High-precision measuring system for building track based on total station

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of track measurement, in particular to a high-precision measurement system for building a track based on a total station, which comprises an acquisition module, an overrun determination module, an analysis module, an identification module, a calculation module, an adjustment module and an execution module. According to the method, through multi-dimensional parameter joint analysis, initial overrun is identified by using an allowable deviation threshold value, and then sections with related geometric features are merged into measurement and control units through an analysis model, so that the aggregation degree of anomaly positioning is improved; then, the abrupt change feature is combined to distinguish the abrupt change feature into linear anomaly and local deformation, and further through a threshold feedback mechanism which can be dynamically adjusted along with an observation period, the change of anomaly detection from static threshold judgment to adaptive evaluation of evolution along with a line state is realized, so that a measurement result more accurately reflects the real deformation feature of a track; the problem that the tiny deviation of the track is difficult to timely and accurately identify due to accumulated errors of the sensor and data response lag is effectively solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of track measurement technology, and in particular to a high-precision measurement system for track construction based on a total station. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of high-speed railway and urban rail transit construction, the requirements for track construction precision and operation safety are increasingly stringent. Small deviations in track geometry can significantly affect the stability of train operation and the comfort of passengers. Meanwhile, the complexity of track structure, dynamic changes in construction environment, and accumulation of measurement errors during construction pose great challenges to real-time monitoring and abnormal identification of track geometry.

[0003] Chinese Patent Application Publication No. CN103821054A discloses a track geometry measurement system and method based on a combination of INS and a total station. The system includes a measurement unit, which includes a measurement device and a mobile support. The measurement device includes a total station measurement system, an inertial measurement unit, an odometer, and a displacement sensor, which are installed on the mobile support. The total station measurement system includes a total station and a reflective surface. The total station is placed on or outside the mobile support, and the reflective surface is installed on the mobile support or placed on the top surface of the track rail.

[0004] It can be seen that the track geometry measurement system based on the combination of INS and a total station has the following problems. The system relies on the combination of INS and a total station for track geometry measurement. The cumulative error of inertial measurement and the data synchronization problem between sensors can lead to a decrease in measurement accuracy, making it difficult to reflect small deviations in the track in a timely and accurate manner. The system mainly relies on the mobile support to collect data along the track. The continuity of the response to changes in the track state during the measurement process is limited, making it difficult to perform real-time and continuous dynamic monitoring of the rapidly changing track geometry during the construction phase, thereby limiting the ability to quickly determine and intervene in potential over-limit sections. SUMMARY

[0005] To this end, the present application provides a high-precision measurement system for track construction based on a total station, which overcomes the problem of difficulty in timely and accurate identification of small deviations in the track due to cumulative errors of sensors and data response lag in the prior art through continuous high-precision dynamic measurement of a total station station network and multi-parameter joint analysis.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides a high-precision measurement system for track construction based on a total station, comprising: an acquisition module, which is used to acquire in real time the coordinate sequence of each track section to be measured in each station coordinate system within the total station station network, the coordinate coincidence difference between adjacent stations, the relative azimuth angle of the track center line, the track gauge, the horizontal super-elevation, and the longitudinal smoothness of the track surface. an over-limit determination module configured to determine a plurality of preliminary over-limit sections according to the coordinate sequence and a coordinate deviation of a preset reference axis, and a preset allowable deviation threshold value; an analysis module configured to analyze a plurality of measurement and control sections based on a preset analysis model according to the track gauge, the horizontal superelevation, and the spatial distribution of the coordinate deviation of the preliminary over-limit sections; an identification module configured to identify a measurement and control section as a linear anomaly section or a local deformation section according to the mutation characteristics of the track surface longitudinal smoothness and the continuity of the relative azimuth angle of each measurement and control section; a calculation module configured to calculate a linear smoothness index according to the coordinate sequence in each linear anomaly section, and calculate a local stability index according to the track gauge and the horizontal superelevation of each local deformation section; an adjustment module configured to adjust the preset allowable deviation threshold value according to the distribution and evolution trend of the linear smoothness index and the local stability index in a preset observation period; an execution module configured to output a measurement report according to the coordinate fit error of the measurement and control section determined after adjusting the allowable deviation threshold value.

