Method for repairing damaged part of heat-insulating layer of external wall of building

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for repairing a damaged part of a building external wall thermal insulation layer, belongs to the technical field of building thermal insulation maintenance, and solves the problems of infirm bonding, poor sealing performance and easy cracking in the existing repairing method. According to the key points of the scheme, the method comprises the steps of measuring and recording the thickness of an original thermal insulation layer, vertically cutting to form a repair foundation trench, prefabricating a thermal insulation repair plate with a trapezoidal side groove, coating polymer adhesive mortar, embedding the thermal insulation repair plate into the foundation trench, and pressurizing and curing the thermal insulation repair plate with a mechanical clamp to enable the outer surface of the plate to be flush and the side edge to form a trapezoidal surrounding cavity; and injecting a two-component polyurethane foaming sealant into the bottom of the cavity until the sealant overflows, leveling excess materials, polishing the periphery, then fully coating a first layer of cement-based polymer mortar, pressing in alkali-resistant glass fiber gridding cloth, then covering a second layer of mortar to form a plastering layer, and finally carrying out spray moisturizing maintenance. The method is mainly used for achieving firm sealing and durable repairing of external wall heat preservation damaged parts and ensuring continuity and smooth appearance of a heat preservation system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building energy conservation and thermal insulation engineering technology, specifically relating to a method for repairing damaged parts of the building exterior wall insulation layer. Background Technology

[0002] External wall insulation systems are widely used in various types of buildings, playing a vital role in improving building energy efficiency. However, during long-term use, due to factors such as changes in ambient temperature, wind and rain erosion, and external impacts, localized damage to the insulation layer frequently occurs. If this damage is not repaired promptly and effectively, it may affect the building's insulation performance, safety performance, and appearance.

[0003] Currently, the common repair method for this type of localized damage is to remove the damaged area and then fill it with on-site cut insulation material or prefabricated insulation panels. However, in practical engineering applications, this method has some technical problems that urgently need to be solved.

[0004] First, the joint treatment between the repair panel and the original insulation layer is often unsatisfactory. Due to limited on-site cutting precision, gaps of varying widths easily form between the repair panel and the edge of the opening. Conventional caulking materials have poor compatibility with the insulation panel, and due to limitations in construction visibility, it is difficult to ensure a dense filling in deep gaps. These insufficiently filled gaps can form thermal bridges and air penetration channels, affecting the continuity and airtightness of the insulation system.

[0005] Secondly, the bonding quality between the repair panels and the base wall is not stable enough. When applying the adhesive material manually, it is difficult to control the thickness uniformity, and there is a lack of effective pressure curing measures, resulting in the actual effective bonding area often being lower than the design requirements. Under long-term negative wind pressure, these weakly bonded areas may pose a safety hazard of panel warping or even detachment.

[0006] Furthermore, controlling the surface flatness and continuity of the repair area is difficult. The thickness precision of repair slabs cut on-site is limited, and the lack of a reliable reference surface during installation easily leads to unevenness on the repaired surface. This unevenness not only affects the appearance but also results in uneven thickness of the subsequent plaster layer, increasing the risk of cracking.

[0007] Furthermore, traditional repair methods do not adequately consider the interfacial compatibility between new and old materials. If only the surface of the repair panel is treated without addressing the surrounding original insulation layer, a structural seam will form between the new and old plaster layers. Due to differences in material properties, this seam is highly susceptible to cracking when environmental temperature and humidity change.

[0008] These problems arise from both limitations imposed by on-site construction conditions and a lack of systematic approach to repair methods. The inherent randomness of manual operations and the absence of standardized process control mean that repair quality largely depends on the experience and skill level of the workers. Achieving precise repair of damaged areas and ensuring that the repaired insulation system restores its intended performance remains a key technical challenge that needs to be addressed. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for repairing damaged parts of the building's exterior wall insulation layer. This method systematically solves problems in existing technologies such as poor joint sealing, insufficient bonding strength, poor surface smoothness, easy cracking, and low standardization of processes by precisely measuring and prefabricating insulation repair boards with trapezoidal grooves, using polymer-bonded mortar and mechanical clamps for pressure curing, injecting foamed sealant into trapezoidal surrounding cavities, and implementing standardized plastering layer construction on the repaired area. This achieves reliable restoration of the repaired area and the original insulation layer in terms of structural stability, sealing integrity, insulation continuity, and appearance consistency.

[0010] To address the aforementioned problems and achieve the objectives and other advantages of this invention, a method for repairing damaged portions of building exterior wall insulation layers is provided, comprising the following steps: After determining the area of ​​the building's exterior wall insulation layer to be repaired, use a thickness gauge to measure the thickness of the original insulation layer to be retained, and record the thickness value as the target thickness of the prefabricated insulation repair panel. Make a vertical cut along the outline of the area to be repaired, with the cutting depth being the total thickness of the insulation layer outside the surface of the base wall. Then remove all the damaged insulation material within the outline to form a repair trench enclosed by the bottom surface of the base wall and the vertical surface of the original insulation layer. Measure the dimensions of the repair trench and prefabricate a matching thermal insulation repair board based on the recorded target thickness value. All sides of the thermal insulation repair board are machined with continuous grooves with trapezoidal cross sections. Polymer bonding mortar is evenly applied to the surface of the base wall in the repair trench and the installation surface of the insulation repair board. Then, the insulation repair board is embedded into the repair trench, and a mechanical clamp is used to apply a pressure of 0.08-0.12MPa to the insulation repair board until the bonding mortar is cured. In this state, the outer surface of the insulation repair board is flush with the outer surface of the original insulation layer, and the groove on each side of the insulation repair board and the corresponding vertical surface of the original insulation layer together form a continuous, trapezoidal, surrounding cavity. Insert the nozzle of the two-component polyurethane foam sealant into the bottom of the cavity, and then inject the foam sealant into the cavity until the foam sealant overflows evenly from the top edge of the cavity and completely fills the cavity. Keep the cavity in a closed state filled with foam sealant for 60-120 minutes to allow it to fully cure; then remove the excess foam sealant that has overflowed from the cavity, so that the surface of the foam sealant is flush with the outer surface of the insulation repair board and the outer surface of the original insulation layer. The original outer surface of the insulation layer that is retained around the insulation repair board is sanded. The width of the sanding area is 100-200mm, until the original finishing layer of the sanded area is removed to expose the inner plaster layer or insulation layer. Apply a full layer of cement-based polymer mortar to the entire outer surface of the insulation repair board and the original insulation layer outer surface area that has been polished. Then press in a large alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh to make the large alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh flat and completely embedded in the first layer of cement-based polymer mortar. On the surface already covered with a large area of ​​alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh, apply a second layer of cement-based polymer mortar. The second layer of cement-based polymer mortar completely covers the large area of ​​alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh underneath, and together with the first layer of cement-based polymer mortar, forms a complete plastering layer with a total thickness of 3-5mm. Spray the entire topcoat with a moisturizing spray for at least 48 hours.

[0011] Preferably, in the method for repairing the damaged parts of the building exterior wall insulation layer, before inserting the injection nozzle of the two-component polyurethane foam sealant into the bottom of the cavity, a layer of epoxy resin-based adhesive is first applied to the inner surface of the cavity with a brush, with a coating thickness of 0.05-0.1mm. After applying the epoxy resin-based adhesive, wait 5-8 minutes; Then, use a clean non-woven fabric sheet to press the epoxy resin-based adhesive surface with a pressure of 5-10N, hold for 3 seconds and then lift it to check the non-woven fabric sheet. If the non-woven fabric sheet is not impregnated with epoxy resin-based adhesive and there are no continuous adhesive marks on the surface, use a hot air gun with a power of 800-1200W and an outlet temperature of 50-70℃. Keep the hot air gun outlet at a constant distance of 100-150mm from the epoxy resin-based adhesive surface, and move the hot air gun parallel to the surface at a moving speed of 0.2-0.5m / s to make the hot air evenly cover the entire epoxy resin-based adhesive surface. If the nonwoven fabric sheet is soaked in epoxy resin-based adhesive or has continuous adhesive marks on the surface, continue to wait for 1-2 minutes and repeat the nonwoven fabric sheet pressing test until the nonwoven fabric sheet is not soaked in epoxy resin-based adhesive and there are no continuous adhesive marks on the surface, and then perform the above hot air gun treatment. After the hot air gun treatment is completed, insert the nozzle of the two-component polyurethane foam sealant into the bottom of the cavity for injection. Subsequently, the cavity remains sealed and filled with foam sealant for 60-120 minutes, during which time the foam sealant and the epoxy resin-based adhesive will cure.

[0012] Preferably, in the method for repairing damaged parts of the building exterior wall insulation layer, a bidirectional orthogonal glass fiber reinforcement mesh is pre-embedded inside the insulation repair board. The mesh size of the glass fiber reinforcement mesh is 4mm×4mm, and the distance between the glass fiber reinforcement mesh and the outer surface of the insulation repair board is 1 / 3 of the thickness of the insulation repair board.

[0013] Preferably, in the method for repairing damaged parts of the building exterior wall insulation layer, after forming the repair trench and before uniformly applying polymer bonding mortar to the surface of the base wall within the repair trench and the installation surface of the insulation repair board, a penetrating interface enhancer is uniformly sprayed onto the retained vertical surface of the original insulation layer using a sprayer, with a spraying amount of 0.2-0.3 kg / m². 2 After spraying one coat, allow it to naturally penetrate and cure for 30-60 minutes.

[0014] Preferably, in the method for repairing damaged parts of the building exterior wall insulation layer, after applying polymer bonding mortar to the surface of the base wall in the repair trench and before embedding the insulation repair board into the repair trench, a glass fiber reinforced lining is laid on the polymer bonding mortar layer on the surface of the base wall, wherein the unit area mass of the glass fiber reinforced lining is 300-500 g / m². 2 ; The thermal insulation repair board is pressed into the polymer bonding mortar layer covered with glass fiber reinforced lining, and a pressure of 0.08-0.12 MPa is applied using mechanical clamps; Polymer bonding mortar is extruded from the mesh of glass fiber reinforced lining to form an embedded composite bonding layer.

[0015] Preferably, in the method for repairing the damaged parts of the building exterior wall insulation layer, after inserting the injection nozzle of the two-component polyurethane foam sealant into the bottom of the cavity and before injecting the foam sealant into the cavity through the pressure injection device, three temporary pads with a thickness of 2-3mm are placed at intervals on the top edge of the cavity. Foam sealant is injected into the cavity using a pressure injection device at an injection pressure of 0.3-0.5MPa until the foam sealant overflows evenly from the top edge of the cavity and completely fills the cavity. After maintaining the injection pressure for 10-15 seconds, remove the temporary pads one by one. Immediately use a handheld glue gun to inject foam sealant into the hole formed after removing the temporary pad, and control the injection pressure within 0.2-0.4MPa; Use a trowel to compact and smooth the added foam sealant along with the overflow material around it, so that the surface of the foam sealant is flush with the outer surface of the insulation repair board and the outer surface of the original insulation layer.

