Quick locking device, numerical control machine tool and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a quick locking device, a numerical control machine tool and a control method.The quick locking device comprises a supporting plate, a bearing shaft, an elastic piece and a connecting shaft, the bearing shaft is arranged on the front side of the supporting plate, the connecting shaft is arranged on the rear side of the supporting plate, and the connecting shaft is connected with a flange plate through a bearing; the flange plate is fixed to a motor mounting plate of a Z shaft of the numerical control machine tool, a contact bearing is arranged on the bearing shaft, and the elastic piece applies elastic force to the supporting plate so that the supporting plate can drive an outer ring of the contact bearing to make contact with a synchronous belt of a Z-shaft main shaft. And the front end of the supporting plate is clamped with a clamping piece at the top of a lead screw of the Z-axis main shaft under the force application of the elastic piece. According to the synchronous belt breakage protection device, the state of the synchronous belt can be monitored in real time, protection measures can be taken in time when the synchronous belt is broken, accidents are effectively prevented, and the safety of operators and equipment is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of CNC machine tools, and particularly to a quick locking device, a CNC machine tool, and a control method. Background Technology

[0002] A CNC machine tool is a modern machining equipment that precisely manipulates the movement of a machine tool through digital control commands. Using pre-programmed computer programs, it performs high-precision, high-efficiency cutting, drilling, milling, and other machining operations on workpieces made of metals, plastics, and composite materials. It is a core foundation of intelligent manufacturing and high-end equipment manufacturing.

[0003] Synchronous belts are a crucial component of the transmission system in five-axis machining centers, and their reliability directly impacts the machining accuracy and safety of the machine tool. However, due to prolonged exposure to alternating loads, improper installation, aging, and wear, synchronous belts are at risk of breakage. If a synchronous belt breaks, the spindle will lose power support and descend rapidly under gravity, potentially causing workpiece damage, tool breakage, and even endangering operator safety.

[0004] Protective measures against synchronous belt breakage mainly focus on regular inspection and replacement of the synchronous belt, lacking effective means to quickly prevent the spindle from dropping after the synchronous belt breaks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of existing synchronous belts that lack protective measures and equipment, and are prone to production accidents after breakage. The invention provides a rapid locking device, CNC machine tool and control method that can monitor the status of synchronous belts in real time and take timely protective measures when synchronous belts break, effectively prevent accidents and ensure the safety of operators and equipment.

[0006] The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical solution:

[0007] A quick-locking device for the Z-axis spindle of a CNC machine tool is characterized in that the quick-locking device includes a support plate, a bearing shaft, an elastic element, and a connecting shaft. The bearing shaft is located on the front side of the support plate, and the connecting shaft is located on the rear side of the support plate. The connecting shaft is connected to a flange via a bearing. The flange is fixed to the motor mounting plate of the Z-axis of the CNC machine tool. A contact bearing is provided on the bearing shaft. The elastic element applies a spring force to the support plate to cause the support plate to drive the outer ring of the contact bearing to contact the synchronous belt of the Z-axis spindle. In the state where the synchronous belt is not installed, the front end of the support plate engages with the locking member at the top of the lead screw of the Z-axis spindle under the force of the elastic element.

[0008] Preferably, the elastic element is a spring, one end of which is fixed to the connecting shaft and the other end is fixed to the bottom of the flange by a cotter pin. The spring is located below the flange and applies a torque to the connecting shaft to drive the support plate to turn towards the timing belt.

[0009] Preferably, the motor mounting plate is fixed to the Y-axis slide by screws and washers, the flange is fixed to the motor mounting plate by screws, the Z-axis motor is connected to the motor synchronous pulley, the motor synchronous pulley is located above the motor mounting plate, and the flange is located on one side of the motor synchronous pulley.

[0010] Preferably, the snap-fit ​​component includes a disc with two snap-fit ​​protrusions on its outer side. The snap-fit ​​component is fixed to the top of the lead screw synchronous pulley, the lead screw synchronous pulley is fixed to the lead screw, and the front end of the support plate is located on one side of the disc.

[0011] Preferably, the distance from the contact point of the contact bearing on the synchronous belt to the center of the lead screw synchronous pulley is greater than zero and less than half of the synchronous pulley spacing.