[0007] Further, the over-limit determination module is configured to construct the coordinate sequence and the coordinate deviation of the preset reference axis in a preset over-limit determination time period into a multi-dimensional feature tensor, and perform standardization processing on the feature tensor to obtain a standard feature tensor, and perform independent component analysis on the standard feature tensor to extract independent feature components, and map the coordinate deviation at the current time to the independent feature components to calculate a reconstruction error and an independent feature contribution degree, and determine a plurality of preliminary over-limit sections according to the reconstruction error, the independent feature contribution degree, and the preset allowable deviation threshold value.

[0008] Further, the over-limit determination module is configured to determine that the to-be-measured track section has systematic over-limit when the reconstruction error is greater than the preset allowable deviation threshold value and the independent feature contribution degree is less than or equal to a preset contribution degree threshold value, and mark the to-be-measured track section as the preliminary over-limit section.

[0009] Further, the analysis module is configured to calculate a section comprehensive change rate according to the change gradient of the track gauge, the horizontal superelevation, and the coordinate deviation in the direction along the track center line, and perform curve fitting and smoothing processing on the comprehensive change rate based on the preset analysis model to obtain a section correlation parameter.

[0010] Further, the analysis module is configured to determine that the preliminary over-limit section is the measurement and control section when the correlation parameter is greater than a preset correlation threshold value, to analyze a plurality of measurement and control sections.

[0011] Further, the recognition module is configured to perform wavelet packet transform on the track surface longitudinal smoothness to extract a specific frequency band energy as a feature index value of the abrupt change feature, and calculate a standard deviation of first-order difference values of all the relative orientation angles to obtain a continuity index value of continuity, and construct a two-dimensional feature vector according to the feature index value and the continuity index value, and recognize the linear abnormal section or the local deformation section according to the two-dimensional feature vector.

[0012] Further, the recognition module is configured to determine that the measurement control section is the linear abnormal section when a Euclidean distance between the two-dimensional feature vector and a preset linear standard center point is less than or equal to a Euclidean distance between the two-dimensional feature vector and a preset local standard center point, and determine that the measurement control section is the local deformation section when the Euclidean distance between the two-dimensional feature vector and the preset linear standard center point is greater than the Euclidean distance between the two-dimensional feature vector and the preset local standard center point.

[0013] Further, the calculation module is configured to calculate a linear smoothness index according to a projection deviation of the coordinate sequence in each of the linear abnormal sections on a normal direction of the preset reference axis within a preset calculation time period, and calculate a local stability index according to a cooperative change rate of the track gauge and the horizontal super-elevation of each of the local deformation sections within the preset calculation time period.

[0014] Further, the adjustment module is configured to calculate a mean value and a standard deviation of all the linear smoothness indexes and all the local stability indexes within the preset observation period, and calculate an adjustment decision value according to the mean value of all the linear smoothness indexes and the mean value of all the local stability indexes, and adjust the preset allowable deviation threshold according to the mean value and the standard deviation of all the linear smoothness indexes and all the local stability indexes when the adjustment decision value is less than a preset adjustment decision threshold.

