Antenna device, preparation method and wearable equipment

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses an antenna device, a preparation method and wearable equipment. The antenna device comprises a dielectric substrate and an antenna array. The antenna array is attached to the first surface of the dielectric substrate and comprises a first antenna array element and a second antenna array element which is spaced from the first antenna array element. Wherein the antenna array has a first working frequency and a second working frequency higher than the first working frequency; and the distance d between the center of the first antenna array element and the center of the second antenna array element meets the condition that d is larger than or equal to 0.35 lambda L and smaller than or equal to 0.45 lambda L, and lambda L is the wavelength of the antenna array in the free space under the first working frequency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an antenna device, a method for manufacturing an antenna device, and a wearable device. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of information technology, wireless communication technologies such as Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) have become a research hotspot. This technology can upload data collected by sensors to personal terminals such as mobile phones and tablets, enabling real-time monitoring. Furthermore, through wired or wireless network access, WBANs can function as nodes within an entire communication network, facilitating data sharing and information transmission over a wide area.

[0003] Wearable antennas (also known as wearable antennas) are an important component of WBANs, and their research and application are receiving increasing attention. However, conventional wearable antennas are usually single-frequency and single-polarization, and their design and implementation are relatively simple, making them only suitable for scenarios with relatively simple communication requirements and relatively stable communication environments. In addition, conventional wearable antennas are susceptible to interference from signals in other frequency bands or polarization directions, making it difficult to achieve high-precision data sharing and information transmission throughout the communication network and in harsh environments.

[0004] Furthermore, wearable devices (also known as wearable technology devices) require prolonged contact with the human body, and their comfort directly impacts user experience and acceptance. Currently, wearable antennas on wearable devices only utilize flexible materials to reduce antenna weight, but often lack miniaturization and low-profile design in terms of size. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The fabrication method of the wire device, antenna device, and wearable device provided in the embodiments of this application can solve or partially solve the above-mentioned deficiencies or other deficiencies in the prior art.

[0006] This application provides an antenna device, comprising: a dielectric substrate; and an antenna array attached to a first surface of the dielectric substrate, including a first antenna element and a second antenna element spaced apart from the first antenna element. The antenna array has a first operating frequency and a second operating frequency higher than the first operating frequency. The distance d between the center of the first antenna element and the center of the second antenna element satisfies: 0.35λ. L ≤d≤0.45λ L , λ L λ is the wavelength of the antenna array in free space at the first operating frequency.

[0007] According to one embodiment of this application, both the first antenna element and the second antenna element include a microstrip patch antenna.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present application, the shapes and sizes of the first antenna element and the second antenna element are the same.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present application, the dielectric substrate further includes a second surface opposite to the first surface, the antenna device further includes a metal floor attached to the second surface; and both the first antenna element and the second antenna element include coaxial ports connected to the metal floor, wherein, the first coaxial port located in the first antenna element or the second coaxial port located in the second antenna element is excited to enable the antenna array to achieve polarization in the first direction; and the third coaxial port located in the first antenna element or the fourth coaxial port located in the second antenna element is excited to enable the antenna array to achieve polarization in the second direction perpendicular to the first direction.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present application, the position of the first coaxial port in the first antenna element is the same as the position of the second coaxial port in the second antenna element; and the position of the third coaxial port in the first antenna element is the same as the position of the fourth coaxial port in the second antenna element.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present application, a first slot is provided in the edge region of the first antenna element and a second slot is provided in the edge region of the second antenna element, wherein, the number of the first slots is equal to the number of the second slots, and the number is an even number.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present application, the plurality of first slots are symmetric with respect to the center of the first antenna element; and the plurality of second slots are symmetric with respect to the center of the second antenna element.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present application, the shapes and sizes of the first slot and the second slot are the same.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present application, the shapes of the first slot and the second slot both include rectangle, "J" shape, "bow" shape, "L" shape, "C" shape.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present application, a plurality of first notches are provided in the edge region of the first antenna element to reduce the size of the first antenna element; and a plurality of second notches are provided in the edge region of the second antenna element to reduce the size of the second antenna element.

[0016] According to an embodiment of the present application, the shapes of both the first antenna element and the second antenna element include rectangle, wherein, the first notch and the second notch are both located at the vertex angles of the rectangle.

[0017] According to an embodiment of the present application, the shapes of both the first notch and the second notch include rectangle.

[0018] According to one embodiment of this application, the material of the dielectric substrate includes at least one of Rogers material, LCP material, and MPI material.

