Projection module, method for controlling projection module, vehicle lamp and vehicle

Abstract

The invention provides a projection module and a method for controlling the projection module. The projection module and the method can be applied to vehicle lamps and vehicles. The projection module provided by the invention is small in size and high in imaging quality, and can achieve an ultra-near-field greeting projection effect. The projection module comprises an image generation unit and a first optical element. Wherein the image generation unit is used for emitting a first light beam, and the first light beam is used for generating a first image when the first light beam does not pass through the first optical element, or is used for generating the first image when the first optical element does not reflect or diffract the first light beam. The first optical element is used for generating a second light beam based on reflection or diffraction of the first light beam, the second light beam is used for generating a second image, and the second image is closer to the image generation unit than the first image.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of optical display, and more particularly to a projection module, a method for controlling the projection module, vehicle lights, and vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] In the era of intelligent driving, the emergence of intelligent headlights has endowed them with more personalized and scenario-specific characteristics. Intelligent headlight modules typically possess both image projection and illumination functions, achieving both basic lighting and projection capabilities. However, current headlight modules tend to generate a large amount of stray light when implementing ultra-near-field projection, resulting in poor projection quality. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a projection module, a method for controlling the projection module, vehicle lights, and a vehicle. The projection module provided by this application is small in size, has high image quality, and can achieve ultra-near-field projection effects.

[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a projection module, which includes an image generation unit and a first optical element. The image generation unit is configured to emit a first light beam, which is used to generate a first image when the first light beam does not pass through the first optical element, or to generate the first image when the first optical element does not reflect or diffract the first light beam. The first optical element is configured to generate a second light beam based on the reflection or diffraction of the first light beam, and the second light beam is used to generate a second image, wherein the second image is closer to the image generation unit than the first image.

[0005] It is understood that when the projection module provided in this application is applied to a vehicle, it can be applied to the vehicle's headlights. In this case, the projection module can be arranged within the headlight module, enabling the headlight module to have both lighting and projection functions. Alternatively, it can be arranged separately in other locations on the vehicle, solely for projection. In this application's solution, the second image being closer to the image generation unit than the first image can also be understood as the second image being closer to the light-emitting position of the projection module, or the second image being closer to the surface of the vehicle where the projection module is installed, etc.

[0006] Based on the above solution, this application deflects the direction of the first beam through reflection or diffraction of the first optical element, bringing the second image closer to the image generation unit, thereby achieving closer projection. Simultaneously, the projection module provided by this application can meet the application needs of multiple scenarios, helping to satisfy different user experiences. It is understood that the first beam can be a beam carrying image information or not. When the first beam does not carry image information, the second beam emitted from the projection module can be used for illumination, and long-distance and short-distance illumination effects are achieved by whether the first beam is reflected or diffracted by the first optical element. For example, in this case, the first and second images are long-distance or short-distance light spots, light carpets, etc. When the first beam carries image information, the second beam emitted from the projection module is used for projection, and long-distance and short-distance projection effects are achieved by whether the first beam is reflected or diffracted by the first optical element. For example, in this case, the first and second images are long-distance warning projections or short-distance welcome projections, etc. Furthermore, this application achieves deflection of the first beam direction through reflection or diffraction, without introducing dispersion, distortion, secondary images, or stray light, thereby achieving high-quality projection effects.

[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first optical element is a reflective array, the reflective array including a plurality of reflective units arranged in a row along a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the projection module, at least one of the plurality of reflective units having a surface for reflection including a first surface and a second surface, the angle between the first surface and the second surface being a first angle, and the deflection angle of the second beam relative to the first beam being determined by the first angle.

[0008] By using multiple reflective units to deflect the first beam, each reflective unit can share a portion of the deflection of the first beam in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the projection module, thereby reducing the volume of the first optical element in the direction of array extension and further reducing the volume of the projection module.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, each of the plurality of reflecting units is composed of two planar mirrors having the first included angle.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, each of the plurality of reflecting units is a double-reflecting prism, and the included angle between the double-reflecting surfaces is the first included angle.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the projection module further includes an extinction structure for absorbing stray light, wherein each shading area of ​​the extinction structure corresponds to a portion of the first outer surface and / or the second outer surface that does not participate in reflection.

[0012] Based on the above solution, by setting an ablation structure, the quality of the projected image can be improved, thereby enhancing the user experience.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first optical element is a holographic optical element or a diffractive optical element.

[0014] When the first optical element is a holographic optical element or a diffractive optical element, an ultra-thin first optical element can be achieved, thereby reducing the size of the projection module.

[0015] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the holographic optical element is a polarization-sensitive optical element, the image generation unit includes a polarization optical element, the polarization optical element is used to change the polarization direction of the first beam so that the first beam emitted by the image generation unit is polarized light that the first optical element cannot diffract; or, the polarization optical element is used to change the polarization direction of the first beam so that the first beam emitted by the image generation unit is polarized light that the first optical element can diffract.

[0016] In this scheme, the polarization optical element is not limited and can be a waveplate, polarizer, etc.

[0017] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the holographic optical element is a linearly polarized sensitive optical element, the polarization optical element is a half-wave plate, and the half-wave plate is used to generate linearly polarized light.

[0018] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the holographic optical element is a circularly polarized sensitive optical element, the polarization optical element is a quarter-wave plate, and the quarter-wave plate is used to generate circularly polarized light.

[0019] Based on the above scheme, the polarization direction of the first beam is changed by a polarizing optical element, so that the first optical element responds according to the polarization direction of the first beam, thereby enabling the projection module to switch between different application scenarios. For example, when the first optical element diffracts the first beam, it is applied to a near-field projection scenario or a lighting scenario; when the first optical element does not diffract the first beam, it is applied to a far-field projection scenario or a lighting scenario.

[0020] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the deflection angle of the second beam relative to the first beam is determined by the angle between the object beam and the reference beam used to fabricate the holographic optical element.

[0021] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the deflection angle of the second beam relative to the first beam is determined by the diffraction angle of the diffractive optical element.

[0022] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the projection module further includes a transmission unit connected to the first optical element. The transmission unit is used to move the first optical element so that the first light beam is reflected or diffracted through the first optical element to generate the second light beam; or, the transmission unit is used to move the first optical element so that the first light beam does not pass through the first optical element.

[0023] Based on the above scheme, the first optical element is moved by the transmission unit, so that the first beam emitted by the projection module cannot pass through the first optical element or is reflected or diffracted by the first optical element to generate a second beam, so that the projection module provided in this application can be applied to different scenarios.

[0024] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a method for controlling a projection module, the projection module including an image generation unit and a first optical element, the method including: responding to a user's control operation on the projection module, causing the projection module to generate a first image or a second image, the second image being closer to the image generation unit than the first image, wherein, when the projection module generates the first image, a first light beam emitted by the image generation unit does not pass through the first optical element, or the first light beam emitted by the image generation unit is a light beam that the first optical element cannot reflect or diffract, and the first light beam is used to generate the first image; when the projection module generates the second image, the first light beam emitted by the image generation unit is reflected or diffracted by the first optical element to generate the second light beam, and the second light beam is used to generate the second image.

[0025] Based on the above solution, the method for controlling the projection module provided in this application can enable the projection module to generate long-distance and short-distance images, thereby meeting the needs of different application scenarios and helping to satisfy different user application experiences.

[0026] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the first optical element is a reflective array, the reflective array comprising a plurality of reflective units arranged in a row along a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the projection module, at least one of the plurality of reflective units having a surface for reflection including a first surface and a second surface, the angle between the first surface and the second surface being a first angle, and the deflection angle of the second beam relative to the first beam being determined by the first angle.

[0027] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, each of the plurality of reflecting units is composed of two planar mirrors having the first included angle.

[0028] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, each of the plurality of reflecting units is a double-reflecting prism, and the included angle between the double-reflecting surfaces is the first included angle.

[0029] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the first optical element is a holographic optical element or a diffractive optical element.

[0030] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the holographic optical element is a polarization-sensitive optical element, the image generation unit includes a polarization optical element, and the step of generating a first image or a second image by the projection module includes: adjusting the polarization optical element to change the polarization direction of the first beam, so that the first beam emitted by the image generation unit is polarized light that the first optical element cannot diffract; or, adjusting the polarization optical element to change the polarization direction of the first beam, so that the first beam emitted by the image generation unit is polarized light that the first optical element can diffract.

