Important load-oriented dual-power supply path dynamic reconstruction method

Abstract

The invention discloses an important load-oriented dual-power supply path dynamic reconstruction method, and relates to the technical field of power system power supply, and the method comprises the steps: fusing a voltage waveform, a frequency and a connection relation to generate a system state panorama containing the real-time phase information of a power supply; generating a preliminary power supply path switching scheme set based on the system state panorama in combination with the real-time demand of the load and the available capacity of the power supply; for each scheme in the initial power supply path switching scheme set, acquiring real-time phase information in the system state panorama, and determining a voltage phase difference between a standby power supply and a target bus at a target moment when switching operation is executed; according to the voltage phase difference and the network impedance parameter, a closing impact current level corresponding to each scheme is obtained; according to the invention, the impact current risk caused by forced closing due to overlarge phase difference is avoided, and key equipment such as a generator winding and a transformer is protected from being damaged by mechanical stress and influenced by insulation degradation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power supply technology for power systems, and in particular to a dynamic reconfiguration method for dual power supply paths for critical loads. Background Technology

[0002] When the main power supply fails or loses power due to maintenance, the load needs to be quickly switched to the backup power supply. Traditional automatic switching methods mainly rely on detecting voltage loss or frequency abnormalities of the main power supply as trigger conditions, and perform the switching operation based on preset fixed delays or simple voltage amplitude comparisons.

[0003] However, existing methods generally overlook a key electrical and physical constraint: the voltage waveforms of the backup power supply and the bus to be connected must meet the phase synchronization condition. However, in actual power grids, due to line impedance, load changes and the regulation characteristics of the power supply itself, there are always slight differences in the voltage frequency and phase of the main and backup power supplies. During the time interval between the occurrence of a fault and the execution of the switching command, a significant voltage phase difference may accumulate.

[0004] If the circuit is forcibly closed when the phase difference between the two circuits is large, it is equivalent to suddenly connecting a voltage source to a circuit with a potential difference. According to circuit principles, this will generate a transient inrush current that can be several times the rated current, i.e., an asynchronous closing impact. This impact may not only cause the circuit breaker on the backup power supply side to trip due to instantaneous overcurrent, resulting in switching failure, but it will also cause cumulative mechanical stress damage and insulation degradation to generator windings, transformers, and switching equipment, directly threatening the long-term safe operation of the power supply system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a dynamic reconfiguration method for dual power supply paths for critical loads to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a dynamic reconfiguration method for dual power supply paths for critical loads, comprising: S1. Collect the voltage waveforms and frequencies of the main power supply and the backup power supply, obtain the switching status and connection relationship of the distribution network, and integrate the voltage waveforms, frequencies and connection relationships to generate a panoramic view of the system status containing real-time phase information of the power supply. S2. Based on the overall system status map, combined with the real-time load demand and available power capacity, a preliminary set of power supply path switching schemes is generated.

[0007] S3. For each scheme in the initial power supply path switching scheme set, obtain the real-time phase information in the system status panorama and determine the voltage phase difference between the backup power supply and the target bus at the target time of the switching operation. S4. Based on the voltage phase difference and network impedance parameters, the closing inrush current level corresponding to each scheme is obtained, and the schemes with closing inrush current levels lower than the safety threshold are selected to form a set of safe and feasible schemes. S5. Select the final switching scheme from the set of safe and feasible schemes, track the voltage phase changes on both sides of the closing point in the final switching scheme, determine the time window of the phase synchronization point based on the phase changes, issue the closing operation command within the time window, and form the reconstructed power supply path.

[0008] Preferably, the acquisition of voltage waveforms and frequencies of the main power supply and the backup power supply includes: The voltage signals of the main power supply input terminal and the backup power supply input terminal are synchronously acquired by the multi-channel synchronous sampling unit to obtain synchronous raw voltage waveform data. The original voltage waveform data of the synchronization is assigned a unified time stamp to obtain waveform data with time stamp; Periodic features are extracted from time-stamped waveform data, and the features representing periodic changes are bound to the time scale to generate voltage waveforms and frequencies.

[0009] Preferably, the process of generating a panoramic view of the system state including real-time power supply phase information by fusing voltage waveforms, frequencies, and connection relationships includes: Based on voltage waveform and frequency, the zero-crossing points of each power supply voltage waveform are identified, and the absolute time of occurrence of the zero-crossing point is determined using a unified time scale, forming a zero-crossing point sequence with a time scale. Analyze the switch states and connection relationships to construct a network connection topology that reflects the connectivity of electrical nodes; The zero-crossing sequence with time stamps is mapped to the corresponding power access node in the network connection topology. By comparing the order of the zero-crossing times of different nodes, the real-time phase lead or lag state between power sources is determined, and a phase relationship topology layer is generated. By overlaying network connection topology and phase relationship topology layers, a panoramic view of the system status containing real-time power supply phase information is formed.

[0010] Preferably, the preliminary power supply path switching scheme set is generated based on the system status panorama, combined with the real-time load demand and available power capacity, including: The current power supply identifier and electrical connection path of the load node are extracted from the system status panorama, and the real-time demand of the load is correlated to identify the target load node whose demand exceeds the current available power capacity. The target load node is mapped to the backup power access point in the system status panorama. All feasible electrical connection paths are traversed according to the network connection topology. The current carrying capacity of each level of equipment in the path is verified according to the available power capacity, and candidate connection paths with qualified power supply capacity are selected. For each candidate connection path, real-time phase information of the path's starting and ending points is extracted from the phase relationship topology layer to determine the potential time window for phase synchronization, and a phase synchronization feasibility identifier is added to each path. All candidate connection paths with phase synchronization feasibility indicators are collected and sorted according to path length and phase synchronization window size to form a preliminary set of power supply path switching schemes.