[0019] Another aspect of this application provides a wearable device, including: an antenna device as provided in any embodiment of this application; a microcontroller unit and a switching switch respectively connected to the antenna device, wherein the microcontroller unit is used to excite the antenna device; and the switching switch is used to switch the polarization state of the antenna device.

[0020] This application also provides a method for fabricating an antenna device, the method comprising: providing a dielectric substrate; and attaching an antenna array to a first surface of the dielectric substrate, wherein the antenna array includes a first antenna element and a second antenna element spaced apart from the first antenna element, wherein the antenna array has a first operating frequency and a second operating frequency higher than the first operating frequency; and the distance d between the center of the first antenna element and the center of the second antenna element satisfies: 0.35λ L ≤d≤0.45λ L , λ L λ is the wavelength of the antenna array in free space at the first operating frequency.

[0021] According to one embodiment of this application, attaching an antenna array to the first surface of a dielectric substrate includes: attaching the antenna array to the first surface using a printing process.

[0022] According to one embodiment of this application, the method further includes: forming a metal ground plane on a second surface of a dielectric substrate disposed opposite to the first surface using a printing process; and forming coaxial ports connected to the metal ground plane in both the first antenna element and the second antenna element, wherein the first coaxial port located in the first antenna element or the second coaxial port located in the second antenna element is excited to achieve a first directional polarization of the antenna array; and the third coaxial port located in the first antenna element or the fourth coaxial port located in the second antenna element is excited to achieve a second directional polarization of the antenna array perpendicular to the first direction.

[0023] According to one embodiment of this application, the method further includes: forming a first slot in the edge region of a first antenna element using an etching process, and forming a second slot in the edge region of a second antenna element, wherein the number of the first slots is equal to the number of the second slots, and the number is even.

[0024] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or important features of the embodiments of this disclosure, nor is it intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Other features of this disclosure will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Other features, objects, and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are provided for a better understanding of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0026] In the attached diagram:

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna device according to one embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna device according to another embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the reflection coefficient curve of the antenna device.

[0030] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the antenna device in the first polarization state is shown.

[0031] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the antenna device in the second polarization state is shown.

[0032] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows a comparison of the coupling coefficients of the antenna device under different element center spacings.

[0033] Figure 7 For is Figure 1 The diagram shows a comparison of phase consistency between array elements under different element center spacings.

[0034] Figure 8 yes Figure 2 The diagram shows the reflection coefficient curve of the antenna device.

[0035] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure and operation of a wearable device according to one embodiment of this application; and

[0036] Figure 10 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for manufacturing an antenna device according to one embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0037] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or state relationship based on the orientation or state relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0038] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0039] In the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0040] The exemplary embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, including various details of the embodiments to aid understanding. These should be considered merely exemplary. Therefore, those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of this application. Similarly, for clarity and brevity, descriptions of well-known functions and structures are omitted in the following description.

[0041] It should be noted that, where there is no conflict, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna device 1000 according to one embodiment of this application. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna device 1000 according to another embodiment of this application.

[0043] like Figures 1-2 As shown, some embodiments of this application provide an antenna device 1000, which may include a dielectric substrate 101 and an antenna array 300. The dielectric substrate 101 includes a first surface 101-1 and a second surface 101-2 disposed opposite to each other. The antenna array 300 is attached to the first surface 101-1 of the dielectric substrate 101 and includes a first antenna element 301 and a second antenna element 302 spaced apart from the first antenna element 301. The antenna array 300 has a first operating frequency and a second operating frequency higher than the first operating frequency. The distance d between the center of the first antenna element 301 and the center of the second antenna element 302 satisfies: 0.35λ L ≤d≤0.45λ L , λ L The wavelength of the antenna array 300 in free space at the first operating frequency is given.

[0044] It should be noted that the aforementioned center can be understood as the geometric center of the first antenna element or the geometric center of the second antenna element. Furthermore, the accompanying drawings only exemplarily illustrate the number, structure, and position of antenna elements; however, it is understood that the antenna elements shown in the figures and related content are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit this application. Those skilled in the art can adjust the antenna elements according to the inventive concept of this application to achieve the same technical effect.

[0045] According to at least one embodiment of the antenna device provided in this application, the antenna array may include multiple antenna elements, and the distance d between the centers of adjacent antenna elements satisfies: 0.35λ L ≤d≤0.45λ L , λ L This refers to the wavelength of the antenna array in free space at its first operating frequency. This enhances the radiation performance of the antenna array, enabling the entire communication network containing the antenna device to achieve high-precision data sharing and information transmission.