[0031] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the holographic optical element is a linearly polarized sensitive optical element, the polarization optical element is a half-wave plate, and the half-wave plate is used to generate linearly polarized light.

[0032] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the holographic optical element is a circularly polarized sensitive optical element, the polarization optical element is a quarter-wave plate, and the quarter-wave plate is used to generate circularly polarized light.

[0033] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the deflection angle of the second beam relative to the first beam is determined by the angle between the object beam and the reference beam used to fabricate the holographic optical element.

[0034] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the deflection angle of the second beam relative to the first beam is determined by the diffraction angle of the diffractive optical element.

[0035] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the projection module further includes a transmission unit, the first optical element being connected to the transmission unit, and the step of generating a first image or a second image by the projection module includes: controlling the transmission unit to move the first optical element so that the first light beam does not pass through the first optical element; or, controlling the transmission unit to move the first optical element so that the first light beam is reflected or diffracted through the first optical element to generate a second light beam.

[0036] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a vehicle light, which includes a control system and a projection module provided by the first aspect and any implementation thereof. The control system is used to acquire user control operations on the projection module and to cause the projection module to generate the first image or the second image according to the control operations.

[0037] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a means of transportation, characterized in that it includes a body of the means of transportation and a projection module provided by the first aspect and any implementation thereof, wherein the projection module is arranged on the body. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural block diagram of a vehicle 100 applicable to an embodiment of this application.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first projection module 200 provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an image generation unit 210 applicable to an embodiment of this application.

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of a first type of reflective array 400 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0042] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an matte structural member 500 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0043] Figure 6 The embodiments provided in this application are related to Figure 4 The diagram shows a symmetrical reflective array 400.

[0044] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a second type of reflective array 700 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0045] Figure 8 The embodiments provided in this application are related to Figure 7 The diagram shows a symmetrical reflective array 700.

[0046] Figure 9 A side view of the holographic optical element 10 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0047] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the diffractive optical element 11 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0048] Figure 11 This is a schematic optical path structure diagram of the second projection module 1100 provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0049] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the working modes of the projection module 1100 in the near-field projection state and the far-field projection state in the embodiments of this application.

[0050] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of a method 1300 for controlling a projection module provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0051] Figure 14 This is a functional schematic diagram of a vehicle light in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The technical solutions in this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0053] The following description is provided to facilitate understanding of the embodiments of this application.

[0054] First, the terms "first," "second," and various numerical designations used in the textual descriptions or drawings of the embodiments of this application shown below are merely for descriptive convenience and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of this application. For example, the first beam and the second beam are different beams, etc.

[0055] Second, the term "comprising" and any variations thereof in the embodiments of this application shown below are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, for example, a system, product or device that includes a series of units is not necessarily limited to those units that are explicitly listed, but may include other units that are not explicitly listed or that are inherent to such products or devices.

[0056] Third, in the embodiments of this application, the words "exemplarily" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Embodiments or designs described as "exemplarily" or "for example" should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. The use of words such as "exemplarily" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner to facilitate understanding.

[0057] Fourth, in the accompanying drawings of this application, the thickness, size, and shape of the various optical elements have been slightly exaggerated for ease of explanation. Specifically, the shapes of the optical elements shown in the drawings are illustrated by way of example, and the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not drawn strictly to scale.

[0058] Fifth, unless otherwise specified, all terms used in this application (including technical and scientific terms) shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0059] Currently, pixelated headlights not only provide excellent support for intelligent lighting but also offer significant advantages in the diversity of projected patterns and projection range, making them a potential next-generation intelligent welcome projection light. Existing pixelated headlights typically have a vertical field of view of approximately 7°, and the projection distance in front of the vehicle is usually greater than 8 meters, making it difficult to achieve a good welcome effect. To shorten the distance of the welcome projection, a motor is usually used to tilt the entire pixelated headlight downwards at a certain angle. However, the adjustment range of this solution is very limited, usually less than 6°, and it also encroaches on the space inside the headlight, significantly increasing the difficulty of design and layout. In addition, there are solutions based on optical elements (such as Fresnel prisms) to achieve beam deflection, but these solutions, due to the introduction of additional optical elements, generally suffer from more stray light and poorer projection quality in practical applications.

[0060] In view of this, this application proposes a projection module that can be applied to pixelated projection headlights. It can not only achieve large-angle deflection of a broadband beam, but also improve the quality of the projected image and has excellent projection effect.

[0061] The following section first describes the vehicles to which the projection module provided in this application can be applied; see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 As shown, where, Figure 1This is a functional block diagram of one embodiment of the vehicle provided in this application. In one embodiment, vehicle 100 is configured in a fully or partially autonomous driving mode. For example, vehicle 100 can control itself while in autonomous driving mode, and can determine the current state of the vehicle and its surrounding environment through human operation, determine the possible behavior of at least one other vehicle in the surrounding environment, and determine the confidence level corresponding to the probability of that other vehicle performing the possible behavior, and control vehicle 100 based on the determined information. When vehicle 100 is in autonomous driving mode, vehicle 100 can be set to operate without human interaction. Vehicle 100 may include various systems, each system may include multiple components. In addition, each system and component of vehicle 100 may be interconnected via wired or wireless means.

[0062] The vehicle shown in this embodiment includes a sensor system 120, which may include several sensors for sensing information about the environment surrounding the vehicle 100. For example, the sensor system 120 may include a positioning system 121 (which may be a Global Positioning System (GPS), BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, or other positioning systems), an inertial measurement unit (IMU) 122, a radar 123, a laser rangefinder 124, and a camera 125. The sensor system 120 may also include sensors for the internal systems of the monitored vehicle 100 (e.g., an in-vehicle air quality monitor, fuel gauge, oil temperature gauge, etc.). Sensor data from one or more of these sensors can be used to detect objects and their corresponding characteristics (position, shape, orientation, speed, etc.). This detection and identification is a key function for the safe operation of the autonomous vehicle 100. The positioning system 121 can be used to estimate the geographical location of the vehicle 100. The IMU 122 is used to sense changes in the position and orientation of the vehicle 100 based on inertial acceleration. In one embodiment, the IMU 122 may be a combination of an accelerometer and a gyroscope. Radar 123 can use radio signals to sense objects in the surrounding environment of vehicle 100. In some embodiments, in addition to sensing objects, radar 123 can also be used to sense the speed and / or direction of travel of objects. This embodiment does not limit the specific type of radar 123; for example, radar 123 can be millimeter-wave radar or lidar. Laser rangefinder 124 can use lasers to sense objects in the environment in which vehicle 100 is located. In some embodiments, laser rangefinder 124 may include one or more laser sources, laser scanners, and one or more detectors, as well as other system components. Camera 125 can be used to capture multiple images of the surrounding environment of vehicle 100. Camera 125 can be a still camera, video camera, monocular / binocular camera, or infrared imager.

[0063] Vehicle 100 also includes an advanced driving assistance system (ADAS) 110. ADAS 110 continuously senses the surrounding environment during vehicle operation, collects data, identifies, detects, and tracks static and dynamic objects, and combines this data with navigation map data to perform system calculations and analyses. This allows the driver to anticipate potential dangers, effectively increasing driving comfort and safety. For example, ADAS 110 can control the vehicle using data acquired by the sensor system 120. Alternatively, ADAS 110 can control the vehicle using in-vehicle infotainment system data, which may include key data from the vehicle's instrument panel (fuel consumption, engine speed, temperature, etc.), vehicle speed information, steering wheel angle information, or vehicle attitude data.

[0064] ADAS 110 controls the vehicle in one or more of the following ways: ADAS 110 adjusts the forward direction of vehicle 100. ADAS 110 controls the operating speed of the vehicle's engine and thus the speed of vehicle 100. ADAS 110 operates on images captured by camera 125 to identify objects and / or features in the environment surrounding vehicle 100. In some embodiments, ADAS 110 may be used to map the environment, track objects, estimate the speed of objects, etc. ADAS 110 determines the driving route of vehicle 100; in some embodiments, ADAS 110 may combine one or more predetermined map data from sensor system 120 to determine the driving route for vehicle 100. ADAS 110 may identify, assess, and avoid or otherwise traverse potential obstacles in the environment of vehicle 100.

