Self-powered sensor and method for wave height monitoring

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ocean energy sensing equipment, in particular to a self-powered sensor and method for wave height monitoring. The self-energized sensor comprises a first shell with two open ends, a sealed second shell and a plurality of power generation units. The upper end of the first shell is fixedly installed on one side of the second shell, and the lower end of the first shell is bent outwards. The multiple power generation units are sequentially arranged in the axis direction of the second shell. The power generation unit comprises a rotating part, a first substrate and a second substrate, a dielectric layer and an electrode layer which are different in electronegativity are arranged on the two opposite side walls of the first substrate and the second substrate, the rotating part rotates to drive the second substrate to rotate relative to the first substrate, and then the dielectric layer and the electrode layer are driven to move relatively to generate current. The self-energized sensor provided by the invention not only can monitor the wave height based on the electric signal output by the power generation unit, but also can supply power to the sensor by the generated electric signal, so that the self-energized sensor provided by the scheme can stably run for a long time.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of ocean energy sensing devices, in particular to a self-powered sensor and method for wave height monitoring. BACKGROUND

[0002] As an important natural phenomenon in the marine environment, sea waves have always been the focus of human research and monitoring. Accurate measurement and prediction of sea wave height is of great significance to marine environment monitoring, ship safety, maritime operations and many other fields. Traditional sea wave height detection methods usually rely on manual observation or simple measurement devices, such as sea wave height sensors. There are various types of sea wave height sensors, but the service life of existing sea wave height sensors is limited due to problems such as seawater corrosion, biological attachment and battery aging. In addition, due to the short battery life of existing sea wave height sensors and the cumbersome and expensive replacement in seawater environment, the existing sea wave height sensors are prone to power interruption, affecting their timeliness and stability. Moreover, the low monitoring accuracy of existing sea wave height sensors makes it difficult for them to effectively and stably monitor sea waves. SUMMARY

[0003] In order to solve the technical problem that the existing sea wave height sensor cannot monitor the wave height for a long time and stably, the present application provides a self-powered sensor and method for wave height monitoring.

[0004] The present application adopts the following technical scheme: a self-powered sensor for wave height monitoring, comprising a shell one with both ends open, a sealed shell two and a plurality of power generation units. The upper end of the shell one is fixedly installed on one side of the shell two, and the lower end is bent outward. The plurality of power generation units are arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the shell two, each power generation unit is used to generate an independent electric signal under the push of the wave, and the wave height is determined according to the position information and the electric signal of the power generation unit. The power generation unit comprises a rotating member and a substrate one and a substrate two respectively installed in the shell two, the substrate one is fixedly installed in the shell two, the rotating member is installed in the shell one and its other end passes through the shell one and the substrate one in sequence and is fixedly connected with the substrate two. A pair of dielectric layers and electrode layers with different electrical properties are arranged on the opposite sides of the substrate one and the substrate two, the rotation of the rotating member drives the substrate two to rotate relative to the substrate one, and then drives the dielectric layers and the electrode layers to move relative to each other to generate current.

[0005] As a further improvement of the present application, the shell two is vertically arranged and the bottom of the shell two is lower than the bottom of the shell one along the axial direction of the shell two; the bottom of the shell two is used to insert into the water bottom and the depth of the insertion into the water bottom is less than the distance between the bottom of the shell two and the bottom of the shell one.

[0006] As a further improvement of the present invention, the rotating component includes a turbine and a connecting rod. The connecting rod is disposed inside the first housing and its other end is inserted horizontally into the second housing and passes through the first substrate and is fixedly connected to the second substrate. The connecting rod can rotate relative to the second housing. The turbine is fixedly mounted vertically on the connecting rod at one end of the first housing. The turbine is used to rotate under the impetus of waves entering the second housing and drives the second substrate to rotate relative to the first substrate through the connecting rod.