[0046] Specifically, in some embodiments of this application, the dielectric substrate 101 may be fabricated using Rogers material, such as Rogers 3003 with flexible properties, wherein the relative permittivity ε of Rogers 3003 is... r For ε r =3, loss tangent tanδ = 0.0013. Furthermore, the dielectric substrate 101 can also be prepared using low dielectric loss LCP (Liquid Crystal Polymer) material, MPI (Modified Polyimide) material, or a mixture of LCP and MPI. Optionally, the dielectric loss d... f It can satisfy df <0.002. In addition, the thickness of the dielectric substrate 101 can be set according to actual needs, and dielectric substrates 101 of any thickness can be processed by lamination technology, which is not limited in this application.

[0047] Alternatively, both the first antenna element 301 and the second antenna element 302 can include microstrip patch antennas. Furthermore, the first antenna element 301 and the second antenna element 302 can have the same shape and size, which effectively reduces the complexity of the antenna array structure. Additionally, the shapes of both the first antenna element 301 and the second antenna element 302 can include square, circular, or other irregular shapes; this application does not impose any limitations on these shapes.

[0048] Optionally, the size of the first antenna element 301 or the second antenna element 302 can be 0.26λ. L ×0.26λ L Alternatively, the size of the first antenna element 301 or the second antenna element 302 can be 0.24λ. L ×0.24λ L .For example, Figure 1 The size of the first antenna element 301 or the second antenna element 302 of the antenna device 1000 shown can be 0.26λ. L ×0.26λ L ; Figure 2 The size of the first antenna element 301 or the second antenna element 302 of the antenna device 1000 shown can be 0.24λ. L ×0.24λ L However, this application does not impose any restrictions.

[0049] Optionally, the distance d between the center of the first antenna element 301 and the center of the second antenna element 302 can be 0.35λ. L 0.40λ L 0.41λ L Or 0.45λ L And so on. This can enhance the radiation performance of the antenna array, enabling the entire communication network containing the antenna device to achieve high-precision data sharing and information transmission.

[0050] In addition, the antenna device 1000 also includes a metal ground plane 201, which is attached to the second surface 101-2 of the dielectric substrate 101. The metal ground plane 201 may be made of a conductive material, such as copper. Alternatively, the conductive material may be any of the following: aluminum, stainless steel, brass, or alloys thereof.

[0051] In some embodiments of this application, both the first antenna element 301 and the second antenna element 302 may include coaxial ports connected to the metal ground plane 201. For example, a first coaxial port 401 and a third coaxial port 403 are located in the first antenna element 301, and a second coaxial port 402 and a fourth coaxial port 404 are located in the second antenna element 302.

[0052] The coaxial port can be used to feed the first antenna element 301 and the second antenna element 302. For example, the outer conductor of the coaxial port can be connected to the metal ground plane 201, and the inner conductor of the coaxial port can be connected to the feed probe, thereby enabling the feeding of the first antenna element 301 and the second antenna element 302.

[0053] Alternatively, the metal floor 201 may include a soldered SMA (Shape Memory Alloy) connector, the inner conductor of which can be connected to the first antenna element 301 and the second antenna element 302 via a first coaxial port 401, a second coaxial port 402, a third coaxial port 403 and a fourth coaxial port 404.

[0054] When the first coaxial port 401 or the second coaxial port 402 is excited, the antenna array 300 can achieve a first directional polarization, such as vertical polarization; when the third coaxial port 403 or the fourth coaxial port 404 is excited, the antenna array 300 can achieve a second directional polarization perpendicular to the first direction, such as horizontal polarization.

[0055] Specifically, at a given point in space, the electric field intensity E (vector) is a univariate function of time t. As time progresses, the endpoint of the vector periodically traces a trajectory in space. If this trajectory is a straight line, it is called linear polarization. If the trajectory is perpendicular to the ground, it is called vertical polarization; if it is horizontal to the ground, it is called horizontal polarization. In other words, vertical polarization can be understood as the electric field intensity E of the electromagnetic wave being perpendicular to the incident surface; horizontal polarization can be understood as the electric field intensity E of the electromagnetic wave being parallel to the incident surface.

[0056] When the first coaxial port 401 or the second coaxial port 402 is excited, the remaining coaxial ports can be connected to a 50Ω matching load, enabling the antenna array 300 to achieve vertical polarization. When the third coaxial port 403 or the fourth coaxial port 404 is excited, the remaining coaxial ports can also be connected to a 50Ω matching load, enabling the antenna array 300 to achieve horizontal polarization. Each antenna element in the antenna array can be connected to a metal ground plane through two different coaxial ports. By exciting different coaxial ports, dual polarization of the antenna array can be achieved.