[0065] Vehicle 100 interacts with external sensors, other vehicles, other computer systems, or users via peripheral devices 130. Peripheral devices 130 may include a wireless communication system 131, an on-board computer 132, a microphone 133, and / or a speaker 134.

[0066] In some embodiments, peripheral device 130 provides a means for a user of vehicle 100 to interact with a user interface. For example, on-board computer 132 may provide information to a user of vehicle 100. The user interface may also operate on-board computer 132 to receive user input. On-board computer 132 may be operated via a touchscreen. In other cases, peripheral device 130 may provide a means for vehicle 100 to communicate with other devices located within the vehicle. For example, microphone 133 may receive audio (e.g., voice commands or other audio input) from a user of vehicle 100. Similarly, speaker 134 may output audio to a user of vehicle 100.

[0067] The wireless communication system 131 can communicate wirelessly with one or more devices directly or via a communication network. For example, the wireless communication system 131 can use third-generation (3G) cellular communication technologies, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), or General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). The wireless communication system 131 can use fourth-generation (4G) cellular communication technologies, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). The wireless communication system 131 can also use fifth-generation (5G) cellular communication technologies. The wireless communication system 131 can communicate using a wireless local area network (WLAN). In some embodiments, the wireless communication system 131 can communicate directly with devices using an infrared link, Bluetooth, or ZigBee. The wireless communication system 131 may also utilize various vehicle communication systems. For example, the wireless communication system 131 may include one or more dedicated shortrange communications (DSRC) devices that may include public and / or private data communications between vehicles and / or roadside stations.

[0068] Some or all of the functions of vehicle 100 are controlled by computer system 140. Computer system 140 can control the functions of vehicle 100 based on input received from various systems (e.g., sensor system 120, ADAS 110, peripheral devices 130) and from a user interface. Computer system 140 may include at least one processor 141 that executes instructions stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as memory 142. Computer system 140 may also be multiple computing devices controlling individual components or subsystems of vehicle 100 in a distributed manner.

[0069] This embodiment does not limit the type of processor 141. For example, the processor 141 may be one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), system-on-chips (SoCs), central processing units (CPUs), network processors (NPs), digital signal processors (DSPs), microcontroller units (MCUs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), or other integrated chips, or any combination of the above chips or processors. The processor 141 may be located inside the vehicle, or it may be located away from the vehicle and wirelessly communicate with it.

[0070] In some embodiments, memory 142 may contain instructions (e.g., program logic) that can be executed by processor 141 to perform various functions of vehicle 100. In addition to instructions, memory 142 may also store data such as map data, route information, vehicle position, direction, speed, and other vehicle data. The information stored in memory 142 can be used by vehicle 100 and computer system 140 during operation of vehicle 100 in autonomous, semi-autonomous, and / or manual modes.

[0071] The vehicle 100 shown in this embodiment also includes a projection module 150, which may include a pixelated headlight module, etc. In this application, the projection module 150 is described using a pixelated headlight module as an example. When the projection module 150 is a pixelated headlight module, it has the advantages of small size and high projection quality. It can not only meet the ultra-near field projection requirements, but also meet the lighting requirements in some embodiments, making the projection module 150 applicable to more scenarios. The specific structure of the projection module 150 is described below with reference to various embodiments.

[0072] It should be noted that the projection module 150 shown in this embodiment can be applied not only to vehicles, but also to driving tools such as ships, airplanes, and helicopters.

[0073] The reflective arrays and diffraction-based optical elements (including holographic optical elements and diffractive optical elements) involved in this application can be applied not only to pixelated headlights, but also to fields related to optical imaging and optical projection such as cameras, projectors, microscopes, telescopes, and lithography machines. In addition, they can be applied to any system that utilizes the principles of reflection and diffraction, including acoustic systems, acousto-optic systems, etc., to achieve beam deflection.

[0074] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first projection module 200 provided in an embodiment of this application. It should be understood that this schematic diagram is a side view, and the projection module 200 can be applied to, for example... Figure 1 The vehicle shown is an example of a projection module 150. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the projection module 200 includes an image generation unit 210 and a first optical element 220. The image generation unit 210 emits a first light beam, which is used to generate a first image when the first light beam does not pass through the first optical element 220; or, the first light beam is used to generate a first image when the first optical element 220 does not reflect or diffract the first light beam. The first optical element 220 generates a second light beam based on the reflection or diffraction of the first light beam, and this second light beam is used to generate a second image, which is closer to the image generation unit 210 than the first image.

[0075] In this application, the first optical element 220 is arranged in front of the image generation unit 210, and can deflect the direction of the first beam through reflection or diffraction, so that the direction of the second beam emitted from the first optical element 220 is different from the direction of the first beam. It is understood that the first beam emitted from the projection module 200 may or may not carry image information (or image data). When the first beam carries image information, the first beam emitted from the projection module 200 is image light. In this case, the projection module 200 can be applied in projection scenarios, and long-distance and short-distance projection effects can be achieved depending on whether the first beam is reflected or diffracted by the first optical element. For example, when the projection module 200 is a projection module within a pixel headlight, if the first beam is reflected or diffracted by the first optical element, the projection module 200 can achieve near-field projections such as welcome projections and zebra crossing indicators for pedestrians; if the first beam does not pass through the first optical element, or is not reflected or diffracted by the first optical element, the projection module 200 can achieve far-field entertainment projections and long-distance warning projections. When the first beam does not carry image information, the projection module 200 can be used in lighting scenarios. For example, if the projection module 200 is a projection module within a pixel headlight, and the first beam is reflected or diffracted by the first optical element, the projection module 200 can achieve near-field illumination; if the first beam does not pass through the first optical element, or is not reflected or diffracted by the first optical element, the projection module 200 can achieve far-field illumination. In other words, the projection module 200 can emit different first beams according to different usage scenarios, and rely on the first optical element 220 to achieve beam deflection at different angles to meet different application requirements.

[0076] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an image generation unit 210 applicable to an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the image generation unit 210 includes a light source 310, a modulation unit 320, and a projection module 330. When the projection module 200 is used in a projection scenario, the light source 310 provides a light beam carrying image information. The modulation unit 320 modulates the light beam emitted by the light source according to the image information, so that the light output from the modulation unit 320 carries image information; that is, the light output from the modulation unit 320 is image light (or imaging light). The projection module 330 projects the image light carrying image information; that is, the first light beam emitted from the projection module 330 is the light beam used to generate the image. When the projection module 200 is used in a lighting scenario, the light source 310 directly emits the first light beam. It should be noted that... Figure 3 This is merely one of the structures of the image generation unit 210 applicable to the embodiments of this application; that is, the image generation unit 210 applicable to the embodiments of this application is not limited to... Figure 3As shown, in other embodiments, the image generation unit 210 applicable to the embodiments of this application may also include a collimation module, a homogenizing module, a diffusion screen, etc., which are not limited in this application.

[0077] Optionally, the image generation unit 210 may be a liquid crystal display (LCD), a liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) display, a light-emitting diode (LED) display, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, a micro light-emitting diode (Micro-LED) display, a display using mini light-emitting diode (mini-LED) display technology, a digital light processing (DLP) display, or a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) display, etc., and this application does not impose any limitations.

[0078] As can be seen from the above description, the first optical element 220 is capable of reflecting or diffracting the first light beam.

[0079] In some embodiments, when the first optical element 220 deflects the first light beam based on reflection, the first optical element 220 is a reflective array comprising multiple reflective elements arranged in a row perpendicular to the optical axis of the projection module 200. At least one reflective element includes a first surface and a second surface, the angle between the first surface and the second surface being a first angle. When the projection module 200 projects, the image generation unit 210 emits the first light beam into the reflective array. Each reflective element in the reflective array reflects the received first light beam to generate a second light beam, the deflection angle of the second light beam relative to the first light beam being determined by the first angle.

[0080] In other embodiments, when the first optical element 220 deflects the first light beam based on diffraction, the first optical element 220 is a diffractive optical element based on the diffraction principle, such as a holographic optical element or a diffractive optical element. When the projection module 200 projects, the image generation unit 210 emits the first light beam towards the diffractive optical element. This diffractive optical element deflects the direction of the received first light beam through the diffraction optical principle, so that the direction of the second light beam emitted from the diffractive optical element is different from the first direction.

