Ridging anti-continuous cropping seedling raising method for traditional Chinese medicinal materials

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicinal material seedling raising, and particularly relates to a traditional Chinese medicinal material ridging continuous cropping-resistant seedling raising method, which comprises the following five steps: seed pretreatment and coating shell preparation, continuous cropping-resistant seedling raising substrate preparation, seedling raising land preparation and ridging, sowing and field management, and seedling transplanting. A coating shell is made of a biodegradable material, white seeds are embedded in a built-in cavity and sealed, the degradation period is 15-20 days, and the coating has the functions of bacteriostasis, stress resistance and nutrient slow release; according to the continuous cropping-resistant substrate, the organic raw materials, the breathable water-retaining raw materials and the modified raw materials are cooperated to enhance the adsorption and antibacterial effects; by means of the shell-seed integrated coating structure, the problems that a traditional coating is prone to falling off, single in function and unmatched in period are solved, the seed germination stability and the seedling stress resistance are improved, operation is easy, and the cost is controllable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of Chinese medicinal herb seedling technology, specifically relating to a method for raising seedlings of Chinese medicinal herbs by ridging to prevent continuous cropping. Background Technology

[0002] Seedling cultivation is a crucial link between seeds and field planting of Chinese medicinal herbs. The root development and stress resistance of seedlings directly determine the subsequent yield and medicinal component content of the herbs. With the increasing market demand for Chinese medicinal herbs and the scarcity of land resources, continuous cropping seedling cultivation is common. However, existing technologies have significant shortcomings in seed protection: Traditional seed coating technologies offer insufficient protection. Existing external seed coatings are loose and easily peel off, while film coatings only provide physical isolation. Neither type offers antibacterial, stress-resistant, or slow-release nutrient functions. Soil pathogens from continuous cropping can easily invade seeds, leading to damage to the radicle of emerging seeds and low germination rates. Seed germination lacks an independent protective unit, and the high concentration of pathogens in soil from continuous cropping exposes the radicle of emerging seeds to direct infection. Current technologies do not design specific protective structures for emerging seeds, relying solely on soil disinfection or substrate improvement, resulting in unstable protective effects. Existing seedling cultivation technologies for resistance to continuous cropping often optimize single aspects without synergistically integrating seed protection structures with substrate functions and ridging environments, making it difficult to block the harm caused by continuous cropping from multiple dimensions.

[0003] In summary, there is an urgent need for a method for raising seedlings of Chinese medicinal herbs in raised beds to resist continuous cropping, which combines an independent protective unit with a multifunctional seed coating shell structure, and forms a synergistic system with the substrate and raised beds. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned shortcomings in the existing technology, this invention provides a method for raising seedlings of Chinese medicinal herbs on raised beds to resist continuous cropping, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background technology.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for raising seedlings of Chinese medicinal herbs by ridging to prevent continuous cropping, characterized by the following steps: Step 1: Seed pretreatment and coating shell preparation. The medicinal herb seeds are soaked and germinated until they show white sprouts. A coating shell made of biodegradable material with an internal cavity for containing the seeds is prepared. The plump and undamaged white sprouted seeds are embedded into the cavity of the coating shell and then sealed to form an integrated shell-seed anti-replanting coated seed. The degradation cycle of the coating shell is 15-20 days. Step 2: Preparation of seedling substrate resistant to continuous cropping: Organic raw materials, breathable and water-retaining raw materials, and modified raw materials containing pathogen adsorption and beneficial bacteria growth promotion functions are mixed to prepare seedling substrate resistant to continuous cropping. Step 3: Prepare the seedling plot. Disinfect and fertilize the plot where the previous plant was not a Chinese medicinal herb. Form a highly breathable and low-water-accumulation planting ridge by ridging. Lay the anti-replanting seedling substrate on the planting area of ​​the planting ridge. Step 4: Start sowing. Sow the integrated anti-replanting coated seeds in the anti-replanting seedling substrate on the planting ridge. After planting, cover the ridge, regulate water and fertilizer, and control diseases to achieve anti-replanting protection. Step 5: Seedling transplanting. Before transplanting, seedlings should undergo gradient environmental adaptation training.

