Seed coating composition combining dyes and pigments

Abstract

The present invention relates to a seed coating composition comprising from 3 wt.% to 25 wt.% of a pigment and from 1 wt.% to 20 wt.% of a dye. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of said seed coating composition, to a seed coated with said coating composition, and to a method for coating a seed and improving the wear resistance of the coated seed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to: a seed coating composition comprising a specific amount of at least one pigment and a specific amount of at least one dye; seeds colored with said seed coating composition; a method for coating seeds with said seed coating composition; and a method for improving the abrasion resistance of coated seeds. Background Technology

[0002] Seeds are typically treated before sowing, such as by coating them with active ingredients (e.g., plant protection products). During seed treatment, transport of treated seeds, and sowing, coated seeds are subjected to various mechanical stresses that can damage the seed coating and lead to the loss of active ingredients. These losses can trigger the release of harmful substances into the environment, which have detrimental effects, particularly on human health. Furthermore, these losses reduce the ultimate efficacy of the active ingredients in the seed. The mechanical constraints applied to seeds before sowing also negatively impact their visual appearance.

[0003] Typically, pigments are added to seed coating compositions to ensure a good visual appearance of the treated seeds, where the seed surface is completely covered. Common seed coating compositions containing different kinds of pigments are known in the art, as disclosed, for example, in US 2017 / 0127670 A1, which describes different wax-dependent seed coating compositions. US2007 / 105717 discloses film coating compositions dependent on different colorant compositions containing pigments or dyes. However, under conditions of high abrasion, pigments are insufficient to provide a satisfactory visual appearance for the treated seeds.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to improve the abrasion resistance of treated seeds, especially the visual appearance of treated seeds after abrasion, while retaining the usual important characteristics of seed coating (low dust emissions, good flowability of treated seeds, and good plantability). Summary of the Invention

[0005] One object of the present invention is to provide a seed coating composition that ensures improved coverage of seeds even after abrasion, while maintaining desired seed coating properties such as water permeability, good abrasion resistance, low dust emissions, short drying time, good flowability and plantability, and low caking.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the abrasion resistance of coated seeds.

[0007] The inventors unexpectedly discovered that by advantageously combining pigments and dyes in specific amounts in the seed coating composition, it is possible to improve the color intensity of the seeds before and after abrasion, and to enhance abrasion resistance.

[0008] In particular, the inventors of this invention have discovered that a specific combination of pigments and dyes within the seed coating composition plays a crucial role in ensuring a good visual appearance of the treated seeds after treatment, thereby ensuring perfect seed coverage. When pigments are applied alone, the visual appearance of the treated seeds after abrasion is unsatisfactory. The mechanical constraints applied during abrasion testing significantly degrade the coating at the seed surface, resulting in suboptimal seed coverage. Compositions containing dyes (and not pigments) significantly improve the visual appearance of the seeds after abrasion, providing good seed coverage; however, the initial appearance of the seeds is unsatisfactory, especially the color intensity of the treated seeds.

[0009] The combination of specific amounts of pigments and dyes in the seed coating composition advantageously allows for the combination of these two benefits, resulting in a good visual appearance of the treated seeds before and after abrasion.

[0010] Therefore, in a first aspect, the present invention relates to a seed coating composition comprising at least one pigment and at least one dye, wherein the at least one pigment is present in an amount of 3 wt.% to 25 wt.% relative to the total weight of the seed coating composition, and the at least one dye is present in an amount of 1 wt.% to 20 wt.% relative to the total weight of the seed coating composition.

[0011] In a second aspect, the present invention relates to the use of the seed coating composition according to the first aspect for coloring and / or coating seeds.

[0012] In a third aspect, the present invention relates to a seed coated with the seed coating composition of the first aspect.

[0013] In a fourth aspect, the present invention relates to a method for coating seeds, the method comprising the step of coating seeds with a seed coating composition according to the first aspect.

[0014] In a fifth aspect, the present invention relates to a method for improving the abrasion resistance of coated seeds, the method comprising the step of coating seeds with a seed coating composition according to the first aspect.

[0015] In a sixth aspect, the present invention relates to a method for preparing a seed coating composition, wherein the method comprises the steps of: (i) combining at least one pigment and at least one dye, wherein the at least one pigment is present in an amount of 3 wt.% to 25 wt.% relative to the total weight of the seed coating composition, and wherein the at least one dye is present in an amount of 1 wt.% to 20 wt.% relative to the total weight of the seed coating composition; (ii) adding one or more bioactive ingredients; and (iii) adding water.

[0016] Therefore, the present invention is based on the following discovery: seed coating with a composition comprising a specific amount of at least one pigment and at least one dye according to the present invention produces two technical effects, namely, improved seed coating results and enhanced abrasion resistance, while maintaining the generally important characteristics of seed coating (low dust emissions, good flowability of treated seeds, and good plantability). Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 Color intensity and abrasion resistance markings for five seed coating formulations (F1-1, F1-2, F1-3, F1-4, and F1-5) applied together with fungicide slurry 1 to seed variety A.

[0018] Figure 2 Dust emissions from seeds treated with seed treatment slurry without seed coating formulations and seeds treated with three seed coating formulations (F1-1, F1-2, and F1-4) together with fungicide slurry 1 for seed variety A.

[0019] Figure 3 The flowability of seeds treated with seed treatment slurry without seed coating formulation and with three seed coating formulations (F1-1, F1-2, and F1-4) applied together with fungicide slurry 1 to seed variety A.

[0020] Figure 4 Color intensity and abrasion resistance markings of three seed coating formulations (F2-1, F2-2, and F2-3) applied together with fungicide slurry 1 to seed variety B.

[0021] Figure 5 Dust emissions from seeds treated with seed treatment slurry without seed coating formulations and seeds treated with three seed coating formulations (F2-1, F2-2, and F2-3) together with fungicide slurry 1 for seed variety B.

[0022] Figure 6 The flowability of seeds treated with seed treatment slurry without seed coating formulation and with three seed coating formulations (F2-1, F2-2, and F2-3) applied together with fungicide slurry 1 to seed variety B.

[0023] Figure 7 Color intensity and abrasion resistance markings of three seed coating formulations (F3-1, F3-2, F3-3) applied together with fungicide slurry 1 to seed variety A.

[0024] Figure 8 Dust emissions from seeds treated with seed treatment slurry without seed coating formulations and seeds treated with three seed coating formulations (F3-1, F3-2, and F3-3) together with fungicide slurry 1 for seed variety A.

[0025] Figure 9 The flowability of seeds treated with seed treatment slurry without seed coating formulation and with three seed coating formulations (F3-1, F3-2, and F3-3) applied together with fungicide slurry 1 to seed variety A.

[0026] Figure 10 Color intensity and abrasion resistance markings for two seed coating formulations (F4-1, F4-2) applied together with insecticide slurry 1 and fungicide slurry 2 to seed variety C.

[0027] Figure 11 Dust emissions from seeds treated with seed coating formulations F4-1 and F4-2, applied together with insecticide slurry 1 and fungicide slurry 2, for seed variety C.

[0028] Figure 12 The flowability of seeds treated with seed coating formulations F4-1 and F4-2, applied together with insecticide slurry 1 and fungicide slurry 2, to seed variety C, as measured by a texture meter.

[0029] Figure 13 The flowability of seeds treated with seed coating formulations F4-1 and F4-2, applied together with insecticide slurry 1 and fungicide slurry 2, to seed variety C was measured by a funnel test.

[0030] Figure 14 Plantability of seeds treated with seed coating formulations F4-1 and F4-2, applied together with insecticide slurry 1 and fungicide slurry 2, for seed variety C.

[0031] Figure 15 Color intensity and abrasion resistance markings for seven seed coating formulations (F5-1, F5-2, F5-3, F5-4, F5-5, F5-6, and F5-7) applied together with fungicide slurry 1 to seed variety D.

[0032] Figure 16 Dust emissions from seeds treated with seed treatment slurry without seed coating formulations and seeds treated with seven seed coating formulations (F5-1, F5-2, F5-3, F5-4, F5-5, F5-6, and F5-7) of seed variety D, together with fungicide slurry 1.

[0033] Figure 17 The flowability of seeds treated with seed-treated slurry without seed coating preparation and seeds treated with seven seed coating preparations (F5-1, F5-2, F5-3, F5-4, F5-5, F5-6, and F5-7) of seed variety D, applied together with fungicide slurry 1, was measured by a texture analyzer.

[0034] Figure 18 Plantability of seeds treated with seed treatment slurry without seed coating formulation and seeds treated with seven seed coating formulations (F5-1, F5-2, F5-3, F5-4, F5-5, F5-6, and F5-7) of seed variety D, together with fungicide slurry 1.