[0011] Preferably, acquiring real-time phase information from the system state panorama includes: In the system status panorama, based on the backup power access point and target bus node in the preliminary power supply path switching scheme, locate the corresponding data source in the phase relationship topology layer. The feature sequence characterizing voltage periodic changes is extracted from the data source of the phase relationship topology layer, and this sequence is aligned with a unified system time base to form synchronized phase time series data; The synchronized phase timing data is analyzed to separate the timing components representing the backup power supply voltage phase and the timing components representing the target bus voltage phase, thereby obtaining real-time phase information.

[0012] Preferably, determining the voltage phase difference between the backup power supply and the target bus at the target time of the switching operation includes: Based on the estimated delay in command issuance and switching action in the preliminary power supply path switching scheme, the time coordinates of the target time on the unified system time base are calculated. At the time coordinate, the current values ​​of the time components of the backup power supply voltage phase and the target bus voltage phase are read respectively, and converted into angle representations within the same period; By comparing the angle representation of the backup power supply with that of the target bus, we can determine whether the backup power supply is ahead, behind, or synchronized, and quantify the angle difference corresponding to the relationship state to obtain the voltage phase difference.

[0013] Preferably, the step of determining the closing inrush current level for each scheme based on the voltage phase difference and network impedance parameters includes: The angular difference corresponding to the voltage phase difference is converted into an equivalent sinusoidal voltage difference amplitude value. Based on the network connection topology in the system status panorama, the electrical path from the backup power access point to the target bus is extracted, and the equivalent total impedance of the path is matched from the network impedance parameters. Based on the sinusoidal voltage difference amplitude and the equivalent total impedance, the maximum instantaneous current value that may occur at the moment of closing is determined by the correlation function. This value is the closing inrush current level.

[0014] Preferably, the selection of schemes with closing inrush current levels below a safety threshold to form a set of safe and feasible schemes includes: The closing inrush current level of each initial power supply path switching scheme is compared with the preset equipment withstand current threshold. Identify all schemes whose characterization values ​​are lower than the device's withstand current threshold, and remove schemes whose characterization values ​​exceed the threshold; The identified schemes are sorted from low to high according to their corresponding closing inrush current level characterization values, and compiled into a set of safe and feasible schemes.

[0015] Preferably, the step of selecting the final switching scheme from the set of safe and feasible schemes includes: The path length of each scheme in the set of safe and feasible schemes is compared with the phase synchronization window size, and the schemes are prioritized according to the principle of shortest to longest path and largest to smallest window to obtain the scheme priority sequence. Based on the priority sequence of the solutions, the solution with the highest priority is selected as the switching solution to be executed; The power supply path of the switching scheme to be executed is simulated in the system state panorama, and the real-time consistency of the current state and phase relationship topology of all switches in the path is verified to obtain the final switching scheme that has passed the verification.

[0016] Preferably, the step of tracking the voltage phase changes on both sides of the closing point in the final switching scheme and determining the time window for the phase synchronization point based on the phase changes includes: The real-time phase angles of the voltages on both sides of the closing point are synchronously obtained from the phase relationship topology layer, and an angle-time series with a unified time scale is formed. By continuously comparing the angle values ​​on both sides in the angle-time series, a sequence of instantaneous phase difference values ​​with time as the variable is obtained; Monitor the changes in the instantaneous phase difference value sequence. When the value first falls below the preset synchronization tolerance threshold, mark that moment as the start point of the time window. The instantaneous phase difference sequence is continuously monitored. When the value rises above the synchronization tolerance threshold for the first time after the starting point, the moment is marked as the end point of the time window. The time window is defined by the starting point and the end point.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. By collecting the voltage waveforms and frequencies of the main and backup power supplies, as well as the status and connection relationships of the distribution network switches, a panoramic view of the system status containing real-time phase information of the power supply is generated. This breaks the limitation of traditional switching that relies solely on voltage loss or frequency anomalies for triggering. From the generation of preliminary power supply path schemes, determination of target time phase difference, assessment and screening of closing inrush current levels, to the final scheme selection, phase synchronization window tracking, and issuance of closing commands, a closed-loop control process is formed. This avoids the risk of inrush current caused by forced closing due to excessive phase difference. It not only avoids the switching failure problem caused by the tripping of the backup power supply side circuit breaker, but also protects key equipment such as generator windings and transformers from mechanical stress damage and insulation degradation, ensuring the reliability of power supply switching for important loads and the long-term safe operation of the power supply system.

[0018] 2. By deeply integrating the core physical constraint of real-time phase synchronization into the closed-loop decision-making process from state awareness, scheme generation, safety assessment to precise execution, the feasibility of the final scheme set in both steady-state power supply capability and transient safety is ensured. Based on a dynamic synchronization strategy of prediction and real-time tracking, the reliance on fixed delays and crude criteria is reduced, improving the switching success rate and response speed under complex operating conditions. The entire process is logically rigorous, with each step's output interconnected, forming an intelligent reconfiguration mechanism that adapts to system state changes while balancing safety and reliability, significantly improving the resilience and operational level of the power supply system for critical loads. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for dynamic reconfiguration of dual power supply paths for critical loads, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0020] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0021] This application provides a method for dynamically reconfiguring dual-power supply paths for critical loads. The executing entity of this method includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following electronic devices that can be configured to execute the method provided in this application: a server, a terminal, etc. In other words, the method for dynamically reconfiguring dual-power supply paths for critical loads can be executed by software or hardware installed on a terminal device or a server device. The server includes, but is not limited to, a single server, a server cluster, a cloud server, or a cluster of cloud servers. The server can be a standalone server or a cloud server providing basic cloud computing services such as cloud services, cloud databases, cloud computing, cloud functions, cloud storage, network services, cloud communication, middleware services, domain name services, security services, content delivery networks (CDN), and big data and artificial intelligence platforms.