[0006] Further, in step 1, the coating shell preparation involves mixing the anti-replanting microbial agent and the stress-resistant coating agent at a weight ratio of 1:0.4 to 0.6, adding 20 to 30% water and 5 to 8% seaweed gum as a binder, stirring into a plastic slurry, pressing it into a shell with a reserved cavity using a mold, and drying it. The anti-replanting agent is Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus spp., with a live bacteria weight ratio of 1.5 to 2.5:1. The stress-resistant coating agent is composed of 30 to 45% trehalose, 20 to 25% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 15 to 20% humic acid, and 5 to 10% ammonium molybdate. In step 1, the sealing is achieved by using a sealing slurry to seal the shell after the seed is embedded. The sealing slurry is made by mixing seaweed gum, water, and potassium humate in a weight ratio of 1:3-4:0.3-0.5.

[0007] Furthermore, the specific process for soaking and germinating seeds in step 1 is as follows: soak the seeds in warm water at 35-45℃ for 5-7 hours, stirring once every 1.5-2.5 hours during the soaking period. After soaking, wrap the seeds in a sterile damp cloth and place them in a constant temperature environment at 23-28℃ to germinate. Take them out when more than 70% of the seeds show signs of germination.

[0008] Furthermore, the raw materials of the anti-replanting seedling substrate mentioned in step 2, by weight percentage, include 35-45% organic raw materials, 25-30% humus, 18-27% breathable and water-retaining raw materials, 5-8% well-rotted manure, and 3-5% functional modified raw materials; wherein the organic raw materials are well-rotted legume straw, the breathable and water-retaining raw materials include expanded vermiculite and perlite, and the functional modified raw materials include bamboo charcoal powder and anti-replanting functional powder, wherein the bamboo charcoal powder has a particle size of 0.5-2mm and an iodine adsorption value ≥900mg / g; the preparation of the anti-replanting seedling substrate also includes disinfection and composting, the disinfection is carried out by spraying with 800 times diluted carbendazim wettable powder; composting for 7-10 days, during which the compost is turned over every 2-3 days.

[0009] Furthermore, the anti-replanting functional powder accounts for 1.2-1.8% of the total weight of the anti-replanting seedling substrate and is composed of the following raw materials: 15-20% chitosan, 40-45% montmorillonite, 20-25% potassium humate, 8-12% allicin, and 0.2-0.5% brassinolide.

[0010] Furthermore, the specific land disinfection and fertility conditioning steps in step 3 include deep plowing of the land to a depth of 30-35 cm, spreading 70-90 kg of quicklime per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), rotary tilling to mix the quicklime, and then drying it for 10-12 days. After drying, apply 1500-3000 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure and 100-200 kg of bio-organic fertilizer per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). The organic matter content of the well-rotted farmyard manure is ≥35%, and the well-rotted farmyard manure is one or more of the well-rotted cattle, sheep, chicken, and rabbit manure. The effective viable bacteria count of the bio-organic fertilizer is ≥2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, rotary till 20-25cm to fully integrate the fertilizer with the soil, then level the plot.

[0011] Furthermore, in step 3, the specific operation of ridging is as follows: the ridge height is 30-40cm, the ridge width is 60-70cm, and the ridge spacing is 45-50cm; the planting area is a parallel planting trench dug on the ridge surface; the thickness of the anti-replanting seedling substrate in the planting trench is 2-3cm, and it is gently compacted after being laid.

[0012] Furthermore, step 4, the ridge covering after planting includes covering the ridge surface with 6-10cm thick layer of disinfected chopped straw after sowing. The disinfected chopped straw is soaked in carbendazim wettable powder solution and then dried. A shade net is then covered on the disinfected chopped straw and fixed with a support frame.

[0013] Furthermore, in step 4, water and fertilizer management includes maintaining the substrate moisture content at 40-45% before emergence, watering every 5-7 days after emergence, and applying diluted humic acid water-soluble fertilizer per acre in conjunction with watering; when the seedlings have 3-4 true leaves, spray the leaves once with a mixed diluted solution of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.15% anti-replanting functional powder, with the weight ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to anti-replanting functional powder in the mixed diluted solution being 100:1.0-1.5.