[0035] Figure 19 Color intensity and abrasion resistance markings for eight seed coating formulations (F6-1, F6-2, F6-3, F6-4, F6-5, F6-6, F6-7, and F6-8) applied together with fungicide slurry 1 to seed variety D. Detailed Implementation

[0036] In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a seed coating composition comprising at least one pigment and at least one dye, wherein the at least one pigment is present in an amount of 3 wt.% to 25 wt.% and wherein the at least one dye is present in an amount of 1 wt.% to 20 wt.% relative to the total weight of the seed coating composition.

[0037] The term "seed coating composition" refers to a composition that may be used to coat seeds after being combined with other compositions such as plant protection products, diluents such as water, and / or other bioactive ingredients such as phytonutrients or growth stimulants. Therefore, the term includes both compositions containing and not containing plant protection products.

[0038] As used herein, the term "seed" should be understood as the mature ovule of gymnosperms and angiosperms containing a plumule surrounded by a protective covering. In particular, the term covers cereal grains. The protective covering may include the seed coat (outer seed coat). Some seeds contain a hull or pericarp surrounding the seed coat. Specifically, when this layer adheres tightly to the seed, as in cereal grains, it is sometimes referred to as a caryopsis or achene. "Seed" can be a plant seed, such as the seed of crops, vegetable seeds, herbaceous plants, wildflower seeds, ornamental plants, grass seeds, tree seeds, or shrub seeds. Furthermore, the term "seed" includes, but is not limited to, any substance that can be cultivated in agriculture to produce plants, including pelleted seeds, true seeds, plant seedlings, rhizomes, regenerative and plant-forming tissues, and tubers or bulbs.

[0039] Preferably, the plant seeds are crop seeds. Seeds can be monocotyledons or dicotyledons. Suitable seeds include, but are not limited to, the following: soybeans, cotton, corn, peanuts, maize, wheat, barley, oats, rye, triticale, mustard, rapeseed (or low-erucic acid rapeseed), sunflower, sugar beet, safflower, millet, chicory, flax, rapeseed, buckwheat, tobacco, hemp seeds, alfalfa, signal grass, clover, sorghum, chickpeas, common beans, peas, wild peas, rice, sugarcane, and flaxseed. It also includes vegetable seeds such as asparagus, chives, celery, leeks, garlic, beetroot, spinach, beets, kale, cauliflower, baby cauliflower, crouton, white cabbage, red cabbage, kohlrabi, Chinese cabbage, turnip, endive, chicory, watermelon, cantaloupe, cucumber, baby cucumber, zucchini, parsley, fennel, peas, green beans, radishes, black ginseng, eggplant, sweet corn, popcorn, carrots, onions, tomatoes, peppers, lettuce, pod beans, cucurbitaceous plants, shallots, cauliflower, brassica, and Brussels sprouts.

[0040] Preferably, the plant seeds are capable of germination. Optionally, the seeds may be dehulled (so-called shelled seeds or hulled seeds). The seeds may be induced or uninitiated (treated to improve the germination rate, such as osmotic initiation, water initiation, substrate initiation).

[0041] The term "coating" should be understood as applying a material to the surface of a seed, such as as a layer of material surrounding the seed. Coating includes, but is not limited to, film coating, pelleting, end-capping, or combinations of these technologies, as known in the art. Film coating refers to a concentrated composition that can be diluted and formed into a slurry in which other components (such as agrochemicals) are added to create a "seed coating" which is then applied to the seed.

[0042] "Coating" preferably involves applying the composition to substantially the entire surface of the seed, such as 90% or more of the seed surface area, to form a layer. However, coating can be complete or partial, for example, about 80%, about 70%, about 60%, about 50%, about 40%, about 30%, about 20%, about 10% or less of the seed surface area.

[0043] As used herein, “about” means ± 5% of the specified value, preferably ± 2% and most preferably ± 1%.

[0044] In the context of this invention, "pigment" includes, but is not limited to, all kinds of pigments available in the art. Preferably, the pigment is selected from the group consisting of: Pigment Red 112 (CAS No. 6535-46-2), Pigment Red 2 (CAS No. 6041-94-7; 4-[(2,5-dichlorophenyl)diazepenyl]-3-hydroxy-N-phenyl-2-naphthocarbamate), Pigment Red 48:2 (CAS No. 7023-61-2; 4-[(5-chloro-4-methyl-2-sulfonylphenyl)diazepenyl]-3-hydroxy-2-naphthocarbamate calcium), Pigment Blue 15:3 (CAS No. 147-14-8; polyphthalocyanine copper), and Pigment Green 36 (CAS No. 143). 02-13-7; [1,3,8,16,18,24-hexabromo-2,4,9,10,11,15,17,22,23,25-decachloro-29H,31H-phthalocyanine(2-)-κ~2~N~29~,N~31~]copper), Pigment Green 7 (CAS No. 1328-53-6; [1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11,15,16,17,18,22,23,25-pentachloro-5,26-dihydro-29H,31H-phthalocyanine(2-)κ~2~N~29~,N~31~]copper) Pigment Yellow 74 (CAS No. 6358-31-2; 2-[(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)diazepine]-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxobutyramide), Pigment Yellow 1 (CAS No. 2512-29-0; 2-[(4-methyl-2-nitrophenyl)azo]-3-oxo-N-phenylbutyramide), Pigment Orange 5 (CAS No. 3468-63-1; 1-[(2,4-dinitrophenyl)diazepine]-2-naphthol), Pigment Orange 13 (CAS No. 3520-72-7; 4,4'-[(3,3'-diphenyl)diazepine]-2-naphthol), Pigment Orange 13 (CAS No. 3520-72-7; 4,4'-[(3,3'-diphenyl)diazepine]-2-naphthol), Pigment Yellow 13 (CAS No. 3520-72-7 ... Chlorinated biphenyl-4,4'-diyl)bisdiazepine-2,1-diyl]bis(5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one)), Pigment Violet 23 (CAS No. 6358-30-1; 8,18-dichloro-5,15-diethyl-5,15-dihydrocarbazo[3',2':5,6][1,4]oxazino[2,3-b]indolo[2,3-i]phenoxazine), Pigment Black 7 (CAS No. 97793-37-8), Pigment White 6 (CAS No. 98084-96-9), Pigment Red PR254 ...98084-30-1), Pigment Violet 23 (CAS No. 98084-96-9), Pigment Black PR254 (CAS No. 98084-96-9), Pigment Violet PR254 (CAS No. 98084-9 84632-65-5; diketopyrrolopyrrole), Pigment Blue 15:1 (CAS 12239-87-1), Pigment Blue 15:2 (CAS 12239-87-1), Pigment Yellow 184 (CAS 14059-33-7), Pigment Yellow 13 (CAS 5102-83-0), Pigment Yellow PY83 (CAS 5567-15-7), Pigment Orange 34 (CAS 15793-73-4) and combinations thereof.

[0045] The total amount (e.g., pigments) should be understood relative to the total weight of the seed coating composition.

[0046] The total amount of pigment ranges from 3 wt.% to 25 wt.% (% solids content).

[0047] In one embodiment, at least one pigment is present in an amount of 3.5 wt.% to 25 wt.%, for example 3.5 wt.% to 20 wt.%, or 3.5 wt.% to 10 wt.%.

[0048] In another embodiment, at least one pigment is present in an amount of 4 wt.% to 25 wt.%, for example 3.5 wt.% to 20 wt.%, or 3.5 wt.% to 10 wt.%.

[0049] In one embodiment, at least one pigment is present in an amount of 4.5 wt.% to 25 wt.%, for example 4.5 wt.% to 20 wt.%, or 4.5 wt.% to 10 wt.%.

[0050] The total amount of pigment can be in the range of 5 wt.% to 25 wt.%, particularly 5 wt.% to 20 wt.%, for example 5 wt.% to 15 wt.%, or even 5 wt.% to 15 wt.%.

[0051] In the context of this invention, "dye" as used includes, but is not limited to, all kinds of dyes available in the art. Preferably, dyes are selected from the group consisting of: anthraquinones and combinations thereof, triphenylmethane, phthalocyanines, their derivatives, nitro dyes, xanthones, acridine derivatives, pyronin derivatives, fluorescein, diazo derivatives, azazines, carotenoids, diarylmethane, thiazide derivatives, oxazines, triphenylmethane, coumarin, dibenzopyrene dione, nitrodiphenylamine, anthocyanins, quinoline, benzanthrone, azo derivatives, triarylmethane dyes, their derivatives, and / or combinations thereof. A derivative (e.g., xanthones) is a compound produced by a chemical reaction of a primary compound (e.g., xanthones), wherein one atom or group of atoms is substituted.

[0052] The “dye” used in this invention may be, for example, anthraquinone dyes, triphenylmethane dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, nitro dyes, fluorine dyes, azazine dyes, carotenoid dyes, diarylmethane dyes, thiazine dyes, oxazine dyes, triphenylmethane dyes, coumarin dyes, dibenzopyrene diketone dyes, nitrodiphenylamine dyes, cyanine dyes, quinolone dyes, benzanthrone dyes, triarylmethane dyes, and / or combinations thereof.

[0053] The total amount (e.g., of dyes) should be understood relative to the total weight of the seed coating composition.