[0012] Preferably, the support plate is provided with a bearing shaft mounting hole, the bearing shaft mounting hole is strip-shaped, and the position of the bearing shaft in the mounting hole is adjustable; or, the support plate is provided with a miniature lead screw and a miniature lead screw female seat, the bearing shaft is disposed on the miniature lead screw female seat, and the miniature lead screw is used to adjust the position of the bearing shaft in the mounting hole.

[0013] Preferably, a strain sensor is embedded in the support plate, and the quick locking device is used to transmit deformation signals and bearing shaft position data to the control module of the CNC machine tool. The control module is used to input the deformation signals, position data, and timing belt usage time into the prediction model to predict the timing belt replacement time.

[0014] Preferably, the control module is used for:

[0015] The installation position of the bearing shaft is calculated based on the current replacement time, deformation signals, and position data.

[0016] After the bearing shaft is set to the latest installation position, the replacement time of the timing belt is predicted again based on the deformation signal, position data, and timing belt usage time.

[0017] Calculate the time difference between the two most recent replacement times. If the time difference is greater than a preset value, the step of calculating the bearing shaft installation position is executed again, and the calculated data is input into the prediction model for artificial intelligence training. If the time difference is less than a preset value, the step of calculating the bearing shaft installation position is executed again according to the preset time node, which is divided according to the duration of the replacement time.

[0018] The present invention also provides a CNC machine tool, characterized in that the CNC machine tool includes the quick locking device described above.

[0019] The present invention also provides a control method, characterized in that the control method is used to control the CNC machine tool as described above.

[0020] Based on common knowledge in the field, the above-mentioned preferred conditions can be combined arbitrarily to obtain various preferred embodiments of the present invention.

[0021] The positive and progressive effects of this invention are as follows:

[0022] This invention provides a synchronous belt breakage protection device that can monitor the status of the synchronous belt in real time and take timely protective measures when the synchronous belt breaks, effectively preventing accidents and ensuring the safety of operators and equipment.

[0023] Furthermore, the present invention can improve the operating status of the synchronous belt and further improve the machining accuracy of CNC machine tools. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the quick locking device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is another structural schematic diagram of the quick locking device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the CNC machine tool according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 This is another structural schematic diagram of the CNC machine tool according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the control method of Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will be further illustrated by way of embodiments below, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments described herein.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] See Figures 1 to 4 This embodiment provides a CNC machine tool.

[0032] The CNC machine tool includes a quick-locking device for the Z-axis spindle of the CNC machine tool.

[0033] The quick-locking device includes a support plate 100, a bearing shaft 101, an elastic element 102, and a connecting shaft 103.

[0034] The bearing shaft 101 is located on the front side of the support plate 100, and the connecting shaft 103 is located on the rear side of the support plate 100. The connecting shaft is connected to a flange 104 via a bearing.

[0035] The flange is fixed to the motor mounting plate 106 of the Z-axis of the CNC machine tool by flange screws 113, and a contact bearing 105 is provided on the bearing shaft.

[0036] The elastic element 102 applies elastic force to the support plate 100 so that the support plate 100 drives the outer ring of the contact bearing 105 to contact the synchronous belt 107 of the Z-axis spindle.

[0037] When the timing belt 107 is not installed, the front end of the support plate engages with the locking member 108 at the top of the lead screw 109 of the Z-axis spindle under the force of the elastic member.

[0038] The elastic element 102 is a spring, one end of which is fixed to the connecting shaft 103 by a spring screw 111 and the other end is fixed to the bottom of the flange by a cotter pin 110.

[0039] The spring is located below the flange, and the spring applies a torque to the connecting shaft that causes the support plate to turn toward the timing belt.

[0040] The motor mounting plate is fixed to the Y-axis slide 116 by screws and washers, and the flange is fixed to the motor mounting plate by screws.

[0041] The Z-axis motor 118 is connected to the motor synchronous pulley 117, which is located above the motor mounting plate. The flange is located on one side of the motor synchronous pulley.

[0042] The snap-fit ​​component includes a disc with two snap-fit ​​protrusions 114 on the outer side. The snap-fit ​​component is fixed to the top of the lead screw synchronous pulley 119, the lead screw synchronous pulley 119 is fixed to the lead screw 109, and the front end of the support plate is located on one side of the disc.

[0043] The distance from the contact point of the contact bearing on the synchronous belt to the center of the lead screw synchronous pulley is greater than zero and less than half of the synchronous pulley spacing.