[0014] Furthermore, step 4 includes disease and pest control, biological regulation, and soil-borne diseases. For disease and pest control, a 0.3% matrine aqueous solution is sprayed twice consecutively, with an interval of 5-7 days. For biological regulation, a compound biological solution is sprayed every 7-10 days during the seedling stage, for 2-3 consecutive applications. This compound biological solution contains Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum. For soil-borne disease control, at the initial stage of disease detection, seedlings are treated with a root drench using a hymexazol aqueous solution. Step 5 includes gradient environmental adaptation training: 8-12 days before transplanting, for days 1-3, 1 / 3 of the shade net is removed and ventilation is provided for 2 hours daily; for days 4-6, 2 / 3 of the shade net is removed and ventilation is provided for 3 hours daily; from day 7 onwards, the shade net is completely removed and watering frequency is reduced.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. This invention solves the problems of traditional coatings being easy to fall off, having limited functions, and having mismatched cycles by using an integrated shell-seed coating structure; the independent cavity builds a physical isolation barrier for the emerging seeds, and the compound antibacterial components and nutrient slow-release function work synergistically, with a controllable degradation cycle of 15 to 20 days that is precisely adapted to the entire stage from seed germination to seedling stress resistance, effectively blocking the infection of soil pathogens from continuous cropping, significantly reducing the risk of radicle damage, and ensuring the stability of seed germination and early seedling growth; 2. Through a multi-dimensional synergistic system of internal protection of the coating shell, external adsorption of the functional matrix, physical regulation of the ridging environment, and dynamic management of the seedling stage, a three-dimensional anti-replanting protection network is formed; the release of bacteria and inhibition of bacteria by the coating shell, adsorption of toxins by the matrix, temperature and humidity control during ridging, and precise management during the seedling stage work together to block the harm of replanting at multiple stages, which not only improves the quality of seedling root development, but also enhances the overall stress resistance. 3. The coating shell is mass-produced using molds, and the raw materials are conventional agricultural materials or agricultural waste, which are cost-controllable and readily available; the overall method has clear operation steps and does not require complex equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for raising seedlings of Chinese medicinal herbs in a raised bed to resist continuous cropping, according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0017] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual images. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application. To better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual dimensions of the product. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0018] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present application. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0019] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the term "connection" or similar designation indicating a connection between components should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can refer to the internal communication between two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0020] Example 1: like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for raising seedlings of Chinese medicinal herbs by ridging up soil to resist continuous cropping, characterized by the following steps: Step 1: Seed pretreatment and coating shell preparation. Soak and germinate the Chinese medicinal seeds until they show white sprouts. Prepare a coating shell made of biodegradable material with an internal cavity to hold the seeds. Embed the plump, undamaged white sprouted seeds into the cavity of the coating shell and seal it to form an integrated shell-seed anti-replanting coated seed. The degradation cycle of the coating shell is 15-20 days. Specifically, the seed soaking and germination process involves soaking the seeds in warm water at 35-45℃ for 5-7 hours, stirring once every 1.5-2.5 hours during the soaking period. After soaking, the seeds are wrapped in a sterile damp cloth and placed in a constant temperature environment at 23-28℃ to germinate. The seeds are removed when more than 70% of them show signs of sprouting.

[0021] For the preparation of the coating shell, the anti-replanting microbial agent and the stress-resistant coating agent are mixed at a weight ratio of 1:0.4-0.6. 20-30% water and 5-8% seaweed gum are added as a binder, and the mixture is stirred into a plastic slurry. The slurry is then pressed into a shell with a pre-reserved, precisely adapted cavity for the exposed seed, and dried at 40-50℃. The anti-replanting microbial agent consists of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus spp., with a live bacteria weight ratio of 1.5-2.5:1. The stress-resistant coating agent is composed of 30-45% trehalose, 20-25% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 15-20% humic acid, and 5-10% ammonium molybdate.

[0022] In the anti-replanting microbial agent, Bacillus subtilis inhibits pathogens by competing for nutrients and space, while Bacillus mucilaginosus parasitizes the mycelium of pathogens and destroys their structure. The two form a dual antibacterial effect, which continues to act around the root system as the shell degrades. Trehalose in the stress-resistant coating agent enhances the seeds' drought and cold resistance, while humic acid and ammonium molybdate provide micronutrients, promote radicle development, and improve seedling stress resistance in the early stages.

