Device and method for treating minerals or secondary resources through ammonium salt

Abstract

The invention discloses a device for hydrothermally leaching minerals through ammonium salt, which is used for extracting valuable component substances after reaction of the ammonium salt and minerals or secondary resources, and comprises a reaction kettle used for enabling the ammonium salt and the minerals or secondary resources to mutually generate chemical reaction under high-pressure water vapor and generating ammonia vapor taking away heat, the number of the reaction kettles is at least one, and each reaction kettle comprises a first pipe orifice used for filling high-pressure water vapor and a second pipe orifice used for releasing pressure and filling materials. The reaction kettle is arranged for reacting ammonium salt and minerals or secondary resources, heat is taken away through ammonia steam during reaction, heat exchange is carried out through the heat exchanger, water filled into the heat exchanger is heated, the boiler is further heated and boosted to form high-pressure water vapor, and the high-pressure water vapor is recycled. And introducing into the reaction kettle for the reaction of the ammonium salt and the mineral or the secondary resource, so that device conditions are provided for extracting valuable components in the mineral or the secondary resource through the ammonium salt.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of resource extraction, and in particular to an apparatus and method for treating minerals or secondary resources using ammonium salts. Background Technology

[0002] In the context of the "dual-carbon" era, energy conservation and emission reduction are important development directions for mineral processing, as they can reduce production costs and minimize the environmental hazards of waste. Secondary resources refer to the "three wastes" generated in industrial production or waste generated in daily consumption, which can be recycled and processed into usable materials or energy. These include high-alumina fly ash (whose main valuable components are alumina and silicon dioxide) and boron mud (whose main valuable component is magnesium hydroxide).

[0003] Ammonium salts and minerals or secondary resources react under heating conditions to generate ammonia and leaching materials (components include soluble oxalate complexed iron (aluminum) salts, sulfates (magnesium, manganese, etc.) salts, chlorides (magnesium, manganese, etc.) compounds). The leaching materials and ammonia water can undergo a reverse reaction at room temperature to generate ammonium salts and purified hydroxides, thus achieving the goal of turning waste into treasure (Wang Zhiyuan, Dou Zewei, Xiong Lijia, et al. Principle and application of ammonium (ammonia) recycling process [J]. Inorganic Salt Industry, 2022, 54(08):47-53.).

[0004] Existing technologies for extracting valuable components from minerals or secondary resources involve chemical reactions using acidic or alkaline reagents. These reactions are typically irreversible, meaning the reagents are often used only once and cannot be recycled. Furthermore, low-value salt is produced as a byproduct, increasing overall costs. The Bayer process for extracting aluminum hydroxide from bauxite is a widely used method. This process uses recyclable sodium hydroxide, is mature, and has low costs. However, for raw materials such as high-alumina fly ash, the Bayer process results in significant sodium hydroxide loss and high costs.

[0005] Ammonium oxalate can undergo a reverse reaction after reacting with iron oxide or aluminum oxide. Therefore, from a chemical perspective, it is possible to recycle ammonium salts such as ammonium oxalate, ammonium chloride, and ammonium sulfate. Based on this, a specific technical solution is needed for extracting minerals or secondary resources from ammonium salts. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for treating minerals or secondary resources by means of ammonium salts, the solution of which is as follows:

[0007] An apparatus for treating minerals or secondary resources with ammonium salts, used to extract valuable components after the reaction of ammonium salts and minerals or secondary resources, comprising:

[0008] A reaction vessel is used for the chemical reaction between ammonium salts and minerals or secondary resource materials under high pressure steam to generate ammonia vapor that carries away heat. The reaction vessel includes at least one vessel and includes a first port for charging high pressure steam, a second port for depressurizing and charging materials, a third port for discharging reaction products, and a fourth port for discharging ammonia vapor. Both the second and third ports are equipped with on / off valves.