[0022] Reference Figure 1 The diagram shown is a flowchart illustrating a dynamic reconfiguration method for dual power supply paths for critical loads according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the dynamic reconfiguration method for dual power supply paths for critical loads includes: S1. Collect the voltage waveforms and frequencies of the main power supply and the backup power supply, obtain the switching status and connection relationship of the distribution network, and integrate the voltage waveforms, frequencies and connection relationships to generate a panoramic view of the system status containing real-time phase information of the power supply.

[0023] In this embodiment of the invention, the acquisition of voltage waveforms and frequencies of the main power supply and the backup power supply includes: The voltage signals of the main power supply input terminal and the backup power supply input terminal are synchronously acquired by the multi-channel synchronous sampling unit to obtain synchronous raw voltage waveform data. The original voltage waveform data of the synchronization is assigned a unified time stamp to obtain waveform data with time stamp; Periodic features are extracted from time-stamped waveform data, and the features representing periodic changes are bound to the time scale to generate voltage waveforms and frequencies.

[0024] Specifically, a two-channel synchronous sampling unit is used to connect to the main and backup power input terminals respectively. A 16-bit resolution sampling chip is selected, and sampling is performed at a rate of 10kHz. This rate is set according to the fundamental frequency of the power system voltage, which can completely capture waveform details. Sampling is triggered by the same source clock to avoid time difference between channels and directly obtain synchronized raw voltage waveform data. This is done to ensure the synchronization of dual power supply data and avoid deviations in subsequent phase analysis. The preset 10kHz sampling rate and 16-bit resolution are based on the needs of conventional power signal analysis and can balance data integrity and processing efficiency.

[0025] Specifically, a GPS timing module is used to provide a standard time signal, and the acquisition time of each sampling point is bound to the GPS time, assigning a unique timestamp with a precision of 1 microsecond. The GPS synchronization error is controlled within 50 nanoseconds, resulting in waveform data with time stamps. This is to establish data time correlation and ensure that the time dimension of data from different power sources is comparable. The 1 microsecond timescale accuracy is because the waveform changes rapidly during power failures, and it is necessary to accurately record the instantaneous state. This parameter was determined through power system data synchronization testing.

[0026] Specifically, waveform data with time stamps is extracted using a 20-millisecond time window and a 5-millisecond sliding step. The peak and valley values ​​of each waveform segment are identified, and the period length is determined by using 80% of the difference between the peak and valley values ​​as a threshold. The frequency is converted by the period length, and the waveform characteristics of each period are associated with the corresponding time stamp and stored to generate voltage waveform and frequency. This is done to extract the core periodic characteristics of the voltage and retain the time correlation. The 20-millisecond window corresponds to the 50Hz fundamental frequency period, the 5-millisecond step size takes into account both efficiency and integrity, and the 80% threshold can avoid misjudgment of small fluctuations. The parameters have been calibrated through multiple waveform tests.

[0027] Specifically, the on / off status of each switch is collected by the distribution network smart terminal at a period of 100 milliseconds, and the connection relationship is recorded by an adjacency matrix, where a matrix element 1 indicates that the switch is closed and a 0 indicates that it is open.

[0028] It should be noted that this setting can intuitively present the topology structure, integrate voltage waveforms, frequency data and connection matrix, determine real-time phase information by identifying the time difference of the peak occurrence of dual power supply voltage waveforms, and finally generate a panoramic view of the system status.

[0029] In summary, this solution integrates electrical parameters and network structure to provide a comprehensive basis for power supply path reconfiguration. The 100-millisecond acquisition cycle matches the voltage processing cycle, the adjacency matrix format facilitates computer recognition, and the phase information extraction method can accurately reflect the power supply synchronization status. This enables real-time linkage monitoring of power supply status and network structure, avoiding delays in reconfiguration decisions caused by information fragmentation.

[0030] In this embodiment of the invention, a panoramic view of the system state, including real-time phase information of the power supply, is generated by fusing voltage waveforms, frequencies, and connection relationships. Based on voltage waveform and frequency, the zero-crossing points of each power supply voltage waveform are identified, and the absolute time of occurrence of the zero-crossing point is determined using a unified time scale, forming a zero-crossing point sequence with a time scale. Analyze the switch states and connection relationships to construct a network connection topology that reflects the connectivity of electrical nodes; The zero-crossing sequence with time stamps is mapped to the corresponding power access node in the network connection topology. By comparing the order of the zero-crossing times of different nodes, the real-time phase lead or lag state between power sources is determined, and a phase relationship topology layer is generated. By overlaying network connection topology and phase relationship topology layers, a panoramic view of the system status containing real-time power supply phase information is formed.

[0031] Specifically, ±50mV was selected as the zero-crossing identification threshold. This threshold is derived from the routine noise level test of the power system voltage signal. It can filter out minor interference to avoid false identification, and will not miss the true zero-crossing point. The voltage waveform data with time stamps is traversed point by point. When the data changes from below -50mV to above 50mV or from above 50mV to below -50mV, the unified time stamp corresponding to the sampling point is recorded. All the recorded time stamps are sorted in chronological order to form a zero-crossing sequence with time stamps. This is done because the zero-crossing point is the core feature reflecting the voltage phase. Combining it with the unified time stamp can lock its absolute time, providing a basis for subsequent phase comparison. The ±50mV threshold was determined by calibration through multiple sets of noisy voltage waveform tests.

[0032] Specifically, the on / off state data of each switch is extracted. For example, the adjacency matrix dimension is preset to 64×64. This parameter is based on the maximum number of nodes in a typical important load distribution network and can cover most application scenarios. Each electrical node in the distribution network is numbered sequentially, and the rows and columns of the adjacency matrix correspond to an electrical node. If the switch between two nodes is in a closed state, the element at the corresponding position in the matrix is ​​set to 1, and if it is in an open state, it is set to 0. In this way, a network connection topology reflecting the connectivity of electrical nodes is constructed.

[0033] Specifically, the access electrical nodes of the primary power supply and the backup power supply are clearly defined, and the zero-crossing sequence with time stamps is mapped one by one to these two access nodes. A preset 10 microseconds is used as the phase judgment time difference threshold, which is determined based on the phase matching requirements of power supply switching for important loads.