[0016] Preferably, in the repair method for the damaged parts of the building exterior wall insulation layer, after removing the excess foam sealant that overflows from the cavity, making the surface of the foam sealant flush with the outer surface of the insulation repair board and the outer surface of the original insulation layer, and before grinding the outer surface of the original insulation layer around the insulation repair board, the foam sealant filling area is checked by tapping with a hollow detection hammer. For any hollow areas discovered, drill a 3-5mm diameter injection hole through the foam sealant layer at the center of the hollow area. Use a handheld glue gun to inject two-component polyurethane foam sealant into the hollow area through the glue injection hole until the foam sealant overflows from around the glue injection hole. Remove any excess foam sealant to restore a smooth surface.

[0017] Preferably, in the method for repairing damaged parts of the building exterior wall insulation layer, when prefabricating the insulation repair board, a closed-cell foam plastic backing strip is bonded to one of the inclined surfaces of each groove. Closed-cell foam plastic backing strips are formed in one step with the insulation board substrate under heating and pressure during the production of thermal insulation repair boards through their own adhesive layer. The cross-section of the closed-cell foam backing strip is circular with a diameter of 5-8mm; After the foam sealant has cured, the closed-cell foam backing strip forms a compressible elastic buffer layer between the foam sealant and the thermal insulation repair board.

[0018] Preferably, in the repair method for the damaged part of the building exterior wall insulation layer, after applying a first layer of cement-based polymer mortar to the entire outer surface of the insulation repair board and the area of ​​the original insulation layer that has been polished, an additional alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh reinforcement strip is immediately pressed into the joint directly above the joint between the insulation repair board and the original insulation layer. The width of the additional alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh reinforcement strip is 100-150mm. Subsequently, the step of pressing in a large alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh is carried out so that the large alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh completely covers the additional alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh reinforcement strip and the entire repair area. After the second layer of cement-based polymer mortar is applied to form a complete plastering layer, an additional alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh reinforcement strip is completely embedded inside the complete plastering layer, forming a local reinforcement structure at the joints.

[0019] Preferably, in the repair method for damaged parts of the building exterior wall insulation layer, after the complete plaster layer has been sprayed with moisture-curing agent, a sealant caulking layer is applied along the junction edge between the complete plaster layer and the surrounding untreated original exterior wall finish layer. The sealant caulking layer is made of single-component silicone sealant, with a coating thickness of 2-3 mm and a coating width of 8-12 mm; The sealant caulking layer cures under environmental conditions to form an elastic sealing edge.

[0020] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: This invention ensures the thickness matching and installation accuracy of the repair board with the original insulation layer by accurately measuring the thickness of the original insulation layer and prefabricating an insulation repair board with trapezoidal grooves. This avoids surface unevenness and thermal bridging problems caused by thickness deviations, and improves the insulation continuity and appearance consistency of the repaired area.

[0021] This invention uses vertical cutting to form a regular repair groove, providing an accurate reference surface for the embedding of the thermal insulation repair board, ensuring a flat interface and structural stability, and reducing the risk of uneven gaps and poor sealing caused by inaccurate cutting.

[0022] This invention creates a continuous, surrounding cavity by designing the trapezoidal groove of the insulation repair board and retaining the original insulation layer's vertical surface. This creates a uniform space for the injection of two-component polyurethane foam sealant, ensuring that the sealant can fully fill the gaps, effectively eliminating thermal bridges and air penetration channels, and improving sealing performance and the airtightness of the insulation system.

[0023] This invention uses polymer bonding mortar combined with mechanical clamps for pressure curing, which enhances the uniformity and bonding strength of the bonding layer, avoids the instability of manual coating, ensures a firm bond between the repair board and the base wall, and reduces the safety hazards of board warping or falling off under negative wind pressure.

[0024] This invention ensures complete filling of gaps and surface flatness by injecting a two-component polyurethane foam sealant until it overflows from the cavity and removing excess material to make the surface flush. This reduces the risk of uneven plaster layer thickness and cracking caused by unevenness, and improves the sealing integrity and appearance quality of the repaired area.

[0025] This invention grinds the outer surface of the original insulation layer around the insulation repair board, removes the original finishing layer, promotes the bonding between the old and new finishing layers, enhances the interface synergy, reduces joint cracks caused by differences in material properties, and improves the integrity and durability of the repair system.

[0026] This invention forms a complete plastering layer by fully coating a first layer of cement-based polymer mortar and pressing in alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh, and then covering it with a second layer of mortar. This creates an enhanced crack-resistant structure, effectively disperses stress, improves the impact resistance and long-term durability of the repaired area, and avoids the generation and propagation of surface microcracks.

[0027] This invention employs a spray-based moisturizing curing process, which promotes the strength development and hydration reaction of cement-based polymer mortar, ensures the density and crack resistance of the plaster layer, reduces early drying shrinkage cracks, and improves the stability and service life of the repair system.

[0028] This invention enhances the interfacial adhesion between the inner surface of the cavity and the foamed sealant by coating with an epoxy resin-based adhesive and combining it with hot air gun treatment, reducing the risk of voids and leakage. Furthermore, through sealing and curing, the sealant and adhesive work synergistically to form a uniform and complete composite sealing layer, further improving the bonding strength and sealing reliability.

[0029] This invention embeds a bi-directional orthogonal glass fiber reinforcement mesh inside the thermal insulation repair board, which effectively restrains the deformation caused by the expansion pressure of the curing sealant, improves the bending stiffness and dimensional stability of the repair board, and ensures the surface flatness and structural integrity of the repaired area.

[0030] This invention enhances the surface properties of the original insulation layer's vertical surfaces by spraying a penetrating interface enhancer, improves its compatibility and bonding strength with polymer bonding mortar, reduces hollow or peeling defects at the interface, and ensures the sealing and long-term durability of the repair system.

[0031] This invention improves bonding uniformity and overall shear strength by laying glass fiber reinforced lining on a polymer bonding mortar layer on the surface of the base wall and forming an embedded composite bonding layer, thereby reducing the risk of local bonding failure and enhancing the reliability of the bond between the repair board and the base layer and the system stability.

[0032] This invention uses temporary pads to control the sealant injection process, and combines step-by-step pressure injection and replenishment operations to ensure the dense filling of cavities, eliminate voids or defects, reduce the risk of hollowness and incomplete filling, and improve the integrity and reliability of joint sealing.

[0033] This invention uses a hollow detection hammer to tap and inspect the filling layer, combined with drilling and filling with foam sealant. This timely identification and elimination of potential defects in the filling layer ensures the uniformity and density of the sealing layer, reduces the risk of leakage and thermal bridging, and improves the sealing performance and long-term durability of the repaired area.

[0034] This invention forms a compressible elastic buffer layer by bonding closed-cell foam plastic backing strips to the inclined surface of each groove. This effectively absorbs the internal stress generated by the curing of the foam sealant and the material expansion and contraction caused by temperature changes, reduces stress concentration at the interface, lowers the risk of cracking, and improves sealing stability and durability.

[0035] This invention creates a locally reinforced structure by pressing an additional alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh reinforcement strip directly above the joint. This effectively disperses stress concentration, improves the crack resistance and impact strength of the joint, reduces the generation and propagation of cracks, and ensures the surface integrity and long-term reliability of the repair system.

[0036] This invention forms a continuous, elastic sealing edge by applying a sealant caulking layer to the edge of the repair area. This adapts to changes in joint displacement, prevents moisture penetration and crack formation, maintains the overall appearance, provides reliable waterproofing, and further enhances the durability and environmental adaptability of the repair system.

[0037] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will become apparent in part from the following description, and in part from those skilled in the art through study and practice of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description.

[0039] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods described in the following implementation plan are all conventional methods, and the reagents and materials described are all commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0040] This invention provides a method for repairing damaged parts of the building's exterior wall insulation layer, comprising the following steps: After determining the area of ​​the building's exterior wall insulation layer to be repaired, use a thickness gauge to measure the thickness of the original insulation layer to be retained, and record the thickness value as the target thickness of the prefabricated insulation repair panel. Make a vertical cut along the outline of the area to be repaired, with the cutting depth being the total thickness of the insulation layer outside the surface of the base wall. Then remove all the damaged insulation material within the outline to form a repair trench enclosed by the bottom surface of the base wall and the vertical surface of the original insulation layer. Measure the dimensions of the repair trench and prefabricate a matching thermal insulation repair board based on the recorded target thickness value. All sides of the thermal insulation repair board are machined with continuous grooves with trapezoidal cross sections. Polymer bonding mortar is evenly applied to the surface of the base wall in the repair trench and the installation surface of the insulation repair board. Then, the insulation repair board is embedded into the repair trench, and a uniform pressure of 0.08-0.12MPa is applied to the insulation repair board using mechanical clamps until the bonding mortar cures. In this state, the outer surface of the insulation repair board is flush with the outer surface of the original insulation layer, and the grooves on each side of the insulation repair board and the corresponding vertical surfaces of the original insulation layer together form a continuous, trapezoidal, surrounding cavity. Insert the nozzle of the two-component polyurethane foam sealant into the bottom of the cavity, and then inject the foam sealant into the cavity using a pressure injection device until the foam sealant overflows evenly from the top edge of the cavity and completely fills the cavity. Keep the cavity in a closed state filled with foam sealant for 60-120 minutes to allow it to fully cure; then remove the excess foam sealant that has overflowed from the cavity, so that the surface of the foam sealant is flush with the outer surface of the insulation repair board and the outer surface of the original insulation layer. The original outer surface of the insulation layer, which is retained around the insulation repair board, is sanded. The sanding area is 100-200mm wide, until the original finishing layer in the sanded area is removed, exposing the inner plaster layer or insulation layer. The sanding area is set at 100-200mm. This range ensures that there is sufficient overlap width between the old and new plaster layers (generally not less than 100mm), which meets the requirements for the overlap width of plaster layers in JGJ 144-2019 and effectively avoids cracking at the joints.

[0041] Apply a full layer of cement-based polymer mortar to the entire outer surface of the insulation repair board and the original insulation layer outer surface area that has been polished. Then press in a large alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh to make the large alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh flat and completely embedded in the first layer of cement-based polymer mortar. On the surface already covered with a large area of ​​alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh, apply a second layer of cement-based polymer mortar. The second layer of cement-based polymer mortar completely covers the large area of ​​alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh underneath, and together with the first layer of cement-based polymer mortar, forms a complete plastering layer with a total thickness of 3-5mm. Spray the entire topcoat with a moisturizing spray for at least 48 hours.