[0023] Specifically, plump, undamaged, budding seeds are embedded into the coating shell cavity and then sealed. The sealing is achieved using a sealing slurry, which is a mixture of seaweed extract, water, and potassium humate in a weight ratio of 1:3–4:0.3–0.5. This completely isolates the cavity from the outside environment, creating an independent microenvironment for seed growth and preventing direct contact between the seeds and soil pathogens from continuous cropping. Seaweed extract serves as the primary binder in the shell material, and its degradation rate can be controlled by adjusting the amount added. Combined with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in the stress-resistant coating agent, this ensures the shell degrades slowly over 15–20 days.

[0024] Step 2: Preparation of seedling substrate resistant to continuous cropping: Organic raw materials, breathable and water-retaining raw materials, and modified raw materials containing pathogen adsorption and beneficial bacteria growth promotion functions are mixed to prepare seedling substrate resistant to continuous cropping. The raw materials of the anti-replanting seedling substrate, by weight percentage, include 35-45% organic raw materials, 25-30% humus, 18-27% breathable and water-retaining raw materials, 5-8% well-rotted manure, and 3-5% functional modified raw materials. Among them, the organic raw materials are well-rotted legume straw, the breathable and water-retaining raw materials include expanded vermiculite and perlite, and the functional modified raw materials include bamboo charcoal powder and anti-replanting functional powder. The bamboo charcoal powder has a particle size of 0.5-2mm and an iodine adsorption value ≥900mg / g. The anti-replanting functional powder accounts for 1.2-1.8% of the total weight of the anti-replanting seedling substrate and is composed of the following raw materials: 15-20% chitosan, 40-45% montmorillonite, 20-25% potassium humate, 8-12% allicin, and 0.2-0.5% brassinolide.

[0025] The preparation of the substrate for seedling cultivation to resist continuous cropping also includes disinfection and composting. Disinfection is carried out by spraying with 800 times diluted carbendazim wettable powder; composting takes 7 to 10 days, during which the compost is turned over every 2 to 3 days.

[0026] Specifically, decomposed legume straw provides organic matter and carbon source, promoting the reproduction of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus mucilaginosus released from the husk, forming a synergistic antibacterial chain of husk release of bacteria, substrate carbon supply, and bacterial proliferation. Bamboo charcoal powder adsorbs pathogen toxins and heavy metals, and when combined with montmorillonite in the anti-replanting functional powder, it constructs a dual toxin control system of husk isolation and substrate adsorption. Chitosan in the anti-replanting functional powder induces the synthesis of chitinase in seedling roots, forming dual in vivo and in vitro antibacterial activity with the husk bacterial agent; allicin helps inhibit substrate pathogens, preventing their later spread; brassinolide regulates growth and alleviates replanting stress, synergistically promoting robust seedlings with the nutrients released from the husk.

[0027] Step 3: Prepare the seedling plots. Disinfect and fertilize the plots where non-medicinal plants were previously grown. Form planting ridges with high air permeability and low water accumulation. Lay anti-replanting seedling substrate on the planting area of ​​the planting ridges. The specific steps for land disinfection and fertility conditioning include deep plowing to a depth of 30-35 cm, spreading 70-90 kg of quicklime per acre, rotary tilling to mix it evenly, and then drying for 10-12 days. After drying, apply 1500-3000 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure and 100-200 kg of bio-organic fertilizer per acre. The organic matter content of the well-rotted farmyard manure should be ≥35%, and the well-rotted farmyard manure should be one or more of the following: well-rotted cow, sheep, chicken, or rabbit manure. The effective viable bacteria count of the bio-organic fertilizer should be ≥2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, rotary till 20-25cm to fully integrate the fertilizer with the soil, then level the plot.

[0028] The specific operation of ridging is as follows: the ridge height is 30-40cm, the ridge width is 60-70cm, and the ridge spacing is 45-50cm; the planting area is a parallel planting trench dug on the ridge surface; the thickness of the anti-replanting seedling substrate in the planting trench is 2-3cm, and it is gently compacted after being laid.

[0029] Specifically, quicklime adjusts soil pH, inhibiting the growth of acid-loving pathogens and killing surface pathogens, thus reducing the concentration of pathogens outside the seed coat. Well-rotted farmyard manure and bio-organic fertilizer replenish soil nutrients, introduce beneficial bacteria, and create a healthy soil microecology, reducing the pressure of pathogens attacking the seed coat. Ridges 30-38cm high lower the water table, preventing high soil moisture from accelerating seed coat degradation, while also improving soil aeration and reducing anaerobic pathogen reproduction. A 2.5-3cm thick substrate layer in the planting furrow forms a functional buffer layer; even with minor damage to the seed coat, the substrate's antibacterial and adsorbent components can still block pathogen invasion, ensuring seed safety.