[0034] Specifically, when the phase difference exceeds this value, it will affect the stability of the power supply. The zero-crossing time of the two nodes in the same period is extracted. If the zero-crossing time of the primary power supply access node is earlier than that of the backup power supply access node, it is determined that the primary power supply phase is leading. Otherwise, it is determined that the backup power supply phase is leading. This leading or lagging relationship is marked between the corresponding nodes to generate a phase relationship topology layer.

[0035] In summary, this approach transforms abstract phase information into intuitive topological relationships, providing crucial phase data for a comprehensive view of the system's state.

[0036] Specifically, the phase lead and lag of nodes in the phase relationship topology layer are marked and superimposed onto the same node positions in the network connection topology. Based on the adjacency matrix of the network connection topology, the phase relationship information between each power supply access node is supplemented, so that the final system state panorama containing real-time power supply phase information has both the connectivity information of electrical nodes and the real-time phase state information of each power supply.

[0037] In summary, this solution enables the integrated presentation of electrical connection status and power phase information. This overlay method allows staff or control systems to quickly obtain the complete information needed to reconstruct the power supply path, avoiding decision-making delays caused by viewing two types of information separately. This is because after overlay, there is no need to switch between different data for comparison. The connectivity and phase matching of alternative power supply paths can be directly judged based on the panoramic view, which greatly improves the efficiency and accuracy of dynamic reconstructing of power supply paths.

[0038] S2. Based on the overall system status map, combined with the real-time load demand and available power capacity, a preliminary set of power supply path switching schemes is generated.

[0039] In this embodiment of the invention, based on a comprehensive system status map and combined with real-time load demand and available power capacity, a preliminary set of power supply path switching schemes is generated, including: The current power supply identifier and electrical connection path of the load node are extracted from the system status panorama, and the real-time demand of the load is correlated to identify the target load node whose demand exceeds the current available power capacity. The target load node is mapped to the backup power access point in the system status panorama. All feasible electrical connection paths are traversed according to the network connection topology. The current carrying capacity of each level of equipment in the path is verified according to the available power capacity, and candidate connection paths with qualified power supply capacity are selected. For each candidate connection path, real-time phase information of the path's starting and ending points is extracted from the phase relationship topology layer to determine the potential time window for phase synchronization, and a phase synchronization feasibility identifier is added to each path. All candidate connection paths with phase synchronization feasibility indicators are collected and sorted according to path length and phase synchronization window size to form a preliminary set of power supply path switching schemes.

[0040] Specifically, the power supply number corresponding to each load node is extracted from the network connection topology of the system status panorama as the current power supply identifier. By tracing back along the matrix element 1 corresponding to the closed switch between nodes, a complete electrical connection path from the power supply to the load node is formed. The real-time load demand is collected by the load monitoring terminal at a 1-second cycle. This cycle is set according to the fluctuation characteristics of important load demand, which can capture demand changes in a timely manner.

[0041] Furthermore, the real-time demand of each load node is compared with the available capacity of the current power supply. A capacity redundancy threshold of 5% is preset. When the real-time demand of the load exceeds the available capacity of the current power supply and the excess reaches the threshold, it is identified as a target load node. The 5% threshold is to avoid power instability caused by near full load operation. This can accurately locate the loads that need to switch power supply and avoid indiscriminate processing that would lead to resource waste.

[0042] Specifically, the location of the target load node is located in the system status panorama, and the mapping is completed by associating it with the nearest backup power access point. A depth-first method is used to start from the backup power access point and traverse all electrical connection paths that can reach the target load node based on the closed switch path with element 1 in the network connection topology.

[0043] Specifically, the current carrying threshold of each level of line and switch is preset to 80% of its rated current carrying capacity. This threshold is derived from long-term safe operation tests of the equipment and can prevent the equipment from overheating and being damaged. The current carrying threshold of all equipment in each path is checked one by one to see if it is greater than the real-time demand of the target load. All paths that pass the check are retained as candidate connection paths. This can eliminate paths with overload risk and ensure power supply safety. The 80% current carrying threshold has been verified by multiple equipment overload tests to balance safety and power supply capacity.

[0044] Specifically, the real-time zero-crossing sequence of the starting point (backup power access point) and the ending point (target load node) of each candidate connection path is extracted. A preset phase difference allowable threshold of 10 microseconds is set. This threshold is determined based on the phase matching standard for power supply switching of important loads. If it exceeds the threshold, an inrush current will be generated. The zero-crossing time difference of the two in the same cycle is compared. When the time difference of two consecutive cycles is less than 10 microseconds, the time period is determined as the potential time window for phase synchronization. If the window exists, the feasibility of adding phase synchronization to the path is marked as available; otherwise, it is unavailable.

[0045] Specifically, all candidate connection paths marked as feasible for phase synchronization are collected. Through reliability testing, the path loss and switching success rate are balanced. The path length is weighted by 0.6 and the phase synchronization window size by 0.4. The paths are sorted according to the rule that the shorter the path length and the larger the phase synchronization window, the higher the score. The sorted paths are organized into a list to form a preliminary set of power supply path switching schemes.

[0046] In summary, this solution takes into account both the physical characteristics of the path and the phase matching conditions, ensuring minimal power loss after switching while improving the success rate of switching. It avoids the problem of an unreasonable solution due to a single-dimensional ranking, and greatly improves the practicality of the switching solution.

[0047] S3. For each scheme in the initial power supply path switching scheme set, obtain the real-time phase information in the system status panorama and determine the voltage phase difference between the backup power supply and the target bus at the target time of the switching operation.

[0048] In this embodiment of the invention, obtaining real-time phase information from the system state panorama includes: In the system status panorama, based on the backup power access point and target bus node in the preliminary power supply path switching scheme, locate the corresponding data source in the phase relationship topology layer. The feature sequence characterizing voltage periodic changes is extracted from the data source of the phase relationship topology layer, and this sequence is aligned with a unified system time base to form synchronized phase time series data; The synchronized phase timing data is analyzed to separate the timing components representing the backup power supply voltage phase and the timing components representing the target bus voltage phase, thereby obtaining real-time phase information.