[0042] The common existing technique for repairing partial damage to building exterior wall insulation layers is to directly remove the damaged area, fill it with on-site-cut insulation boards, and fix it with ordinary cement mortar or adhesive. However, this method suffers from several drawbacks. Limited on-site cutting precision often results in irregular gaps between the repair board and the original insulation layer, with insufficient filling leading to poor sealing. The uniformity of the adhesive application is difficult to control, and the lack of effective pressure application results in unstable bond strength. Furthermore, the repaired surface has poor smoothness, and cracking is prone to occur at the interface between the old and new materials, affecting the continuity and durability of the insulation system.

[0043] Compared to existing technologies, this solution improves repair quality through a systematic approach. First, the area to be repaired is identified, and the thickness of the original insulation layer is measured to provide an accurate dimensional reference for the prefabricated repair panel, avoiding thickness deviations. A regular repair groove is formed by vertical cutting, ensuring a smooth interface. Prefabricated insulation repair panels with trapezoidal grooves are installed, forming a continuous, surrounding cavity with the remaining insulation layer, creating uniform space for subsequent sealant injection. Polymer bonding mortar is applied and cured under pressure using mechanical clamps, enhancing bonding uniformity and strength. Two-component polyurethane foam sealant is injected until it overflows the cavity, ensuring complete filling of the gaps. Excess material is removed to make the surface flush and reduce unevenness. The outer surface of the surrounding original insulation layer is sanded, and the original finishing layer is removed to promote bonding between the old and new plaster layers. A full coat of cement-based polymer mortar is applied, and alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh is pressed in to form a reinforced plaster layer. A second coat of mortar completes the plaster layer, improving crack resistance. Finally, a moisturizing spray is applied for curing to promote mortar strength development.

[0044] During the preparation of the repair trench, a Mennet MT182 digital thickness gauge can be used to measure the thickness of the original insulation layer, with a measurement range covering 30-100mm. Vertical cutting can be performed using a Bosch GDM13-34 cutting machine with a diamond saw blade; the cutting depth is set according to the actual insulation layer thickness. The outline of the repair trench should extend 30mm, 40mm, or 50mm beyond the damaged edge. A wire brush can be used to remove loose materials from the base wall surface. The thickness gauge should be held perpendicular to the insulation layer surface for stable contact, with three measurement points evenly selected around the area to be repaired. The cutting machine should advance at a uniform speed along the pre-marked lines, keeping the cut vertical and flat. This series of operations ensures accurate dimensions of the repair trench, providing a precise reference for the subsequent installation of the insulation repair panels.

[0045] For the preparation of thermal insulation repair boards, Beipeng FPS-18 molded polystyrene boards with a density of 18 kg / m³ can be used. 3The trapezoidal groove can be machined using a CNC engraving machine, with groove dimensions of 10mm bottom width, 6mm top width, and 5mm depth. DAVCO ceramic tile adhesive mortar can be used, with a water-cement ratio controlled at 0.21. A Parec PK-3 type spiral pressure clamp can be used, with a pressure range of 0.08-0.12MPa. During insulation board installation, the adhesive mortar should be applied using a dot-and-frame method, with a coating thickness controlled at 3mm. The clamps should be symmetrically arranged at the four corners of the insulation board, and pressure should be applied evenly and maintained for 120 minutes. This implementation method ensures a tight fit between the insulation repair board and the base trench, forming a complete trapezoidal surrounding cavity.

[0046] For joint sealing, Sikaflex-552 two-component polyurethane foam sealant with a density of 35 kg / m³ can be used. 3 The Graco HFR-20 pneumatic adhesive injection equipment can be used, with the injection pressure set at 0.4MPa. For the finishing layer, DAVCO crack-resistant plastering mortar can be used, and the alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh can be Jinniuxing 5mm×5mm mesh product. The total thickness of the finishing layer should be controlled at 4mm. For spray curing, a Green Power LP-35 electric sprayer can be used, with the water pressure controlled at 0.25MPa. The adhesive injection should begin at the lowest point of the cavity bottom, injecting continuously at a uniform speed until the sealant overflows evenly from the top. The mesh should be spread from the center of the repair area outwards, ensuring it is completely embedded in the mortar layer without wrinkles. During spray curing, the nozzle should be kept 400mm away from the wall surface and moved at a uniform speed. This method ensures a complete seal at the joints and a uniform and reliable surface treatment.

[0047] The specific equipment and material models listed above are merely examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Any similar products or materials with the same function and meeting the described technical parameter requirements can be used to implement the invention.

[0048] Through the implementation of the above technical solutions, the repaired area achieves reliable bonding, sealing, and durability. Precise base trench preparation provides accurate installation space for the insulation repair board; the insulation board design with trapezoidal grooves forms regular injection cavities; pressure injection ensures full filling of the sealant; mechanical clamping ensures uniform and dense bonding; and a complete surface treatment provides effective surface protection and crack resistance. These technical elements work together to ensure that the repaired insulation system restores its intended functional characteristics.

[0049] The methods for detecting the repair effect in the following embodiments and comparative examples are as follows: Tensile bond strength: Referring to JGJ 144-2019 "Technical Standard for External Wall Insulation Engineering", 28 days after the repair is completed, a pull-out test is performed on the repaired part using a bond strength tester to determine the bond strength between the plaster layer and the base wall.

[0050] Tensile strength of plaster layer: Referring to JG / T 158-2013 "Materials for External Wall Insulation System of Adhesive Powder Polystyrene Particles", composite specimens of plaster layer and insulation layer in the repair area were prepared and tensile tests were performed on a universal testing machine to determine the tensile strength between the two.

[0051] Hollow area rate: Use a hollow area detection hammer to perform a comprehensive tapping inspection on the repair area and calculate the percentage of hollow area to the total area.

[0052] Water spray test: Refer to JGJ / T 235-2011 "Technical Specification for Waterproofing Engineering of Building Exterior Walls" and spray water on the repaired area for 1 hour to check for leakage on the inside.

[0053] Thermal imaging: Infrared thermal imagers are used to take pictures when the indoor and outdoor temperature difference is stable, and the surface temperature difference between the repaired area and the surrounding area is analyzed.

[0054] Weather resistance test: Refer to JGJ 144-2019, conduct temperature cycling (-10℃ to 40℃) and freeze-thaw cycle tests in the laboratory, and observe phenomena such as surface cracks, hollowing, and peeling.

[0055] Example 1 A 0.8m² L-shaped damaged area of ​​the EPS insulation board on the exterior wall of a high-rise building was selected for repair. 2 The original insulation layer thickness was measured to be 50mm using a Minute MT182 digital thickness gauge. A line was drawn 50mm outward from the damaged edge for positioning, and a Bosch GDM13-34 cutting machine was used to make a vertical cut to a depth of 50mm, forming an L-shaped repair groove that matches the shape of the damaged area.

[0056] L-shaped insulation repair panels, 50mm thick, were prefabricated using Beipeng FPS-18 molded polystyrene boards to perfectly match the repair trench. Trapezoidal grooves were machined on all sides of the insulation panel using a CNC engraving machine, with dimensions of 10mm bottom width, 6mm top width, and 5mm depth. DAVCO ceramic tile adhesive mortar, with a water-cement ratio of 0.21, was applied in a 3mm thick layer to the bottom of the trench and the back of the prefabricated panel. A uniform pressure of 0.1MPa was applied using a Parec PK-3 mechanical clamp for 120 minutes.

[0057] Sikaflex-552 two-component polyurethane foam sealant was selected and injected from the bottom of the cavity using a Graco HFR-20 dispensing machine at a pressure of 0.4 MPa. After curing at room temperature (25°C) for 30 minutes, excess material was removed.

[0058] Grind the surrounding 150mm wide area until the plaster layer is exposed. Use DAVCO crack-resistant plaster mortar, with a first layer of 2mm thickness and embedded with Jinniuxing alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh; the second layer is 2mm thick, for a total thickness of 4mm. Spray curing for 72 hours.

[0059] Post-repair testing: Tensile bond strength 0.16 MPa, tensile strength of the plaster layer 0.12 MPa, hollow rate 0%, no water penetration during 1-hour water spray test, thermal imaging shows a temperature difference of ≤0.5℃ between the repaired area and the surrounding area. After 10 cycles of temperature cycling from -10℃ to 40℃, two micro-cracks appeared on the surface, with a maximum crack width of 0.08 mm. After 30 freeze-thaw cycles, localized fine cracks appeared in the plaster layer, with a maximum crack width of 0.12 mm. Impact resistance testing met the standard requirements.

[0060] Comparative Example 1: No Groove Design Except that no grooves are machined on any of the sides of the insulation repair board, and the edges remain at right angles, all other conditions are exactly the same as in Example 1. After the insulation board is installed, a right-angle joint is formed between its right-angled side and the vertical surface of the original insulation layer.

[0061] Post-repair testing: Tensile bond strength 0.12 MPa, surface layer tensile strength 0.08 MPa, hollow rate 8%, leakage occurred after 18 minutes of water spray test, thermal imaging showed obvious thermal bridging at the joint, with a temperature difference of 3.5℃. After 10 cycles of temperature cycling from -10℃ to 40℃, 3 cracks appeared at the joint, with the largest crack width 0.3 mm. After 30 freeze-thaw cycles, the cracks at the joint expanded to 0.8 mm, and local hollowing occurred. Impact resistance test did not meet the standard requirements.

[0062] Comparative Example 2: Rectangular Groove Design Except for the rectangular grooves machined on the sides of the insulation repair board, all other implementation conditions are completely consistent with Example 1. The rectangular grooves are 8mm wide and 5mm deep. After the insulation board is installed, a rectangular cavity is formed between its rectangular grooves and the vertical surface of the retained original insulation layer.

[0063] Post-repair testing: Tensile bond strength 0.14 MPa, plaster layer tensile strength 0.10 MPa, hollow rate 5%, leakage occurred after 25 minutes of water spray test, thermal imaging showed uneven thermal bridging at the joint, with a local temperature difference of 2.8℃. After 10 cycles of temperature cycling from -10℃ to 40℃, two cracks appeared at the joint, with a maximum crack width of 0.2 mm. After 30 freeze-thaw cycles, the cracks expanded to 0.5 mm, and local hollowing appeared in the plaster layer. Impact resistance test barely met the standard requirements.