[0009] A heat exchanger is used for heat exchange between water and ammonia vapor, and after heat exchange, the water becomes high-temperature water and water vapor. The heat exchanger includes a water inlet for water injection, a water outlet for discharging high-temperature water and water vapor, a solution outlet for discharging the solution, and an injection outlet for injecting ammonia vapor. The injection outlet is connected to the fourth outlet through a pipeline, and a one-way valve is provided on the pipeline to allow ammonia vapor to flow into the heat exchanger in one direction.

[0010] A boiler is used to heat and pressurize the high-temperature water and steam discharged from the heat exchanger. The boiler includes an inlet and an outlet. The inlet is connected to the water outlet pipe, and the outlet is connected to the first pipe to recycle heat energy.

[0011] In some preferred embodiments, the one-way valve is a constant pressure valve.

[0012] In some preferred embodiments, there are at least two reactors, and the fourth port of all reactors is connected to the injection port via a pipeline, and each reactor is provided with a corresponding one-way valve.

[0013] In some preferred embodiments, the heat exchanger is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger to avoid clogging and to accommodate high pressure.

[0014] In some preferred embodiments, the ammonium salt is ammonium oxalate, and the mineral or secondary resource is a material containing iron oxide or aluminum oxide.

[0015] In some preferred embodiments, when ammonium oxalate is used as raw material, a three-way pipeline is also included, with two of the three-way pipelines serving as the first and third ports respectively, and the other extending to the bottom of the reactor, in order to improve the chemical reaction efficiency of ammonium oxalate and iron and aluminum metal resources, and to break up the scale products after the reaction by high-pressure steam, so as to avoid clogging the discharge channel.

[0016] A method for treating minerals or secondary resources using ammonium salts, employing the above-mentioned apparatus, and comprising:

[0017] Ammonium salts and minerals or secondary resources are added to the reactor, and high-pressure steam is introduced to cause a chemical reaction between the ammonium salts and minerals or secondary resources. The ammonia vapor produced by the reaction is introduced into the heat exchanger through the fourth port. Water is injected into the heat exchanger, and the ammonia vapor and water exchange heat to produce high-temperature water and steam. The high-temperature water and steam are heated and pressurized by the boiler to form steam, which is then introduced into the first port for the next reaction of ammonium salts and minerals or secondary resources.

[0018] Beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. This invention sets up a reaction vessel for the reaction of ammonium salts and minerals or secondary resources. During the reaction, the heat carried away by ammonia vapor is then exchanged through a heat exchanger to heat the water entering the heat exchanger. The water is then further heated and pressurized by a boiler to form high-pressure steam, which is then introduced into the reaction vessel for the reaction of ammonium salts and minerals or secondary resources. In this way, the device conditions are provided for the extraction of minerals or secondary resources through ammonium salts.

[0020] 2. In this invention, the ammonia vapor generated during the ammonium salt reaction carries away the heat. After heat exchange in the heat exchanger, it enters the reaction vessel again through water vapor to provide heat energy for the ammonium salt reaction, thus realizing the recycling of heat and making it more energy-efficient.

[0021] 3. In this invention, chemical reactions are supported by injecting high-temperature and high-pressure steam into the reactor. The steam provides a heat source to meet the large endothermic requirements of the reaction. At the same time, the steam can condense into water after releasing heat. When ammonium oxalate is used as an ammonium salt to react with alumina or iron oxide, water is used as a reaction medium to dissolve ammonium oxalate and improve reaction efficiency.

[0022] 4. Compared to existing conventional jacketed reaction systems, which are prone to scaling and reduced heating and heat transfer efficiency, this invention connects the high-temperature, high-pressure steam input pipeline and the reaction material discharge pipeline, extending to the bottom of the reactor. This allows steam to directly enter the bottom of the reactor, reducing heating efficiency from scaling and significantly increasing heat transfer efficiency, while also saving on jacket material costs. Furthermore, when ammonium oxalate is used as an ammonium salt to react with alumina or iron oxide, the reaction products are prone to crystallization or scaling, leading to easy blockage of the reactor outlet in industrial practice, resulting in difficult discharge. The three-way pipeline structure formed by the third and first ports allows for the extraction of the ammonium oxalate complex solution slurry through negative pressure. In practice, the high-pressure steam in the first port breaks up the blockage, and after shutting off the high-pressure steam, the ammonium oxalate complex solution slurry is further extracted through negative pressure to solve the problem of discharge pipe blockage. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0025] refer to Figure 1 As shown, an apparatus for treating minerals or secondary resources with ammonium salts is used to extract valuable components after the ammonium salts react with the minerals or secondary resources. The ammonium salts include ammonium oxalate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, etc., and the minerals or secondary resources include alumina, magnesium hydroxide, iron oxide, manganese oxide, etc.