[0081] It should be noted that since optical elements based on the principle of diffraction achieve beam deflection through light diffraction, when the first optical element 220 in the projection module 200 is an optical element based on the principle of diffraction, the light source in the image generation unit 210 is white light synthesized from a narrow-beam monochromatic light source. In some embodiments, the light source in the image generation unit 210 can be a red, green, and blue three-color laser light source. In this case, the image generation unit 210 can be an LCOS display, DLP display, MEMS display, or laser-backlit LCD display composed of RGB laser light sources with center wavelengths of 638nm, 525nm, and 455nm, respectively. In other embodiments, the light source in the image generation unit 210 can be an RGB three-color LED light source. In this case, the image generation unit 210 can be an LED display, LCOS display, or LCD display composed of LED light sources with center wavelengths of 618nm, 515nm, and 455nm, respectively.

[0082] Next, combined Figures 4 to 10 The specific structures of the two types of first optical elements 220 provided in the embodiments of this application are described in detail.

[0083] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of the first type of reflective array 400 provided in the embodiments of this application, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 (a) in the image is a side view of the first type of reflective array 400. Figure 4 Image (b) is a front view of the first type of reflective array 400. Specifically, the reflective array 400 includes a plurality of reflective elements 221, i.e. Figure 4 The projection module 200 consists of reflection units 221#1, 221#2, 221#3, ..., 221#n, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2. These n reflection units 221 are arranged in a row perpendicular to the optical axis of the projection module 200. Each reflection unit 221 is composed of two elements with a first included angle (e.g., ...). Figure 4The two reflective mirrors (with an angle θ shown) are configured as a first surface and a second surface, respectively. Each reflective unit 221 reflects the received first light beam across the two surfaces with the first angle. In some embodiments, the surface of the reflector receiving the first light beam can be referred to as the first surface, and the surface of the reflector emitting the second light beam can be referred to as the second surface. In this case, the first surface reflects the first light beam to the second surface, the second surface receives the first light beam reflected from the first surface, and emits the second light beam. For example, taking reflective unit 221#1, surface 41 is the second surface, and surface 42 is the first surface. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the surface of the reflector receiving the first light beam can be referred to as the second surface, and the surface of the reflector emitting the second light beam can be referred to as the first surface. In this case, the second surface reflects the first light beam to the first surface, the first surface receives the first light beam reflected from the second surface, and emits the second light beam. For example, taking reflective unit 221#1, surface 41 is the first surface, and surface 42 is the second surface.

[0084] According to the reflection principle of a double-sided mirror, when the angle between the first and second surfaces is a first angle, the emitted second beam of light will be deflected by an angle twice that of the incident first beam. For example, when the angle between the first and second surfaces is θ, the emitted second beam of light will be deflected by an angle of 2*θ compared to the incident first beam. Figure 4 As shown, when the first beam is incident horizontally, the angle between the emitted second beam and the horizontal direction is 2*θ. It can be understood that when the angle between the first and second surfaces is small, the deflection angle of the second beam relative to the first beam is also small. In this case, if the projection module 200 is used for image projection, an ultra-near-field projection effect can be achieved.

[0085] This application does not limit the spacing between adjacent reflective units 221. In some embodiments, the spacing between adjacent reflective units 221 may be the same, in which case the reflective array 400 may be referred to as a periodic array, which is convenient for processing and manufacturing. In other embodiments, the spacing between adjacent reflective units 221 may be partially the same or completely different, in which case the reflective array 400 may be referred to as a non-periodic array. It is understood that the spacing between adjacent reflective units 221 is the distance between corresponding surfaces in each reflective unit 221. Here, corresponding surfaces refer to surfaces that both receive the first light beam or surfaces that both emit the second light beam. For example, for reflective units 221#1 and reflective unit 221#2, the spacing between them can be represented by the distance between surface 41 (the surface that emits the second light beam) and surface 43 (the surface that emits the second light beam), or it can be represented by the distance between surface 42 (the surface that receives the first light beam) and surface 44 (the surface that receives the first light beam).

[0086] It should be noted that this application does not limit the processing method of the reflective array 400. Each reflective unit 221 can be integrally formed on the substrate by injection molding, compression molding, grinding, polishing, machining, etc., or the processed planar reflective lenses can be coupled to the fixed frame one by one. Optionally, the material of the reflective array 400 can be plastic, glass, metal, resin, etc. It is understood that this application does not limit the processing technology of the designed reflective array 400 for each material. For example, the plastic reflective array 400 can be polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), etc., and can be processed by precision machining, injection molding, nanoimprinting, etc. The glass reflective array 400 can be common optical glass materials such as H-K9L and H-ZF1, and can be processed by cold working, precision machining, high-temperature molding, nanoimprinting, etc. The metal reflective array 400 can be processed by grinding, precision polishing, precision machining, etc.

[0087] To reduce stray light caused by multiple reflections of the light beam on the surface of the reflective array 400, in some embodiments, an extinction structure can be provided on the side of the reflective array 400 closer to the image generation unit 210 (i.e., the side receiving the first light beam) and / or on the side farther from the image generation unit 210 (i.e., the side emitting the second light beam). Each blocking area of ​​the extinction structure corresponds to the portion of the surface in each reflective unit 221 that does not participate in reflection. For example, Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an matte finish structural member 500 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5As shown in (a), the extinction structure 500 is shaped like a "ladder," wherein the "beams" of the "ladder" correspond to the non-reflective portions of the surface in each reflective unit 221, serving to block these non-reflective portions and prevent incident light and / or stray light from entering them. Figure 4 When (a) is simultaneously located on both the side closest to the image generation unit 210 and the side furthest from the image generation unit 210, the structural schematic diagram of the extinction structure 500 and the reflective array 400 is shown in Figure 4. Figure 5 As shown in (b) above. In other embodiments, matte finishing treatment can also be performed on the non-reflective surface of each reflective unit 221, including but not limited to printing, ink coating, coating, painting, oxidation, etching, and other processes. For example, when coating is performed, an anti-reflection layer or an absorption layer can be provided on the non-reflective surface of each reflective unit 221. For example, the anti-reflection layer can be an anti-reflection film.

[0088] Optionally, in order to increase the reflectivity of the reflective portion of each reflective unit 221, in some embodiments, an anti-reflection layer may be provided on the reflective portion of each reflective unit 221, i.e., an anti-reflection layer may be provided on the first surface and / or the second surface. Exemplarily, the anti-reflection layer may be an anti-reflection film, wherein the anti-reflection film may be a metal film, a dielectric film, etc., and this application is not limited thereto.

[0089] It is understandable that when the reflective array is 400... Figure 4 When two planar reflectors are shown, the orientation of the reflector in each reflecting unit 221 is not limited to... Figure 4 In some embodiments, the direction shown may also be the same as the direction of the mirror in each reflecting unit 221. Figure 4 A symmetrically distributed arrangement, such as Figure 6 As shown.

[0090] It should be noted that, for ease of explanation, the embodiments of this application (including the embodiments described above and those described below) are illustrated with each reflecting unit 221 receiving the first light beam. However, it is understood that the first light beam emitted by the image generating unit 210 is incident on multiple reflecting units 221, meaning that each reflecting unit 221 receives only a portion of the first light beam. Similarly, the second light beam emitted by each reflecting unit 221 is also only a portion of the second light beam emitted by the reflecting array 400. In other words, in this application's description, whether the first light beam refers to the light beam emitted by the image generating unit 210 or is a portion of the first light beam needs to be distinguished and determined based on the specific description. Similarly, whether the second light beam refers to the light beam emitted by the reflecting array 400 or is a portion of the second light beam also needs to be distinguished and determined based on the description.