[0007] As a further improvement of the present invention, both substrate one and substrate two are disc-shaped structures, with a spacer between substrate one and substrate two, which is used to separate the dielectric layer and the electrode layer.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, there are multiple dielectric layers and electrode layers, and both dielectric layers and electrode layers have a fan-shaped structure. Multiple dielectric layers are distributed at equal intervals on a first substrate, and multiple electrode layers are distributed at equal intervals on a second substrate, with the same spacing between adjacent electrode layers and adjacent dielectric layers.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the height of the lowest power generation unit in the axial direction of the second housing is higher than the bending point at the lower end of the second housing, and the interval between two adjacent power generation units is equal.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the wave height monitoring process is as follows: the position information of each power generation unit and the number of electrical signals generated by multiple power generation units are obtained respectively. The wave height is determined to be between the power generation units that generate electrical signals and the power generation units that do not generate electrical signals by obtaining the number of electrical signals generated by the power generation units. Then, the position of the wave height is obtained according to the position information of the power generation units.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the housing is a cylindrical housing, and the turbine is disposed on the central axis of the housing.

[0012] The present invention also includes a wave height monitoring method, which employs a self-powered wave height monitoring sensor as described above. The wave height monitoring method includes: acquiring the distance L between the lowest power generation unit along the axial direction of the second shell and the bottom of the second shell, the depth H of the second shell inserted into the bottom of the water, and the distance A between two adjacent power generation units. The number b of electrical signals generated by the power generation units at a certain moment is acquired; thus, the position range of the wave height D at that moment is obtained as: L-H+A*b≥D≥L-H+(A-1)b.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the wave height monitoring method is also used to obtain the number b of electrical signals generated by the power generation unit at a certain time t1. t1 And the number of electrical signals b generated by the power generation unit at the next time t2. t2 To determine the change in seawater level at time t2, the determination process is as follows: If bt1 >b t2 If b, it means that the sea level at time t2 is high tide; t1 <b t2 This indicates that the sea level at time t2 is low tide; if b t1 =b t2 If the value is 0, it means that the seawater level remains unchanged.

[0014] The technical solution provided by this invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The self-powered wave height monitoring sensor provided in this scheme is constructed by setting up multiple power generation units. Each power generation unit includes a rotating component, a substrate one, and a substrate two. The two opposite side walls of substrate one and substrate two can be respectively bonded with dielectric layers and electrode layers to form a triboelectric nanogenerator. This self-powered sensor based on the combination of rotating component and triboelectric nanogenerator can not only be used for real-time wave height monitoring, but also achieve good collection and utilization of low-frequency energy such as wave energy through the synergistic effect of rotating component and triboelectric nanogenerator, and efficiently convert it into electrical energy. Thus, the self-powered sensor provided in this scheme can be used for a long time without additional equipment to provide power. In addition, the self-powered sensor of this scheme can also realize real-time monitoring of the wave height of the monitored area based on the position information and electrical signal of the power generation unit. This wave height monitoring scheme based on the principle of triboelectric nanogenerator can effectively monitor even weak wave fluctuations and continuously generate electrical energy based on weak fluctuations, so that the self-powered sensor provided in this scheme can operate stably under small wave conditions. At the same time, it improves the monitoring accuracy and monitoring stability of the self-powered sensor constructed in this scheme. Furthermore, the electrical energy obtained during the monitoring process can be used for self-powering, thus enabling the self-powered sensor provided by this solution to achieve long-term and stable real-time monitoring of wave height.