[0026] The system includes a reactor 100, a heat exchanger 200, and a boiler 300. Specifically, the reactor 100 is used for the chemical reaction between ammonium salts and minerals or secondary resources under high-pressure steam, generating ammonia vapor that carries away heat. The reactor 100 includes a first port 110 for introducing high-pressure steam, a second port 120 for depressurizing and introducing materials, a third port 130 for discharging reaction products, and a fourth port 140 for discharging ammonia vapor. Both the second port 120 and the third port 130 are equipped with on / off valves.

[0027] The heat exchanger 200 is used for heat exchange between water and ammonia vapor, and after heat exchange, the water becomes high-temperature water and water vapor. The heat exchanger 200 includes a water inlet 210 for water injection, a water outlet 220 for discharging high-temperature water and water vapor, a solution outlet 230 for discharging the solution, and an injection port 240 for injecting ammonia vapor. The injection port 240 is connected to the fourth port 140 through a pipeline 400, and a one-way valve 410 is provided on the pipeline 400 so that ammonia vapor flows into the heat exchanger 200 in one direction.

[0028] Boiler 300 is used to heat and pressurize the high-temperature water and steam discharged from heat exchanger 200. Boiler 300 includes inlet 310 and outlet 320. Inlet 310 is connected to outlet pipe 220 and outlet 320 is connected to first pipe 110.

[0029] The aforementioned first port 110, second port 120, third port 130, fourth port 140, water inlet port 210, water outlet port 220, solution discharge port 230, injection port 240, inlet 310, and outlet 320 all refer to the structural forms that functionally serve the corresponding reactor 100, heat exchanger 200, and boiler 300. Therefore, in specific implementation, any structure that can achieve the corresponding function should be considered within the scope of the described rights, including but not limited to perforated structures, tubular structures, and flanged structures.

[0030] In some preferred embodiments, the one-way valve 410 is a constant pressure valve.

[0031] In some preferred embodiments, there are at least two reactors 100, and the fourth port 140 of all reactors 100 is connected to the injection port 240 through the pipeline 400, and each reactor 100 is provided with a corresponding one-way valve 410.

[0032] The working principle and process of the above-mentioned device for treating minerals or secondary resources with ammonium salts are as follows:

[0033] The first batch of ammonium salt and mineral or secondary resource materials are added to the reactor 100. High-pressure steam is then introduced into the reactor 100 and stirred in the reactor 100 to allow the ammonium salt and mineral or secondary resource materials to react fully and produce ammonia vapor and ammonium salt solution.

[0034] Ammonia vapor carrying heat is transported to heat exchanger 200 through pipeline 400. Water (at this time, the water temperature is low and room temperature water can be used) is injected into heat exchanger 200 through water inlet 210. The water and ammonia vapor exchange heat. The ammonia vapor raises the water temperature to high temperature water and produces water vapor.

[0035] The high-temperature water generated in heat exchanger 200 refers to the water temperature relative to the water injected from inlet 210. The water temperature and the steam generated in heat exchanger 200 are not suitable for direct use in the above-mentioned ammonium salt chemical reaction process. Therefore, the high-temperature water and steam generated in heat exchanger 200 through heat exchange are introduced into boiler 300 for further heating and pressurization, and then introduced into reactor 100 through first inlet 110 to continue to provide the environment and conditions for the reaction of ammonium salt and mineral or secondary resource materials, and enter the next reaction cycle.