[0064] Comparative Example 3: Simplified Surface Finishing Except for the change of the finishing layer to a single layer of mortar and the omission of alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh, all other conditions were exactly the same as in Example 1. The same finishing mortar was used, with a single layer thickness of 4 mm, and natural curing for 72 hours.

[0065] Post-repair testing: tensile bond strength 0.14 MPa, plaster layer tensile strength 0.10 MPa, hollow rate 3%, no water penetration during 1-hour water spray test, thermal imaging showed a temperature difference of ≤0.6℃ between the repaired area and the surrounding area. After 10 cycles of temperature cycling from -10℃ to 40℃, a network of microcracks appeared on the surface, with a maximum crack width of 0.2 mm. After 30 freeze-thaw cycles, the cracks expanded to 0.6 mm, and localized peeling of the plaster layer occurred. Impact resistance testing did not meet the standard requirements.

[0066] Comparative Example 4: No grooves and using one-component sealant Select an L-shaped damaged area of ​​the same specifications. The insulation repair board is prefabricated using the same Beipeng FPS-18 molded polystyrene board as in Example 1, with a thickness of 50mm, but without any grooves on any side, maintaining right angles. After installation, Sikaflex-221 single-component polyurethane sealant is applied manually at the right angle joint formed between the right angle edge of the insulation repair board and the original insulation layer. The sealant forms a triangular sealing layer on the joint surface, with a bottom width of 8mm and a height of 3mm. After application, allow it to cure naturally at 25℃ for 48 hours. This comparative example is consistent with Example 1 in terms of base trench preparation, insulation board bonding and fixing (using the same bonding mortar and mechanical clamps for pressure), and surface layer treatment (using the same double-layer mortar and mesh reinforcement as in Example 1).

[0067] Post-repair testing: Tensile bond strength 0.10 MPa, surface layer tensile strength 0.07 MPa, hollow rate 12%, leakage occurred after 8 minutes of water spray test, and thermal imaging showed a temperature difference of 4.5℃ at the joint. After 10 cycles of temperature cycling from -10℃ to 40℃, four cracks appeared at the joint, with the largest crack width being 1.5 mm. After 30 freeze-thaw cycles, the cracks expanded to 2.0 mm, showing obvious joint separation. Impact resistance testing fell far short of the standard requirements. Experimental results analysis: Example 1 employs a complete technical solution, demonstrating excellent performance in terms of bonding strength (0.16 MPa), tensile strength (0.12 MPa), sealing performance (no leakage after 1 hour), and thermal performance (temperature difference ≤0.5℃). The trapezoidal groove's inclined surface design creates an effective mechanical interlocking structure, generating uniform radial pressure during the curing process of the foamed sealant and enhancing interfacial bonding. The two-component foamed sealant fully fills the cavity under pressure injection conditions, and its closed-cell structure effectively blocks thermal bridge channels. Mechanical clamping ensures the uniformity and density of the adhesive layer, while the reinforcing effect of the alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh constrains the shrinkage deformation of the plaster layer.

[0068] In Comparative Example 1, the right-angle joint without a groove design prevented the foamed sealant from forming an effective sealing ring. During temperature changes, stress concentration at the right-angle joint caused delamination between the sealant and the insulation layer, resulting in sealing failure within 18 minutes. A thermal bridge effect of 3.5℃ indicates that the right-angle joint formed a continuous heat conduction channel. A crack width of 0.8 mm after freeze-thaw cycles demonstrates that this structure cannot adapt to temperature deformation.

[0069] In Comparative Example 2, the use of rectangular grooves resulted in the foam sealant relying primarily on adhesive force rather than mechanical interlocking force at its vertical interface. During the dispensing process, dead zones easily formed at the corners of the rectangular cavity, leading to incomplete local sealing. The local temperature difference of 2.8°C indicated a discontinuous distribution of thermal bridges, which is directly related to uneven filling. Its crack resistance was better than Comparative Example 1 but inferior to Example 1, demonstrating that while rectangular grooves can improve sealing, structural defects still exist.

[0070] In Comparative Example 3, omitting the mesh reinforcement, the plaster layer lacked effective tensile reinforcement under temperature stress. The brittle nature of the cement-based polymer mortar led to the formation of network cracks after temperature cycling. Although its initial sealing performance was comparable to Example 1, the development of cracks provided channels for moisture penetration, ultimately affecting long-term durability. Compared to Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 3 maintained its basic sealing function intact but lacked long-term crack resistance.

[0071] The comparison between Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3 shows that Comparative Example 2 has a fundamental functional defect (insufficient sealing), and its thermal bridging effect and early leakage directly affect the core function of the insulation system; while Comparative Example 3, while ensuring the integrity of the fundamental function, has a durability risk. From the perspective of repair quality assessment, the impact of the fundamental functional defect is more serious, therefore the overall effect of Comparative Example 2 is worse than that of Comparative Example 3.

[0072] Comparative Example 4, which simultaneously altered the groove design and sealing process, exhibited the worst overall performance. The single-component sealant only formed a surface sealing layer at the right-angle joint, failing to fill the cavity. Under temperature stress, the bonding interface between the sealant and the insulation layer failed first, leading to rapid leakage and severe thermal bridging. The 1.5mm crack width indicates that the structure had completely lost its deformation adaptability.

[0073] The performance test results of each comparative example verified the synergistic necessity of the various technical features of this invention: the trapezoidal groove provides an optimized sealing space and a mechanical interlocking structure; pressure injection ensures filling density; the mechanical clamp guarantees bonding reliability; and the mesh reinforcement improves system durability. These features are interdependent and together constitute a complete repair system, effectively solving key technical problems in the prior art.

[0074] In another embodiment, in the method for repairing the damaged parts of the building's exterior wall insulation layer, before inserting the nozzle of the two-component polyurethane foam sealant into the bottom of the cavity, a layer of epoxy resin-based adhesive is first applied to the inner surface of the cavity using a brush, with a coating thickness of 0.05-0.1mm. After applying the epoxy resin-based adhesive, wait 5-8 minutes; Then, use a clean non-woven fabric sheet to press the epoxy resin-based adhesive surface with a pressure of 5-10N, hold for 3 seconds and then lift it to check the non-woven fabric sheet. If the non-woven fabric sheet is not impregnated with epoxy resin-based adhesive and there are no continuous adhesive marks on the surface, use a hot air gun with a power of 800-1200W and an outlet temperature of 50-70℃. Keep the hot air gun outlet at a constant distance of 100-150mm from the epoxy resin-based adhesive surface, and move the hot air gun parallel to the surface at a moving speed of 0.2-0.5m / s to make the hot air evenly cover the entire epoxy resin-based adhesive surface. If the nonwoven fabric sheet is soaked in epoxy resin-based adhesive or has continuous adhesive marks on the surface, continue to wait for 1-2 minutes and repeat the nonwoven fabric sheet pressing test until the nonwoven fabric sheet is not soaked in epoxy resin-based adhesive and there are no continuous adhesive marks on the surface, and then perform the above hot air gun treatment. After the hot air gun treatment is completed, insert the nozzle of the two-component polyurethane foam sealant into the bottom of the cavity for injection. Subsequently, the cavity remains sealed and filled with foam sealant for 60-120 minutes, during which time the foam sealant and the epoxy resin-based adhesive will cure.

[0075] In the repair methods for damaged parts of the building's exterior wall insulation layer, there may be problems with weak interface bonding when the foamed sealant is injected into the cavity, resulting in insufficient bonding strength between the sealant and the inner surface of the cavity, which can easily lead to hollowing or leakage.

[0076] This method involves coating the inner surface of the cavity with an epoxy resin-based adhesive to a thickness of 0.05-0.1 mm. The purpose is to form a uniform bonding substrate within the cavity, enhancing the adhesion between the foamed sealant and the cavity interface. After coating, allow 5-8 minutes for the adhesive to initially cure and reach a suitable surface condition, providing a stable foundation for subsequent sealant injection. This step, by establishing a reliable interface layer, reduces the potential for poor adhesion between the sealant and the cavity.

[0077] Press a clean nonwoven fabric sheet onto the adhesive surface with 5-10N of pressure, hold for 3 seconds, and then check if the fabric sheet is wetted or if there are continuous adhesive marks. This is to assess the degree of adhesive curing. If the fabric sheet is not wetted and there are no continuous adhesive marks, use a hot air gun. The hot air gun should have a power of 800-1200W and an outlet temperature of 50-70℃. Keep the air outlet 100-150mm away from the adhesive surface and move it at a speed of 0.2-0.5m / s to ensure that the hot air evenly covers the entire adhesive surface. Hot air treatment can activate the adhesive surface and improve its bonding performance with the foam sealant. If the fabric sheet is wetted or has continuous adhesive marks, wait 1-2 minutes and repeat the test to ensure that the adhesive reaches the ideal state before hot air treatment. This process, by precisely controlling the surface condition, avoids interfacial bonding failure caused by the adhesive being too wet or too dry.

[0078] After hot air gun treatment, insert the nozzle of the two-component polyurethane foam sealant into the bottom of the cavity for injection. After injection, keep the cavity completely filled with the sealant for 60-120 minutes to allow the sealant and epoxy resin-based adhesive to cure together. This sealing and curing process promotes a tight bond between the sealant and adhesive layers, forming a uniform and complete composite seal structure. This step, by extending the curing time, ensures the integrity and durability of the sealant layer, effectively preventing hollow areas and leaks.

[0079] The coating thickness can be selected as 0.05mm, 0.08mm, or 0.1mm. A brush with a nylon head and a width of 20mm to 30mm can be used for application. A two-component epoxy resin adhesive, such as epoxy resin E-44 mixed with a hardener, can be used. The coating should be applied to the inner surface of the cavity, including the entire surrounding cavity wall formed by the trapezoidal groove slope of the insulation repair board and the vertical surface of the retained original insulation layer. The waiting time after coating can be selected as 5 minutes, 6 minutes, or 8 minutes. During the waiting period, the epoxy resin adhesive will initially cure, forming a thin and uniform bonding base layer. Parameter settings should be adjusted according to ambient temperature and humidity; at room temperature, a midpoint of 7 minutes is selected. The epoxy resin adhesive can be purchased from a chemical material supplier; the two components should be mixed in the correct proportions before use. Functional testing is verified by pressing a non-woven fabric sheet.