[0044] The support plate contains a miniature lead screw and a miniature lead screw nut. The bearing shaft is mounted on the miniature lead screw nut, and the miniature lead screw is used to adjust the position of the bearing shaft in the mounting hole. In other embodiments, the support plate has a bearing shaft mounting hole, which is strip-shaped, and the position of the bearing shaft in the mounting hole is adjustable.

[0045] A strain sensor is embedded in the support plate, and the quick locking device is used to transmit deformation signals and bearing shaft position data to the control module of the CNC machine tool.

[0046] The control module is used to input deformation signals, position data, and synchronization belt usage time into the prediction model to predict the timing of synchronization belt replacement.

[0047] The control module is used for:

[0048] The installation position of the bearing shaft is calculated based on the current replacement time, deformation signals, and position data.

[0049] After the bearing shaft is set to the latest installation position, the replacement time of the timing belt is predicted again based on the deformation signal, position data, and timing belt usage time.

[0050] Calculate the time difference between the two most recent replacement times. If the time difference is greater than a preset value, the step of calculating the bearing shaft installation position is executed again, and the calculated data is input into the prediction model for artificial intelligence training. If the time difference is less than a preset value, the step of calculating the bearing shaft installation position is executed again according to the preset time node, which is divided according to the duration of the replacement time.

[0051] The bottom of the bearing shaft is provided with a shaft elastic retaining ring. The contact bearing is located above the shaft elastic retaining ring 112. The connecting shaft passes through the Z-axis anti-fall flange, two needle roller bearings, a gasket, and the shaft elastic retaining ring for fixation, and then passes through a spring.

[0052] The quick-locking device is used in conjunction with the anti-fall irregular plate (the disc) installed on the synchronous pulley at the Z-axis motor end.

[0053] When the quick-locking device is fixed to the Z-axis motor mounting plate, one end of the spring is secured to the connecting shaft by an internal hexagonal head screw and a washer, while the other end is held in place by a cotter pin. Under the action of force, the spring, through the connecting shaft, exerts a force on the anti-fall support plate inwards towards the synchronous belt. This force causes the deep groove ball bearing (contact bearing) to press firmly against the synchronous belt. When the synchronous belt rotates normally, the deep groove ball bearing rotates along with it.

[0054] When the timing belt breaks, the fall arrestor plate will quickly move inward due to the loss of the timing belt's restraining force. Figure 4 Rotating the screw (in the direction of the red arrow) will lock the rotating anti-fall plate, preventing it from continuing to rotate. The Z-axis lead screw will also stop working, and the spindle box and spindle connected to the Z-axis lead screw nut seat 120 will also stop moving. This solves the problem of the lead screw moving downwards under the weight of the spindle box and the internal spindle (approximately 350 kg), which could cause damage to the workpiece on the worktable and safety issues.

[0055] After the quick-locking device is assembled, it is fixed to the Z-axis motor mounting plate with four hexagon socket head cap screws. The Z-axis motor mounting plate is fixed to the Y-axis slide with hexagon socket head cap screws and washers. The Z-axis motor and the Z-axis motor end synchronous pulley are also fixed to the Z-axis motor mounting plate with hexagon socket head cap screws.

[0056] After the Z-axis synchronous pulley is installed on the Z-axis lead screw, the synchronous belt is installed, the anti-fall profile plate is installed, the gear cover plate is installed, and then it is fixed to the Z-axis synchronous pulley with four snap-fit ​​screws 115. In this way, the anti-fall profile plate and the synchronous pulley rotate together.

[0057] See Figure 5 Utilizing the aforementioned CNC machine tool and quick-locking device, this embodiment also provides a control method for a CNC machine tool, including:

[0058] Step S100: The quick locking device transmits deformation signals and bearing shaft position data to the control module of the CNC machine tool.

[0059] Step S101: The control module is used to input the deformation signal, position data, and synchronous belt usage time into the prediction model to predict the replacement time of the synchronous belt.

[0060] Step S102: Calculate the installation position of the bearing shaft based on the current replacement time, deformation signal, and position data;

[0061] Step S103: After the bearing shaft is set to the latest installation position, predict the replacement time of the timing belt again based on the deformation signal, position data, and timing belt usage time.

[0062] Step S104: Determine whether the time difference between the two most recent changes is greater than a preset value. If yes, proceed to step 105; otherwise, proceed to step 106.