[0036] After the ammonium salt reacts with minerals or secondary resources, the resulting material is relatively dry. To remove the reaction product, water can be injected through the second port 120 and then discharged through the third port 130. The material is then subjected to a reverse reaction to obtain valuable hydroxides and ammonium salts again. In this process, the ammonium salt can be reused as a raw material for the reaction, thus achieving material recycling. When adding water to the reactor 100 to leach the reaction product, and when discharging the resulting reaction product slurry, the switch valves installed on the second port 120 and the third port 130 need to be opened respectively.

[0037] The ammonia vapor is introduced into the heat exchanger 200 via pipe 400 and check valve 410. The use of check valve 410 prevents ammonia vapor backflow. In practice, a constant pressure valve is selected as the check valve 410. By setting a pressure threshold, when the pressure in the reactor 100 reaches a certain value, the ammonia vapor is automatically discharged into the heat exchanger 200 via pipe 400.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, multiple reactors 100 are arranged side by side, with each reactor's fourth port 140 connected to an injection port 240 via a pipeline 400. Each reactor 100 is equipped with a corresponding one-way valve 410. The advantage of this arrangement is that after a single reaction in a reactor 100 is completed, operation needs to be interrupted and new materials added, while the heat exchanger 200 operates continuously. Therefore, multiple reactors 100 increase reaction capacity while allowing for alternating operation and ensuring uninterrupted operation of the heat exchanger 200, thus achieving continuity throughout the process.

[0039] In some preferred embodiments, the heat exchanger 200 is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger to avoid clogging and to accommodate high pressure.

[0040] In some preferred embodiments, the ammonium salt is ammonium oxalate, and the mineral or secondary resource is a material containing iron oxide or aluminum oxide.

[0041] In some preferred embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, it also includes a three-way pipe, two of which serve as the first port 110 and the third port 130, respectively, while the other extends to the bottom of the reactor 100. After the ammonium salt reaction is complete, the high-pressure steam injected into the first port 110 is shut off, and room-temperature water is injected into the second port 120 to stir and form a product slurry. The product slurry is then drawn out through the third port 130 under negative pressure, thus achieving the effect of discharging the reaction products. In the prior art, conventional reactors are configured with a jacketed structure, in which heat transfer oil is added or steam is introduced for heating. In this invention, the reactor 100 directly introduces high-temperature steam into the material layer inside the reactor 100 via a three-way pipe. The beneficial technical effects are as follows: 1. The steam provides a heat source to meet the large endothermic demand of the reaction; 2. After releasing heat, the steam condenses into water, which serves as a reaction medium to dissolve ammonium oxalate. When ammonium oxalate reacts with alumina or iron oxide as an ammonium salt, the reaction efficiency is improved; 3. Existing jacketed reaction systems are prone to scaling, which significantly reduces the heat transfer efficiency of traditional jacketed heating. In this application, however, by directly introducing steam, the heating efficiency is not affected by scaling. The sound has a high phase heating heat transfer efficiency and can save the cost of jacket material; 4. The third pipe 130 is connected to the first pipe port 110 to form a three-way pipe. The ammonium oxalate complex is drawn out by negative pressure. When ammonium oxalate is used as an ammonium salt to react with alumina or iron oxide, the solution slurry product is prone to crystallization or scaling in industrial practice, which can easily lead to blockage of the reactor outlet and thus difficulty in discharge. In specific implementation, the high-pressure steam in the first pipe port 110 can break the blockage. After the high-pressure steam is turned off, the ammonium oxalate complex solution slurry product is further drawn out by negative pressure to solve the blockage problem.

[0042] A method for treating minerals or secondary resources with ammonium salts, employing the aforementioned apparatus for treating minerals or secondary resources with ammonium salts, includes: adding ammonium salts and minerals or secondary resources to a reaction vessel, and introducing high-pressure steam to cause a chemical reaction between the ammonium salts and the minerals or secondary resources; the ammonia vapor generated by the reaction is introduced into a heat exchanger through a fourth port; water is injected during the heat exchange, and the ammonia vapor and water exchange heat to generate high-temperature water and steam; the high-temperature water and steam are heated and pressurized by a boiler to form steam, which is then introduced into a first port for the next reaction of ammonium salts and minerals or secondary resources.