[0054] The total amount of dye is in the range of 1 to 20% wt.%.

[0055] In one embodiment, at least one dye is present in an amount of 1.9 wt.% to 20 wt.% (e.g., 1.9 wt.% to 10 wt.%), preferably 2.5 wt.% to 20 wt.% (e.g., 2.5 wt.% to 10 wt.%), and particularly 3 wt.% to 20 wt.% (e.g., 3 wt.% to 10 wt.%).

[0056] In another embodiment, at least one dye is present in an amount of 4.9 wt.% to 20 wt.%, particularly 4.9 wt.% to 10 wt.%.

[0057] In another embodiment, at least one dye is present in an amount of 4.5 wt.% to 20 wt.% (e.g., 4.5 wt.% to 10 wt.%), particularly 5 wt.% to 20 wt.% (e.g., 5 wt.% to 10 wt.%), or 5.0 wt.% to 9.0 wt.%.

[0058] It has also been noted that using excessive amounts of dye, especially above the maximum amount mentioned above (20% wt.%), can lead to an excessive increase in viscosity (and is therefore detrimental) and a decrease in performance on the seeds.

[0059] The present invention particularly relates to a seed coating composition wherein pigments of any range as previously mentioned are combined with dyes of any range as previously mentioned.

[0060] In certain embodiments, the compositions according to the invention further advantageously comprise waxes. The waxes used in the invention may be selected from the group consisting of natural waxes, mineral waxes, and synthetic waxes, or combinations thereof. Preferably, the waxes are selected from the group consisting of polyethylene waxes, modified polyethylene waxes, polytetrafluoroethylene, fatty alcohols, ethoxylated fatty alcohols, carnauba wax, paraffin wax, polypropylene wax, oxidized polyethylene wax, lignite wax, microcrystalline wax, ceresin wax, peat wax, Fischer-Tropsch wax, amide waxes and derivatives, ethylene acrylate waxes, polyolefin waxes, ethylene bis-stearamide wax, beeswax, lanolin wax, sugarcane wax, palm wax, carnauba wax, and plant waxes. Mixtures of two or more waxes may also be present in the seed coating compositions. In preferred embodiments, the waxes are selected from the group consisting of polyethylene waxes, paraffin wax, Fischer-Tropsch wax, and plant waxes. The waxes may be anionic, nonionic, or cationic waxes.

[0061] According to the present invention, the wax may be present in a total amount of about 1% to 60% relative to the total weight of the seed coating composition.

[0062] Preferably, the total amount of wax relative to the total weight of the seed coating composition is in the range of 1 wt.% to 60 wt.%. In one embodiment, the total amount of wax is in the range of 1 wt.% to 5 wt.%. In one embodiment, the total amount of wax is in the range of 5 wt.% to 10 wt.%. In one embodiment, the total amount of wax is in the range of 10 wt.% to 15 wt.%. In one embodiment, the total amount of wax is in the range of 15 wt.% to 20 wt.%. In one embodiment, the total amount of wax is in the range of 20 wt.% to 25 wt.%. In one embodiment, the total amount of wax is in the range of 25 wt.% to 30 wt.%. In one embodiment, the total amount of wax is in the range of 30 wt.% to 35 wt.%. In one embodiment, the total amount of wax is in the range of 35 wt.% to 40 wt.%. In one embodiment, the total amount of wax is in the range of 40 wt.% to 45 wt.%. In one embodiment, the total amount of wax is in the range of 45 wt.% to 50 wt.%. In one embodiment, the total amount of wax is in the range of 50 wt.% to 55 wt.%. In another embodiment, the total amount of wax is in the range of 55 wt.% to 60 wt.%. In yet another embodiment, the total amount of wax is greater than 60 wt.%. In still another embodiment, the total amount of wax is less than 1 wt.%.

[0063] In another embodiment, the composition further comprises a thickener. In the context of this invention, suitable "thickeners" include, but are not limited to, agar, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, cellulose, carrageenan, chitosan, fucoidan, solanum, gum arabic, black privet, laminarin, locust bean gum, pectin, alginate, guar gum, xanthan gum, diutan gum, and tragacanth gum, bentonite, HEUR (hydrophobically modified, alkali-swellable emulsion) thickener, acrylic copolymer emulsions, and polyacrylates. Gum is generally preferred because of its low cost, availability, and excellent ability to enhance the physical properties of the resulting film. Preferably, the thickener is a water-soluble polymer.

[0064] According to the present invention, the thickener may be present in a total amount of about 0.05% to 10%.

[0065] In another embodiment, the composition further comprises an adhesive. The adhesive may be any suitable adhesive approved for agricultural use. A list of such suitable adhesives can be found in Title 40, Section 180.960 of the United States Federal Regulations (hereinafter referred to as 40 CFR 180.960). Approved adhesives included in that list are composed of one or more of the following monomers: acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, carboxyethyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, hydroxybutyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, and stearyl methacrylate; acrylic polymers not composed with the following monomers and / or with one or more of the following monomers: acrylamide, N-methylacrylamide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, N-octylacrylamide, maleic anhydride, maleic acid, monoethyl maleate, diethyl maleate, dibutyl maleate, monooctyl maleate, dioctyl maleate, and their corresponding sodium, potassium, ammonium, isopropylamine, triethylamine, monoethanolamine, and / or triethanolamine salts. Other suitable adhesives from this list include: copolymers of methyl vinyl ether with maleic anhydride or monoalkyl esters of maleic anhydride (e.g., from ISP's Agrimer® VEMA product line); polyvinylpyrrolidone; copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone with vinyl acetate (e.g., from ISP's Agrimer VA product line); copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone with vinyl alkyl groups (e.g., from ISP's Agrimer® AL product line); polyvinyl acetate; ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers (e.g., from Uniqema's Atlox® SemKote E product line); vinyl acetate acrylic copolymers (e.g., from Uniqema's Atlox® Semkote V product line); AB block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; ABA triblock copolymers of EO-PO-EO (e.g., from BASF's Pluronics® series); polyvinyl alcohol, styrene acrylic polymers, and vinyl acetate-tert-carbonate polymers. Suitable "adhesives" can be selected from the following groups: polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyurethane dispersions, anionic aliphatic polyester-polyurethane, polysaccharides, proteins, polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyacrylates.Suitable "adhesives" can also be selected from the following groups: starch-polyester alloys, starch and derivatives, starch-PCL blends; polylactic acid (PLA)-starch blends, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) copolymers; PCL, polyisoprene, polysaccharides, polygalactomannan (such as derived or non-derived guar gum), plant gums, proteins, gelatin, cellulose esters, cellulose fibrils, carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate, starch esters; starch ester-aliphatic polyester blends, modified corn starch, polycaprolactone, poly(n-amyl methacrylate), ethyl cellulose, rosin, polyanhydride, polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate (PHBV), biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB).

[0066] According to the present invention, the adhesive may be present in a total amount of about 1% to 60%.

[0067] In another embodiment, the composition further comprises a bioactive ingredient.

[0068] Of course, the amount of bioactive ingredient applied typically depends on the type of active ingredient used and the type of seed. However, generally, the amount of one or more active ingredients ranges from about 0.001 to 200 g / kg of seed. Those skilled in the art can determine the appropriate amount of active ingredient based on the type of active ingredient used and the type of seed. It is common practice for those skilled in the art to use and follow the recommendations of active ingredient suppliers (e.g., BASF, Bayer, Syngenta, Corteva), such as by using technical data sheets and / or following their recommendations.

[0069] In one embodiment, the bioactive ingredient can be any of the following: phytonutrients, growth stimulants, and plant protection products. According to the invention, the term "phytonutrient" includes any nutrient, such as micronutrients or macronutrients. As used herein, "nutrient" can refer to an additive or substance used, respectively, by plants, grasses, and shrubs for their growth. Macronutrients can be utilized by plants, grasses, etc., in greater quantities and proportionally greater amounts than micronutrients. Nutrients include, but are not limited to, manganese, boron, copper, iron, chlorine, molybdenum, and zinc, potassium, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and sulfur. The compositions of the invention can contain various combinations and relative amounts of macronutrients.

[0070] According to the present invention, the term "growth stimulant" includes biological additives (such as inoculum-type bacteria or fungi) and plant biostimulants. Plant biostimulants are generally components other than fertilizers that affect plant growth and / or metabolism when applied foliar or added to soil or seeds. Plant biostimulants generally belong to one of three categories: hormone-containing products, amino acid-containing products, and humic acid-containing products. Given their ability to, for example, increase growth rate, reduce harmful plant growth, enhance stress resistance, increase photosynthetic rate, and improve disease tolerance, plant biostimulants are used to treat crops in commercial settings.

[0071] According to the present invention, the term "plant protection product" (also known as PPP) includes fungicides, bactericides, insecticides, nematicides, molluscicides, biological agents, acaricides, miticides, pest control agents, herbicides, attractants, repellents, biocides, minerals, plant extracts, or pheromones.