[0030] Step 4: Start sowing. Sow the integrated anti-replanting coated seeds in the anti-replanting seedling substrate on the planting ridge. After planting, cover the ridge, regulate water and fertilizer, and control diseases to achieve anti-replanting protection. Post-planting ridge covering includes covering the ridge surface with a 6-10cm thick layer of disinfected chopped straw. The disinfected straw is soaked in a wettable powder solution of carbendazim and then dried. A shade net is then placed on top of the disinfected straw and secured with a support frame. Specifically, the disinfected straw reduces soil moisture evaporation, maintaining stable substrate humidity. Simultaneously, the organic acids released from the decomposition of the straw help inhibit pathogens, synergistically complementing the antibacterial function of the hull. The shade net regulates the ridge surface temperature, preventing high temperatures from accelerating hull degradation or inducing mold growth within the cavity, thus providing a stable temperature and humidity environment for the hull to function effectively.

[0031] Water and fertilizer management includes maintaining the substrate moisture content at 40-45% before emergence, watering every 5-7 days after emergence, and applying diluted humic acid water-soluble fertilizer per acre in conjunction with watering; when the seedlings have 3-4 true leaves, spray the leaves once with a mixed diluted solution of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.15% anti-replanting functional powder, with the weight ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to anti-replanting functional powder in the mixed diluted solution being 100:1.0-1.5. Specifically, maintain the substrate moisture content before emergence to meet the water requirements for seed germination while avoiding excessive moisture that could lead to rapid degradation of the seed coat, thus ensuring complete early protection. After emergence, apply humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, which works synergistically with the humic acid and potassium humate released from the seed coat to provide balanced nutrition for the seedlings, promote root development, and enhance their independent stress resistance. Foliar spray with a mixed solution: when the seedlings have 3-4 true leaves, spray with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.15% anti-replanting functional powder to enhance the overall stress resistance of the seedlings through foliar absorption and make up for the protective gaps left by the later degradation of the seed coat.

[0032] Disease control includes pest and disease control, biological regulation, and soil-borne disease control. Pest and disease control is achieved by spraying with 0.3% matrine aqueous solution twice, with an interval of 5-7 days. Biological regulation involves spraying a compound biological solution every 7-10 days during the seedling stage, for 2-3 consecutive times. The compound biological solution contains Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum. Soil-borne disease control involves drenching the seedlings with a 1200-fold dilution of 30% hymexazol aqueous solution at the initial stage of soil-borne disease detection. Step 5: Seedling transplanting. Before transplanting, seedlings should undergo gradient environmental adaptation training.

[0033] Step 5, the gradient environmental adaptation training, includes: 8-12 days before transplanting, removing 1 / 3 of the shade net and ventilating for 2 hours each day for the first 1-3 days, removing 2 / 3 of the shade net and ventilating for 3 hours each day for the fourth-6 days, and completely removing the shade net and reducing the frequency of watering from the seventh day onwards. The transplanting standard is that the seedlings are 13-16cm tall and the stems are ≥0.3cm thick.

[0034] Specifically, by gradually removing the shade net, reducing the frequency of watering, and increasing ventilation time, the seedlings can smoothly transition from the low-stress environment of the shell-substrate to the complex environment of the field where they are continuously planted. This avoids slow seedling recovery and decreased disease resistance due to sudden environmental changes after the shell protection disappears, thus ensuring the survival rate of transplanted seedlings.

[0035] Specific implementation: Seed pretreatment for seedling cultivation: Select mature, plump, mold-free, and undamaged Chinese medicinal herb seeds (such as Angelica sinensis and Astragalus membranaceus). Remove impurities by passing the seeds through a 10-mesh sieve in advance. Soak the seeds in 40℃ warm water for 6 hours and germinate them at a constant temperature of 25℃ until 75% of the seeds show white sprouts. Preparation of the coating shell: Mix the anti-replanting agent (Bacillus subtilis: Bacillus spp. 2:1) and the stress-resistant coating agent at a ratio of 1:0.5. Add 25% water and 6% seaweed gum to make a slurry. Press the slurry into a shell with a 1.2mm cavity using a mold. After embedding the white sprouted seeds, seal the shell with a sealing slurry and dry it at 45℃ to set the shape.