[0057] In other words, at least one embodiment of this application provides a compact dual-polarized antenna array in which the distance d between the centers of adjacent antenna elements satisfies: 0.35λ L ≤d≤0.45λ L , λ L The wavelength of the antenna array 300 in free space at the first operating frequency is given. Furthermore, each antenna element in the antenna array can be connected to a metal ground plane via two different coaxial ports. By exciting different coaxial ports, dual polarization of the miniaturized antenna array is achieved.

[0058] Optionally, the first coaxial port 401 is located in the same position as the second coaxial port 402 in the second antenna element 302; the third coaxial port 403 is located in the same position as the fourth coaxial port 404 in the second antenna element 302. This can effectively reduce the complexity of the antenna array structure.

[0059] Furthermore, in some embodiments of this application, the edge region of the first antenna element 301 may be provided with a first slot 501 and the edge region of the second linear array element 302 may be provided with a second slot 502, wherein the number of first slots 501 and the number of second slots 502 may be equal and even. For example, the edge region of the first antenna element 301 may be provided with two first slots 501 and the edge region of the second linear array element 302 may be provided with two second slots 502; or, the edge region of the first antenna element 301 may be provided with four first slots 501 and the edge region of the second linear array element 302 may be provided with four second slots 502, however, this application does not impose any limitations.

[0060] By setting a first slot 501 in the edge region of the first antenna element 301 and a second slot 502 in the edge region of the second antenna element 302, high-frequency resonance can be introduced, enabling the antenna array 300 to achieve dual-frequency performance. The antenna array 300 has a first operating frequency and a second operating frequency higher than the first operating frequency.

[0061] For example, antenna array 300 can operate in the N78 band and the ISM (Industrial Scientific Medical) band. In addition, antenna array 300 can also be used in other bands such as L-band, X-band, and millimeter wave, which are not limited herein.

[0062] As an option, in the application scenario where the antenna device 1000 is applied to a wearable device, the antenna array 300 can operate at different operating frequencies simultaneously, support more device connections, and provide less network latency; it can transmit data arbitrarily, shorten the distance between transmission and reception, and prevent interference between different users.

[0063] Optionally, multiple first slots 501 can be symmetric with respect to the center of the first antenna element 301, and multiple second slots 502 can be symmetric with respect to the center of the second antenna element 302. In addition, the shapes of the first slot 501 and the second slot 502 can be the same, and their sizes can also be the same. This can improve the effect of high-frequency resonance while effectively reducing the complexity of the antenna array structure, and enable the first antenna element and the second antenna element to operate at the same frequency, improving their consistency.

[0064] In addition, the shapes of the first slot 501 and the second slot 502 can each include a rectangle, a "Ji" shape, a "Bow" shape, an "L" shape, a "C" shape. For example, Figure 1 the shapes of the first slot 501 and the second slot 502 shown are both rectangles; Figure 2 the shapes of the first slot 501 and the second slot 502 shown are both "Ji" shapes.

[0065] In addition, in some embodiments of the present application, multiple first notches (such as Figure 1 the area circled by the dashed elliptical frame in the first antenna element 301) can be provided in the edge region of the first antenna element 301 to reduce the size of the first antenna element 301. Similarly, multiple second notches (such as Figure 1 the area circled by the dashed elliptical frame in the second antenna element 302) can be provided in the edge region of the second antenna element 302 to reduce the size of the second antenna element 302.

[0066] For example, the shapes of the first antenna element 301 and the second antenna element 302 can each include a rectangle, and the first notch and the second notch can both be located at the vertex angles of the rectangular shape. Optionally, the shapes of the first notch and the second notch can each include a rectangle.

[0067] By removing a part of the edge region of the antenna element, the size of the antenna element can be reduced, the overall size of the antenna array can be reduced, and a miniaturized and low-profile antenna device can be achieved. For example, in some embodiments of the present application, the overall size (length × width × height) of the antenna array can be 0.75λ L ×0.35λ L ×0.02λ L . In addition, to enhance the above technical effects, the thickness of the dielectric substrate 101 can also be reduced.

[0068] Therefore, according to at least one embodiment of the antenna device provided in this application, the antenna array may include multiple antenna elements, and the distance d between the centers of adjacent antenna elements satisfies: 0.35λ L ≤d≤0.45λ L , λ L Let λ be the wavelength in free space of antenna array 300 at its first operating frequency. This enhances the radiation performance of the antenna array, enabling high-precision data sharing and information transmission across the entire communication network where the antenna device is located. In other words, if the distance d between the centers of adjacent antenna elements is greater than 0.45λ... L This would make the overall size of the antenna device too large; if the distance d between the centers of adjacent antenna elements is less than 0.35λ... L This results in excessive coupling between antenna elements and poor phase consistency. For example, when applied to wearable devices, the positioning accuracy of the antenna device in the positioning system's electronic equipment will be weakened.