[0015] (2) The self-powered wave height monitoring sensor provided by the present invention has a simple, reliable and durable structure compared with other similar sensors. By using a triboelectric nanogenerator, it can continuously output electrical signals even under centimeter-level weak fluctuations. The output electrical signals can be used to monitor wave height and generate electrical signals to power itself. This allows the self-powered wave height monitoring sensor provided by the present invention to not only operate stably under small wave conditions, but also to operate for a long time due to its self-powered nature. Thus, the self-powered sensor provided by the present invention can monitor wave height in real time, for a long time and stably. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the self-powered sensor for wave height monitoring provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the self-powered sensor for wave height monitoring provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the power generation unit provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the power generation unit provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention when the rotating component is separated from the first substrate and the second substrate.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when substrate one and substrate two are separated in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0021] The components in the diagram are labeled as follows: 1. Shell 1; 2. Shell 2; 31. Rotating component; 311. Turbine; 312. Connecting rod; 32. Substrate 1; 33. Substrate 2; 34. Dielectric layer; 35. Electrode layer. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will now be further described in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that directional terms such as "center," "lateral," "longitudinal," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise" indicate the orientation and positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. They should not be construed as limiting the specific scope of protection of this invention. The terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification and claims of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. The terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the specification and claims of this invention, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0024] Example 1 This embodiment provides a self-powered sensor for wave height monitoring. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 and Figure 2The system comprises a housing 1, a housing 2, and multiple power generation units. Housing 1 is an open structure at both ends, while housing 2 is a sealed structure. The upper end of housing 1 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of housing 2, and the lower end of housing 1 is bent outwards. In this design, the lower end of housing 1 is inserted into the water. By setting the lower end of housing 1 to bend outwards, an angle is formed between the lower ends of housing 1 and housing 2. This angle improves the stability of the entire self-powered sensor, preventing it from overturning. Simultaneously, water energy enters housing 1 along the inclined structure, allowing more waves entering housing 1 to act on the rotating component 31, thereby improving the wave energy utilization efficiency of the power generation unit. In practical applications, the bending angle of the lower end of housing 1 can be set according to the actual monitoring area to be installed. Please refer to... Figures 2 to 4The power generation unit includes a rotating component 31, a first substrate 32, and a second substrate 33. Both the first substrate 32 and the second substrate 33 are mounted inside a second housing 2 and positioned opposite each other. The first substrate 32 is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the first housing 1. One end of the rotating component 31 is mounted inside the first housing 1, and the other end of the rotating component 31 passes through the first housing 1 and the first substrate 32 in sequence and is fixedly connected to the second substrate 33. A pair of dielectric layers 34 and electrode layers 35 with different electronegativity are adhered to the opposite side walls of the first substrate 32 and the second substrate 33. Rotation of the rotating component 31 causes the second substrate 33 to rotate relative to the first substrate 32, thereby causing the dielectric layers 34 and the electrode layers 35 to move relative to each other and generate current. In this design, the first substrate 32 and the second substrate 33 can form a triboelectric nanogenerator, and the rotating component 31 is a device that provides a power source for the triboelectric nanogenerator. By placing the triboelectric nanogenerator composed of substrate 1 32 and substrate 2 33 within the sealed housing 2 and the rotating component 31 within the open housing 1, the rotating component 31 can be in contact with the outside environment, thus converting external energy into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy is then converted into electrical energy by driving substrate 2 33 to rotate relative to substrate 1 32. This also effectively protects the triboelectric nanogenerator from moisture. Multiple power generation units can be arranged sequentially along the axis of housing 2 2. Each power generation unit generates an independent electrical signal under the influence of waves. Based on the position information of the power generation units and the electrical signals, the wave height of the monitored area can be determined. The self-powered sensor provided by this solution can not only monitor wave height in real time but also collect wave energy through the synergistic effect of the rotating component 31 and the triboelectric nanogenerator, converting the collected wave energy into electrical energy for self-powering. This eliminates the need for additional equipment to provide power to the self-powered sensor. Furthermore, by employing a triboelectric nanogenerator, low-frequency wave energy can be effectively collected and utilized, efficiently converted into electrical energy. This allows the self-powered sensor provided in this solution to operate for extended periods without the need for additional power supply. Moreover, the self-powered sensor in this solution can monitor wave height in real time based on the location information and electrical signals of the power generation unit. This wave height monitoring scheme based on the triboelectric nanogenerator principle can effectively monitor even weak wave fluctuations and continuously generate electrical energy based on these fluctuations, enabling the self-powered sensor to operate stably even under low wave conditions. This also improves the monitoring accuracy and stability of the self-powered sensor constructed in this solution. The electrical energy obtained during monitoring provides self-power, allowing the self-powered sensor provided in this solution to achieve long-term and stable real-time monitoring of wave height. In addition, by incorporating the rotating component 31 and the triboelectric nanogenerator, this solution efficiently converts wave energy into electrical energy, simultaneously powering the sensor itself. This eliminates the need for maintenance and significantly extends the sensor's lifespan.