[0091] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a second type of reflective array 700 provided in an embodiment of this application. Wherein, Figure 7 This is a side view of the second type of reflective array 700. Specifically, the reflective array 700 includes n reflective elements 721, i.e. Figure 7 The light beam is composed of n reflecting units 721#1, 721#2, 721#3, ..., 721#n, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2. Each reflecting unit 721 is a double-reflecting prism, wherein the two surfaces of adjacent prisms used for reflecting the light beam have a first included angle (e.g., ...). Figure 7 (The angle δ is shown). The two reflecting surfaces with a first included angle are the first surface and the second surface, respectively, meaning each reflecting prism is used to reflect the received first beam of light on the two surfaces with the first included angle. Similarly, in Figure 7 In the reflective array 700 shown, the two surfaces of the reflective units used to reflect the light beam are not limited. The surface of the mirror receiving the first light beam can be referred to as the first surface, and the surface of the mirror emitting the second light beam can be referred to as the second surface. In this case, the first surface reflects the first light beam to the second surface, the second surface receives the first light beam reflected from the first surface, and emits the second light beam. For example, taking adjacent reflective units 721#1 and 721#2 as examples, surface 71 of reflective unit 721#1 is the second surface, and surface 72 of reflective unit 721#2 is the first surface. Alternatively, the surface of the mirror receiving the first light beam can be referred to as the second surface, and the surface of the mirror emitting the second light beam is referred to as the first surface. In this case, the second surface reflects the first light beam to the first surface, the first surface receives the first light beam reflected from the second surface, and emits the second light beam. For example, taking adjacent reflective units 721#1 and 721#2 as examples, surface 71 of reflective unit 721#1 is the first surface, and surface 72 of reflective unit 721#2 is the second surface.

[0092] It should be noted that, in Figure 7 In the second type of reflective array 700 shown, the deflection of light is achieved by the cooperation of two adjacent surfaces (i.e., an example of the first and second surfaces) of two adjacent prisms. Since each reflective unit 721 is identical, the angle between the two adjacent surfaces of two adjacent prisms is the same as the angle between the upper and lower surfaces of each reflective prism in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis. In other words, the first angle between the two surfaces of adjacent prisms used to reflect the light beam is equal to the angle between the two surfaces of each reflective prism that can be used to reflect the light beam, i.e., as shown... Figure 7As shown, the angle between the upper and lower surfaces of each reflecting prism along the direction perpendicular to the optical axis is also δ. For example, when the angle between the upper and lower surfaces of each reflecting prism along the direction perpendicular to the optical axis, that is, the angle between the first surface and the second surface, is δ, the angle of deflection of the emitted second beam relative to the incident first beam is 2*δ. Figure 7 As shown, when the first beam is incident horizontally, the angle between the emitted second beam and the horizontal direction is 2*δ. Similarly, when the angle between the first surface and the second surface is small, the deflection angle of the second beam relative to the first beam is also small, enabling the projection module 200 provided in this application to achieve an ultra-near-field projection effect.

[0093] Understandably, for Figure 7 In the case of the reflection unit composed of the double-reflecting prisms shown, when the incident beam is deflected at the same angle, the aperture of the multiple double-reflecting prisms in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis is smaller than that of a single reflection prism, thereby reducing the volume of the projection device 200 in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis.

[0094] Similarly, for Figure 7 The second type of reflective array 700 shown in this application does not limit the spacing between adjacent reflective units 721. It can be a periodic array or a non-periodic array.

[0095] for Figure 7 The second type of reflective array 700 shown in this application does not limit its processing method and materials. Each reflective unit 721 can be integrally formed on the substrate by injection molding, compression molding, grinding, polishing, machining, etc., or each processed reflective unit 721 can be coupled to a fixed frame one by one. The material of the reflective unit 721 can be plastic, glass, metal, resin, etc.

[0096] In some embodiments, it is possible to Figure 7 The second type of reflective array 700 shown has extinction structures on the side closer to the image generation unit 210 (i.e., the side receiving the first beam) and / or the side farther from the image generation unit 210 (i.e., the side emitting the second beam), thereby reducing stray light caused by multiple reflections of the beam on the surface of the reflective array 700. Each blocking area of ​​the extinction structure corresponds to the portion of the surface of each reflective unit 721 that does not participate in reflection (also referred to as a reflection ineffective area). The shape of this extinction structure can be referenced... Figure 5 As shown, further details will not be repeated here. In other embodiments, an anti-reflection treatment may be applied to the non-reflective surface of each reflective unit 721. For example, an anti-reflection layer or an absorption layer may be provided on the non-reflective surface of each reflective unit 221, which is not limited in this application.

[0097] Optionally, in order to increase the reflectivity of the reflective portion of each reflective unit 721, in some embodiments, an anti-reflection layer may be provided on the reflective portion of each reflective unit 721, i.e., an anti-reflection layer may be provided on the first surface and / or the second surface. Exemplarily, the anti-reflection layer may be an anti-reflection film, wherein the anti-reflection film may be a metal film, a dielectric film, etc., and this application is not limited thereto.

[0098] It is understandable that the orientation of each reflective unit 721 is not limited to... Figure 7 The arrangement shown may be further varied in some embodiments, with each reflective element 721 oriented as shown in the diagram. Figure 8 As shown. Furthermore, the above... Figure 7 and Figure 8 The reflective array 700 shown is only an example of a triangular prism. In other embodiments, the reflective prism may also be a trapezoidal prism or other shapes, which are not limited in this application.

[0099] Figure 9 This is a side view of the holographic optical element 10 provided in an embodiment of this application. The holographic optical element 10 is an example of an optical element based on the principle of diffraction. Optionally, in this application, the holographic optical element 10 is a holographic grating.

[0100] Specifically, the holographic optical element 10 uses a laser of a wavelength corresponding to the light source in the image generation unit 210 for exposure. Object beams and reference beams of different wavelengths interfere on the holographic plate, forming a series of alternating bright and dark interference fringes. In this application, when the angle of deflection of the second beam relative to the first beam is required to be a first angle γ, the angle between the object beam and reference beam at different wavelengths is γ. That is, for R-beam, the angle between its corresponding object beam and reference beam is γ; for G-beam, the angle between its corresponding object beam and reference beam is γ; and for B-beam, the angle between its corresponding object beam and reference beam is also γ. Figure 2 In the projection module 200 shown, when the first light beam emitted from the image generation unit 210 passes through the holographic optical element 10, the emitted second light beam is deflected by an angle γ relative to the first light beam. In other words, the holographic optical element 10 can diffract the three colors of light to the same angle, thereby achieving overall deflection of the first light beam. That is, the deflection angle of the second light beam emitted from the holographic optical element 10 relative to the first light beam is determined by the angle between the object light and the reference light used to fabricate the holographic optical element 10. It can be understood that when the angle γ between the object light and the reference light corresponding to the holographic optical element 10 is small, the deflection angle of the second light beam relative to the first light beam is also small. In this case, if the projection module 200 is used for image projection, an ultra-near-field projection effect can be achieved.

[0101] Optionally, the holographic optical element 10 can be single-layer multiplexed, responding to three wavelengths simultaneously, and bonded (e.g., by optical adhesive) to the transparent substrate 101, such as... Figure 9 As shown in (a) above. Alternatively, a multi-layer stacking method can be used, with three layers corresponding to the three colors of light (RGB) respectively, placed between two transparent substrates, as shown in [example]. Figure 9 As shown in (b), the holographic optical element 10 is bonded between the transparent substrate 102 and the substrate 103 via a sandwich structure. It should be noted that this application does not limit the material or number of substrates used as the holographic optical element 10. The substrate material can be PMMA, PC, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), optical glass, etc. The number of substrates can be one or more.

[0102] Understandably, holographic optical elements 10 are simple to manufacture, and such elements are typically small in size and thin in thickness, thus further reducing the size of the projection module 200. Furthermore, when a holographic grating is used as the holographic optical element 10, since the holographic grating has no periodic error, when the projection module 200 is used in a projection scene, it will not produce "ghosting" images and has advantages such as less stray light and higher resolution, thereby improving image quality.

[0103] In some embodiments, the holographic optical element 10 is a non-polarized photosensitive material, in which case the first beam is unpolarized light. The holographic optical element 10 is used to polarize the direction of the unpolarized light.

[0104] In other embodiments, the holographic optical element 10 employs a polarization-sensitive photosensitive material. In this case, the first beam is polarized light, and the holographic optical element 10 is used to respond to the first beam with a specific polarization direction, that is, to diffract the first beam with the specific polarization direction to generate a second beam. In this case, a polarization optical element, such as a waveplate or polarizer, can be provided in the image generation unit 210 to make the first beam emitted by the image generation unit 210 polarized light.