[0049] Specifically, unique identifiers for backup power access points and target bus nodes are extracted from the initial power supply path switching scheme. The preset node identifier coding rule is an 8-digit decimal number, with the first 4 digits representing the distribution network area code and the last 4 digits representing the node sequence number. This rule originates from the standardized management requirements of distribution network nodes and has been verified by multiple distribution network projects of different scales to achieve unique node identification.

[0050] Specifically, in the phase relationship topology layer of the system state panorama, the corresponding zero-crossing sequence data sources are matched one by one based on this identifier. Each data source is associated with a unique node identifier to ensure matching accuracy. Furthermore, from the matched phase relationship topology layer data source, the zero-crossing sequence with time stamp of each node is extracted as a feature sequence characterizing the voltage periodic change. The preset time alignment error threshold is 5 microseconds. This threshold is determined based on the synchronization accuracy of the GPS timing module used by the system, which can ensure the accuracy of time alignment.

[0051] Furthermore, using the unified GPS time as a benchmark, the time stamp of each zero-crossing point in the feature sequence is compared with the GPS time. If the deviation exceeds 5 microseconds, the time stamp of the zero-crossing point is adjusted to match the GPS time, thus forming synchronized phase timing data.

[0052] Furthermore, the synchronized phase timing data is traversed, and the data is classified and filtered according to the node identifiers carried in the data. All data carrying backup power access point identifiers are integrated into one group to form a timing component representing the backup power voltage phase. All data carrying target bus node identifiers are integrated into another group to form a timing component representing the target bus voltage phase. The two groups of timing components together constitute real-time phase information.

[0053] In summary, this embodiment can clearly separate the phase data of two key nodes, providing a direct basis for determining the voltage phase difference between them. Furthermore, this separation method based on node identifiers can avoid confusion of phase data from different nodes, significantly improving data parsing efficiency. This is because node identifiers are unique, allowing for direct establishment of the correspondence between data and nodes without the need for additional screening and verification steps.

[0054] In this embodiment of the invention, determining the voltage phase difference between the backup power supply and the target bus at the target time of the switching operation includes: Based on the estimated delay in command issuance and switching action in the preliminary power supply path switching scheme, the time coordinates of the target time on the unified system time base are calculated. At the time coordinate, the current values ​​of the time components of the backup power supply voltage phase and the target bus voltage phase are read respectively, and converted into angle representations within the same period; By comparing the angle representation of the backup power supply with that of the target bus, we can determine whether the relationship is leading, lagging, or synchronous, and quantify the angle difference corresponding to the relationship to obtain the voltage phase difference. The difference in quantization angles is calculated using the following formula:

[0055] In the formula, To be at the target time Voltage phase difference; To be at the target time The phase angle of the backup power supply voltage is read; To be at the target time The phase angle of the target bus voltage is read.

[0056] It should be noted that the phase angle of the backup power supply voltage and the phase angle of the target bus voltage at the target time are both obtained from the current value of the corresponding time component read at the time coordinate of the target time, and then converted into the angle representation within the same period.

[0057] In summary, the quantitative angle difference formula is used to quantify the voltage phase difference between the backup power supply and the target bus at the target time, clearly showing the relationship between the two phases leading, lagging, or synchronizing, providing core quantitative basis for judging the feasibility of power supply path switching.

[0058] In general, as the difference between the angle values ​​of the backup power supply and the target bus increases, the voltage phase difference also increases; as the difference decreases, the phase difference decreases. When the angle values ​​of the two are completely equal, the voltage phase difference is zero, and the two are in phase synchronization.

[0059] Specifically, estimated values ​​for command issuance delay and switch action delay are extracted from the preliminary power supply path switching scheme. The preset command issuance delay is 20 milliseconds and the switch action delay is 80 milliseconds. These two parameters are derived from the response characteristic test of commonly used control equipment in the distribution network. The command issuance delay is determined through transmission tests of multiple monitoring systems, and the switch action delay is based on the statistics of the conventional action response time of high-voltage circuit breakers.

[0060] Specifically, the current time point of the unified system time reference is taken as the starting point, and the sum of the two delays is obtained to get the total delay. The time coordinate of the target time on the unified system time reference is determined by adding the starting point time to the total delay.

[0061] Specifically, at the determined time coordinates, the time-series components representing the phase of the backup power supply voltage and the time-series components representing the phase of the target bus voltage are retrieved. The preset voltage cycle reference is 360 degrees, which is a universal standard for power system phase representation.

[0062] Specifically, based on the time-stamped zero-crossing sequence in the time series components, the voltage period interval where the time coordinate is located is determined. Taking the most recent zero-crossing as the starting point of the period, the time interval between the time coordinate and the zero-crossing is calculated. According to the proportion of the time interval to a single voltage period, the current values ​​of the two time series components are converted into angle representations within the same period. This is done to ensure that the phase of the two components has a unified quantization dimension and to avoid comparison failure due to different phase representation methods. The 360-degree periodic reference has been verified by long-term application across the industry and can accurately reflect the voltage phase change pattern.

[0063] Specifically, the angle representation of the backup power supply is compared with the angle representation of the target bus. If the angle of the backup power supply is greater than that of the target bus, the backup power supply is determined to be ahead in phase; if it is less than that, it is determined to be lagging; if the two values ​​are equal, they are determined to be synchronized. The relationship is quantified by taking the absolute value of the difference between the two angle representations to obtain the voltage phase difference.

[0064] In summary, this solution fully considers the actual time consumption of command transmission and switching actions, making the target time highly consistent with the actual switching time. It can intuitively obtain the actual degree of phase deviation, providing a core basis for subsequent switching feasibility judgment. This method of combining delay to calculate the target time and then unifying the angle quantification can accurately capture the real phase state at the moment of switching execution, avoiding phase judgment deviation caused by ignoring device delay.