[0080] The non-woven fabric sheet can be made of polyester fiber, with a size of 50mm × 50mm. The applied pressure can be 5N, 8N, or 10N, and checked after 3 seconds. If the non-woven fabric sheet is not wetted by the adhesive and there are no continuous adhesive marks, treat it with a hot air gun; otherwise, wait 1 or 2 minutes and repeat the test. The hot air gun power can be 800W, 1000W, or 1200W, the outlet temperature can be 50℃, 60℃, or 70℃, the distance between the air outlet and the adhesive surface should be 100mm, 120mm, or 150mm, and the moving speed can be 0.2m / s, 0.3m / s, or 0.5m / s. A handheld hot air gun with a circular outlet of approximately 20mm in diameter can be used. During treatment, the hot air gun should be moved parallel to cover the entire adhesive surface to ensure uniform heating. This step optimizes the interfacial bonding conditions by controlling the adhesive surface condition and hot air treatment, providing a dry and activated surface for subsequent sealant injection.

[0081] Two-component polyurethane foam sealant with a density of 35 kg / m³ can be selected. 3 For this product, a metal conical nozzle with a diameter of approximately 5mm can be used for dispensing. The nozzle is inserted into the bottom of the cavity, and the cavity is kept sealed for 60, 90, or 120 minutes after injection. During this sealing period, the foamed sealant and epoxy resin-based adhesive cure together to form a composite sealing layer. The sealant can be injected using a pressure dispensing device with an injection pressure set to 0.4MPa. This step, by extending the sealing time, ensures that the sealant fully foams and cures, bonding tightly to the adhesive layer and preventing adhesion failure due to premature disturbance.

[0082] The application and surface treatment of epoxy resin-based adhesive enhanced the interfacial adhesion between the cavity's inner surface and the foamed sealant, reducing the risk of voids and leaks. Hot air gun treatment ensured a uniform adhesive surface, preventing localized uncured or overly tacky areas. The sealing and curing process allowed the sealant and adhesive to work synergistically, forming a durable sealing layer. These measures collectively addressed the problem of poor interfacial adhesion, improving the sealing performance and long-term stability of the repaired area.

[0083] Example 2 The steps are the same as in Example 1, including determining the repair area, measuring the thickness of the insulation layer, vertically cutting to form the repair base groove, prefabricating the insulation repair board with trapezoidal grooves, applying polymer bonding mortar, and using mechanical clamps to pressurize and cure to form a trapezoidal surrounding cavity.

[0084] The difference lies in the following: before injecting the foam sealant, a 0.08mm thick epoxy resin-based adhesive is first applied to the inner surface of the cavity. After waiting 7 minutes, a non-woven fabric pressing test is used to confirm that the adhesive has reached a suitable state. Subsequently, a 1000W hot air gun is used for surface treatment under specific parameters. After the hot air gun treatment, the foam sealant is injected, and the cavity is kept closed for 90 minutes to allow both materials to cure together. Subsequent processing steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0085] Post-repair testing: tensile bond strength 0.18 MPa, plaster layer tensile strength 0.13 MPa, hollow rate 0%, no water penetration during 1-hour water spray test, thermal imaging shows a temperature difference of ≤0.4℃ between the repaired area and the surrounding area. After 10 temperature cycles from -10℃ to 40℃, no visible cracks were observed on the surface. After 30 freeze-thaw cycles, the plaster layer remained intact, with no hollow areas, peeling, or cracks. Impact resistance testing met standard requirements.

[0086] Compared to Example 1, Example 2, while maintaining the same hollow rate and waterproof performance, showed improvements in bonding strength (from 0.16 MPa to 0.18 MPa), tensile strength of the plaster layer (from 0.12 MPa to 0.13 MPa), thermal performance (from a temperature difference of ≤0.5℃ to ≤0.4℃), and crack resistance. These performance improvements indicate that the added epoxy resin-based adhesive treatment step effectively enhanced interfacial bonding performance, and the longer curing time ensured sufficient bonding between materials, thereby significantly improving the overall performance and durability of the repair system.

[0087] In another embodiment, the method for repairing damaged parts of the building's exterior wall insulation layer includes pre-embedding a bi-directional orthogonal glass fiber reinforcement mesh inside the insulation repair board. The mesh size of the glass fiber reinforcement mesh is 4mm × 4mm, and the distance between the glass fiber reinforcement mesh and the outer surface of the insulation repair board is 1 / 3 of the thickness of the insulation repair board. After the insulation repair board is embedded in the repair base groove, the pre-embedded glass fiber reinforcement mesh is used to restrain the deformation of the insulation repair board caused by the expansion pressure of the curing sealant.

[0088] During the repair of damaged areas in the building's exterior wall insulation layer, the expansion pressure generated during the curing of the foamed sealant may cause deformation of the insulation repair board, affecting the surface smoothness and structural integrity of the repaired area. By pre-embedding bidirectional orthogonal glass fiber reinforced mesh, this deformation can be effectively restrained, ensuring the repair board remains stable under stress.

[0089] The fiberglass reinforced mesh can be made of E-glass fiber with a mesh size of 4mm × 4mm. During the production of the insulation repair board, the mesh is pre-embedded within the board using a molding machine, arranged in a bidirectional orthogonal pattern, meaning it is evenly staggered longitudinally and laterally. The distance between the mesh and the outer surface of the insulation repair board is controlled at 1 / 3 of the board thickness; for example, when the board thickness is 60mm, the distance is 20mm. A flat vulcanizing machine can be used for molding, and the embedding depth of the mesh is precisely controlled by adjusting the positioning device of the mold. The mesh material can be purchased from building materials markets; its flatness and integrity must be checked before use.

[0090] The 4mm×4mm mesh size was chosen based on considerations of balancing reinforcement effect and material usage. This size provides uniform force distribution and avoids localized stress concentration. The setting of 1 / 3 of the thickness of the outer surface panel of the insulation repair board was determined experimentally using molded polystyrene boards. The experimental method included applying simulated foam sealant curing pressure and measuring deformation. The results showed that this location effectively suppressed deformation without affecting the plastering layer construction. The reinforcing mesh is fixed within the board by being covered with insulation material, forming an integral structure that deforms in tandem with the insulation board during operation to resist external pressure.

[0091] This solution improves the flexural stiffness and dimensional stability of the insulation repair panel by pre-embedding a glass fiber reinforced mesh. The bidirectional orthogonal arrangement of the mesh evenly disperses the expansion stress generated by the curing of the foamed sealant, the mesh size ensures effective force transmission, and the specific embedding location optimizes the reinforcement effect. These measures work together to reduce the risk of deformation of the repair panel, thereby improving the flatness and long-term durability of the repaired area.

[0092] In another embodiment, the method for repairing damaged parts of the building's exterior wall insulation layer involves, after forming the repair trench and before uniformly applying polymer bonding mortar to the surface of the base wall within the repair trench and the installation surface of the insulation repair board, using a sprayer to uniformly spray a penetrating interface enhancer onto the retained vertical surface of the original insulation layer, with a spraying amount of 0.2-0.3 kg / m². 2 After spraying one coat, allow it to naturally penetrate and cure for 30-60 minutes.

[0093] During the repair of damaged sections of building exterior wall insulation, the preserved vertical surface of the original insulation layer may have insufficient interface strength or be contaminated, affecting the bonding effect of subsequent adhesive materials. By spraying a penetrating interface enhancer, this surface can be strengthened, improving its compatibility and bonding reliability with subsequent adhesive layers.

[0094] Apply the penetrating interface enhancer evenly to the existing vertical surface of the insulation layer using a sprayer. The application rate can be selected as 0.2 kg / m². 2 0.25kg / m 2Or 0.3kg / m 2 A handheld pneumatic sprayer with a nozzle diameter of approximately 1-2 mm can be used. A silane-based or acrylic-based liquid reinforcing agent can be selected for its good penetration and film-forming properties. The spraying area should cover the entire vertical surface of the existing insulation layer, including all exposed surfaces adjacent to the repair trench. Maintain a distance of approximately 300-500 mm between the sprayer and the surface, moving at a constant speed to ensure uniform coating. After one coat, allow for natural penetration curing; the curing time can be 30, 45, or 60 minutes. Parameter settings should be adjusted according to environmental conditions; under normal temperature and humidity conditions, 45 minutes is typically selected. The penetrating interface reinforcing agent can be purchased from a chemical supplier and should be shaken well before use. Functional testing is performed by observing the surface wetting state and subsequent adhesion effect.

[0095] During natural penetration curing, the reinforcing agent gradually penetrates into the surface of the insulation layer, forming a reinforced interface layer. The curing time was determined experimentally using molded polystyrene insulation boards. Experimental methods included measuring the interfacial pull-out strength after spraying different doses of reinforcing agent. Results showed that this time range ensured sufficient penetration without affecting the construction progress. During operation, the reinforcing agent penetrates deep into the material through capillary action, bonding with the insulation matrix and improving surface density and adhesion.

[0096] This solution improves the surface properties of the retained original insulation layer on the vertical facade by spraying a penetrating interface enhancer. The enhancer's penetration fills the surface micropores, strengthening the integrity and stability of the interface layer, thereby improving the bond strength with the polymer-bonded mortar. This helps reduce potential defects at the interface of the repaired area, such as hollow areas or peeling, ensuring better sealing and long-term durability of the repair system. The effect is that by strengthening the interface conditions, the new and old materials bond more tightly, resulting in more reliable overall system performance.

[0097] In another embodiment, the method for repairing damaged parts of the building's exterior wall insulation layer involves applying polymer-bonded mortar to the surface of the base wall within the repair trench, and before embedding the insulation repair board into the repair trench. A glass fiber reinforced lining is then laid on the polymer-bonded mortar layer on the surface of the base wall, with the glass fiber reinforced lining having a unit area mass of 300-500 g / m². 2 ; Immediately press the thermal insulation repair board into the polymer bonding mortar layer covered with glass fiber reinforced lining, and apply a uniform pressure of 0.08-0.12 MPa using mechanical clamps; Polymer bonding mortar is extruded from the mesh of glass fiber reinforced lining to form an embedded composite bonding layer.

[0098] In the repair of damaged areas of building exterior wall insulation, simply applying polymer-bonded mortar may result in uneven bonding or insufficient local strength, affecting the reliability of the bond between the repair panel and the base wall. By laying fiberglass reinforced lining and forming an embedded composite bonding layer, the bonding uniformity can be improved and the overall bonding strength enhanced.

[0099] When laying fiberglass reinforced lining, the mass per unit area can be selected as 300g / m². 2 400g / m 2 Or 500g / m 2 The lining can be made of woven fiberglass cloth with a mesh size of approximately 2mm×2mm to 4mm×4mm. The lining is laid on top of the polymer-bonded mortar layer on the base wall surface, covering the entire bottom surface of the repair trench. The polymer-bonded mortar can be cement-based polymer mortar, with a coating thickness of approximately 3-5mm. After laying the lining, the insulation repair board is pressed onto the lining, and a uniform pressure is applied using mechanical clamps, with a pressure value of 0.08-0.12MPa. The mechanical clamps can be spiral pressure clamps, positioned at the four corners of the insulation repair board. During operation, the pressure forces the polymer-bonded mortar out through the mesh of the lining, forming an embedded structure where the mortar and lining are interwoven.