[0036] The substrate for resisting continuous cropping was prepared by mixing 40% decomposed soybean straw, 28% humus, 12% expanded vermiculite, 10% perlite, 7% decomposed rabbit manure, and 3% bamboo charcoal powder, with 1.5% anti-continuous cropping functional powder added. After disinfection with carbendazim, the moisture content was adjusted to 48%, and the substrate was composted for 8 days with turning it over every 2 days to ensure sufficient reproduction of microorganisms.

[0037] Select a plot of land that was not previously planted with Chinese medicinal herbs, plow it to a depth of 32cm, spread 80kg of quicklime per acre and let it dry for 11 days. After drying, apply 3500kg of decomposed sheep manure and 120kg of biological organic fertilizer, rotary till and mix it evenly and level it. Then start to make ridges 35cm high, 65cm wide and spaced 48cm apart. Planting furrows on the ridges are 7cm deep and spaced 23cm apart. Lay a 2.8cm thick substrate and gently compact it.

[0038] Sow coated seeds at a rate of 28 seeds / m² in the planting furrows on the ridges, cover with 1.3cm of substrate, and water thoroughly. After sowing, lay 7cm of sterilized chopped straw on the ridges and cover with a 70% light-transmitting shade net. Before emergence, maintain the substrate moisture content at 42%. After emergence, water every 6 days and apply a 1200-fold diluted humic acid water-soluble fertilizer. When the seedlings have 3 true leaves, spray with a mixture of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and anti-replanting functional powder. At the initial stage of root rot, drench the roots with a 1200-fold diluted solution of 30% hymexazol. For aphids, spray with a 0.3% matrine solution.

[0039] Ten days before transplanting, harden off the seedlings in stages. On the second day, remove 1 / 3 of the shade netting and ventilate for 2 hours each day; on the fourth day, remove 2 / 3 of the shade netting and ventilate for 3 hours; from the sixth day onwards, remove all the netting and reduce watering; transplant when the seedlings are 15cm tall and the stems are 0.35cm thick.

[0040] The above are merely embodiments of the present invention. The circuits, electronic components, and modules involved are all prior art, fully achievable by those skilled in the art, and require no further explanation. The content protected by this application does not involve improvements to the software and methods. Commonly known structures and characteristics in the solutions are not described in detail here. Those skilled in the art are aware of all common technical knowledge in the field prior to the application date or priority date, are able to access all prior art in that field, and have the ability to apply conventional experimental methods prior to that date. Those skilled in the art can, under the guidance of this application, improve and implement this solution in combination with their own capabilities. Some typical known structures or methods should not be obstacles for those skilled in the art to implement this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the structure of the present invention. These should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention, and will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent.

Claims

1. A method for raising seedlings of Chinese medicinal herbs by ridging to prevent continuous cropping, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: seed pretreatment and coating shell preparation, the seeds of traditional Chinese medicine are soaked and germinated to be white; A coating shell composed of biodegradable material is prepared, the full and undamaged white seeds are embedded in the cavity of the coating shell, and then sealed to form an integrated anti-cropping coating seed of the shell-seed; the degradation period of the coating shell is 15-20 days; Step 2: preparation of anti-cropping seedling substrate, organic raw materials, air-permeable and water-retaining raw materials and modified raw materials containing pathogen adsorption and beneficial bacteria growth promotion functions are mixed to prepare the anti-cropping seedling substrate; Step 3: preparation of the seedling plot, the plot where the previous plant is not a traditional Chinese medicine is disinfected and the fertility is adjusted, a high-air-permeable and low-water-accumulating planting ridge is formed by ridging, and the anti-cropping seedling substrate is laid on the planting area of the ridge surface; Step 4: start sowing, the integrated anti-cropping coating seed is sown in the anti-cropping seedling substrate on the planting ridge surface, and the anti-cropping protection is realized through post-planting ridge surface covering, water and fertilizer regulation and control and disease prevention and control; Step 5: seedling transplanting, the seedlings are trained in a gradient environment before transplanting.