[0025] Specifically, the self-powered sensor provided in this solution can be used to monitor seawater wave height. When using the self-powered sensor provided in this solution to monitor seawater wave height, the wave height monitoring principle and power generation principle of the self-powered sensor provided in this solution can be described in conjunction with the specific structure. First, the bottom of the second shell 2 can be fixed to the bottom of the seawater area where the wave height needs to be monitored. When fixing the second shell 2, it is necessary to avoid the bottom of the first shell 1 also being inserted into the bottom of the seawater, that is, to ensure that the bottom of the first shell 1 is located in the seawater. Since the first shell 1 has an open structure at both ends, based on the principle of communicating vessels, seawater will enter the first shell 1 along the bottom of the first shell 1, that is, flow upward from the bottom of the first shell 1 until the liquid surface is level with the sea surface. As the waves rise and fall inside the first shell 1, they will drive the rotating part 31 inside the first shell 1 to rotate. Under the rotation of the rotating part 31, the second substrate 33 can be driven to rotate relative to the first substrate 32. The dielectric layer 34 and the electrode layer 35 located on the first substrate 32 and the second substrate 33 will then move relative to each other, thereby generating an induced current. Through the aforementioned series of operations, the self-powered sensor provided in this solution can convert wave energy into electrical energy. The generated electrical energy can be stored in an energy storage circuit, and after rectification, it can be used by the self-powered sensor itself. Excess electrical energy can also be stored to power other components. Simultaneously, since this solution provides multiple power generation units arranged sequentially along the axis of shell 2, each unit can generate an independent electrical signal under the wave fluctuations within shell 1. Therefore, in this solution, the wave height of the monitored area can be obtained based on the position information and electrical signals of the power generation units. A specific method for obtaining wave height information is described below: After the self-powered sensor is installed, the water level inside shell 1, based on the principle of communicating vessels, can remain level with the seawater level and can adaptively rise and fall with changes in the seawater level (such as rising or falling). Therefore, in this solution, monitoring changes in the water level within shell 1 can effectively replace monitoring changes in the seawater level. In actual monitoring, since multiple power generation units are sequentially arranged along the axis of shell 2, the number of power generation units producing electrical signals varies at different sea levels. Therefore, in this scheme, the wave height can be determined based on the location information of the power generation units and the number of electrical signals they generate. First, we can calibrate the position of each power generation unit to obtain its location information. Then, based on the electrical signal information, we can determine the number of electrical signals generated by each unit at that moment. The number of electrical signals indicates that the wave height within shell 2 lies between the power generation units that generate electrical signals and those that do not. Combining this with the location information of each power generation unit, we can determine the approximate wave height of the area to be monitored.In practical applications, to improve the accuracy of wave height detection range, the gap between two adjacent power generation units can be set relatively small (e.g., 1 cm), thus controlling the wave height monitoring accuracy within 1 cm. This solution, by setting up power generation units, can effectively collect low-frequency wave energy (such as wave energy) and convert it into electrical energy through rotating component 31 and a triboelectric generator, achieving self-powered operation. Simultaneously, the wave height of the monitored area can be determined based on the position information and electrical signals of the power generation units. Furthermore, the triboelectric nanogenerator can effectively collect low-frequency wave energy and generate electrical signals, which change with the wave height. Therefore, the self-powered sensor provided by this solution can effectively monitor wave height in real time with high sensitivity. In this design, multiple power generation units are sequentially arranged along the axis of shell 2. Therefore, when the tide begins to rise, the water level rises. According to the principle of communicating vessels, the water level inside shell 1 also rises. The rising water flow hits the blades of turbine 311, causing it to rotate. This, in turn, causes substrate 2 33 to rotate relative to substrate 1 32. Consequently, the dielectric layer 34 and electrode layer 35 rotate relative to each other, generating electrical signals. In actual use, the more electrical signals generated, the more turbines 311 are driven to rotate by the water level inside shell 1, indicating a higher tide level. The principle of ebb tide is the same as that of high tide, so it will not be described again.