[0105] Specifically, if the holographic optical element 10 is formed based on linearly polarized light exposure, i.e., linearly polarized light with an angle γ between the object light and the reference light, then the holographic optical element 10 only responds to linearly polarized light. For example, the holographic optical element 10 responds to horizontally polarized light, or the holographic optical element 10 responds to vertically polarized light. For example, if the holographic optical element 10 responds to horizontally polarized light, then the first beam emitted by the image generation unit 210 is horizontally polarized light. After this horizontally polarized linearly polarized light is incident on the holographic optical element 10, the second beam emitted from the holographic optical element 10 has a deflection angle γ relative to the first beam. For example, if the holographic optical element 10 responds to vertically polarized light, then the first beam emitted by the image generation unit 210 is vertically polarized light. After this vertically polarized linearly polarized light is incident on the holographic optical element 10, the second beam emitted from the holographic optical element 10 has a deflection angle γ relative to the first beam.

[0106] If the holographic optical element 10 is formed based on circularly polarized light exposure, i.e., circularly polarized light with an angle γ between the object light and the reference light, then the holographic optical element 10 only responds to circularly polarized light. For example, the holographic optical element 10 responds to left-handed circularly polarized light, or the holographic optical element 10 responds to right-handed circularly polarized light. Exemplarily, if the holographic optical element 10 responds to left-handed circularly polarized light, then the first beam emitted from the image generation unit is left-handed circularly polarized light. After this left-handed circularly polarized light is incident on the holographic optical element 10, the second beam emitted from the holographic optical element 10 has a deflection angle γ relative to the first beam. Exemplarily, if the holographic optical element 10 responds to right-handed circularly polarized light, then the first beam emitted from the image generation unit is right-handed circularly polarized light. After this right-handed circularly polarized light is incident on the holographic optical element 10, the second beam emitted from the holographic optical element 10 has a deflection angle γ relative to the first beam.

[0107] It should be noted that this application does not limit the scheme for the image generation unit 210 to generate a horizontally polarized first beam or a vertically polarized first beam. For example, when the image generation unit 210 emits a horizontally polarized first beam, a half-wave plate can be placed in the image generation unit 210, and when the fast axis of the half-wave plate is placed horizontally, the polarization direction of the first beam emitted by the image generation unit 210 is horizontally polarized. Alternatively, two quarter-wave plates with parallel optical axes can be placed in the image generation unit 210, and when the fast axes of the two quarter-wave plates with parallel optical axes are placed horizontally, the polarization direction of the first beam emitted by the image generation unit 210 is horizontally polarized. For example, when the image generation unit 210 emits a vertically polarized first beam, a half-wave plate can be placed in the image generation unit 210, and when the fast axis of the half-wave plate is tilted at 45 degrees, the polarization direction of the first beam emitted by the image generation unit 210 is vertically polarized. Alternatively, by placing two quarter-wave plates with parallel optical axes in the image generation unit 210 and tilting the fast axis of the two quarter-wave plates at a 45-degree angle, the polarization direction of the first beam emitted by the image generation unit 210 can be vertically polarized.

[0108] Similarly, this application does not limit the scheme for the image generation unit 210 to generate a left-handed or right-handed circularly polarized first beam. For example, when the first beam emitted by the image generation unit 210 is left-handed circularly polarized light, this can be achieved by placing a quarter-wave plate in the image generation unit 210 and positioning the fast axis of the quarter-wave plate at +45°. Similarly, when the first beam emitted by the image generation unit 210 is right-handed circularly polarized light, this can be achieved by placing a quarter-wave plate in the image generation unit 210 and tilting the fast axis of the quarter-wave plate at -45°.

[0109] It is understood that this application does not limit the determination of whether the light is left-handed or right-handed circularly polarized. General methods from geometrical optics can be used. For example, left-handed circularly polarized light is defined as light whose vibration direction is left-handed when observed directly towards it. Similarly, right-handed circularly polarized light is defined as light whose vibration direction is right-handed when observed directly towards it.

[0110] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the diffractive optical element 11 provided in an embodiment of this application. The diffractive optical element 11 is another example of the aforementioned optical element based on the diffraction principle. Figure 10This is a side view of the diffractive optical element 11. Optionally, in this application, the diffractive optical element 11 is a diffraction grating.

[0111] Specifically, if the diffractive optical element 11 is a diffraction grating, the diffraction grating simultaneously satisfies the requirement that the light from the three color light sources is diffracted to the same angle, that is, it satisfies the following formula.

[0112] d R sinθ=m R λ R

[0113] d G sinθ=m G λ G

[0114] d B sinθ=m B λ B

[0115] Where, d R The grating parameter representing red light, d G The grating parameter representing green light, d B This represents the grating parameters for blue light. R m represents the diffraction order of red light at a diffraction angle of θ. G The m represents the diffraction order of green light at a diffraction angle of θ. B λ represents the diffraction order of blue light at a diffraction angle of θ. R λ represents the wavelength of red light. G λ represents the wavelength of green light. B This indicates the wavelength of blue light.

[0116] It should be noted that the above Figure 9 and Figure 10 These are examples of optical elements based on the principle of diffraction applicable to this application, specifically holographic optical elements and diffractive optical elements. However, this application is not limited to these examples. In other embodiments, optical elements based on the principle of diffraction can also be metasurfaces, etc.

[0117] Figure 11 This is a schematic optical path structure diagram of the second projection module 1100 provided in an embodiment of this application. It is understood that the projection module 1100 can be applied to, for example... Figure 1 The vehicle shown is an example of a projection module 150. For example... Figure 11As shown, the projection module 1100 includes an image generation unit 1110, a first optical element 1120, and a transmission unit 1130. The transmission unit 1130 is connected to the first optical element 1120. The transmission unit 1130 is used to move the first optical element 1120, causing the first light beam to be reflected or diffracted through the first optical element 1120 to generate a second light beam; or, the transmission unit 1130 is used to move the first optical element 1120 so that the first light beam does not pass through the first optical element 1120.

[0118] For example, when the projection module is applied to the pixelated headlights of a car, if the projection module 1100 is used in near-field projection mode, the transmission unit 1130 is used to move the first optical element 1120 in front of the image generation unit 1110. At this time, the image generation unit 1110 is used to emit a first light beam towards the first optical element 1120. The first optical element 1120 is used to generate a second light beam based on the reflection or diffraction of the first light beam from the image generation unit 1110. At this time, if the first light beam is an image light carrying image information, the near-field second image generated by the second light beam can be used for near-field welcoming scenarios. If the first light beam does not carry image information, the near-field second image generated by the second light beam is a near-field light spot, which can be used for near-field lighting scenarios. If the projection module 1100 is used in far-field projection mode, the transmission unit 1130 moves the position of the first optical element 1120 so that the first light beam emitted by the image generation unit 1110 cannot be projected onto the first optical element 1120. At this time, the light beam emitted by the projection module 1100 is the first light beam emitted by the image generation unit 1110. When the first beam is an image light carrying image information, the generated far-field first image can be used for entertainment projection, etc. When the first beam does not carry image information, the generated far-field first image is a far-field light spot, which can be used for lighting.

[0119] It is understandable that the second image is closer to the image generation unit 1110 than the first image. That is, the projection position of the first beam after passing through the first optical element 1120 is closer to the image generation unit 1110 than the projection position without passing through the first optical element 1120. Therefore, in this application, the first optical element 1120 deflects the direction of the first beam, such as... Figure 12 As shown. For example, when the projection module is applied to the pixelated headlights of a car, for an occupant located outside the cabin (e.g., an occupant near the vehicle's headlights), the second image is closer to the car's headlights (or the light source at the headlights, or the vehicle) than the first image. When viewed from the driver's perspective, the second image will be closer to the driver than the first image.

[0120] It should be noted that when the projection module 1100 switches between near-field projection and far-field projection, the transmission unit 1130 moves the first optical element 1120. This can be done by moving the first optical element 1120 left-right or up-down relative to the optical axis; this application does not limit this. Simultaneously, the transmission unit 1130 can move the first optical element 1120 by at least one of translation or rotation; this application does not limit this either. Furthermore, it should be noted that when the projection module 1100 is used in near-field projection, the transmission unit 1130 moves the first optical element 1120 to the front of the image generation unit 1110. At this time, the first optical element 1120 can be perpendicular to the optical axis of the projection module or rotated relative to the optical axis without affecting the reflection or diffraction of the first light beam, and the position of the generated second image remains approximately unchanged. In other words, the projection device 1100 provided by this application has a high tolerance for assembly tolerances, making the assembly of the projection module simple and easy to operate.