[0069] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The reflection coefficient curve of the antenna device 1000 is shown. Figure 4 yes Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the antenna device 1000 in the first polarization state is shown. Figure 5 yes Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the antenna device 1000 in the second polarization state is shown. Figure 6 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows a comparison of the coupling coefficients of the antenna device 1000 under different element center spacings. Figure 7 For is Figure 1 The diagram shows a comparison of phase consistency between array elements of the antenna device 1000 at different element center spacings. Figure 8 yes Figure 2 The reflection coefficient curve of the antenna device 1000 is shown.

[0070] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 The horizontal axis represents the operating frequency (GHz) of the antenna array elements. Figure 3 The vertical axis represents the reflection coefficient S-parameter (dB) of the antenna array. From... Figure 3 The center resonant frequencies of the antenna array can be observed to be 3.58 GHz and 5.8 GHz. Correspondingly, the operating bandwidth of the antenna array is 3.53 GHz to 3.61 GHz and 5.53 GHz to 6.08 GHz, where |S11|, |S22|, |S33| and |S44| are all less than -20, thus the impedance matching performance of the antenna array is good.

[0071] like Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4The radiation pattern of an antenna device 1000 in a first polarization state is shown in one embodiment, wherein the peak gain of the antenna array is 6.3 dBi, the cross-polarization ratio performance is good, and the radiation efficiency of the antenna array is 93%. The radiation performance of the antenna array is greatly improved, enabling the entire communication network in which the antenna device is located to achieve high-precision data sharing and information transmission.

[0072] In addition, such as Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 The diagram illustrates the radiation pattern of an antenna device 1000 in a second polarization state according to one embodiment. The antenna array exhibits a peak gain of 6.37 dBi, good cross-polarization ratio performance, and a radiation efficiency of 94%. Similarly, the significantly improved radiation performance of the antenna array enables high-precision data sharing and information transmission across the entire communication network where the antenna device is located.

[0073] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows a comparison of the coupling coefficients of the antenna device 1000 under different element center-to-center spacings. Taking the different spacings between the first antenna element 301 and the second antenna element 302 as an example... Figure 6 The first distance S12_d between the first antenna element 301 and the second antenna element 302 is shown to be 0.35λ. L The second distance S12_d between the first antenna element 301 and the second antenna element 302 is 0.4λ. L The third distance S12_d between the first antenna element 301 and the second antenna element 302 is 0.45λ. L .like Figure 6 As shown, as the distance between the first antenna element 301 and the second antenna element 302 increases, the coupling between the elements weakens.

[0074] Figure 7 The diagram illustrates the phase consistency of different antenna elements at the three distances described above. As an alternative, using the center of the antenna element as a reference point, and assuming the center of the antenna element is the origin of the three-dimensional coordinate system (0, 0, 0), the phase consistency distribution between antenna elements within the azimuth angle θ ∈ (-45°, 45°) and elevation angle φ ∈ (-45°, 45°) can be obtained by subtracting the values. As the distance between the centers of adjacent antenna elements increases, the coupling between the antenna elements continuously weakens, resulting in a continuous improvement in the phase consistency. In particular, when applied to wearable devices, the positioning accuracy of the antenna device in the positioning system electronic equipment can be enhanced. In other words, the distance d between the centers of adjacent antenna elements satisfies: 0.35λ L ≤d≤0.45λ L , λ LThe wavelength of the antenna array 300 in free space at the first operating frequency is denoted as . This ensures that the coupling between antenna elements is not excessively strong, and the phase remains in a relatively good state of consistency. For example, when applied to wearable devices, the antenna device maintains high positioning accuracy in positioning system electronics. Furthermore, if the distance d between the centers of adjacent antenna elements is within the aforementioned range, the overall size of the antenna device can be kept small, making it suitable for application in miniaturized wearable devices, for example.

[0075] like Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 The horizontal axis represents the operating frequency (GHz) of the antenna array elements. Figure 8 The vertical axis represents the reflection coefficient S-parameter (dB) of the antenna array. From... Figure 8 The center resonant frequencies of the antenna array can be observed to be 3.58 GHz and 5.8 GHz. Correspondingly, the operating bandwidths of the antenna array are 3.54 GHz to 3.6 GHz and 5.42 GHz to 6.17 GHz, and the impedance matching performance of the antenna array is good. Furthermore, with... Figure 1 Compared to the antenna device 1000 shown, Figure 2 The impedance matching performance of the antenna device 1000 shown is further enhanced, and the operating bandwidth in the high-frequency band is further broadened.