[0065] S4. Based on the voltage phase difference and network impedance parameters, the closing inrush current level corresponding to each scheme is obtained, and schemes with closing inrush current levels lower than the safety threshold are selected to form a set of safe and feasible schemes.

[0066] In this embodiment of the invention, the closing inrush current level corresponding to each scheme is obtained based on the voltage phase difference and network impedance parameters, including: The angular difference corresponding to the voltage phase difference is converted into an equivalent sinusoidal voltage difference amplitude value. Based on the network connection topology in the system status panorama, the electrical path from the backup power access point to the target bus is extracted, and the equivalent total impedance of the path is matched from the network impedance parameters. Based on the sinusoidal voltage difference amplitude and the equivalent total impedance, the maximum instantaneous current value that may occur at the moment of closing is determined by the correlation function. This value is the closing inrush current level. Among them, the amplitude of the sinusoidal voltage difference is a characterization quantity. Obtained through the following formula:

[0067] In the formula, It is a quantity representing the effective value amplitude of the voltage difference across the closing point; The system's nominal voltage; To be at the target time The voltage phase difference.

[0068] It should be noted that the nominal voltage of the system is the standard voltage value specified in the distribution network design stage, and the voltage phase difference at the target time is the angle difference obtained by comparing the angle representation of the backup power supply and the target bus at the target time and quantifying the relationship between the two.

[0069] In summary, the formula is used to obtain the effective value amplitude of the voltage difference on both sides of the closing point, which provides a core quantitative indicator for judging the safety of the closing operation when the power supply path is switched.

[0070] In general, when the nominal voltage of the system is fixed, as the voltage phase difference at the target time increases, the value is first halved and then the sine value is taken. The corresponding effective value amplitude of the voltage difference first increases and then decreases, reaching its maximum when the phase difference is 180 degrees and zero when it is 0 degrees.

[0071] Specifically, to obtain the voltage phase difference at the target time, the angle difference is first halved, and then a sine value is extracted from the halved result. The system nominal voltage is preset to the standard voltage value determined during the distribution network design phase. This value originates from the voltage level setting during the distribution network planning and meets the power supply requirements of important loads after verification by industry standards. The extracted sine value is correlated with the system nominal voltage and the product of the square root of two to complete the conversion of the angle difference to a sine voltage difference amplitude representation.

[0072] It is understandable that the angle difference cannot directly reflect the actual voltage difference on both sides of the closing point. After conversion, a quantified voltage difference can be obtained, which provides core voltage parameters for subsequent impact current calculation. The square root of two is introduced because there is a fixed proportional relationship between the peak value and the effective value of the sinusoidal voltage. This proportion is determined by the voltage characteristic test of the power system.

[0073] Specifically, based on the backup power access point and target bus node in the preliminary power supply path switching scheme, in the network connection topology of the system status panorama, along the connected path corresponding to the closed switch, all electrical equipment such as lines and switches on the path are identified one by one. The preset network impedance parameter library contains the basic impedance parameters of all equipment in the distribution network. The parameters are derived from the impedance test data of the equipment at the factory and have been verified and corrected through multiple actual operations. The impedance value of each electrical equipment identified from the parameter library is matched and the impedance is superimposed according to the series connection relationship of the equipment on the path to obtain the equivalent total impedance of the path.

[0074] This is because different power supply paths contain different devices with varying impedances. Only by accurately obtaining the equivalent total impedance of a path can the closing inrush current of that path be calculated precisely. The preset network impedance parameter library is designed to achieve rapid impedance matching and avoid delays in real-time measurement.

[0075] Specifically, the correlation between voltage and impedance is used as the core correlation function. The obtained sinusoidal voltage difference amplitude value is correlated with the equivalent total impedance of the path. The sinusoidal voltage difference amplitude value is divided by the equivalent total impedance, and the result is the maximum instantaneous current value that may occur at the moment of closing. This value is the closing impact current level.

[0076] In summary, the closing inrush current is determined by both the voltage difference at the closing point and the path impedance. This correlation between the two can directly quantify the inrush current level. Furthermore, the equivalent total impedance of different power supply paths differs, so even if the voltage difference is the same, the inrush current of different paths will be different. This approach, which combines path impedance and voltage difference, can avoid the deviation caused by judging the inrush current solely based on the voltage difference, and more accurately reflect the actual inrush current level, providing a reliable basis for subsequent safety screening.

[0077] In this embodiment of the invention, schemes with closing inrush current levels below a safety threshold are selected to form a set of safe and feasible schemes, including: The closing inrush current level of each initial power supply path switching scheme is compared with the preset equipment withstand current threshold. Identify all schemes whose characterization values ​​are lower than the device's withstand current threshold, and remove schemes whose characterization values ​​exceed the threshold; The identified schemes are sorted from low to high according to their corresponding closing inrush current level characterization values, and compiled into a set of safe and feasible schemes.

[0078] Specifically, the preset equipment withstand current threshold is 85% of the rated withstand current of the core switching equipment in the path. The rated withstand current is the ultimate carrying capacity of the equipment. A 15% redundancy is reserved to cope with instantaneous fluctuations in the power grid. The closing impact current level characterization value of each preliminary power supply path switching scheme is extracted one by one and compared with the threshold to determine whether the characterization value of each scheme is lower than the threshold.

[0079] Specifically, all preliminary schemes that have completed the comparison are marked. Schemes with a closing inrush current level characterization value lower than the equipment withstand current threshold are marked as "qualified", and schemes with a characterization value exceeding the threshold are marked as "unqualified". By traversing the preliminary power supply path switching scheme set, all schemes marked as "unqualified" are completely removed, and only schemes marked as "qualified" are retained.