[0026] The second housing 2 is vertically positioned, and its bottom is lower than that of the first housing 1 along its axial direction. The bottom of the second housing 2 is inserted into the water, and the depth of insertion is less than the distance between the bottom of the second housing 2 and the bottom of the first housing 1. This arrangement ensures that when the self-powered sensor is fixed using the second housing 2, the bottom of the first housing 1 will not come into contact with the bottom of the seawater. This allows water in the detection area to enter from the bottom of the first housing 1, and based on the principle of communicating vessels, the water level inside the first housing 1 remains level with the external water level. This allows the change in water level inside the first housing 1 to be used as an equivalent substitute for the change in external water level, thereby achieving the purpose of monitoring wave height.

[0027] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 3 as well as Figure 4The rotating component 31 includes a turbine 311 and a connecting rod 312. The connecting rod 312 is disposed inside the housing 1, with its other end inserted horizontally into the housing 2 and passing through the substrate 32 to be fixedly connected to the substrate 33. The turbine 311 is mounted vertically on the connecting rod 312 at one end disposed inside the housing 1. The turbine 311 is used to rotate around the connecting rod 312 as a pivot under the wave propulsion within the housing 2, and under the action of the connecting rod 312, it can drive the substrate 33 to rotate relative to the substrate 32, thereby realizing relative rotation between the dielectric layer 34 and the electrode layer 35 to generate an induced current.

[0028] The connection points between the connecting rod 312 and housing 1, between the connecting rod 312 and housing 2, and between the connecting rod 312 and substrate 32 can all be connected by bearings. During the connection process with housing 2, sealing rings or other sealing components can be used to provide a seal at the connection point to prevent water from entering housing 2. This achieves the purpose of protecting the triboelectric nanogenerator composed of substrate 32, substrate 33, dielectric layer 34, and electrode layer 35 installed in housing 2.

[0029] The housing 1 can be a cylindrical structure, while the housing 2 can be a straight cylindrical structure. The turbine 311 can be positioned on the central axis of the housing 1, allowing it to utilize more wave energy and thus improve the power generation efficiency of the generator unit. The upper and lower ends of the housing 2 can be sealed with a cover; this sealed cover design facilitates the installation of the triboelectric nanogenerator within the housing 1 and also facilitates subsequent maintenance of the triboelectric nanogenerator.

[0030] Please refer to Figure 5Both substrate 1 (32) and substrate 2 (33) can be disc-shaped structures. The length of housing 2 is greater than the diameter of the disc-shaped substrate 2 (33), allowing substrate 2 (33) to rotate within housing 2. The centers of the disc-shaped substrates 1 (32) and 2 (33) are both on the central axis of connecting rod 312. In this design, dielectric layer 34 can be attached to substrate 1 (32), and electrode layer 35 can be attached to substrate 2 (33). Alternatively, electrode layer 35 can be attached to substrate 1 (32), and dielectric layer 34 can be attached to substrate 2 (33). Multiple dielectric layers 34 and electrode layers 35 are available, and both are fan-shaped structures. Multiple dielectric layers 34 can be evenly distributed on substrate 1 (32), and multiple electrode layers 35 can be evenly distributed on substrate 2 (33). The spacing between adjacent electrode layers 35 and adjacent dielectric layers 34 is the same. A spacer can be provided between substrate 1 32 and substrate 2 33 to separate the dielectric layer 34 and electrode layer 35. By providing the spacer, substrate 1 32, substrate 2 33, dielectric layer 34, and electrode layer 35 can form an independent layer triboelectric nanogenerator. Constructing an independent layer triboelectric nanogenerator further improves the power generation efficiency of the power generation unit. Furthermore, setting the dielectric layer 34 and electrode layer 35 as a non-contact structure effectively improves the durability of the entire self-powered sensor, i.e., extends its service life. In this design, electrode layer 35 can be made of highly conductive metals such as copper or aluminum, while dielectric layer 34 can preferably be made of polymeric materials with good electronegativity, such as fluorinated materials: fluorinated isopropylene (FEP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). By setting up a non-contact triboelectric generator, the problems of large size, high cost, and frequent maintenance required by existing wave height monitoring sensors can be effectively solved. At the same time, this non-contact structure design provides more options in terms of structural design and material selection for triboelectric nanogenerators.