[0076] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure and operation of a wearable device according to one embodiment of this application.

[0077] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 as well as Figure 9 As shown, some embodiments of this application provide a wearable device. Optionally, the wearable device may include the antenna device 1000 provided in any of the above embodiments. Furthermore, the wearable device may also include a microcontroller unit (MCU) and a switching switch. The microcontroller unit may include a central processing unit, memory, input / output ports, a timer / counter, an analog-to-digital converter, and other internal structures; this application does not limit the internal structure of the microcontroller unit. The microcontroller unit can be used to excite the antenna device 1000, and the switching switch can be used to switch the polarization state of the antenna device 1000.

[0078] Specifically, the wearable device may also include an operation module, which can provide control signals to control the microcontroller unit, enabling functions such as screen display, audio, and camera (CAM). Furthermore, the microcontroller unit and antenna device 1000 can be connected via an RF connection cable to power the antenna array 300. Additionally, the polarization state of the antenna array 300 can be switched in real time via a switch. In the wearable device, the antenna elements use two different coaxial ports connected to a metal ground plane, thus achieving dual polarization of the antenna array. The switch enables real-time and rapid switching of the antenna array's polarization state, reducing polarization loss and enabling accurate electromagnetic wave reception. In particular, this improves positioning accuracy and information transmission accuracy in wearable device applications. Furthermore, related aspects of the antenna device 1000 are fully or partially applicable to the wearable device; therefore, related or similar aspects will not be elaborated further.

[0079] Figure 10 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for manufacturing an antenna device according to one embodiment of this application, 2000.

[0080] like Figure 10 As shown, some embodiments of this application provide a method 2000 for fabricating an antenna device, the method 2000 including:

[0081] Step S1: Provide a dielectric substrate.

[0082] Step S2: An antenna array is attached to the first surface of the dielectric substrate. The antenna array includes a first antenna element and a second antenna element spaced apart from the first antenna element. The antenna array has a first operating frequency and a second operating frequency higher than the first operating frequency. The distance d between the center of the first antenna element and the center of the second antenna element satisfies: 0.35λ L ≤d≤0.45λ L , λ L λ is the wavelength of the antenna array in free space at the first operating frequency.

[0083] Specifically, refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 10 In some embodiments of this application, the dielectric substrate 101 may be fabricated using Rogers material, such as Rogers 3003 with flexible properties, wherein the relative permittivity ε of Rogers 3003 is... r For ε r =3, loss tangent tanδ = 0.0013. Furthermore, the dielectric substrate 101 can also be fabricated using low dielectric loss LCP material, MPI material, or a mixture of LCP and MPI materials. Optionally, the dielectric loss d f It can satisfy d f<0.002. In addition, the thickness of the dielectric substrate 101 can be set according to actual needs, and dielectric substrates 101 of any thickness can be processed by lamination technology, which is not limited in this application.

[0084] The dielectric substrate 101 includes a first surface 101-1 and a second surface 101-2 disposed opposite to each other. After the dielectric substrate 101 is formed, an antenna array 300 may be attached to the first surface 101-1 of the dielectric substrate 101, wherein the antenna array 300 may include a first antenna element 301 and a second antenna element 302 having a spacing from the first antenna element 301.

[0085] Antenna array 300 has a first operating frequency and a second operating frequency higher than the first operating frequency. The distance d between the center of the first antenna element 301 and the center of the second antenna element 302 satisfies: 0.35λ L ≤d≤0.45λ L , λ L Let λ be the wavelength in free space of the antenna array 300 at the first operating frequency. Optionally, the distance d between the center of the first antenna element 301 and the center of the second antenna element 302 can be 0.35λ. L 0.40λ L 0.41λ L Or 0.45λ L And so on. This can enhance the radiation performance of the antenna array, enabling the entire communication network containing the final antenna device to achieve high-precision data sharing and information transmission.

[0086] In some embodiments of this application, the antenna array 300 may be attached to the first surface 101-1 of the dielectric substrate 101 using a printing process.

[0087] For example, both the first antenna element 301 and the second antenna element 302 can include microstrip patch antennas. The antenna array 300, including the first antenna element 301 and the second antenna element 302, can be attached to the first surface 101-1 of the dielectric substrate 101 using a printing process.