[0100] The selection of unit area mass was based on balancing reinforcement effect and construction convenience. The experimental subjects were molded polystyrene insulation boards and concrete substrates. The experimental methods included measuring the pull-out bond strength under different lining masses. The results showed that this range could effectively improve bonding performance. The lining material can be purchased from building materials markets; its integrity and flatness should be checked before use. Parameter settings were adjusted based on the fluidity of the bonding mortar and the performance of the pressure equipment; at room temperature, a median value of 400 g / m² was typically selected. 2 And 0.1MPa pressure. Functional testing was verified by subsequent bond strength testing and hollowness inspection.

[0101] This solution utilizes a fiberglass-reinforced lining to form an embedded composite adhesive layer, improving the overall integrity and shear strength of the adhesive layer. The lining acts as a reinforcing skeleton, evenly distributing adhesive stress and reducing the risk of localized bond failure. The mesh structure ensures full mortar penetration and mechanical interlocking, thereby enhancing the stability and durability of the repaired area. The result is a more robust bond between the repair panel and the substrate through optimized bonding interface structure, leading to more reliable overall system performance.

[0102] In another embodiment, in the method for repairing the damaged parts of the building's exterior wall insulation layer, after inserting the nozzle of the two-component polyurethane foam sealant into the bottom of the cavity and before injecting the foam sealant into the cavity through a pressure injection device, three temporary pads with a thickness of 2-3mm are placed at intervals on the top edge of the cavity. Foam sealant is injected into the cavity using a pressure injection device at an injection pressure of 0.3-0.5MPa until the foam sealant overflows evenly from the top edge of the cavity and completely fills the cavity. After maintaining the injection pressure for 10-15 seconds, remove the temporary pads one by one. Immediately use a handheld glue gun to inject foam sealant into the hole formed after removing the temporary pad, and control the injection pressure within 0.2-0.4MPa; Use a trowel to compact and smooth the added foam sealant along with the overflow material around it, so that the surface of the foam sealant is flush with the outer surface of the insulation repair board and the outer surface of the original insulation layer.

[0103] During the injection of two-component polyurethane foam sealant into a trapezoidal surrounding cavity, direct injection may cause the sealant to overflow prematurely because the top of the cavity is completely open, while the bottom and middle parts of the cavity remain loosely filled, resulting in voids or defects. By placing temporary spacers at intervals along the top edge of the cavity, the overflow path of the sealant can be controlled, ensuring that the injection pressure can fully fill all parts of the cavity with the sealant.

[0104] Before applying the sealant, place three temporary spacers at intervals along the top edge of the cavity. The spacers can be 2mm, 2.5mm, or 3mm thick. They can be made of rigid plastic or metal and are rectangular or cylindrical in shape. The spacers should be placed at the top edge of the insulation repair board, flush with the outer surface of the existing insulation layer, and roughly evenly distributed along the length of the cavity. Then, inject the foam sealant into the cavity using a pressure injection device at a pressure of 0.3MPa, 0.4MPa, or 0.5MPa. After maintaining the injection pressure for 10s, 12s, or 15s, remove the temporary spacers one by one. Immediately after removing the spacers, use a handheld sealant gun to fill the formed holes with more foam sealant, controlling the filling pressure to within 0.2MPa, 0.3MPa, or 0.4MPa. Finally, use a trowel to compact and smooth the filled foam sealant along with any excess material around the perimeter.

[0105] The thickness of the gasket was selected based on the need to balance venting and prevent overflow. The experimental subject was a trapezoidal cross-section cavity model. The experimental method included observing the filling density under gaskets of different thicknesses. The results showed that this range could effectively establish back pressure to ensure full filling. The time for maintaining the injection pressure was determined by measuring the flow rate of the sealant under different pressures. The replenishment pressure was set lower than the initial injection pressure to prevent damage to the partially cured sealant structure. All pressure parameters were set and monitored using the equipment's built-in pressure gauge.

[0106] This solution achieves dense filling of the cavity by setting and removing temporary shims in conjunction with staged pressure control. The shims prevent direct leakage of sealant during the initial injection phase, ensuring sufficient injection pressure to reach the far ends and corners of the cavity. Targeted replenishment after shim removal eliminates potential localized voids caused by the volume occupied by the shims. These measures work together to significantly reduce the risk of voids and incomplete filling, thereby improving the integrity and reliability of the joint seal and ensuring effective sealing and long-term durability of the repaired area.

[0107] In another embodiment, in the method for repairing the damaged parts of the building exterior wall insulation layer, after removing the excess foam sealant that overflows from the cavity, making the surface of the foam sealant flush with the outer surface of the insulation repair board and the outer surface of the original insulation layer, and before grinding the outer surface of the original insulation layer around the insulation repair board, the foam sealant filling area is checked by tapping with a hollow detection hammer. For any hollow areas discovered, drill a 3-5mm diameter injection hole through the foam sealant layer at the center of the hollow area. Use a handheld glue gun to inject two-component polyurethane foam sealant into the hollow area through the glue injection hole until the foam sealant overflows from around the glue injection hole. Remove any excess foam sealant to restore a smooth surface.

[0108] During the repair of damaged areas in the exterior wall insulation layer, issues such as internal voids or incomplete filling may occur after the foam sealant is applied. If these defects are not detected and addressed promptly, they will affect the sealing integrity and long-term durability of the joints. Systematic void detection and targeted refilling can effectively identify and eliminate these potential defects, ensuring repair quality.

[0109] Use a hollow detection hammer to tap and inspect the foam sealant-filled area. A metal hammerhead weighing approximately 200g and with a handle length of approximately 300mm can be used. The tapping area should cover the entire surface of the foam sealant-filled area, including the outer surface of the insulation repair board and the flush area of ​​the original insulation layer. Tap with uniform force, observing the difference in sound to identify hollow areas. For any identified hollow areas, drill a filling hole in the center of the hollow area. The hole diameter can be 3mm, 4mm, or 5mm. A handheld electric drill with a carbide drill bit, matching the drill bit diameter to the hole diameter, can be used. Drill the hole deep enough to penetrate the foam sealant layer and reach the hollow area. Then, use a handheld caulking gun to inject two-component polyurethane foam sealant into the hollow area through the injection hole. The injection pressure can be 0.2 MPa, 0.3 MPa, or 0.4 MPa, until the sealant overflows evenly around the injection hole.

[0110] The selection of the pore size was based on balancing the injection effect with the disturbance to the sealing layer structure. The experimental subject was a sealant test block with simulated voids. Experimental methods included measuring the injection efficiency and seal integrity at different pore sizes. Results showed that this range effectively filled voids and was easy to operate. The injection pressure was determined by observing the sealant's flowability and overflow status to ensure full filling without damaging the surrounding structure. The foamed sealant could be purchased from a chemical supplier, and the two components were mixed in the correct proportions before use. Functional testing involved tapping the sealant again after injection to verify that the voids had been eliminated. Finally, any overflowing foamed sealant was removed, and the surface was compacted and smoothed with a trowel to restore the same flatness as the surrounding area.

[0111] This solution improves the density and uniformity of the foam sealant filling layer through hollow area detection and refill treatment. The detection process promptly identifies hidden defects, while drilling and pressure injection ensure complete filling of hollow areas, and surface treatment restores a smooth appearance. These measures work together to reduce the risk of leakage and thermal bridging caused by localized incomplete filling, thereby enhancing the sealing reliability and overall durability of the repaired area. The result is a more uniform and complete structural state of the sealing layer through proactive inspection and remediation.

[0112] In another embodiment, in the method for repairing damaged parts of the building exterior wall insulation layer, when prefabricating the insulation repair board, a closed-cell foam plastic backing strip is bonded to one of the inclined surfaces of each groove. Closed-cell foam plastic backing strips are formed in one step with the insulation board substrate under heating and pressure during the production of thermal insulation repair boards through their own adhesive layer. The cross-section of the closed-cell foam backing strip is circular with a diameter of 5-8mm; After the foam sealant has cured, the closed-cell foam backing strip forms a compressible elastic buffer layer between the foam sealant and the thermal insulation repair board.

[0113] During the prefabrication of the insulation repair board, a closed-cell foam backing strip is bonded to one of the inclined surfaces of each trapezoidal groove. The diameter of the backing strip can be 5mm, 6mm, or 8mm. The backing strip can be made of polyethylene closed-cell foam or rubber closed-cell foam material, with a circular cross-section. The backing strip is formed in one step with the insulation board substrate under heating and pressurization conditions through its own adhesive layer. The heating temperature can be selected as 80℃, 90℃, or 100℃, and the pressure can be selected as 0.1MPa, 0.15MPa, or 0.2MPa. The backing strip is continuously bonded along the length of the inclined surface of the groove, located in the middle area of ​​the groove depth, parallel to the outer surface of the insulation repair board. During the bonding process, the backing strip is partially embedded in the insulation board substrate and partially protrudes to form a contact surface, providing an elastic interface for the subsequent injection of foam sealant.

[0114] The selection of the backing strip diameter was based on a balance between cushioning effect and space occupation. The experimental subject was a molded polystyrene insulation repair board specimen with trapezoidal grooves. Experimental methods included compression rebound tests to measure the deformation recovery capacity of backing strips with different diameters. Results showed that this range could provide sufficient elastic deformation without affecting sealant filling. The heating temperature and pressure were determined by observing the activation state of the adhesive layer and pull-out bond strength to ensure a firm bond between the backing strip and the substrate. The backing strip material could be purchased from a plastics supplier, requiring a closed-cell rate of no less than 90% to ensure good elastic recovery performance. Functional testing verified the cushioning effect of the backing strip through simulated temperature cycling tests.

[0115] This solution utilizes a closed-cell foam plastic backing strip to create a compressible, elastic buffer layer between the foam sealant and the insulation repair board. The elastic properties of the backing strip allow it to adapt to the expansion and contraction of the material due to temperature changes, absorb internal stress generated during the curing process of the foam sealant, and reduce stress concentration at the interface. This buffering effect helps maintain the continuity of the sealing layer, reduces the risk of cracking due to stress accumulation, and thus improves the sealing stability and durability of the repaired area during long-term use. The effect is that the performance differences between different materials are mitigated through the coordinating action of the elastic medium, resulting in a more stable and reliable overall system.

[0116] Example 3 The steps are the same as in Example 1, including determining the repair area, measuring the thickness of the insulation layer, vertically cutting to form the repair base groove, prefabricating the insulation repair board with trapezoidal grooves, applying polymer bonding mortar, using mechanical clamps to pressurize and cure to form a trapezoidal surrounding cavity, and sealing the joints.