[0072] Typical fungicides include captan ((N-trichloromethyl)thio-4-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboximide), thiram tetramethylthiodicarboxamide (commercially available as Proseed™), metalaxyl (methyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)-d,1-alanine ester), fludioxonil (4-(2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzo[2,2]dioxonyl-4-yl]-1-H-pyrrole-3-carboxynitrile; commercially available as a blend with mefonoxam as Maxim™ XL), difenoconazole (commercially available as Dividend™ 3FS), carbendazim iprodione (commercially available as Rovral™), styraclostrobin (commercially available as Rancon from Arista (formerly Agriphar or Chemitura)), and metalaxyl (commercially available as Apron™). The following fungicides are available commercially: XL (commercially available), tebuconazole, carbendazim, thiabendazole, azoxystrobin, prochloraz, prothioconazole (commercially available from Bayer as Redigo), fluoxastrobin (commercially available from Syngenta as Vibrance), cymoxanil (1-(2-cyano-2-methoxyiminoacetyl)-3-ethylurea), fludioxonil, metalaxyl-methyl (commercially available from Syngenta as Wakil), a mixture of cymoxanil and fludioxonil, and oxazon (N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-methoxy-N-(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)acetamide). The fungicides may be included in the seed coating composition in an amount of approximately 0.0001% to 10% of the total weight of the coated seeds.

[0073] Typical bactericides include streptomycin, penicillin, tetracycline, ampicillin, and oxaquine.

[0074] Typical insecticides include pyrethroids, organophosphates, carbamoyl oximes, pyrazoles, amitraz, halogenated hydrocarbons, neonicotinoids, and carbamates and their derivatives. Particularly suitable classes of insecticides include organophosphates, phenylpyrazoles, and pyrethroids. Preferred insecticides are those known as terbufos, chlorpyrifos, fipronil, oxychlorpyrifos, fenflurphos, carbofuran, imidacloprid, and butylpyrimiphos. Commercially available insecticides include imidacloprid (available as Gaucho™), thiamethoxam (available as Poncho™ from Bayer), thiamethoxam (available as Cruiser™ from Syngenta), thiamethoxam (available as Sonido from Bayer), cypermethrin (available as Langis® from Chemtura), methomyl (available as Mesurol from Bayer), and fipronil (available as...). Regent™ is available from BASF, chlorantraniliprole (also known as chlorantraniliprole, 5-bromo-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide, available as Coragen® from DuPont), and cyanantraniliprole (also known as cyanantraniliprole, 3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-4,-cyano-2,-methyl-6,-(methylcarbamoyl)pyrazole-5-carboxaniline).

[0075] Another class of insecticides includes RNAi (RNA interference) molecules, which have been shown to control insect pests, for example, after ingestion of specific RNAi molecules.

[0076] Commercially available nematicides include abamectin (available as Avicta™ from Syngenta) and thiamethoxam (available as Aeris™ from Bayer).

[0077] Typical molluscicides include polyacetaldehyde (available as Meta® from Lonza) or molluscicide (available as Bayluxcide® from Bayer), Cyazypir, and Rynaxypir (available from DuPont).

[0078] Examples of suitable "biological agents" include Bacillus spp., Trichoderma spp., Paenibacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacter spp., Azospirillum spp., and rhizobia (for nitrogen fixation), which have been identified as seed treatment materials for protecting plants and / or enhancing their health and / or productivity. The use of the seed coating compositions of the present invention can result in improved viability of these biological agents.

[0079] In some embodiments of the seed coating composition, a biocidal agent may be included, for example, as a preservative, to extend the shelf life of the seed coating composition before application to seeds (e.g., during storage). Examples of suitable biocides include MIT (2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one; CAS No. 2682-20-4), BIT (1,2-benzisisothiazolin-3-one; CAS No. 2634-33-5), CIT (5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one), a mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CAS No. 55965-84-9), bromonitol (2-bromo-2-nitro-propane-1,3-diol), and / or combinations thereof.

[0080] The above list is clearly not exhaustive; new active ingredients are being continuously developed and can be incorporated into seed coating compositions.

[0081] In another embodiment, the seed coating composition is an aqueous solution, emulsion, and / or dispersion. Preferably, the seed coating composition is an aqueous dispersion.

[0082] In a second aspect, the present invention relates to the use of the seed coating composition according to the invention for coloring and / or coating seeds.

[0083] As used in the context of this invention, “coloring” means applying a seed coating composition to substantially the entire surface of a seed, such as 90% or more of the seed’s surface area, to form a colored layer, the color of which depends on the pigments and dyes applied. However, coloring can be complete or partial, for example, about 80%, about 70%, about 60%, about 50%, about 40%, about 30%, about 20%, about 10%, or less of the seed’s surface area.

[0084] In a third aspect, the present invention relates to a seed coated with the seed coating composition of the first aspect. According to the above, the coating is applied to substantially the entire surface of the seed, such as 90% or more of the seed surface area, to form a coating layer. However, the coating can be complete or partial, for example, about 80%, about 70%, about 60%, about 50%, about 40%, about 30%, about 20%, about 10%, or less of the seed surface area.

[0085] In a particular embodiment, the seed is a crop seed, preferably a corn or soybean seed.

[0086] In a fourth aspect, the present invention relates to a method for coating seeds, the method comprising the step of coating seeds with a seed coating composition according to the first aspect.

[0087] As disclosed herein, "methods for coating seeds" refers to all conventional methods known in the art. That is, coating can be performed directly on the natural outer surface of the seed. However, the seed surface may have undergone prior surface treatment before the application of the seed coating composition. Such surface treatment may not require providing an artificial layer, but rather involve physical changes or modifications to a portion or the entire surface of the seed. For example, surface treatment may involve increasing surface roughness, such as by selectively removing a portion of the seed coat, selectively deforming the seed coat, or a combination thereof.

[0088] Seeds can be coated using conventional coating methods. Various coating machines are available in the art and are well known to those skilled in the art. Well-known techniques include, but are not limited to, drum coating machines, roller coating machines, fluidized bed technology, rotary coating machines, and spouted beds.

[0089] Typically, the amount of seed coating composition applied to the seeds can be in the range of about 0.3-30 g / kg of seeds, such as about 0.5-20 g / kg of seeds, or about 0.8-20 g / kg of seeds.

[0090] The seed coating composition is suitably applied to the seeds such that the ratio of the dried coating layer to the seeds is suitably in the range of 0.05 to 10:1, preferably 0.05 to 1.0:1, and even more preferably 0.05 to 0.5:1. The ratio may be 0.008:1 or 0.0001:1 by weight. In an example, the ratio of the dried coating layer to the seeds is 1 to 5:1. In an example, the ratio of the dried coating layer to the seeds is 2 to 4:1. In an example, the ratio of the dried coating layer to the seeds is 6 to 9:1. In an example, the ratio of the dried coating layer to the seeds is 7 to 8:1.

[0091] Seed coating compositions can be applied, for example, by film coating, spraying, dipping, or brushing. Optionally, they can be applied at temperatures ranging from -25°C to 50°C, for example -15°C to 35°C, and more often -10°C to 30°C, such as at room temperature, like 18°C ​​to 25°C. Preferably, the seed coating composition is applied to the seeds by film coating. Film coating can be suitably applied by spraying a liquid coating composition onto the seeds, typically when the seeds fall or flow through a coating device. Preferably, the method comprises film coating the seeds to apply the seed coating composition in the form of a film coating composition.

[0092] In one embodiment, the method of the fourth aspect includes the steps of: combining at least one (usually one) seed coating composition according to the invention with other components such as bioactive ingredients and / or water (preferably bioactive ingredients and water), possible phytonutrients, growth stimulants, and / or different seed coating compositions that are generally pigment-free, and finally applying the resulting composition to the seeds. Another option is to apply different products (at least one (usually one) seed coating composition according to the invention with other components such as bioactive ingredients and / or water (preferably bioactive ingredients and water), possible phytonutrients, growth stimulants, and / or different seed coating compositions that are generally pigment-free) directly to the seeds without any premixing of the seed coating composition with other components. As used in the context of this application, "premixing" means mixing the seed coating composition according to the invention with optional components before application to the seeds to be coated.

[0093] For both options, a flux powder can be applied as a dry powder to the seeds at the end of the process. Seed coating compositions can also be used in pelleting or shelling processes. In this case, large amounts of powder are added in parallel to increase seed volume and potentially alter their appearance.

[0094] In one embodiment of the method, one or more layers may be added to coat the seed or binder. The outer layers may be sequentially guided onto a rotating drum. In another embodiment, a binder or binder device may also be used. Coating is performed in a rotary coating machine by placing seeds into a rotating chamber that pushes the seeds against the inner wall of the chamber. Centrifugal force and a mixing rod placed within the coating machine cause the seeds to rotate and mix with the coating layers. The seed coating composition may be pumped approximately to the center of the coating machine onto an atomizer disc that rotates with the coating chamber. Upon impact with the atomizer disc, the liquid binder is then guided outwards onto the seeds in small droplets.