[0088] Furthermore, the first antenna element 301 and the second antenna element 302 can have the same shape and the same size, which can effectively simplify the fabrication process of the antenna device and reduce the complexity of the antenna array structure. In addition, the shapes of the first antenna element 301 and the second antenna element 302 can include square, circular, or other irregular shapes, and this application does not impose any limitations on this.

[0089] In some embodiments of this application, the method 2000 for fabricating an antenna device may further include: forming a metal ground plane 201 on the second surface 101-2 of a dielectric substrate 101 using a printing process; and forming coaxial ports connected to the metal ground plane 201 in both the first antenna element 301 and the second antenna element 302, wherein a first coaxial port 401 and a third coaxial port 403 may be formed in the first antenna element 301, and a second coaxial port 402 and a fourth coaxial port 404 may be formed in the second antenna element 302. When the first coaxial port 401 or the second coaxial port 402 is activated, the antenna array 300 may achieve a first directional polarization. Furthermore, when the third coaxial port 403 or the fourth coaxial port 404 is activated, the antenna array 300 may achieve a second directional polarization.

[0090] Specifically, the metal floor 201 can be made of a conductive material, such as copper. Alternatively, the conductive material can be any of the following: aluminum, stainless steel, brass, or alloys thereof.

[0091] The coaxial port can be used to feed the first antenna element 301 and the second antenna element 302. For example, the outer conductor of the coaxial port can be connected to the metal ground plane 201, and the inner conductor of the coaxial port can be connected to the feed probe, thereby enabling the feeding of the first antenna element 301 and the second antenna element 302.

[0092] When the first coaxial port 401 or the second coaxial port 402 is excited, the remaining coaxial ports can be connected to a 50Ω matching load, enabling the antenna array 300 to achieve the first polarization (vertical polarization). When the third coaxial port 403 or the fourth coaxial port 404 is excited, the remaining coaxial ports can also be connected to a 50Ω matching load, enabling the antenna array 300 to achieve the second polarization (horizontal polarization). Each antenna element in the antenna array can be connected to a metal ground plane through two different coaxial ports. By exciting different coaxial ports, dual polarization of a miniaturized antenna array can be achieved.

[0093] Furthermore, the position of the first coaxial port 401 in the first antenna element 301 can be the same as the position of the second coaxial port 402 in the second antenna element 302; the position of the third coaxial port 403 in the first antenna element 301 can be the same as the position of the fourth coaxial port 404 in the second antenna element 302. This can effectively simplify the fabrication process of the antenna device and reduce the complexity of the antenna array structure.

[0094] In addition, in some embodiments of this application, the method 2000 for fabricating the antenna device may further include: forming a first gap (e.g., using an etching process) in the edge region of the first antenna element 301. Figure 1The area circled by the dashed oval frame in the first antenna element 301), and a second slit is formed in the edge area of the second antenna element 302 (such as Figure 1 The area circled by the dashed oval frame in the second antenna element 302), where the number of the first slits is equal to the number of the second slits, and the number is an even number.

[0095] For example, 2 first slits 501 can be set in the edge area of the first antenna element 301, and 2 second slits 502 can be set in the edge area of the second antenna element 302; or, 4 first slits 501 can be set in the edge area of the first antenna element 301, and 4 second slits 502 can be set in the edge area of the second antenna element 302, however, the present application does not limit this here.

[0096] By setting the first slit 501 in the edge area of the first antenna element 301 and the second slit 502 in the edge area of the second antenna element 302, high-frequency resonance can be introduced, enabling the antenna array 300 to achieve the performance of dual frequencies. The antenna array 300 has a first operating frequency and a second operating frequency higher than the first operating frequency.

[0097] For example, the antenna array 300 can operate on the N78 frequency band and the ISM frequency band. In addition, the antenna array 300 can also be applied to other frequency bands such as the L band, the X band, and millimeter waves, and the present application does not limit this here.

[0098] As an option, in the application scenario where the antenna device 1000 is applied to a wearable device, the antenna array 300 can operate at different operating frequencies simultaneously, can support more device connections, and provide less network latency; can transmit data arbitrarily, shorten the distance between transmission and reception, and prevent interference between different users.

[0099] Optionally, multiple first slits 501 can be symmetric with respect to the center of the first antenna element 301, and multiple second slits 502 can be symmetric with respect to the center of the second antenna element 302. In addition, the shapes of the first slit 501 and the second slit 502 can be the same, and their sizes can also be the same. This can improve the effect of high-frequency resonance on the basis of effectively reducing the complexity of the antenna array structure, and enable the first antenna element and the second antenna element to operate at the same frequency, improving their consistency.