[0117] The difference lies in the following: during the prefabrication of the insulation repair board, a closed-cell foam backing strip is bonded to one of the inclined surfaces of each trapezoidal groove. The backing strip has a diameter of 6mm, is made of polyethylene closed-cell foam material, and has a circular cross-section. During the production of the insulation repair board, the backing strip is bonded to the insulation board substrate in one step under heating and pressurization conditions through its own adhesive layer. The heating temperature is 90℃, and the pressure is 0.15MPa. The backing strip is continuously bonded along the length of the inclined surface of the groove, located in the middle area of ​​the groove depth. Subsequent steps, including injecting foam sealant, removing excess material, sanding, applying the surface layer, and spray curing, are the same as in Example 1.

[0118] Post-repair testing: tensile bond strength 0.16 MPa, tensile strength of the plaster layer 0.12 MPa, hollow rate 0%, no water penetration during 1-hour water spray test, and thermal imaging showing a temperature difference of ≤0.4℃ between the repaired area and its surroundings. After 10 cycles of temperature cycling from -10℃ to 40℃, no visible cracks were observed on the surface. After 30 freeze-thaw cycles, the plaster layer remained intact, with no hollow areas or peeling. In the impact resistance test, the joint area performed better than in Example 1. These improvements indicate that the elastic buffer layer formed by the closed-cell foam backing strip effectively absorbs the stress generated by the curing of the foam sealant, reduces stress concentration at the interface, and thus improves the sealing stability and long-term durability of the repaired area.

[0119] In another embodiment, in the method for repairing the damaged parts of the building's exterior wall insulation layer, after applying a first layer of cement-based polymer mortar to the entire outer surface of the insulation repair board and the area of ​​the original insulation layer that has been polished, an additional alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh reinforcement strip is immediately pressed into the joint directly above the joint between the insulation repair board and the original insulation layer. The width of the additional alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh reinforcement strip is 100-150mm. Subsequently, the step of pressing in a large alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh is carried out so that the large alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh completely covers the additional alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh reinforcement strip and the entire repair area. After the second layer of cement-based polymer mortar is applied to form a complete plastering layer, an additional alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh reinforcement strip is completely embedded inside the complete plastering layer, forming a local reinforcement structure at the joints.

[0120] During the repair of damaged sections of the building's exterior wall insulation layer, the joint between the repair board and the existing insulation layer is a stress concentration area, prone to cracking under the influence of temperature changes and structural deformation. By pressing an additional alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh reinforcement strip directly above the joint, a localized reinforcement structure can be formed, effectively dispersing stress and improving crack resistance.

[0121] The width of the additional alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh reinforcement strip can be selected as 100mm, 120mm, or 150mm. The reinforcement strip can use alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh with a mesh size of 4mm×4mm or 5mm×5mm. After the first layer of cement-based polymer mortar is fully applied, immediately press the reinforcement strip directly above the joint between the insulation repair board and the retained original insulation layer, aligning its centerline with the joint. The reinforcement strip should be completely embedded in the first layer of cement-based polymer mortar, adhering tightly to the base layer without any voids. Subsequently, lay the large-area alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh, completely covering the reinforcement strip and the entire repair area, ensuring the reinforcement strip is completely encased within the plaster layer.

[0122] The selection of the reinforcing strip width was based on considerations of stress dispersion range. The experimental subjects were thermal insulation repair specimens with joints. The experimental methods included measuring the crack resistance of reinforcing strips of different widths during temperature cycling tests. The results showed that this range could effectively cover stress concentration areas. The reinforcing strip material can be purchased from building materials markets, requiring a tensile strength of not less than 1200 N / 50 mm in both warp and weft directions. During installation, a trowel was used to press the reinforcing strip into the mortar layer, ensuring it was flat, embedded, and wrinkle-free. After applying a second layer of cement-based polymer mortar, the reinforcing strip was completely embedded within the complete plaster layer, forming a uniformly thick reinforced structure.

[0123] This solution significantly improves the crack resistance of the repair system by adding an additional alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh reinforcement strip at the joint. The reinforcement strip forms a locally reinforced area directly above the joint, effectively dispersing stress caused by material differences and temperature variations, thus preventing crack initiation and propagation. The large-area alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh completely covers the reinforcement strip, ensuring the integrity and continuity of the reinforced structure. These measures work together to maintain the surface integrity of the repaired area during long-term use, reducing maintenance requirements and improving durability.

[0124] Example 4 The steps are the same as in Example 1, including determining the repair area, measuring the thickness of the insulation layer, vertically cutting to form the repair base groove, prefabricating the insulation repair board with trapezoidal grooves, applying polymer bonding mortar, using mechanical clamps to pressurize and cure to form a trapezoidal surrounding cavity, and sealing the joints.

[0125] The difference lies in the following: After applying the first layer of cement-based polymer mortar, immediately above the joint between the repaired insulation board and the retained original insulation layer, a 120mm wide additional alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh reinforcement strip is pressed in. Subsequently, a large-area alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh is laid, completely covering the additional alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh reinforcement strip and the entire repair area. After applying the second layer of cement-based polymer mortar to form a complete finishing layer, the additional alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh reinforcement strip is completely embedded within the complete finishing layer, forming a localized reinforcement structure at the joint. The remaining processing steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0126] Post-repair testing: tensile bond strength 0.16 MPa, tensile strength of the plaster layer 0.12 MPa, hollow rate 0%, no water penetration during 1-hour water spray test, and thermal imaging showing a temperature difference of ≤0.5℃ between the repaired area and its surroundings. After 10 cycles of temperature cycling from -10℃ to 40℃, only one microcrack appeared on the surface, with a crack width of less than 0.05 mm. After 30 freeze-thaw cycles, the plaster layer remained intact without cracks. Impact resistance testing showed that the impact strength of the joint area was significantly improved compared to Example 1.

[0127] Compared to Example 1, Example 4 significantly improved the crack resistance and durability of the joint by adding an additional alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh reinforcement strip. Both examples showed comparable performance in basic bonding and sealing, but in reliability tests simulating harsh environments, Example 4 demonstrated a clear advantage: fewer and narrower cracks appeared after temperature cycling, the surface remained intact after freeze-thaw cycles, and impact resistance was further improved. This proves that the localized reinforcement structure effectively dispersed stress at the joint, inhibiting crack initiation and propagation.

[0128] In another embodiment, the repair method for damaged parts of the building exterior wall insulation layer involves applying a sealant caulking layer along the junction edge of the intact plaster layer and the surrounding untreated original exterior wall finish layer after the complete plaster layer has been sprayed with moisture-retaining treatment. The sealant caulking layer is made of single-component silicone sealant, with a coating thickness of 2-3 mm and a coating width of 8-12 mm; The sealant caulking layer cures under environmental conditions to form an elastic sealing edge.

[0129] During the repair of damaged sections of the building's exterior wall insulation layer, the junction between the intact plaster layer and the surrounding untreated original exterior wall finish is a weak point. Due to differences in material properties and shrinkage characteristics, cracks can easily form under changes in ambient temperature and humidity, creating channels for moisture penetration. By applying a sealant caulking layer, a continuous, elastic sealing edge can be formed, effectively adapting to changes in joint displacement and preventing moisture intrusion and crack formation.

[0130] The thickness of the sealant caulking layer can be selected as 2mm, 2.5mm, or 3mm, and the width can be selected as 8mm, 10mm, or 12mm. A single-component silicone sealant with a displacement capacity of not less than 25% can be used. The sealant should be applied along the edge where the intact plaster layer meets the surrounding untreated original exterior wall finish, covering the entire perimeter of the repair area. Use a caulking gun to evenly squeeze the sealant into the joint, forming a continuous, uninterrupted sealing layer. The sealant will cure naturally under environmental conditions, forming a flexible, sealed edge.

[0131] The selection of coating thickness and width was based on a balance between sealing effect and material usage. The experimental subjects were joint specimens between the plaster layer and the finishing layer. The experimental methods included measuring the sealing performance of sealant layers of different sizes during joint opening compression cycles. Results showed that this range provided sufficient deformation tolerance without tearing. The sealant material can be purchased from building materials markets, requiring a surface drying time of no more than 60 minutes and a complete curing time of no more than 24 hours. Before application, the joint edges must be cleaned to ensure they are free of dust and oil. During the curing process, the sealant forms a durable bond with the substrate while maintaining sufficient elasticity to accommodate joint displacement.

[0132] This solution effectively improves the boundary sealing performance of the repair system by applying a sealant caulking layer at the edge of the repair area. The elastic properties of the sealant allow it to adapt to the expansion and contraction of the base material, filling tiny cracks caused by temperature and humidity changes and preventing moisture from seeping into the insulation system from the boundary. A continuous sealing line ensures a smooth transition between the repaired area and the original finish, maintaining the overall aesthetic integrity while providing reliable long-term waterproofing. This edge sealing measure, combined with the main repair process, constitutes a complete waterproof and crack-resistant system, significantly improving the durability and reliability of the repair project.

[0133] Summarize: Example 1 serves as the basic scheme and performance benchmark of this invention. All its indicators meet the qualified standards for reliable repair (such as sealing performance, bonding strength, and low thermal bridges), proving the effectiveness of the core technical system of "trapezoidal groove design combined with standardized construction process". It successfully solves the core problems of poor sealing and easy formation of thermal bridges in traditional repair.

[0134] Comparative Examples 1 and 4: The complete absence of the trapezoidal groove structure (whether it is a right-angle joint or surface adhesive) caused the repair to fail at the basic functional level, manifested as severe leakage, huge thermal bridges and rapid cracking, demonstrating the necessity of the trapezoidal groove structural design.

[0135] Comparative Example 2: Replacing the trapezoidal groove with a rectangular groove provides some improvement, but still results in incomplete sealing and uneven thermal bridging, demonstrating the superiority of the trapezoidal cross section in achieving uniform filling and mechanical interlocking.

[0136] Comparative Example 3: While retaining the trapezoidal grooves, the reinforced plaster layer was simplified, resulting in a significant decrease in crack resistance. This demonstrates that a complete plaster layer system (mortar combined with alkali-resistant mesh) is indispensable for resisting temperature stress and ensuring long-term durability, and together with the trapezoidal grooves, constitutes the basic technical system of this invention.

[0137] Example 2 (Interface Enhancement): By adding epoxy resin interface treatment, the strongest bonding performance and the best overall durability are achieved, representing a solution with the highest requirements for extreme reliability and service life.

[0138] Example 3 (Stress Buffer): By adding closed-cell foam backing strips, the crack resistance problem was effectively solved, and the impact resistance was improved. This represents a repair scenario with large temperature differences and high deformation adaptability and crack resistance.