[0095] In one embodiment, seed coating technology includes, for example, including seeds in a rotating disc or drum. The seeds are then sprayed with water or another liquid, and a fine, inert powder (e.g., diatomaceous earth) is gradually added to the coating disc. Each atomized seed becomes the center of a mass of powder, layer, or coating with progressively increasing dimensions. The mass is then rounded and smoothed by tumbling within the disc, similar to pebbles on a beach. These coating layers are compacted by the weight of the material in the disc. Near the end of the coating process, a seed coating composition is often used to harden the outer layer of the mass. The seed coating composition can also reduce the amount of dust generated during handling, transportation, and sowing of the finished product.

[0096] In a fifth aspect, the present invention relates to a method for improving the abrasion resistance of coated seeds, the method comprising coating the seeds with a seed coating composition according to a first aspect of the invention.

[0097] In a sixth aspect, the present invention relates to a method for preparing a seed coating composition, wherein the method comprises the steps of: (i) combining at least one pigment and at least one dye, wherein the at least one pigment is present in an amount of 3 wt.% to 25 wt.% relative to the total weight of the seed coating composition, and the at least one dye is present in an amount of 1 wt.% to 20 wt.% relative to the total weight of the seed coating composition; (ii) adding one or more bioactive ingredients; and (iii) adding water.

[0098] The seed coating compositions of the present invention may further comprise, for example, surfactants such as wetting agents, dispersants, and / or emulsifiers. Surfactants can facilitate the mixing / emulsification / dispersion of wax and / or pigment particles, and / or filler particles, and / or effect pigment particles in the seed coating composition. Suitable surfactants include ionic and nonionic products, and include solutions of organically modified polyacrylates, sodium polyacrylates, EO / PO block copolymers, acrylic comb copolymers, ammonium polyacrylates, ethoxylated sorbitol esters, polyurethanes, phosphate esters, star polymers, and / or modified polyethers. Common surfactants include amphiphilic organic compounds, typically containing branched, linear, or aromatic hydrocarbons, fluorocarbons, or siloxane chains as tails and hydrophilic groups. Some types of surfactants include nonionic, anionic, cationic, and amphoteric surfactants, as well as organosilicon and organofluorine surfactants. Some examples of surfactants include polyoxyethylene glycol and polyoxypropylene ethers and esters, particularly their alkyl, aryl, and alkylaryl ethers, as well as sulfate, phosphate, and sulfonic acid compounds of such ethers; glucoside (alkyl) ethers; glycerol esters, such as alkyl and fatty acid esters; sorbitol (alkyl) esters; acetylene compounds; cocoamide compounds; and block copolymers of polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol. Other examples of surfactants include alkylamine salts and alkyl quaternary ammonium salts, such as betaine-type surfactants and amino acid-type surfactants; and polyols, fatty acid esters, particularly C12-C18 fatty acids, such as polyglycerol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, sorbitol, and sucrose; polyol alkyl ethers; fatty acid alkanolamides; and propoxylated and ethoxylated compounds, such as fatty alcohol ethoxylates, polyethoxylated tallow amines, and alkylphenol ethoxylates. Some examples of anionic surfactants include carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid copolymers, sulfates, sulfonic acid compounds, and phosphates, such as lignin sulfonates and (linear) alkylaryl sulfonates.

[0099] The composition may further comprise components selected from one or more of the following: fillers, effect pigments (e.g., mica), resins, solvents, one or more nutrients, biostimulants, defoamers, antifreeze agents, preservatives, and / or a second or more pigments and / or a second or more dyes.

[0100] The seed coating composition may further comprise one or more solvents other than water. The solvent may be selected from the group consisting of alcohols and hydrocarbons. Additionally, mixtures of solvents may be used. Preferably, the solvent is liquid at 20°C and 1 atm. Examples of suitable solvents include glycols and their esters and ethers, particularly ethylene glycol and propylene glycol and their esters and ethers, such as esters and ethers having Cj-Cg alkyl and / or aromatic groups, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, benzyl, and phenyl ethers, including monoethers and dialkyl ethers, and esters of these ethers, such as acetates; and esters of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, such as fatty acid esters; polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polypropylene glycol and their esters, especially fatty acid esters; butyl cellosolve, butyl carbitol, polyethylene glycol; N-methylpyrrolidone, glycerol, alkyl alcohols having up to 10 carbon atoms, such as ethanol, propanol, and butanol. Other examples of solvents include dipropylene glycol methyl ether and propylene glycol methyl ether. Ethyl glycol is an important solvent. Other examples include propylene tetramers and synthetic ester oils such as lactates, especially ethyl lactate, and benzoates, such as isopropyl benzoate or 2-ethylhexyl benzoate. Aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylene, aliphatic and paraffinic solvents, and vegetable oils can also be used as solvents.

[0101] Examples of suitable defoamers include mineral oil defoamers, silicone defoamers and non-silicone defoamers (such as polyethers, polyacrylates), dimethyl polysiloxanes (silicone oils), aryl alkyd-modified polysiloxanes, polyether siloxane copolymers containing film-like silica, and aqueous emulsions of polyorganosiloxanes. In some embodiments of the seed coating composition, the defoamer may be present in an amount of at least 1 ppm by weight, or about 0.1% to 1.0% by weight of the total seed coating composition.

[0102] The seed coating composition may further include an antifreeze agent. The antifreeze agent may be selected from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, hexanediol, diethylene glycol, and glycerol, wherein the preferred diols are ethylene glycol and propylene glycol and / or combinations thereof.

[0103] The seed coating composition may further contain nutrients. Nutrients may be selected from the following list: nitrogen, copper, zinc, manganese, magnesium, molybdenum, cobalt, sulfur, sodium, boron, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and iron.

[0104] The seed coating composition may further include fillers. The fillers may be selected from clay, graphite, silicates, kaolin, calcium carbonate, and titanium dioxide.

[0105] The seed coating composition may further comprise one or more effect pigments. Examples of suitable effect pigments include pearlescent pigments of varying particle sizes, particularly mica group minerals, metal oxides, metallic pigments, and TiO2-coated mica particles. Effect pigments with a particle size of 15 µm or smaller, or 60 µm or smaller, can be used. The particle size of the effect pigment is preferably no greater than 200 µm, more preferably no greater than 100 µm. Typically, the particle size of the effect pigment is 1 µm or larger. Another effect pigment may be aluminum. Effect pigments can be used to produce an attractive cosmetic effect on seeds.

[0106] The seed coating composition may further comprise a resin. The resin may be selected from the following list: wood resins, rosin acids, terpene resins, rosin acid derivatives, rosin resins, or rosin esters.

[0107] Furthermore, a second or more pigments may be included in the seed coating composition. That is, pigments of different colors may be used together, for example, in the context of this invention.

[0108] Furthermore, a second or more dyes may be included in the seed coating composition. That is, dyes with different coloring properties may be used together, for example, in the context of this invention.

[0109] Seed coating compositions for use in coating can be applied as liquid or aqueous compositions and / or emulsions and / or dispersions. Preferably, the coating is applied in the form of an aqueous dispersion. Example

[0110] Different compositions were combined with standard pesticide formulations and applied to seeds. The performance of the treated seeds was evaluated using the following standard tests: visual appearance of the treated seeds, abrasion resistance, visual appearance of the treated seeds after abrasion, dust emission (Heubach test), flowability of the treated seeds, and plantability of the treated seeds.

[0111] Example 1

[0112] Seed coating formulations were prepared according to the compositions detailed in Table 1. Seed treatment slurries were then prepared by magnetic stirring of the seed coating formulations (F1-1, F1-2, F1-3, F1-4, or F1-5) with water and fungicide slurry 1. The mixtures were prepared to obtain the following application rates to the seeds:

[0113] ●Seed coating preparation: 2 mL / kg seeds

[0114] ●Fungicide slurry 1:15 mL / 50,000 seeds

[0115] ●Water: Add to achieve a total of 13 mL / kg of seeds.

[0116] Different seed treatment slurries were applied to maize seeds of variety A (TKW = 279). Seeds were also treated without any seed coating formulations as a reference.

[0117]

[0118] Table 1: Composition of the formulation evaluated in Example 1

[0119] The color intensity of the treated maize seeds was visually recorded. The color intensity rating is a visual quantification of the color intensity of the treated seeds. The color intensity rating ranges from 0 (very light tinting) to 3 (intense red tinting). The abrasion resistance of the treated seeds was visually evaluated after applying strong mechanical stress (abrasion test). The treated seeds were introduced into glass flasks. The sealed flasks were then subjected to 3D rotation at 92 rpm for 10 minutes (Turbula apparatus). This abrasion test simulates the harsh processing conditions in the seed industry. The abrasion resistance rating is a visual quantification of seed cover quality after subjecting the seeds to the abrasion test. The abrasion resistance rating ranges from 0 (low abrasion resistance) to 3 (high abrasion resistance). Figure 1 The color intensity and abrasion resistance markings of five seed-coated formulations (F1-1, F1-2, F1-3, F1-4 and F1-5) applied together with fungicide slurry 1 are shown.