[0063] Step 105: Execute step S102 again and input the calculated data into the prediction model for artificial intelligence training;

[0064] Step S106: Repeat step S102 according to the preset time nodes until the time is changed. The preset time nodes are divided according to the duration of the time change.

[0065] The aforementioned quick-locking device not only locks the synchronous belt quickly upon breakage but also predicts its lifespan using strain data from the support plate. This strain data allows for the determination of the synchronous belt's deformation, which can then be correlated with its service life. An artificial intelligence model can then be used to predict the synchronous belt's lifespan. Furthermore, different bearing shaft positions can increase the pressure on the synchronous belt and the contact area between the synchronous belt and the lead screw pulley, thereby improving the belt's performance and enhancing the Z-axis rotation accuracy.

[0066] While specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, those skilled in the art should understand that these are merely illustrative examples, and the scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims. Those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to these embodiments without departing from the principles and essence of the present invention, but all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A quick-locking device for a Z-axis spindle of a numerical control machine tool, characterized by, The quick locking device comprises a support plate, a bearing shaft, an elastic member and a connecting shaft, the bearing shaft is arranged on the front side of the support plate, the connecting shaft is arranged on the rear side of the support plate, the connecting shaft is connected with a flange plate through a bearing, the flange plate is fixed on the motor mounting plate of the Z-axis of the numerical control machine tool, a contact bearing is arranged on the bearing shaft, the elastic member applies an elastic force to the support plate to drive the outer ring of the contact bearing to contact the synchronous belt of the Z-axis main shaft, in the state that the synchronous belt is not installed, the front end of the support plate is clamped with the clamping piece on the top of the lead screw of the Z-axis main shaft under the elastic force of the elastic member.

2. The quick locking device of claim 1, wherein The elastic member is a spring, one end of the spring is fixed on the connecting shaft and the other end is fixed on the bottom of the flange plate through a split pin, the spring is arranged below the flange plate, and the spring applies a torsion to the connecting shaft to drive the support plate to turn to the synchronous belt.

3. The quick locking device of claim 1, wherein The motor mounting plate is fixed on the Y-axis slide through screws and gaskets, the flange plate is fixed on the motor mounting plate through screws, the Z-axis motor is connected with a motor synchronous pulley, the motor synchronous pulley is arranged above the motor mounting plate, and the flange plate is arranged on one side of the motor synchronous pulley.

4. The quick locking device of claim 3, wherein The clamping piece comprises a disc, two clamping protrusions are arranged on the outer side of the disc, the clamping piece is fixed on the top of a lead screw synchronous pulley, the lead screw synchronous pulley is fixed with the lead screw, and the front end of the support plate is arranged on one side of the disc.

5. The quick locking device of claim 1, wherein The distance from the contact point of the contact bearing on the synchronous belt to the center of the lead screw synchronous pulley is greater than zero and less than one half of the interval of the synchronous pulleys.

6. The quick locking device of claim 5, wherein A bearing shaft mounting hole is arranged on the support plate, the bearing shaft mounting hole is strip-shaped, and the position of the bearing shaft in the mounting hole is adjustable; or, a micro lead screw and a micro lead screw female seat are arranged in the support plate, the bearing shaft is arranged on the micro lead screw female seat, and the micro lead screw is used for adjusting the position of the bearing shaft in the mounting hole.

7. The quick locking device of claim 6, wherein A strain sensor is embedded on the support plate, the quick locking device is used for transmitting a deformation signal and position data of the bearing shaft to a control module of the numerical control machine tool, and the control module is used for inputting the deformation signal, the position data and the use time length of the synchronous belt into a prediction model to predict the replacement time of the synchronous belt.

8. The quick locking device of claim 7, wherein The control module is used for: calculating the installation position of the bearing shaft according to the current replacement time and the deformation signal and the position data; predicting the replacement time of the synchronous belt again according to the deformation signal, the position data and the use time length of the synchronous belt after the bearing shaft is arranged at the latest installation position; calculating the time difference between the latest two replacement times, if the time difference is greater than a preset value, the step of calculating the installation position of the bearing shaft is executed again, and the calculation data is input into the prediction model for artificial intelligence training, and if the time difference is less than the preset value, the step of calculating the installation position of the bearing shaft is executed again according to a preset time node, and the preset time node is divided according to the length of the replacement time.

9. A numerically controlled machine tool, characterized by comprising: The numerical control machine tool comprises the quick locking device according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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