[0031] Along the axial direction of housing 2, the lowest power generation unit is positioned above the bending point at the lower end of housing 2, and the spacing between adjacent power generation units is equal. This arrangement improves the stability of the entire self-powered sensor, while the turbine 311 of each power generation unit is vertically positioned, effectively converting waves along the axial direction of housing 2 into the rotation of the turbine 311, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the entire self-powered sensor.

[0032] Example 2 This solution, based on the self-powered sensor for wave height monitoring provided in Example 1, also provides a wave height monitoring method, which uses the self-powered sensor for wave height monitoring in Example 1 for monitoring. The wave height monitoring method includes: The location information of each power generation unit and the number of electrical signals generated by multiple power generation units are obtained respectively. By obtaining the number of electrical signals generated by the power generation units, the wave height is determined to be between the power generation units that generate electrical signals and those that do not generate electrical signals. Then, the position of the wave height is obtained based on the location information of the power generation units.

[0033] The location information of each power generation unit can be obtained through calibration. A specific method is described below: Each power generation unit is installed at equal intervals (A) on the housing 2. Simultaneously, the distance L from the lowest power generation unit along the axis of housing 2 to the bottom of housing 2, and the depth H of housing 2 inserted into the water are obtained. Then, the number of electrical signals b generated by the power generation units at a certain moment is obtained, thus determining the position range of wave height D at that moment as: L - H + A * b ≥ D ≥ L - H + (A - 1) b. In practical applications, the interval A can be selected according to the required monitoring accuracy. If high wave height accuracy is required, the interval A can be set smaller to meet the monitoring needs. If only wave height changes need to be monitored, the interval A can be appropriately increased to reduce the number of power generation units, thereby reducing the overall manufacturing cost of the self-powered sensor. Furthermore, the number of power generation units and the interval between adjacent power generation units in the self-powered sensor provided by this solution can be flexibly set according to the depth of the actual monitored seawater area and the required monitoring accuracy.

[0034] In this scheme, the wave height monitoring method is also used to determine seawater level changes. The process is as follows: by acquiring the number b of electrical signals generated by the power generation unit at a certain time t1. t1 And the number of electrical signals b generated by the power generation unit at the next time t2. t2 To determine the change in seawater level at time t2, the determination process is as follows: If b t1 >b t2 If b, it means that the sea level at time t2 is high tide; t1 <b t2 This indicates that the sea level at time t2 is low tide; if b t1 =b t2 If the value is 0, it means that the seawater level remains unchanged.

[0035] Therefore, the self-powered sensors provided by this solution can not only obtain wave height, but also monitor changes in seawater level in real time. The data on wave height and seawater level changes can provide real-time risk warnings for ship navigation, fishing operations, and maritime search and rescue, preventing ship capsizing and personnel distress. They can also assist in the analysis of ocean currents, storm surges, and other marine phenomena, and improve climate prediction models. Furthermore, by monitoring wave height, the impact of waves on existing engineering projects can be assessed, timely warnings of structural damage risks can be issued, and operational safety can be ensured.

[0036] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of this invention have been described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that this invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of protection claimed by this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A self-powered sensor for wave height monitoring, characterized in that It includes two open-ended shell one (1), sealed shell two (2) and a plurality of power generation units; the upper end of shell one (1) is fixedly installed on one side of shell two (2) and its lower end is curved outward; a plurality of power generation units are arranged in turn along the axis direction of shell two (2), each power generation unit is used to generate independent electric signal under the wave push, and the wave height is determined according to the position information and electric signal of the power generation unit; the power generation unit includes rotating part (31) and substrate one (32) and substrate two (33) respectively installed in shell two (2), substrate one (32) is fixedly installed in shell two (2), rotating part (31) is installed in shell one (1) and its other end passes through shell one (1) and substrate one (32) in turn and is fixedly connected with substrate two (33), a pair of dielectric layers (34) and electrode layers (35) with different electrical negativity are arranged on the opposite two side walls of substrate one (32) and substrate, the rotation of rotating part (31) drives substrate two (33) to rotate relative to substrate one (32), and then drives dielectric layer (34) and electrode layer (35) to move relatively to generate current.