[0015] Further, the execution module is configured to calculate an average coordinate fitting deviation of the measurement control section re-determined after the adjustment of the allowable deviation threshold, and output the measurement report when the average coordinate fitting deviation is less than or equal to a preset fitting deviation threshold.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are that, by jointly analyzing multiple source geometric quantities such as track gauge, superelevation, coordinate deviation, relative azimuth angle and track surface smoothness in a spatial consistency manner under the framework of the total station station network, the track state judgment is no longer dependent on a single parameter, but is based on the internal constraint relationship between the quantities in the track structure: the track gauge and the superelevation jointly reflect the transverse attitude of the sleeper, the coordinate deviation reflects the overall alignment of the line, the longitudinal smoothness reveals the continuity of the track surface, and the azimuth angle ensures the reasonable direction extension of adjacent sections. The system first identifies the preliminary over-limit using the allowable deviation threshold, and then merges the sections with related geometric characteristics into a measurement and control unit through the analysis model, thereby improving the aggregation degree of abnormal positioning; subsequently, the system distinguishes the abnormal sections into alignment abnormalities (overall geometric deviation) and local deformations (local structure instability) by combining the mutation characteristics, and further quantifies the abnormal degree through the smoothness index and the local stability index, thereby forming a threshold feedback mechanism that can be dynamically adjusted according to the observation period, realizing the adaptive evaluation transformation of the abnormal detection from the static threshold judgment to the evolution of the line state, making the measurement results more accurately reflect the real deformation characteristics of the track, significantly improving the automation and refinement level of the track measurement and control, and effectively solving the problem of difficult and timely and accurate identification of small deviations in the track caused by the cumulative error of the sensor and the lag of the data response.

[0017] Further, by constructing the historical coordinate sequence and the reference axis deviation into a multi-dimensional feature tensor, and through standardization and independent component analysis, the internal correlation of multiple source parameters such as track gauge, superelevation and coordinate deviation can be separated and quantified, and mutually independent change patterns can be extracted. At the same time, the deviation degree of the current track state relative to the historical pattern can be measured through the reconstruction error and the feature contribution, the systematic over-limit section can be accurately identified, the accidental measurement noise and the real geometric anomaly can be effectively distinguished, and the track geometric anomaly judgment can reflect both the local parameter mutation and the overall structure state change, thereby significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of the preliminary over-limit section identification.

[0018] Further, by combining the reconstruction error and the independent feature contribution to determine the systematic over-limit, the present embodiment can effectively distinguish the overall structural anomaly of the track from the local measurement fluctuation, so that the identification of the preliminary over-limit section not only reflects the real deviation degree of the track geometric state, but also avoids misjudgment due to single-point noise; by utilizing the cooperative change law of the track gauge, the superelevation and the coordinate deviation in space, the present embodiment can realize high-precision locking of the abnormal section and improve the reliability and scientificity of the track construction quality control and early maintenance decision.

[0019] Further, by comprehensively analyzing the changes in the gradients of the track gauge, the horizontal super-elevation, and the coordinate deviation along the track center line direction through the analysis module, the overall geometric fluctuation degree of each measurement and control section can be quantified, and the change trend can be curve-fitted and smoothed through a preset analysis model, effectively filtering out the interference of measurement noise while retaining the actual geometric change characteristics of the track, so that the section correlation parameters can reflect the coupling relationship between the track sleeper transverse attitude, the line longitudinal ups and downs, and the overall line shape offset, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of abnormal section identification and realizing fine and continuous evaluation of the track geometric state.

[0020] Further, by comparing the correlation parameters of the preliminary over-limit section with the preset correlation threshold, the analysis module can automatically identify the geometric fluctuation height-related section, classify it as a measurement and control section, integrate the spatial change characteristics of the track gauge, the horizontal super-elevation, and the coordinate deviation, so that the section division not only reflects the anomaly of a single quantity, but also embodies the mutual coupling and collaborative change between parameters, thereby ensuring that the measurement and control section covers the area with the most significant overall geometric state change, providing a reliable foundation for subsequent accurate identification of line shape anomalies and local deformation, and improving the aggregation and stability of anomaly detection.

[0021] Further, by extracting the energy of a specific frequency band through wavelet packet transform of the track surface longitudinal smoothness, the sudden change characteristics of the track longitudinal ups and downs can be sensitively captured, and the standard deviation of the first-order difference of the relative azimuth angle can be used to quantify the track direction continuity, and the two-dimensional feature vector can uniformly represent the amplitude mutation and direction continuity, so that the system can accurately distinguish between abnormal sections of overall line shape offset and deformation sections of local structure instability, thereby realizing fine identification and reliable quantification of track geometric anomalies.