[0080] Specifically, the closing impulse current level characterization value of each of the retained qualified schemes is extracted and arranged in order from low to high characterization value. If there are schemes with the same characterization value, they are further sorted in order from short to long according to the previously determined path length. All qualified schemes after sorting are organized into an ordered list and collected into a set of safe and feasible schemes.

[0081] In summary, the proposed solution can prioritize options with lower impact risk, facilitating the selection of the optimal switching path and significantly improving the efficiency of switching decisions.

[0082] S5. Select the final switching scheme from the set of safe and feasible schemes, track the voltage phase changes on both sides of the closing point in the final switching scheme, determine the time window of the phase synchronization point based on the phase changes, issue the closing operation command within the time window, and form the reconstructed power supply path.

[0083] In this embodiment of the invention, selecting the final switching scheme from a set of safe and feasible schemes includes: The path length of each scheme in the set of safe and feasible schemes is compared with the phase synchronization window size, and the schemes are prioritized according to the principle of shortest to longest path and largest to smallest window to obtain the scheme priority sequence. Based on the priority sequence of the solutions, the solution with the highest priority is selected as the switching solution to be executed; The power supply path of the switching scheme to be executed is simulated in the system state panorama, and the real-time consistency of the current state and phase relationship topology of all switches in the path is verified to obtain the final switching scheme that has passed the verification.

[0084] Specifically, the path length and phase synchronization window size of each scheme in the set of safe and feasible schemes are extracted. The preset path length is measured according to the number of electrical node connections contained in the path, and the closed connection of each adjacent node is counted as one length unit.

[0085] Specifically, all schemes are first arranged in order of path length from shortest to longest. Schemes with the same path length are then arranged in order of phase synchronization window size from largest to smallest, forming a scheme priority sequence. It can be understood that the shorter the path, the less power loss, and the larger the phase synchronization window, the higher the probability of successful switching. This scheme sorting principle can take into account both power supply economy and switching reliability. The preset length measurement method can avoid complex distance calculations and improve sorting efficiency.

[0086] Specifically, the top-ranked option is extracted from the priority sequence and identified as the switching option to be executed.

[0087] Furthermore, in the system status panorama, according to the power supply path of the switching scheme to be executed, all switch nodes on the path are located one by one, the current open / closed state of each switch is retrieved and compared with the state required by the scheme, and at the same time, the real-time phase information of the starting point and ending point of the path in the phase relationship topology layer is extracted and the consistency is verified with the phase synchronization feasibility identifier attached to the scheme.

[0088] Specifically, the preset verification interval is 10 milliseconds. This interval is set according to the switch status update cycle and can capture real-time changes in status in a timely manner. If all switch statuses and phase information are verified to be consistent, the verification is successful, and this scheme is the final switching scheme.

[0089] In summary, the simulation verification method in this embodiment combines real-time system status for secondary verification, avoiding the limitations of selecting a solution based on static data, ensuring the actual feasibility of the final solution, and significantly reducing the probability of failure during switching execution.

[0090] In this embodiment of the invention, tracking the voltage phase changes on both sides of the closing point in the final switching scheme, and determining the time window for the phase synchronization point based on the phase changes, includes: The real-time phase angles of the voltages on both sides of the closing point are synchronously obtained from the phase relationship topology layer, and an angle-time series with a unified time scale is formed. By continuously comparing the angle values ​​on both sides in the angle-time series, a sequence of instantaneous phase difference values ​​with time as the variable is obtained; Monitor the changes in the instantaneous phase difference value sequence. When the value first falls below the preset synchronization tolerance threshold, mark that moment as the start point of the time window. The instantaneous phase difference sequence is continuously monitored. When the value rises above the synchronization tolerance threshold for the first time after the starting point, the moment is marked as the end point of the time window. The time window is defined by the starting point and the end point.

[0091] In the formula, for The instantaneous phase difference at any given moment; The angular frequency of the backup power supply voltage; The initial phase angle of the backup power supply voltage; The angular frequency of the target bus voltage; The initial phase angle of the target bus voltage; and Obtained from voltage waveform and frequency. and Obtained from real-time phase information.

[0092] In the several embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed method can be implemented in other ways.

[0093] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention.

[0094] The embodiments of this application can acquire and process relevant data based on artificial intelligence technology. Artificial intelligence is the theory, method, and technology that uses digital computers or machines controlled by digital computers to simulate, extend, and expand human intelligence, perceive the environment, acquire knowledge, and use that knowledge to obtain optimal results.

[0095] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for dynamic reconfiguration of dual power supply paths for critical loads, characterized in that, The method includes: S1. Collect the voltage waveforms and frequencies of the main power supply and the backup power supply, obtain the switching status and connection relationship of the distribution network, and integrate the voltage waveforms, frequencies and connection relationships to generate a panoramic view of the system status containing real-time phase information of the power supply. S2. Based on the overall system status map, combined with the real-time load demand and available power capacity, generate a preliminary set of power supply path switching schemes. S3. For each scheme in the initial power supply path switching scheme set, obtain the real-time phase information in the system status panorama and determine the voltage phase difference between the backup power supply and the target bus at the target time of the switching operation. S4. Based on the voltage phase difference and network impedance parameters, the closing inrush current level corresponding to each scheme is obtained, and the schemes with closing inrush current levels lower than the safety threshold are selected to form a set of safe and feasible schemes. S5. Select the final switching scheme from the set of safe and feasible schemes, track the voltage phase changes on both sides of the closing point in the final switching scheme, determine the time window of the phase synchronization point based on the phase changes, issue the closing operation command within the time window, and form the reconstructed power supply path.

2. The method for dynamic reconfiguration of dual power supply paths for critical loads as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition of voltage waveforms and frequencies of the main power supply and backup power supply includes: The voltage signals of the main power supply input terminal and the backup power supply input terminal are synchronously acquired by the multi-channel synchronous sampling unit to obtain synchronous raw voltage waveform data. The original voltage waveform data of the synchronization is assigned a unified time stamp to obtain waveform data with time stamp; Periodic features are extracted from time-stamped waveform data, and the features representing periodic changes are bound to the time scale to generate voltage waveforms and frequencies.