[0121] Optionally, in this application, the transmission unit 1130 moves the first optical element 1120 based on control information. This control information may be generated based on user control operations and transmitted to the transmission unit 1130 via a processor (or processing device / appliance) or a controller (or control device / appliance).

[0122] In some embodiments, the control information may be a pressure signal. For example, when a user presses a button on the control transmission unit 1130 and the transmission unit 1130 receives the pressure signal, it moves the first optical element 1120 in front of the image generating unit 1110, allowing the first light beam to pass through the first optical element 1120. When the transmission unit 1130 does not receive a pressure signal, for example, when the user operates the button on the control transmission unit 1130 to pop up, or when the button on the control transmission unit 1130 is in the default factory pop-up state, the transmission unit 1130 moves the first optical element 1120 out of front of the image generating unit 1110, so that the first light beam is not projected onto the first optical element 1120.

[0123] In other embodiments, the control information can be an electrical signal. For example, a user controls different states of the projection module 1100 through a state selection function on a display device connected to the projection module 1100. Different states generate different electrical signals. For instance, when the transmission unit 1130 receives an electrical signal indicating that the projection module 1100 is in a near-field projection state, it moves the first optical element 1120 in front of the image generation unit 1110, causing the first light beam to be projected onto the first optical element 1120. When the transmission unit 1130 receives a signal indicating that the projection module 1100 is in a far-field projection state, it moves the first optical element 1120 out of front of the image generation unit 1110, preventing the first light beam from passing through the first optical element 1120.

[0124] In other embodiments, the control information can be a radio signal, such as a Bluetooth signal. For example, a user can select different states of the projection module 1100 by operating a control device connected to the projection module 1100, such as a mobile phone or remote control. Different states correspond to different Bluetooth signals. When the transmission unit 1130 receives a Bluetooth signal indicating that the projection module 1100 is in near-field projection mode, it moves the first optical element 1120 in front of the image generation unit 1110, causing the first light beam to be projected onto the first optical element 1120. When the transmission unit 1130 receives a Bluetooth signal indicating that the projection module 1100 is in far-field projection mode, it moves the first optical element 1120 out of front of the image generation unit 1110, preventing the first light beam from being projected onto the first optical element 1120.

[0125] It is understandable that the first optical element 1120 can be as described above. Figures 4 to 10 Any one of the first optical elements in the present application, or an example of any other first optical element not shown in this application, specifically, can be referred to the above. Figures 4 to 10 The relevant explanations will not be repeated here.

[0126] It should be noted that the first optical element 1120 is as described above. Figure 9The holographic optical element shown is made of a polarization-sensitive photosensitive material. In this case, the projection module 1100 switches between near-field projection and far-field projection states without relying on the transmission unit 1130 to move the first optical element 1120. In some embodiments, if the holographic optical element is formed based on linearly polarized light exposure and responds to horizontally polarized light, the polarization optical element in the image generation unit 1110 can be adjusted to make the emitted first beam horizontally polarized, causing the holographic optical element to diffract and generate a second beam based on the first beam of horizontally polarized light. In this case, the projection module 1100 operates in the near-field projection state. Otherwise, the polarization optical element in the image generation unit 1110 can be adjusted to make the emitted first beam vertically polarized, preventing the holographic optical element from diffracting and generating a second beam based on vertically polarized light, instead allowing direct transmission of the holographic optical element. In this case, the projection module 1100 operates in the far-field projection state. In other embodiments, if the holographic optical element is formed based on circularly polarized light exposure and responds to left-handed circularly polarized light, then by adjusting the polarization optical element in the image generation unit 1110, the emitted first beam is made to be left-handed circularly polarized light, so that the holographic optical element generates a second beam based on the first beam of left-handed circularly polarized light. In this case, the projection module 1100 operates in the near-field projection state. Otherwise, by adjusting the polarization optical element in the image generation unit 1110, the emitted first beam is made to be right-handed circularly polarized light, so that the holographic optical element cannot generate a second beam based on the diffraction of right-handed circularly polarized light, but instead directly transmits the holographic optical element. In this case, the projection module 1100 operates in the far-field projection state.

[0127] It is understood that, for examples of the response of a holographic optical element to vertically polarized light, or to right-handed circularly polarized light, please refer to the descriptions of the response of a holographic optical element to horizontally polarized light, or to left-handed circularly polarized light, respectively; these will not be repeated here. Furthermore, for methods of adjusting the polarizing optical elements in the image generation unit 1110, such as rotating the waveplate in the image generation unit 1110, please refer to the above... Figure 9 The explanations in the text will not be repeated here.

[0128] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of a method 1300 for controlling a projection module according to an embodiment of this application. This method can be used for the above-mentioned... Figure 11 The projection module 1100 shown is controlled by a controller, control device, control chip, etc., which are not limited in this application. Specifically, the method includes the following steps.

[0129] S1301, in response to a user's control operation on the projection module, the projection module generates either a first image or a second image, wherein the second image is closer to the image generation unit than the first image. Specifically, when the projection module generates the first image, the first light beam emitted by the image generation unit does not pass through the first optical element, or the first light beam emitted by the image generation unit is a beam that the first optical element cannot reflect or diffract; the first light beam is used to generate the first image. When the projection module generates the second image, the first light beam emitted by the image generation unit is reflected or diffracted by the first optical element to generate the second light beam; the second light beam is used to generate the second image.

[0130] Specifically, when method 1300 is applied... Figure 11 When the projection module 1100 is shown, the user controls the projection module 1300 to operate in either near-field projection mode (generating a second image) or far-field projection mode (generating a first image). The explanation of near-field projection mode (generating a second image) or far-field projection mode (generating a first image) can be found above. Figure 11 The relevant explanations in the documentation will not be repeated here. Meanwhile, user control operations can include the above... Figure 11 Examples of pressing buttons, touching display devices, or controlling mobile phones or remote control devices, as illustrated in the examples, will not be repeated here.

[0131] In some embodiments, when the first optical element 1120 is a holographic optical element, the projection module generating the first image or the second image further includes: adjusting the polarization optical element to change the polarization direction of the first beam, so that the first beam emitted by the image generating unit is polarized light that the first optical element cannot diffract; or, adjusting the polarization optical element to change the polarization direction of the first beam, so that the first beam emitted by the image generating unit is polarized light that the first optical element can diffract. Specifically, the method of changing the polarization direction of the first beam by adjusting the polarization optical element to generate the first image or the second image by the projection module can refer to the above description. Figure 11 The relevant explanations will not be repeated here.

[0132] In other embodiments, the projection module generating the first image or the second image further includes: controlling the transmission unit to move the first optical element so that the first light beam does not pass through the first optical element; or, controlling the transmission unit to move the first optical element so that the first light beam is reflected or diffracted through the first optical element to generate the second light beam. Specifically, the method for controlling the transmission unit to move the first optical element to generate the first image or the second image by the projection module can be referred to the above. Figure 11 The relevant explanations will not be repeated here.

[0133] Optionally, before S1301, method 1300 also includes S1320.

[0134] S1320, obtain user control operations.

[0135] It is understandable that the method of acquiring user actions varies depending on the form of the user's control operation. For example, if the user's action is pressing a button, the control operation can be acquired by detecting that the user pressed the button, such as through a pressure sensor. If the user's action is operating a touch display device, the control operation can be acquired by detecting that the user touched different areas of the screen, such as through a touch sensor in the display device. If the user's action is operating a wireless control device, the control operation can be acquired by detecting that the user sent a wireless signal, such as through a wireless receiver.