[0120] Seed coating formulation F1-1 exhibited satisfactory color intensity (labeled 2) but limited abrasion resistance (labeled 1). Adding red dye while removing the pigment improved the abrasion resistance of the treated seeds, but not enough to achieve good color intensity on the seeds (formulations F1-2 and F1-3). Adding a 7.0% w / w concentration of red dye while retaining some pigment in the formulation (formulation F1-4) significantly improved both the color intensity and abrasion resistance of the treated seeds, even at lower pigment concentrations than in seed coating formulation F1-1. Adding a lower dye concentration (2.8% w / w, formulation F1-5) still significantly improved abrasion resistance compared to formulation F1-1.

[0121] The dust emissions and flowability of the treated seeds were also assessed using the following methods. Dust emissions from the treated maize seeds were assessed using a Heubach dust meter. The Heubach test works as follows: the treated seeds are subjected to mechanical stress within a rotating drum. The drum is connected to a glass bottle and a filter unit. A vacuum pump generates an airflow through the rotating drum, bottle, and filter support unit. Due to this airflow, "heavy" particles are collected in the bottle, while fine particles are deposited on the filter. The Heubach dust value is calculated as the ratio of the weight difference of the filter unit before and after the test to the weight of the treated seeds. The test is performed twice, and the final result is the average of the two measurements, expressed as total dust / 100,000 seeds. The environmental settings for the Heubach equipment are as follows: rotation speed 30 rpm, rotation time 120 seconds, seed weight 100 g, and airflow rate 20 L / min.

[0122] The flowability of treated seeds was evaluated using a texture analyzer. A probe was immersed in a beaker filled with treated seeds, and the force required to remove the probe from the seeds was measured. This force, measured during the ascent, determined the seed's flowability. Lower forces indicated higher flowability of the treated seeds. The dust emission and flowability results for seeds treated with seed treatment slurries containing no seed coating formulation and those containing three of the five seed coating formulations (F1-1, F1-2, and F1-4) are presented respectively. Figure 2 and Figure 3 middle.

[0123] The three seed coating formulations and uncoated seeds showed comparable results in terms of dust emissions. The pigment-free, dye-only formulation (Formulation F1-2) exhibited better flowability than the others. Adding dye to the pigment-containing formulations had no effect on flowability (Formulation F1-4 was comparable to F1-1). The addition of dye significantly improved the color intensity and abrasion resistance of the treated seeds while maintaining similar levels of dust emissions and flowability. However, the addition of pigment is necessary for good seed coverage and strong color intensity.

[0124] Figures 1 to 3 The data from Example 1 show that adding dye to a composition containing only pigment significantly improves the color intensity and abrasion resistance of the treated seeds, while maintaining desired characteristics such as dust emission and flowability.

[0125] Example 2

[0126] Seed coating formulations were prepared according to the compositions detailed in Table 2. Seed treatment slurries were then prepared by magnetic stirring of the seed coating formulations (F2-1, F2-2, and F2-3) with water and fungicide slurry 1. The mixtures were prepared to obtain the following application rates to the seeds:

[0127] ●Seed coating preparation: 2 mL / kg seeds

[0128] ●Fungicide slurry 1:15 mL / 50,000 seeds

[0129] ●Water: Add to achieve a total of 13 mL / kg of seeds.

[0130] Different seed treatment slurries were applied to maize seeds of variety B (TKW = 272). Seeds were also treated without any seed coating formulations as a reference.

[0131]

[0132] Table 2: Composition of the formulation evaluated in Example 2

[0133] The color intensity of the treated maize seeds was visually recorded. The color intensity rating is a visual quantification of the color intensity of the treated seeds. The color intensity rating ranges from 0 (very light tinting) to 3 (intense red tinting). The abrasion resistance of the treated seeds was visually evaluated after applying strong mechanical stress (abrasion test). The treated seeds were introduced into glass flasks. The sealed flasks were then subjected to 3D rotation at 92 rpm for 10 minutes (Turbula apparatus). This abrasion test simulates the harsh processing conditions in the seed industry. The abrasion resistance rating is a visual quantification of seed cover quality after subjecting the seeds to the abrasion test. The abrasion resistance rating ranges from 0 (low abrasion resistance) to 3 (high abrasion resistance). Figure 4 The color intensity and abrasion resistance markings of three seed coating formulations (F2-1, F2-2, and F2-3) applied together with fungicide slurry 1 are shown.

[0134] Seed coating formulation F2-1 exhibited satisfactory color intensity (labeled 2) but limited abrasion resistance (labeled 1). Adding red dye while removing the pigment improved the abrasion resistance of the treated seeds, but not enough to achieve good color intensity on the seeds (formulation F2-2). Adding red dye while retaining the pigment in the formulation (formulation F2-3) significantly improved both the color intensity and abrasion resistance of the treated seeds, even at lower pigment concentrations than in seed coating formulation F2-1. Based on this example, we can conclude that the observed results are the same on two different seed batches.

[0135] The dust emissions and flowability of the treated seeds were also assessed using the following methods. Dust emissions from the treated maize seeds were assessed using a Heubach dust meter. The Heubach test works as follows: the treated seeds are subjected to mechanical stress within a rotating drum. The drum is connected to a glass bottle and a filter unit. A vacuum pump generates an airflow through the rotating drum, bottle, and filter support unit. Due to this airflow, "heavy" particles are collected in the bottle, while fine particles are deposited on the filter. The Heubach dust value is calculated as the ratio of the weight difference of the filter unit before and after the test to the weight of the treated seeds. The test was performed twice, and the final result is the average of the two measurements, expressed as total dust / 100,000 seeds. The environmental settings for the Heubach equipment were as follows: rotation speed 30 rpm, rotation time 120 seconds, seed weight 100 g, and airflow rate 20 L / min. The flowability of the treated seeds was assessed using a texture analyzer. A probe was immersed in a beaker filled with treated seeds, and the force required to remove the probe from the seeds was measured. This force, measured during the ascent, determines the seed's flowability. The lower the strength, the higher the flowability of the treated seeds. The results of dust emission and flowability of seeds treated with seed slurries containing no seed coating formulation and those containing three seed coating formulations F2-1, F2-2, and F2-3 are presented below. Figure 5 and Figure 6 middle.

[0136] The three seed coating formulations and uncoated seeds showed comparable results in terms of dust emissions and flowability. The addition of dye significantly improved the color intensity and abrasion resistance of the treated seeds while maintaining similar levels of dust emissions and flowability. However, the addition of pigment was necessary for good seed coverage and strong color intensity.

[0137] Figures 4 to 6 Data from Example 2 show that adding dye to a composition containing only pigment significantly improves the color intensity and abrasion resistance of treated seeds of Variety B, while maintaining desired characteristics such as dust emission and flowability.

[0138] Example 3

[0139] Seed coating formulations were prepared using two pigment dispersions with different color indices, according to the compositions detailed in Table 3. Seed coating formulations (F3-1, F3-2, F3-3) were then mixed with water and fungicide slurry 1 using magnetic stirring to prepare a seed treatment slurry. The mixtures were prepared to obtain the following application rates to the seeds:

[0140] ●Seed coating preparation: 2 mL / kg seeds

[0141] ●Fungicide slurry 1:15 mL / 50,000 seeds

[0142] ●Water: Add to achieve a total of 13 mL / kg of seeds.

[0143] Different seed treatment slurries were applied to maize seeds of variety A (TKW = 279). Seeds were also treated without any seed coating formulations as a reference.

[0144]

[0145] Table 3: Composition of the formulation evaluated in Example 3

[0146] The color intensity of the treated maize seeds was visually recorded. The color intensity rating is a visual quantification of the color intensity of the treated seeds. The color intensity rating ranges from 0 (very light tinting) to 3 (intense red tinting). The abrasion resistance of the treated seeds was visually evaluated after applying strong mechanical stress (abrasion test). The treated seeds were introduced into glass flasks. The sealed flasks were then subjected to 3D rotation at 92 rpm for 10 minutes (Turbula apparatus). This abrasion test simulates the harsh processing conditions in the seed industry. The abrasion resistance rating is a visual quantification of seed cover quality after subjecting the seeds to the abrasion test. The abrasion resistance rating ranges from 0 (low abrasion resistance) to 3 (high abrasion resistance). Figure 7 The color intensity and abrasion resistance markings of three seed coating formulations (F3-1, F3-2, F3-3) applied together with fungicide slurry 1 are shown.

[0147] Seed coating formulation F3-1 exhibited satisfactory color intensity (labeled 2) but limited abrasion resistance (labeled 1). The addition of red dye (formulations F-3-2 and F3-3) significantly improved the color intensity and abrasion resistance of the treated seeds, even at lower pigment concentrations than in seed coating formulation F3-1. We can conclude that the observed results are the same for different red pigment color indices (formulations F3-2 and F3-3 are comparable), and the positive effects of adding red dye to the red pigment dispersion are identical.