2. A self-powered wave height monitoring sensor according to claim 1, wherein, The shell two (2) is vertically arranged, and the bottom of the shell two (2) is lower than the bottom of the shell one (1) along the axis direction of the shell two (2); the bottom of the shell two (2) is used for inserting into the water bottom, and the depth of insertion into the water bottom is less than the distance between the bottom of the shell two (2) and the bottom of the shell one (1).

3. The self-powered wave height monitoring sensor of claim 1, wherein, The rotating part (31) includes a turbine (311) and a connecting rod (312), the connecting rod (312) is arranged in the shell one (1) and the other end is inserted into the shell two (2) in the horizontal direction and is fixedly connected with the substrate two (33) through the substrate one (32); the connecting rod (312) can rotate relative to the shell two (2); the turbine (311) is fixedly installed on the connecting rod (312) at one end of the shell one (1) in the vertical direction; the turbine (311) is used for rotating under the push of the wave entering the shell two (2), and drives the substrate two (33) to rotate relative to the substrate one (32) through the connecting rod (312).

4. The self-powered wave height monitoring sensor of claim 1, wherein, The substrate one (32) and the substrate two (33) are both disc-shaped structures, and a gasket is arranged between the substrate one (32) and the substrate two (33), the gasket is used for separating the dielectric layer (34) and the electrode layer (35).

5. A self-powered wave height monitoring sensor according to claim 4, wherein, The number of the dielectric layer (34) and the electrode layer (35) is multiple, and the dielectric layer (34) and the electrode layer (35) are both fan-shaped structures, a plurality of the dielectric layer (34) is equally spaced on the substrate one (32), a plurality of the electrode layer (35) is equally spaced on the substrate two (33), and the interval between adjacent two electrode layers (35) and adjacent two dielectric layers (34) is the same.

6. The self-powered wave height monitoring sensor of claim 1, wherein, The height of the lowermost power generation unit in the axial direction of the second shell (2) is higher than the bending point of the lower end of the second shell (2), and the spacing between adjacent two power generation units is equal.

7. The self-powered wave height monitoring sensor of claim 1, wherein, The wave height acquisition process is as follows: the position information of each power generation unit and the number of electric signals generated by the plurality of power generation units are acquired respectively, the number of electric signals generated by the power generation unit is acquired to determine that the wave height is located between the power generation unit generating electric signal and the power generation unit not generating electric signal, and then the position of the wave height is acquired according to the position information of the power generation unit.

8. The self-powered wave height monitoring sensor of claim 3, wherein, The first shell (1) is a cylindrical shell, and the turbine (311) is arranged on the central axis of the first shell (1).

9. A wave height monitoring method characterized by, The wave height monitoring method comprises: acquiring the distance L between the lowermost power generation unit in the axial direction of the second shell (2) and the bottom of the second shell (2), the depth H of the second shell (2) inserted into the bottom of the water, and the distance A between adjacent two power generation units; The number b of electric signals generated by the power generation unit at a certain moment is acquired, and then the position interval of the wave height D at this moment is obtained as: L-H+A*b≥D≥L-H+(A-1)b.

10. The wave height monitoring method of claim 9, wherein, The wave height monitoring method is also used to determine the water level change of seawater at time t2 by obtaining the number b of electric signals generated by the power generation unit at a certain time t1 t1 and the number b of electric signals generated by the power generation unit at the next time t2 t2 The determination process is as follows: if b t1 > b t2 , it indicates that the seawater level at time t2 is rising tide; if b t1 < b t2 , it indicates that the seawater level at time t2 is ebb tide; if b t1 = b t2 , it indicates that the seawater level has no change.

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