[0022] Further, by statistically processing and second-order differentiating the projection deviation of the track coordinate sequence in the normal direction of the reference axis within the line shape abnormal section, the smoothness of the overall track curve can be quantified, and the coupling change relationship between the track transverse attitude and the longitudinal continuity can be accurately reflected by combining the collaborative change analysis of the track gauge and the horizontal super-elevation in the local deformation section, thereby generating quantifiable line shape smoothness index and local stability index, so that the system can realize integrated evaluation of the overall geometric trend and local structural stability when a single index cannot comprehensively evaluate the track state, improving the sensitivity and accuracy of abnormal section identification.

[0023] Further, by comparing the two-dimensional feature vector with the Euclidean distance of the linear standard center point and the local standard center point, the system can accurately distinguish between the linear abnormal section with overall linear offset and the local deformation section with local structure deformation based on the comprehensive difference of the track longitudinal fluctuation amplitude and the direction continuity, realize the fine classification of different types of geometric anomalies, and ensure that the determination result is highly consistent with the actual change amplitude and spatial distribution characteristics of the track geometric state, thereby improving the reliability and pertinence of the abnormal section identification.

[0024] Further, by dynamically adjusting the preset allowable deviation threshold value by combining the mean value and standard deviation of the linear smoothness index and the local stability index, adaptive response to the track geometric state fluctuation is realized. Specifically, when the local stability index deviates from the reference value or the linear smoothness index standard deviation abnormally increases, the threshold value is automatically adjusted, so that the system is neither too sensitive to avoid noise misjudgment when identifying abnormal sections, nor can it timely reflect the real small deformation of the track, thereby ensuring that the gauge, superelevation and coordinate deviation under the adjusted threshold value are reasonable and reliable, effectively balancing the monitoring sensitivity and data robustness, and improving the accuracy and practicality of the measurement and control decision.

[0025] Further, by calculating the average coordinate coincidence difference of the measurement and control section re-divided under the adjusted allowable deviation threshold value, the overall fitting degree of the actual track geometric state and the reference axis of each section can be quantified; when the average coordinate coincidence difference does not exceed the preset coincidence difference threshold value, the system automatically generates a measurement report, which uniformly summarizes the geometric deviation, smoothness index and local stability index of each section, thereby realizing comprehensive evaluation of the track construction or maintenance effect. This method fully utilizes the mutual constraint relationship among the parameters such as gauge, superelevation and coordinate deviation, ensures that the measurement and control section division and threshold value adjustment are verified in spatial consistency, structural integrity and direction continuity, and improves the reliability and engineering guidance value of the measurement conclusion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 a schematic diagram of the high-precision measurement system for track construction based on the total station of the present embodiment; Figure 2 a determination logic diagram for determining the preliminary out-of-gauge section by the out-of-gauge determination module of the present embodiment; Figure 3 a determination logic diagram for determining the measurement and control section by the analysis module of the present embodiment; Figure 4 a determination logic diagram for identifying the linear abnormal section or the local deformation section by the present embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the objects, technical schemes and advantages of the present application clearer, the following further describes the present application with reference to the embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and not to limit the present application.

[0028] The preferred embodiments of the present application are described below with reference to the drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present application and not to limit the protection scope of the present application.