[0148] The dust emissions and flowability of the treated seeds were also assessed using the following methods. Dust emissions from the treated maize seeds were assessed using a Heubach dust meter. The Heubach test works as follows: the treated seeds are subjected to mechanical stress within a rotating drum. The drum is connected to a glass bottle and a filter unit. A vacuum pump generates an airflow through the rotating drum, bottle, and filter support unit. Due to this airflow, "heavy" particles are collected in the bottle, while fine particles are deposited on the filter. The Heubach dust value is calculated as the ratio of the weight difference of the filter unit before and after the test to the weight of the treated seeds. The test was performed twice, and the final result is the average of the two measurements, expressed as total dust / 100,000 seeds. The environmental settings for the Heubach equipment were as follows: rotation speed 30 rpm, rotation time 120 seconds, seed weight 100 g, and airflow rate 20 L / min. The flowability of the treated seeds was assessed using a texture analyzer. A probe was immersed in a beaker filled with treated seeds, and the force required to remove the probe from the seeds was measured. This force, measured during the ascent, determines the seed's flowability. The lower the strength, the higher the flowability of the treated seeds. The results of dust emissions and flowability of seeds treated with seed treatment slurries containing no seed coating formulation and those containing three seed coating formulations F3-1, F3-2, and F3-3 are presented below. Figure 8 and Figure 9 middle.

[0149] The three seed coating formulations and uncoated seeds showed comparable results in terms of dust emissions and flowability. The addition of dyes significantly improved the color intensity and abrasion resistance of the treated seeds while maintaining the same levels of dust emissions and flowability. The same levels of color intensity or abrasion resistance were achieved using pigment dispersions of Red 112 or Red 48:2.

[0150] Figures 7 to 9 Data from Example 3 show that adding dye to a composition containing only pigment significantly improves the color intensity and abrasion resistance of treated seeds of Variety A, while maintaining desired characteristics such as dust emission and flowability, regardless of the type of pigment.

[0151] Example 4

[0152] Seed coating formulations were prepared according to the compositions detailed in Table 4. Seed treatment slurries were then prepared by magnetic stirring of the seed coating formulations (F4-1, F4-2) with water, insecticide slurry 1, and fungicide slurry 2. The mixtures were prepared to obtain the following application rates to the seeds:

[0153] ●Seed coating preparation: 2 mL / kg seeds

[0154] ● Insecticide paste 1: 60 mL / 50,000 seeds

[0155] ●Fungicide slurry 2:1 mL / kg seeds

[0156] ●Water: Add to achieve a total of 13 mL / kg of seeds.

[0157] It is well known that pesticide slurries containing insecticide slurry 1 and fungicide slurry 2 produce a large amount of dust in the Heubach test. Different seed treatment slurries were applied to maize seeds of variety C (TKW = 318). Seeds were also treated without any seed coating formulations as a reference.

[0158]

[0159] Table 4: Composition of the formulation evaluated in Example 4

[0160] The color intensity of the treated maize seeds was visually recorded. The color intensity rating is a visual quantification of the color intensity of the treated seeds. The color intensity rating ranges from 0 (very light tinting) to 3 (intense red tinting). The abrasion resistance of the treated seeds was visually evaluated after applying strong mechanical stress (abrasion test). The treated seeds were introduced into glass flasks. The sealed flasks were then subjected to 3D rotation at 92 rpm for 10 minutes (Turbula apparatus). This abrasion test simulates the harsh processing conditions in the seed industry. The abrasion resistance rating is a visual quantification of seed cover quality after subjecting the seeds to the abrasion test. The abrasion resistance rating ranges from 0 (low abrasion resistance) to 3 (high abrasion resistance). Figure 10 The color intensity and abrasion resistance markings of two seed coating formulations (F4-1, F4-2) applied together with insecticide slurry 1 and fungicide slurry 2 are shown.

[0161] Seed coating formulation F4-1 exhibits satisfactory color intensity (marked 2) but limited abrasion resistance (marked 1). The addition of red dye (formulation F4-2) significantly improved the color intensity and abrasion resistance of the treated seeds, even at lower pigment concentrations than in seed coating formulation F4-1. The benefits of adding dye to the pigment dispersion have been confirmed in various phytosanitary product formulations.

[0162] Dust emissions, the flowability of treated seeds (using two different methods), and plantability were also assessed using the following methods. Dust emissions from treated maize seeds were assessed using a Heubach dust meter. The Heubach test works as follows: treated seeds are subjected to mechanical stress within a rotating drum. The drum is connected to a glass bottle and a filter unit. A vacuum pump generates an airflow through the rotating drum, bottle, and filter support unit. Due to this airflow, "heavy" particles are collected in the bottle, while fine particles are deposited on the filter. The Heubach dust value is calculated as the ratio of the weight difference of the filter unit before and after the test to the weight of the treated seeds. The test is performed twice, and the final result is the average of the two measurements, expressed as total dust / 100,000 seeds. The environmental settings for the Heubach equipment are as follows: rotation speed 30 rpm, rotation time 120 seconds, seed weight 100 g, and airflow rate 20 L / min.

[0163] The flowability of treated seeds was assessed using a texture analyzer. A probe was immersed in a beaker filled with treated seeds, and the force required to remove the probe from the seeds was measured. This force, measured during the ascent, determines the seed's flowability. The lower the force, the higher the flowability of the treated seeds. A second method for measuring flowability used a Niklas funnel test with a 50 mm diameter reducer. A pressure of 5 bar was applied to the seeds. 4 kg of corn seeds were placed in the funnel, and the amount of seeds falling over 1.5 seconds was weighed. The test was performed twice, with the valve closed for 20 seconds between each repetition.

[0164] The plantability of treated seeds was measured using a seeding tray. 1.5 kg of seeds were placed in the seeder. A corn seeding tray was used. The tray rotation speed (30 rpm) was selected according to the desired seeding density. Through image analysis, two cameras will provide the percentage of well-sown seeds, lost seeds, and replanted seeds on the seeding tray compared to the theoretical value (4000 seeds).

[0165] The results of dust emission, flowability by a texture analyzer, flowability by a funnel test, and plantability of seeds treated with seed treatment slurries containing seed coating formulations F4-1 and F4-2, respectively, are presented below. Figure 11 , Figure 12 , Figure 13 and Figure 14 middle.

[0166] Seeds treated with both seed coating formulations showed comparable results in terms of dust emissions, and were significantly superior to uncoated seeds. Seeds uncoated with any seed coating formulation or coated with F4-1 and F4-2 showed comparable results in terms of flowability as measured by a texture analyzer or funnel. Seeds coated with formulations F4-1 and F4-2 were equivalent in terms of plantability, and superior to uncoated seeds. The addition of dyes significantly improved the color intensity and abrasion resistance of the treated seeds while maintaining the same levels of dust emissions, flowability, and plantability. Coating formulations containing dyes and pigments achieved the same level of performance on seeds on two different phytosanitary formulations (including well-known formulations that produce high levels of dust) (Examples 3 and 4).

[0167] Figures 10 to 14 Data from Example 4 show that adding dye to a composition containing only pigment significantly improves the color intensity and abrasion resistance of treated seeds of Variety C, while maintaining desired characteristics such as dust emission and flowability.

[0168] Example 5

[0169] The seed coating formulations were prepared according to the composition detailed in Table 5. The seed coating formulations (F5-1 to F5-7) were then mixed with water and fungicide slurry 1 by magnetic stirring to prepare the seed treatment slurry.

[0170] Prepare the mixture to obtain the following application dosage rates to the seeds:

[0171] ●Seed coating preparation: 2 mL / kg seeds

[0172] ●Fungicide slurry 1:15 mL / 50,000 seeds

[0173] ●Water: Add to achieve a total of 13 mL / kg of seeds.

[0174] Different seed treatment slurries were applied to maize seeds of variety D (TKW = 297). Seeds were also treated without any seed coating formulations as a reference.

[0175]

[0176] Formula F5-8, containing 150 g / L red pigment and 350 g / L red dye, is too viscous at T0 (viscosity >> 1500 cP, Brookfield, 60 rpm, 20°C) and cannot be applied to seeds.

[0177] The color intensity of the treated maize seeds was visually recorded. The color intensity rating is a visual quantification of the color intensity of the treated seeds. The color intensity rating ranges from 0 (very light tinting) to 3 (intense red tinting). The abrasion resistance of the treated seeds was visually assessed after applying strong mechanical stress (abrasion test). The treated seeds were introduced into glass flasks. The sealed flasks were then subjected to 3D rotation at 20 rpm for 10 minutes (Turbula apparatus). The abrasion resistance rating is a visual quantification of seed cover quality after the seeds have undergone the abrasion test. The abrasion resistance rating ranges from 0 (low abrasion resistance) to 3 (high abrasion resistance). Figure 15 The color intensity and abrasion resistance markings of seven seed-coated formulations (F5-1 to F5-7) applied together with fungicide slurry 1 are shown.