2. The method for ridge forming and anti-crop failure seedling raising of traditional Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1, the anti-cropping agent and the stress-resistant coating agent are mixed in a weight ratio of 1:0.4-0.6, water and 5-8% algal glue are added as a binder in an amount of 20-30% of the mixed weight of the anti-cropping agent and the stress-resistant coating agent, and the mixture is stirred into a plastic slurry, and then the slurry is pressed into a shell with a reserved cavity by using a mold and dried to form the shell; The anti-cropping agent is bacillus subtilis and jelly-like paenibacillus, and the stress-resistant coating agent is composed of trehalose 30-45%, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 20-25%, humic acid 15-20% and ammonium molybdate 5-10%; In step 1, the shell with the embedded seed is sealed by using a sealing slurry, which is prepared by mixing algal glue, water and potassium humate in a weight ratio of 1:3-4:0.3-0.

5.

3. The method for ridge cultivation and anti-crop failure seedling raising of traditional Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1, the specific process of seed soaking and germination is as follows: the seeds are soaked in warm water at 35-45℃ for 5-7 hours, stirred every 1.5-2.5 hours during the soaking, taken out, wrapped with a sterile wet cloth, and placed in a constant temperature environment at 23-28℃ for germination, and then taken out when the seeds are white.

4. The method for ridge cultivation and anti-cultivation seedling raising of traditional Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, the raw materials of the anti-cropping seedling substrate include organic raw materials 35-45%, humus 25-30%, air-permeable and water-retaining raw materials 18-27%, mature manure 5-8% and functional modified raw materials 3-5% by weight percentage; the organic raw material is mature legume straw, the air-permeable and water-retaining raw material includes expanded vermiculite and perlite, and the functional modified raw material includes bamboo charcoal powder and anti-cropping functional powder; the preparation of the anti-cropping seedling substrate further comprises disinfection and composting, and the disinfection is performed by spraying liquid disinfectant of wettable powder of carbendazim; the composting is performed for 7-10 days, and the seedling substrate is turned over every 2-3 days during the composting.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method is characterized by, The anti-replanting functional powder in the functional modified raw material accounts for 1.2-1.8% of the total weight of the anti-replanting seedling raising substrate, and is composed of the following raw materials: chitosan 15-20%, montmorillonite 40-45%, potassium humate 20-25%, garlicin 8-12%, and brassinolide 0.2-0.5%.

6. The method for ridge cultivation and anti-cultivation seedling raising of traditional Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The field disinfection in step 3 specifically includes deep ploughing the field to a depth of 30-35 cm, spreading 70-90 kg of quicklime per mu, and then rotary ploughing and mixing uniformly, followed by airing for 10-12 days; after airing, 1500-3000 kg of mature farmyard manure and 100-200 kg of biological organic fertilizer are applied per mu.

7. The method for ridge cultivation and anti-cultivation seedling raising of traditional Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ridging in step 3 is specifically performed to a height of 30-40 cm, a width of 60-70 cm, and a spacing of 45-50 cm; the planting area is a parallel planting ditch excavated on the ridge surface; and the anti-replanting seedling raising substrate is laid in the planting ditch.

8. The method of claim 5, wherein the method is characterized by, The post-planting ridge surface covering in step 4 includes covering the ridge surface with 6-10 cm thick sterilized straw after sowing, covering the sterilized straw with a shading net, and fixing the shading net with a support frame.

9. The method for ridge cultivation and anti-cultivation seedling raising of traditional Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water and fertilizer regulation in step 4 includes maintaining the water content of the anti-replanting seedling raising substrate at 40-45% before emergence, watering every 5-7 days after emergence, and applying diluted humic acid water-soluble fertilizer per mu in combination with watering; when the seedlings grow true leaves, spraying a mixed diluent of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.15% anti-replanting functional powder on the leaves.

10. The method for ridge cultivation and anti-cultivation seedling raising of traditional Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The disease prevention and control in step 4 includes pest control, biological regulation, and soil-borne diseases; and the gradient environment adaptation training in step 5 includes, 8-12 days before transplanting, removing 1 / 3 of the shading net every day for 2 hours of ventilation, removing 2 / 3 of the shading net every day for 3 hours of ventilation from the 4th to 6th day, and completely removing the shading net and reducing the watering frequency from the 7th day.

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