[0100] In addition, the shapes of the first slit 501 and the second slit 502 can each include a rectangle, a "Ji" shape, a "bow" shape, an "L" shape, a "C" shape. For example, Figure 1 The shapes of the first slit 501 and the second slit 502 shown are both rectangles; Figure 2 The shapes of the first slit 501 and the second slit 502 shown are both "Ji" shapes.

[0101] For example, the shapes of the first antenna element 301 and the second antenna element 302 can both include rectangles, wherein the first notch and the second notch can both be located at the apex corner of the rectangle. Optionally, the shapes of the first notch and the second notch can both include rectangles.

[0102] By removing a portion of the edge region of the antenna elements, the size of the antenna elements can be reduced, thereby lowering the overall size of the antenna array and achieving a miniaturized, low-profile antenna device. For example, in some embodiments of this application, the overall size (length × width × height) of the antenna array can be 0.75λ. L ×0.35λ L ×0.02λ L Furthermore, to enhance the aforementioned technical effects, the thickness of the dielectric substrate 101 can be reduced.

[0103] Therefore, according to the method for manufacturing an antenna device provided in at least one embodiment of this application, the antenna array may include multiple antenna elements, and the distance d between the centers of adjacent antenna elements satisfies: 0.35λ L ≤d≤0.45λ L , λ L This refers to the wavelength of the antenna array in free space at its first operating frequency. This enhances the radiation performance of the antenna array, enabling the entire communication network containing the antenna device to achieve high-precision data sharing and information transmission.

[0104] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and an explanation of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in the embodiments of this application is not limited to technical solutions formed by specific combinations of the above-described technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by arbitrary combinations of the above-described technical features or their equivalents without departing from the above-described inventive concept. For example, technical solutions formed by mutually substituting the above features with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions disclosed in the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. An antenna device, characterized in that, include: Dielectric substrate; An antenna array, attached to a first surface of the dielectric substrate, includes a first antenna element and a second antenna element spaced apart from the first antenna element. The antenna array has a first operating frequency and a second operating frequency higher than the first operating frequency; and The distance d between the center of the first antenna element and the center of the second antenna element satisfies: 0.35λ L ≤d≤0.45λ L , λ L The wavelength of the antenna array in free space at the first operating frequency is denoted as .

2. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein, Both the first antenna element and the second antenna element include microstrip patch antennas.

3. The antenna device according to claim 2, wherein, The first antenna element and the second antenna element have the same shape and the same size.

4. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein, The dielectric substrate further includes a second surface disposed opposite to the first surface, and the antenna device further includes a metal ground plane attached to the second surface; and Both the first antenna element and the second antenna element include a coaxial port connected to the metal ground plane. Wherein, the first coaxial port located at the first antenna element or the second coaxial port located at the second antenna element is excited, so that the antenna array achieves a first directional polarization; and The third coaxial port located at the first antenna element or the fourth coaxial port located at the second antenna element is excited, so that the antenna array achieves second-direction polarization perpendicular to the first direction.

5. The antenna device according to claim 4, wherein, The position of the first coaxial port in the first antenna element is the same as the position of the second coaxial port in the second antenna element; as well as The third coaxial port is located in the same position as the fourth coaxial port in the second antenna element.

6. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein, The first antenna element has a first gap at its edge region, and the second antenna element has a second gap at its edge region. The number of the first gaps is equal to the number of the second gaps, and the number is an even number.

7. The antenna device according to claim 6, wherein, The plurality of the first slots are symmetrical with respect to the center of the first antenna element; and The plurality of the second slots are symmetrical with respect to the center of the second antenna array element.

8. The antenna device according to claim 6, wherein, The first gap and the second gap have the same shape and the same size.

9. A wearable device, characterized in that, include: Antenna device as described in any one of claims 1-8; as well as The microcontroller unit and the switching switch are respectively connected to the antenna device. The microcontroller unit is used to excite the antenna device; as well as The switching switch is used to switch the polarization state of the antenna device.

10. A method for manufacturing an antenna device, characterized in that, The method includes: Provide dielectric substrate; and An antenna array is attached to a first surface of the dielectric substrate, wherein the antenna array includes a first antenna element and a second antenna element spaced apart from the first antenna element. The antenna array has a first operating frequency and a second operating frequency higher than the first operating frequency; and The distance d between the center of the first antenna element and the center of the second antenna element satisfies: 0.35λ L ≤d≤0.45λ L , λ L The wavelength of the antenna array in free space at the first operating frequency is denoted as .

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