[0139] Example 4 (Local Reinforcement): By adding additional alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh reinforcement strips, a local reinforcement structure is formed at the joint, which significantly improves crack resistance and impact resistance. This represents a repair scenario where there are special reinforcement requirements for the joint area and long-term crack resistance and impact resistance are emphasized.

[0140] Conclusion: Example 1 is an essential core solution for ensuring repair quality and solving common industry problems; Comparative Examples 1-4 demonstrate the necessity of each element in this core solution from the opposite perspective; Examples 2-4 are high-performance optimization options based on the solid foundation of the core solution, which can be superimposed according to specific engineering needs to achieve customized superior performance. This modular design concept of "basic guarantee + on-demand enhancement" greatly enhances the practicality, adaptability, and industrial value of this invention.

[0141] Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and embodiments shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A method for repairing a damaged portion of an external wall insulation layer of a building, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: After determining the area to be repaired of the thermal insulation layer of the building outer wall, a thickness gauge is used to measure the thickness of the original thermal insulation layer to be reserved, and the thickness value is recorded as the target thickness of the prefabricated thermal insulation repair plate; A vertical cutting is performed along the contour line of the area to be repaired, and the cutting depth is the total thickness of the thermal insulation layer outside the surface of the base wall, and then all the damaged thermal insulation materials within the contour line are removed to form a repair base groove enclosed by the bottom surface of the base wall and the vertical surface of the original thermal insulation layer to be reserved; The size of the repair base groove is measured, and a thermal insulation repair plate matching the target thickness value is prefabricated, and all the side edges of the thermal insulation repair plate are processed with continuous grooves in trapezoidal cross section; Polymer adhesive mortar is uniformly coated on the surface of the base wall in the repair base groove and the mounting surface of the thermal insulation repair plate, and then the thermal insulation repair plate is embedded into the repair base groove, and a mechanical clamp is used to apply a pressure of 0.08-0.12 MPa to the thermal insulation repair plate until the adhesive mortar is solidified; in this state, the outer surface of the thermal insulation repair plate is flush with the outer surface of the original thermal insulation layer to be reserved, and the grooves of each side edge of the thermal insulation repair plate and the vertical surface of the original thermal insulation layer to be reserved form a continuous ring-shaped cavity in trapezoidal cross section together; An injection nozzle of two-component polyurethane foaming sealant is inserted into the bottom of the cavity, and then the foaming sealant is injected into the cavity until the foaming sealant uniformly overflows from the top edge of the cavity and completely fills the cavity; The cavity is kept in a closed state filled with the foaming sealant for 60-120 min to allow the foaming sealant to be fully solidified; then the excess foaming sealant overflowing from the cavity is removed to make the surface of the foaming sealant flush with the outer surface of the thermal insulation repair plate and the outer surface of the original thermal insulation layer to be reserved; The outer surface of the original thermal insulation layer to be reserved adjacent to the four sides of the thermal insulation repair plate is polished, and the width of the polishing area is 100-200 mm until the original finish layer of the polishing area is removed to expose the internal plaster layer or thermal insulation layer; A first layer of cement-based polymer mortar is fully coated on the entire outer surface of the thermal insulation repair plate and the polishing area of the outer surface of the original thermal insulation layer to be reserved, and then a large-area alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh is pressed into the first layer of cement-based polymer mortar to make the large-area alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh flat and completely embedded in the first layer of cement-based polymer mortar; A second layer of cement-based polymer mortar is coated on the surface covered with the large-area alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh, and the second layer of cement-based polymer mortar completely covers the large-area alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh thereunder and forms a complete plaster layer with the first layer of cement-based polymer mortar, and the total thickness of the complete plaster layer is 3-5 mm; The complete plaster layer is sprayed for moisture curing, and the curing time is not less than 48 h.

2. The method for repairing a damaged portion of an external wall insulation layer of a building according to claim 1, wherein Before the injection nozzle of the two-component polyurethane foaming sealant is inserted into the bottom of the cavity, an epoxy resin-based adhesive is coated on the inner surface of the cavity by using a brush, and the coating thickness is 0.05-0.1 mm; After the epoxy resin-based adhesive is coated, 5-8 min is waited; Then, a clean non-woven fabric sheet is pressed against the surface of the epoxy resin-based adhesive at a pressure of 5-10 N, and the non-woven fabric sheet is lifted after 3 s, and the non-woven fabric sheet is checked; If the non-woven fabric sheet is not infiltrated by the epoxy resin-based adhesive and the surface has no continuous glue marks, a hot air gun with a power of 800-1200W and an outlet temperature of 50-70℃ is used, the hot air gun outlet is kept at a constant distance of 100-150mm from the surface of the epoxy resin-based adhesive, and the hot air gun is moved parallel at a speed of 0.2-0.5m / s to make the hot air evenly cover the entire surface of the epoxy resin-based adhesive; If the non-woven fabric sheet is infiltrated by the epoxy resin-based adhesive or the surface has continuous glue marks, continue to wait for 1-2min, then repeat the non-woven fabric sheet pressing test until the non-woven fabric sheet is not infiltrated by the epoxy resin-based adhesive and the surface has no continuous glue marks, and then perform the above hot air gun treatment; After completing the hot air gun treatment, insert the injection nozzle of the two-component polyurethane foaming sealant into the bottom of the cavity for injection operation; Subsequently, keep the cavity in a closed state filled with the foaming sealant for 60-120min, during which the curing of the foaming sealant and the final curing of the epoxy resin-based adhesive are completed.

3. The method for repairing a damaged portion of an external wall insulation layer of a building according to claim 1, wherein The two-way orthogonal glass fiber reinforced rib mesh is pre-embedded in the thermal repair plate, the mesh size of the glass fiber reinforced rib mesh is 4mm×4mm, and the distance between the glass fiber reinforced rib mesh and the outer surface of the thermal repair plate is 1 / 3 of the thickness of the thermal repair plate.

4. The method for repairing a damaged portion of an exterior wall insulation layer of a building according to claim 1, wherein After forming the repair base groove, evenly spraying the penetration type interface reinforcing agent on the vertical surface of the reserved original thermal insulation layer using a sprayer before the step of evenly coating the polymer bonding mortar on the surface of the base layer wall in the repair base groove and the installation surface of the thermal insulation repair plate, the spraying amount is 0.2-0.3kg / m 2 , and after spraying once, naturally penetrating and curing for 30-60min.

5. The method for repairing a damaged portion of an exterior wall insulation layer of a building according to claim 1, wherein After the polymer bonding mortar is coated on the surface of the base wall in the repair base groove, before the thermal insulation repair plate is embedded in the repair base groove, a glass fiber reinforced lining cloth is laid on the polymer bonding mortar layer on the surface of the base wall, the unit area mass of the glass fiber reinforced lining cloth is 300-500 g / m 2 ; The thermal repair plate is pressed into the polymer-bonded mortar layer with the glass fiber reinforced lining cloth, and a mechanical clamp is used to apply a pressure of 0.08-0.12MPa; The polymer-bonded mortar extrudes from the mesh of the glass fiber reinforced lining cloth, forming an embedded composite bonding layer.

6. The method for repairing a damaged portion of an exterior wall insulation layer of a building according to claim 1, wherein After inserting the injection nozzle of the two-component polyurethane foaming sealant into the bottom of the cavity, before injecting the foaming sealant into the cavity through the pressure injection equipment, first place three temporary pads with a thickness of 2-3mm at the top edge of the cavity in intervals; Inject the foaming sealant into the cavity through the pressure injection equipment at an injection pressure of 0.3-0.5MPa until the foaming sealant uniformly overflows from the top edge of the cavity and completely fills the cavity; After maintaining the injection pressure for 10-15s, remove the temporary pads in sequence; Immediately use a handheld injection gun to supplement the injection of the foaming sealant into the hole formed after removing the temporary pads, and the supplement injection pressure is controlled within 0.2-0.4MPa; Use a spatula to compact and smooth the supplemented foaming sealant together with the surrounding overflow material, so that the surface of the foaming sealant is flush with the outer surface of the thermal repair plate and the outer surface of the remaining original thermal layer.

7. The method for repairing a damaged portion of an exterior wall insulation of a building according to claim 1, wherein After removing the excess foaming sealant from the overflow cavity to make the surface of the foaming sealant flush with the outer surface of the thermal repair plate and the outer surface of the remaining original thermal layer, before polishing the outer surface of the remaining original thermal layer adjacent to the four sides of the thermal repair plate, use a hollow detection hammer to knock and check the foaming sealant filled area; For the found hollow parts, drill an injection hole with a diameter of 3-5mm through the foaming sealant layer at the center of the hollow part; Use a handheld injection gun to supplement the injection of the two-component polyurethane foaming sealant into the hollow part through the injection hole until the foaming sealant overflows from around the injection hole; Remove the overflowing foaming sealant to restore the surface to be flat.

8. The method for repairing a damaged portion of an exterior wall insulation of a building according to claim 1, wherein In the prefabrication of the thermal insulation repair board, a strip of closed-cell foam backing is bonded to one of the inclined surfaces of each groove; The closed-cell foam backing strip is formed in one step with the thermal insulation board substrate under heating and pressure during the production of the thermal insulation repair board; The cross section of the closed-cell foam backing strip is circular with a diameter of 5-8mm; The closed-cell foam backing strip forms a compressible and elastic buffer layer between the foamed sealant and the thermal insulation repair board after the foamed sealant is cured.

9. The method for repairing a damaged portion of an exterior wall insulation of a building according to claim 1, wherein Immediately after the first layer of cement-based polymer mortar is applied to the entire outer surface of the thermal insulation repair board and the outer surface area of the original thermal insulation layer that is reserved after sanding, a strip of additional alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh reinforcement tape is pressed into the joint between the thermal insulation repair board and the reserved original thermal insulation layer, and the width of the additional alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh reinforcement tape is 100-150mm; Subsequently, the step of pressing in the large-area alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh is performed to completely cover the additional alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh reinforcement tape and the entire repair area; After the second layer of cement-based polymer mortar is applied to form a complete finishing layer, the additional alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh reinforcement tape is completely embedded in the complete finishing layer and forms a local reinforcement structure at the joint.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: applying a second layer of the repair material over the first layer of the repair material. After the spray misting of the complete finishing layer for moisture curing is completed, a sealant joint layer is applied along the interface between the complete finishing layer and the surrounding untreated original outer wall finish layer; The material of the sealant joint layer is single-component silicone sealant, the application thickness is 2-3mm, and the application width is 8-12mm; The sealant joint layer is cured under ambient conditions to form an elastic seal line.