[0178] Seed coating formulations F5-1 and F5-2, containing only dye, exhibited satisfactory color intensity (labeled 1.5 or 2) but limited abrasion resistance (labeled 1). Formulations F5-3 and F5-4, containing only pigment or with a limited concentration of dye (0.1% w), exhibited limited color intensity (labeled 1) and limited abrasion resistance (also labeled 1). Mixtures of red dye and pigment (formulations F5-5, F5-6, and F5-7) significantly improved the color intensity of the treated seeds and abrasion resistance when the amount of dye was sufficient. Comparison of the results obtained for F5-3, F5-4, and F5-5 indicates that adding dye at a concentration of at least 1%, particularly at least 1.9%, to the formulations has a significant positive effect. This experiment on a light-colored phytosanitary formulation (fungicide slurry 1) further confirms the benefits of adding dye to pigment dispersions.

[0179] The dust emissions, flowability through a texture analyzer, and plantability of the treated seeds were also evaluated using the method presented in Example 4.

[0180] The dust emissions, flowability, and plantability results of seeds treated with fungicide slurry 1 containing and without seed coating formulations F5-1 to F5-7 are presented in the following figures. Figure 16 , Figure 17 and Figure 18 middle.

[0181] Seeds treated with the seven seed coating formulations showed comparable results in terms of dust emissions. Seeds uncoated with any seed coating formulation or coated with formulations F5-1 to F5-7 showed comparable results in terms of flowability via a texture analyzer. Seeds coated with formulations F5-1 to F5-7 were equivalent in terms of plantability and were equivalent to uncoated seeds or naked seeds. The mixture of dyes and pigments added in the correct proportions significantly improved the color intensity and abrasion resistance of the treated seeds, while maintaining the same levels of dust emissions, flowability, and plantability.

[0182] Example 6

[0183] Seed coating formulations were prepared according to the compositions detailed in Tables 6 and 7. Seed treatment slurries were then prepared by mixing the seed coating formulations (F6-1 to F6-8) with water and fungicide slurry 1 using magnetic stirring.

[0184] Prepare the mixture to obtain the following application dosage rates to the seeds:

[0185] ●Seed coating preparation: 2 mL / kg seeds

[0186] ●Fungicide slurry 1:15 mL / 50,000 seeds

[0187] ●Water: Add to achieve a total of 13 mL / kg of seeds.

[0188] Different seed treatment slurries were applied to maize seeds of variety D (TKW = 297). Seeds were also treated without any seed coating formulations as a reference.

[0189]

[0190] Table 6: Composition of formulations F6-1 to F6-5 evaluated in Example 6

[0191]

[0192] Table 7: Composition of formulations F6-6 to F6-8 evaluated in Example 6

[0193] The color intensity of the treated maize seeds was visually recorded. The color intensity rating is a visual quantification of the color intensity of the treated seeds. The color intensity rating ranges from 0 (very light tinting) to 3 (intense red tinting). The abrasion resistance of the treated seeds was visually assessed after applying strong mechanical stress (abrasion test). The treated seeds were introduced into glass flasks. The sealed flasks were then subjected to 3D rotation at 20 rpm for 10 minutes (Turbula apparatus). The abrasion resistance rating is a visual quantification of seed cover quality after the seeds have undergone the abrasion test. The abrasion resistance rating ranges from 0 (low abrasion resistance) to 3 (high abrasion resistance). Figure 19 The color intensity and abrasion resistance markings of eight seed coating formulations (F6-1 to F6-8) applied together with fungicide slurry 1 are shown.

[0194] It can be observed (through) Figure 19 Seed coating formulations F6-2 to F6-4 exhibit good or even very good color strength and abrasion resistance. Formulation F6-1 exhibits poor performance in both color strength and abrasion resistance (both are labeled as 1), while formulation F6-2, with a higher amount of pigment (4% w / w instead of 1% w / w), exhibits better color strength and abrasion resistance.

[0195] It can also be observed that the seed coating formulations F6-6 and F6-7 showed good or even very good performance in terms of color strength and abrasion resistance, while the formulations F6-5 (5% pigment + 0.5% dye) and F6-8 (2% pigment + 2% dye) showed poor performance in terms of color strength or abrasion resistance (both parameters were marked as 1 (or even less than 1)).

[0196] All these examples demonstrate that the simultaneous presence of pigments and dyes, and the use of specific amounts of such pigments and dyes, are necessary to achieve good performance in both color intensity and abrasion resistance.

[0197] In particular, to obtain such good performance, a specific minimum amount of dye and pigment must be used, without using excessive amounts that would further lead to excessively high viscosity.

Claims

1. A seed coating composition comprising... - at least one pigment, and - At least one dye, The at least one pigment is present in an amount of 3 wt.% to 25 wt.% relative to the total weight of the seed coating composition, and The at least one dye is present in an amount of 1 wt.% to 20 wt.% relative to the total weight of the seed coating composition.

2. The seed coating composition according to claim 1, wherein, The at least one pigment is present in an amount of 3.5 wt.% to 25 wt.%, particularly 4 wt.% to 25 wt.%, for example 5 wt.% to 25 wt.% or 5 wt.% to 20 wt.% relative to the total weight of the seed coating composition.

3. The seed coating composition according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein, The at least one dye is present in an amount of 1.9 wt.% to 20 wt.%, preferably 2.5 wt.% to 20 wt.%, particularly 3 wt.% to 20 wt.%, for example 4.9 wt.% to 20 wt.%, or 4.9 wt.% to 10 wt.% relative to the total weight of the seed coating composition.

4. The seed coating composition according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein, The at least one dye is present in an amount of 4.5 wt.% to 20 wt.%, particularly 5 wt.% to 20 wt.%, for example 5 wt.% to 9 wt.%, relative to the total weight of the seed coating composition.

5. The seed coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, The pigments are selected from the following groups: Pigment Red 112, Pigment Red 2, Pigment Red 48:2, Pigment Blue 15:3, Pigment Green 36, Pigment Green 7, Pigment Yellow 74, Pigment Yellow 1, Pigment Orange 5, Pigment Orange 13, Pigment Violet 23, Pigment Black 7, Pigment White 6, Pigment Red PR254, Pigment Blue 15:1, Pigment Blue 15:2, Pigment Yellow 184, Pigment Yellow 13, Pigment Yellow PY83, and Pigment Orange 34 and combinations thereof.

6. The seed coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The dye is selected from the group consisting of: anthraquinones and combinations thereof, triphenylmethane, phthalocyanine, their derivatives, nitro dyes, xanthones, acridine derivatives, pyronin derivatives, fluorescein, diazo derivatives, azazine, carotenoids, diarylmethane, thiazine derivatives, oxazine, triphenylmethane, coumarin, dibenzopyrene dione, zirconia, nitrodiphenylamine, anthocyanin, quinoline, benzanthrone, and azo derivatives, triarylmethane dyes, their derivatives and / or combinations thereof.

7. The seed coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, The composition further comprises one or more of the following: adhesives, waxes, resins, solvents, thickeners, mica, defoamers, surfactants, antifreeze agents, one or more nutrients, biostimulants, fillers, biocides, and / or a second or more pigments, and / or a second or more dyes and / or combinations thereof.

8. The seed coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, The composition further comprises wax.

9. The seed coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, The composition further comprises a bioactive ingredient, preferably a phytonutrient, growth stimulant, or plant protection product, wherein the plant protection product is selected from the group consisting of: fungicides, bactericides, insecticides, nematicides, molluscicides, biological agents, acaricides, miticides, pest control agents, herbicides, attractants, repellents, biocides, minerals, plant extracts, or pheromones and / or combinations thereof.

10. The seed coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein, The seed coating composition is an aqueous solution, emulsion, and / or dispersion.

11. Use of the seed coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10 for coloring and / or coating seeds.

12. A seed, the coating of which is the seed coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

13. The seed according to claim 12, wherein, The seed is a crop seed, preferably a corn or soybean seed.

14. A method for coating seeds, the method comprising the steps of: The seeds are coated with the seed coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein, The method includes: The seed coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11 is combined with other components such as water and bioactive ingredients, and the resulting composition is then applied to seeds; or Without premixing, the seed coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10 is applied to the seeds along with other components such as water and bioactive ingredients.

16. A method for improving the abrasion resistance of coated seeds, the method comprising the following steps: Seeds are coated with the seed coating composition according to claims 1 to 10.

17. A method for preparing a seed coating composition, wherein, The method includes the following steps: (i) Combining at least one pigment and at least one dye, wherein the at least one pigment is present in an amount of 3 wt.% to 25 wt.% relative to the total weight of the seed coating composition, and wherein the at least one dye is present in an amount of 1 wt.% to 20 wt.% relative to the total weight of the seed coating composition; (ii) Add one or more bioactive ingredients; (iii) Add water.

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