[0136] Taking a vehicle light as an example, this application also provides a vehicle light in its embodiments. Figure 14 This is a functional schematic diagram of a vehicle light according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 14 As shown, the vehicle headlight 20 includes a controller 21, a drive module 22, and a lighting module 23. The projection module in the above embodiment can be specifically applied to the lighting module 23. Since vehicles generally have two headlights, left and right, the lighting module 23 is divided into two, each typically having its own corresponding drive module 22. However, it is not impossible for the same drive module to drive both lighting modules 23 simultaneously. Normally, the controller 21 communicates with the vehicle's computer system via a bus to receive various information or control signals, and then sends information to the two drive modules 22 respectively, controlling the drive modules 22 to drive the corresponding lighting modules 23 to achieve the desired lighting effect. It should be noted that with technological advancements, the functions of the controller 21 may be integrated into the vehicle's computer system, with the computer system directly controlling the drive module 22 to drive the corresponding lighting module 23; this application does not limit this. Furthermore, the vehicle headlight 20 may also integrate some sensing modules, such as integrating any of the sensing modules from lidar, millimeter-wave radar, or infrared detection devices into the intelligent headlight, forming an integrated sensing and illumination headlight.

[0137] The controller 21 may include one or more processors and a memory. The memory stores code for parsing instructions from the computer system and code for controlling the drive module 22. The processor parses the instructions and controls the drive module 23 according to the aforementioned code. In practical applications, the memory may be internal to the controller 21 or external to the controller 21; this application does not limit this. The processor may be one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), system-on-chips (SoCs), central processing units (CPUs), network processors (NPs), digital signal processors (DSPs), microcontroller units (MCUs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), or other integrated chips, or any combination of the above chips or processors. The memory may include volatile memory, such as RAM; it may also include non-volatile memory, such as ROM, flash memory, hard disk drives (HDDs), or solid-state drives (SSDs); or it may include combinations of the above types of memory.

[0138] The driving module 22 is matched with the lighting module 23. For example, when the lighting module 23 adopts DLP technology, the driving module 22 is a driving chip for a digital micro-mirror device (DMD); when the lighting module 23 adopts LCD technology, the driving module 22 is a driving chip for an LCD; when the lighting module 23 adopts LCOS, the driving module 22 is a driving chip for an LCOS; this application does not limit this.

[0139] The lighting module 23 utilizes technologies such as matrix LED, Micro-LED, DMD, LCD, LCOS, and laser scanning to achieve ADB (Adaptive Driving Departure) functionality. It can also project text, traffic signs, and even videos, enhancing driving safety and user experience. It should be understood that... Figure 11This is merely a schematic diagram of the vehicle lights and does not constitute a limitation. The vehicle lights can achieve both high and low beam functions while projecting light, or they can include separate high and low beam modules. If separate high and low beam modules are included, the high and low beam modules can be controlled by the controller 21 to turn the high and low beams on or off, or they can communicate with the vehicle's computer system via a bus, with the computer system controlling the high and low beams on or off. This application does not impose any limitations.

[0140] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of modules is only a logical functional division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed.

[0141] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A projection module, characterized in that, include: Image generation unit and first optical element, The image generation unit is used to emit a first light beam, which is used to generate a first image when the first light beam does not pass through the first optical element, or the first light beam is used to generate the first image when the first optical element does not reflect or diffract the first light beam. The first optical element is used to generate a second beam based on the reflection or diffraction of the first beam, the second beam being used to generate a second image, the second image being closer to the image generation unit than the first image.

2. The projection module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first optical element is a reflective array, which includes multiple reflective units arranged in a row along a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the projection module. At least one of the multiple reflective units has a first surface and a second surface for reflection. The angle between the first surface and the second surface is a first angle, and the deflection angle of the second beam relative to the first beam is determined by the first angle.

3. The projection module according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each of the plurality of reflecting units consists of two plane mirrors having the first included angle.

4. The projection module according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each of the plurality of reflecting units is a double-reflecting prism, and the included angle between the double-reflecting surfaces is the first included angle.

5. The projection module according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that, The projection module also includes a light-absorbing structure for absorbing stray light. Each shading area of ​​the light-absorbing structure corresponds to a portion of the first outer surface and / or the second outer surface that does not participate in reflection.

6. The projection module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first optical element is a holographic optical element or a diffractive optical element.

7. The projection module according to claim 6, characterized in that, The holographic optical element is a polarization-sensitive optical element, and the image generation unit includes a polarization optical element. The polarization optical element is used to change the polarization direction of the first beam, so that the first beam emitted by the image generation unit is polarized light that cannot be diffracted by the first optical element. or, The polarization optical element is used to change the polarization direction of the first beam, so that the first beam emitted by the image generation unit is polarized light that the first optical element can diffract.

8. The projection module according to claim 7, characterized in that, The holographic optical element is a linearly polarized sensitive optical element, and the polarization optical element is a half-wave plate, which is used to generate linearly polarized light.

9. The projection module according to claim 7, characterized in that, The holographic optical element is a circularly polarized sensitive optical element, and the polarization optical element is a quarter-wave plate, which is used to generate circularly polarized light.

10. The projection module according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that, The deflection angle of the second beam relative to the first beam is determined by the angle between the object beam and the reference beam used to fabricate the holographic optical element.

11. The projection module according to claim 6, characterized in that, The deflection angle of the second beam relative to the first beam is determined by the diffraction angle of the diffractive optical element.

12. The projection module according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The projection module also includes a transmission unit, which is connected to the first optical element. The transmission unit is used to move the first optical element so that the first light beam is reflected or diffracted by the first optical element to generate the second light beam. or, The transmission unit is used to move the first optical element so that the first light beam does not pass through the first optical element.

13. A method for controlling a projection module, characterized in that, The projection module includes an image generation unit and a first optical element, and the method includes: In response to a user's control operation on the projection module, the projection module generates either a first image or a second image, wherein the second image is closer to the image generation unit than the first image. When the projection module generates the first image, the first light beam emitted by the image generation unit does not pass through the first optical element, or the first light beam emitted by the image generation unit is a light beam that the first optical element cannot reflect or diffract, and the first light beam is used to generate the first image. When the projection module generates the second image, the first light beam emitted by the image generation unit is reflected or diffracted by the first optical element to generate the second light beam, which is used to generate the second image.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that, The first optical element is a reflective array, which includes multiple reflective units arranged in a row along a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the projection module. At least one of the multiple reflective units has a first surface and a second surface for reflection. The angle between the first surface and the second surface is a first angle, and the deflection angle of the second beam relative to the first beam is determined by the first angle.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that, Each of the plurality of reflecting units consists of two plane mirrors having the first included angle.

16. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that, Each of the plurality of reflecting units is a double-reflecting prism, and the included angle between the double-reflecting surfaces is the first included angle.

17. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that, The first optical element is a holographic optical element or a diffractive optical element.

18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that, The holographic optical element is a polarization-sensitive optical element, the image generation unit includes a polarization optical element, and the step of generating a first image or a second image by the projection module includes: Adjusting the polarization optical element changes the polarization direction of the first beam, so that the first beam emitted by the image generation unit is polarized light that the first optical element cannot diffract; or, Adjusting the polarization optical element changes the polarization direction of the first beam, so that the first beam emitted by the image generation unit is polarized light that the first optical element can diffract.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that, The holographic optical element is a linearly polarized sensitive optical element, and the polarization optical element is a half-wave plate, which is used to generate linearly polarized light.

20. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that, The holographic optical element is a circularly polarized sensitive optical element, and the polarization optical element is a quarter-wave plate, which is used to generate circularly polarized light.

21. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that, The deflection angle of the second beam relative to the first beam is determined by the angle between the object beam and the reference beam used to fabricate the holographic optical element.

22. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that, The deflection angle of the second beam relative to the first beam is determined by the diffraction angle of the diffractive optical element.

23. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 22, characterized in that, The projection module further includes a transmission unit, and the first optical element is connected to the transmission unit. The step of generating a first image or a second image using the projection module includes: The transmission unit is controlled to move the first optical element so that the first light beam does not pass through the first optical element; or, The transmission unit is controlled to move the first optical element, so that the first beam is reflected or diffracted by the first optical element to generate the second beam.

24. A vehicle light, characterized in that, Includes a control system and a projection module as described in any one of claims 1 to 12. The control system is configured to acquire user control operations on the projection module and, based on the control operations, cause the projection module to generate the first image or the second image.

25. A means of transportation, characterized in that, It includes the vehicle body and a projection module as described in any one of claims 1 to 12, the projection module being arranged on the vehicle body.

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