[0043] Combining the above three-way pipe structure, after the reaction is complete, the high-pressure steam at the first port 110 is closed, and room temperature water is injected from the second port 120 to stir and form a product slurry. The product slurry is then drawn out through the third port 130 under negative pressure.

[0044] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make numerous modifications and variations based on the concept of the present invention without creative effort. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art based on the concept of the present invention through logical analysis, reasoning, or limited experimentation on the basis of existing technology should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

1. An apparatus for treating a mineral or secondary resource by an ammonium salt, characterized by, The application relates to a device for extracting valuable component substances from ammonium salt and mineral or secondary resources after reaction, which comprises the following parts: a reaction kettle for chemical reaction of ammonium salt and mineral or secondary resources under high-pressure water vapor and for generating ammonia vapor with heat, at least one reaction kettle, which comprises a first pipe opening for filling high-pressure water vapor, a second pipe opening for pressure relief and material filling, a third pipe opening for discharging reaction products, and a fourth pipe opening for discharging ammonia vapor, and the second and third pipe openings are provided with switch valves; a heat exchanger for heat exchange between water and ammonia vapor, and the water becomes high-temperature water and water vapor after heat exchange, the heat exchanger comprises a water inlet pipe opening for water injection, a water outlet pipe opening for discharging high-temperature water and water vapor, a solution discharge pipe opening for discharging solution, and an injection pipe opening for ammonia vapor injection, the injection pipe opening is connected to the fourth pipe opening through a pipeline, and a one-way valve is arranged on the pipeline to enable one-way flow of ammonia vapor into the heat exchanger; a boiler for temperature and pressure rising of the high-temperature water and water vapor discharged from the heat exchanger, the boiler comprises an inlet and an outlet, the inlet is connected to the water outlet pipe opening, and the outlet is connected to the first pipe opening to recycle heat energy.

2. The apparatus for treating a mineral or secondary resource by an ammonium salt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The one-way valve is a constant-pressure valve.

3. The apparatus for treating mineral or secondary resources by ammonium salt according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are at least two reaction kettles, and the fourth pipe openings of all the reaction kettles are connected to the injection pipe opening through pipelines, and each reaction kettle is provided with one one-way valve.

4. The apparatus for treating mineral or secondary resources by ammonium salt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchanger is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger to avoid blockage and adapt to high pressure bearing.

5. The apparatus for treating mineral or secondary resources by ammonium salt according to claim 1, characterized in that: A three-way pipeline is further arranged, two ways of the three-way pipeline are respectively used as the first pipe opening and the third pipe opening, and the other way extends to the bottom of the reaction kettle to improve the chemical reaction efficiency of ammonium salt and mineral or secondary resource materials, break the scaling products after reaction, and avoid blockage.

6. The apparatus for treating a mineral or secondary resource by means of an ammonium salt according to claim 5, characterized in that: The ammonium salt is ammonium oxalate, and the mineral or secondary resource is material containing iron oxide or aluminum oxide.

7. A method of treating a mineral or secondary resource by an ammonium salt, characterized in that, The device is used for adding ammonium salt and mineral or secondary resource materials into the reaction kettle, and high-pressure water vapor is introduced to enable chemical reaction of the ammonium salt and mineral or secondary resource materials, ammonia vapor generated in the reaction is input into the heat exchanger through the fourth pipe opening, water is injected in the heat exchange, heat exchange is generated between the ammonia vapor and the water, high-temperature water and water vapor are generated, the high-temperature water and water vapor are raised in temperature and pressure through the boiler to form water vapor, and the water vapor is input into the first pipe opening to perform the reaction of ammonium salt and mineral or secondary resource materials next time.

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