3. The method for dynamic reconfiguration of dual power supply paths for critical loads as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The fusion of voltage waveforms, frequencies, and connectivity relationships generates a comprehensive system status map containing real-time power supply phase information, including: Based on voltage waveform and frequency, the zero-crossing points of each power supply voltage waveform are identified, and the absolute time of occurrence of the zero-crossing point is determined using a unified time scale, forming a zero-crossing point sequence with a time scale. Analyze the switch states and connection relationships to construct a network connection topology that reflects the connectivity of electrical nodes; The zero-crossing sequence with time stamps is mapped to the corresponding power access node in the network connection topology. By comparing the order of the zero-crossing times of different nodes, the real-time phase lead or lag state between power sources is determined, and a phase relationship topology layer is generated. By overlaying network connection topology and phase relationship topology layers, a panoramic view of the system status containing real-time power supply phase information is formed.

4. The method for dynamic reconfiguration of dual power supply paths for critical loads as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the system status overview, and combined with the real-time load demand and available power capacity, a preliminary set of power supply path switching schemes is generated, including: The current power supply identifier and electrical connection path of the load node are extracted from the system status panorama, and the real-time demand of the load is correlated to identify the target load node whose demand exceeds the current available power capacity. The target load node is mapped to the backup power access point in the system status panorama. All feasible electrical connection paths are traversed according to the network connection topology. The current carrying capacity of each level of equipment in the path is verified according to the available power capacity, and candidate connection paths with qualified power supply capacity are selected. For each candidate connection path, real-time phase information of the path's starting and ending points is extracted from the phase relationship topology layer to determine the potential time window for phase synchronization, and a phase synchronization feasibility identifier is added to each path. All candidate connection paths with phase synchronization feasibility indicators are collected and sorted according to path length and phase synchronization window size to form a preliminary set of power supply path switching schemes.

5. The method for dynamic reconfiguration of dual power supply paths for critical loads as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition of real-time phase information from the system state panorama includes: In the system status panorama, based on the backup power access point and target bus node in the preliminary power supply path switching scheme, locate the corresponding data source in the phase relationship topology layer. The feature sequence characterizing voltage periodic changes is extracted from the data source of the phase relationship topology layer, and this sequence is aligned with a unified system time base to form synchronized phase time series data; The synchronized phase timing data is analyzed to separate the timing components representing the backup power supply voltage phase and the timing components representing the target bus voltage phase, thereby obtaining real-time phase information.

6. The method for dynamic reconfiguration of dual power supply paths for critical loads as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Determining the voltage phase difference between the backup power supply and the target bus at the target time of the switching operation includes: Based on the estimated delay in command issuance and switching action in the preliminary power supply path switching scheme, the time coordinates of the target time on the unified system time base are calculated. At the time coordinate, the current values ​​of the time components of the backup power supply voltage phase and the target bus voltage phase are read respectively, and converted into angle representations within the same period; By comparing the angle representation of the backup power supply with that of the target bus, we can determine whether the backup power supply is ahead, behind, or synchronized, and quantify the angle difference corresponding to the relationship state to obtain the voltage phase difference.

7. The method for dynamic reconfiguration of dual power supply paths for critical loads as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method for determining the closing inrush current level for each scheme based on the voltage phase difference and network impedance parameters includes: The angular difference corresponding to the voltage phase difference is converted into an equivalent sinusoidal voltage difference amplitude value. Based on the network connection topology in the system status panorama, the electrical path from the backup power access point to the target bus is extracted, and the equivalent total impedance of the path is matched from the network impedance parameters. Based on the sinusoidal voltage difference amplitude and the equivalent total impedance, the maximum instantaneous current value that may occur at the moment of closing is determined by the correlation function. This value is the closing inrush current level.

8. The method for dynamic reconfiguration of dual power supply paths for critical loads as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The schemes selected with closing inrush current levels below the safety threshold form a set of safe and feasible schemes, including: The closing inrush current level of each initial power supply path switching scheme is compared with the preset equipment withstand current threshold. Identify all schemes whose characterization values ​​are lower than the device's withstand current threshold, and remove schemes whose characterization values ​​exceed the threshold; The identified schemes are sorted from low to high according to their corresponding closing inrush current level characterization values, and compiled into a set of safe and feasible schemes.

9. The method for dynamic reconfiguration of dual power supply paths for critical loads as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The selection of the final handover scheme from the set of safe and feasible schemes includes: The path length of each scheme in the set of safe and feasible schemes is compared with the phase synchronization window size, and the schemes are prioritized according to the principle of shortest to longest path and largest to smallest window to obtain the scheme priority sequence. Based on the priority sequence of the solutions, the solution with the highest priority is selected as the switching solution to be executed; The power supply path of the switching scheme to be executed is simulated in the system state panorama, and the real-time consistency of the current state and phase relationship topology of all switches in the path is verified to obtain the final switching scheme that has passed the verification.

10. The method for dynamic reconfiguration of dual power supply paths for critical loads as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method for tracking voltage phase changes on both sides of the closing point in the final switching scheme, and determining the time window for the phase synchronization point based on the phase changes, includes: The real-time phase angles of the voltages on both sides of the closing point are synchronously obtained from the phase relationship topology layer, and an angle-time series with a unified time scale is formed. By continuously comparing the angle values ​​on both sides in the angle-time series, a sequence of instantaneous phase difference values ​​with time as the variable is obtained; The system monitors the changes in the instantaneous phase difference sequence. When the value first falls below the preset synchronization tolerance threshold, the moment is marked as the start point of the time window. The system continuously monitors the instantaneous phase difference sequence. When the value first rises above the synchronization tolerance threshold after the start point, the moment is marked as the end point of the time window. The time window is defined by the start point and the end point.

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