[0029] Please refer to Figure 1 As shown in the figure, it is a schematic diagram of the high-precision measurement system for track construction based on a total station of the present embodiment. The present embodiment provides a high-precision measurement system for track construction based on a total station, comprising: The acquisition module is used to acquire in real time the coordinate sequence of each track section to be measured in each station coordinate system within the total station station network, the coordinate coincidence difference between adjacent stations, the relative azimuth of the track center line, the track gauge, the horizontal super-elevation, and the longitudinal smoothness of the track surface. The overrun determination module is connected with the acquisition module and is used to determine a plurality of preliminary overrun sections according to the coordinate deviation of the preset reference axis and the preset allowable deviation threshold based on the coordinate sequence. The analysis module is connected with the acquisition module and the overrun determination module respectively, and is used to analyze a plurality of measurement and control sections based on a preset analysis model according to the correlation of the track gauge, the horizontal super-elevation, and the spatial distribution of the coordinate deviation of the preliminary overrun section. The identification module is connected with the acquisition module and the analysis module respectively, and is used to identify the measurement and control section as a linear abnormal section or a local deformation section according to the mutation characteristics of the longitudinal smoothness of the track surface and the continuity of the relative azimuth of each measurement and control section. The calculation module is connected with the acquisition module and the identification module respectively, and is used to calculate the linear smoothness index according to the coordinate sequence in each linear abnormal section, and to calculate the local stability index according to the track gauge and the horizontal super-elevation of each local deformation section. The adjustment module is connected with the calculation module and the overrun determination module respectively, and is used to adjust the preset allowable deviation threshold according to the distribution and evolution trend of the linear smoothness index and the local stability index within a preset observation period. The execution module is connected with the acquisition module and the analysis module respectively, and is used to output a measurement report according to the coordinate coincidence difference of the measurement and control section re-determined after adjusting the allowable deviation threshold.

[0030] In this embodiment, the acquisition module continuously and accurately measures the track geometry state through the total station station network for the track construction section under construction. During the construction process, the construction train or the measurement personnel sets up the station along the track, and the total station obtains the spatial three-dimensional coordinates of each key measurement point on the track by angle measurement and distance measurement at each station, forming the coordinate sequence of each track section under the coordinate system of each station. The coordinate coincidence difference between adjacent stations refers to the difference between the measurement point coordinates of the same track section measured by different stations, which is used to evaluate the registration accuracy and data continuity between stations. The relative azimuth of the track center line represents the change in the direction of the connecting line of adjacent measurement points along the track direction, which is used to describe the track curve characteristics; the track gauge is the transverse distance between the two rails, and the horizontal super-elevation is the lifting amount of the outer rail relative to the inner rail, which is used to control the mechanical conditions of the curved track; the longitudinal smoothness of the track surface is used to quantify the longitudinal fluctuation of the track, which can be obtained by differential height and filtering processing. Through continuous observation and automatic acquisition software, the data of each station is transmitted to the central processing module in real time, combined with the coordinate system conversion, data registration and noise filtering algorithm, to automatically generate high-precision track geometric parameters, provide basic data for subsequent out-of-limit section identification, measurement and control section analysis and stability analysis, and realize continuous and dynamic monitoring and quantitative evaluation of track geometry state during construction.

[0031] In this embodiment, the preset reference axis refers to the spatial reference curve of the ideal track center line determined according to the track design drawings and construction specifications, which is used as the reference for evaluating the deviation of the actual track geometry state. This axis is generated by three-dimensional modeling method before construction and is mapped in the coordinate system of the total station station network to ensure that the measurement data is consistent with the design track. The preset reference axis includes a continuous sequence of spatial points, which describes the longitudinal elevation, transverse curve radius and direction change of the track, and is used to calculate the normal deviation, track gauge deviation and horizontal super-elevation deviation of each measurement point relative to the ideal track, thereby providing a unified reference framework for out-of-limit section judgment, linear anomaly analysis and local stability evaluation, ensuring the comparability and repeatability of the measurement results.

[0032] In this embodiment, the measurement report is a comprehensive track geometry state evaluation document generated based on the results of dynamic reference network and shape-position coupling analysis. It is automatically generated when the system confirms that the adjustment tolerance threshold is met and the re-measured control section coordinates meet the pre-set precision requirements. The report records the spatial positioning information of each control section, the measured values of track geometry parameters (including track gauge, horizontal super-elevation, and track surface longitudinal smoothness), the deviation from the design reference axis, the calculation results of linear smoothness index and local stability index, and their safety level classification in the pre-set evaluation system. Through trend comparison of multi-period data, the section with significantly deteriorating geometric state is automatically identified. According to industry standards, a maintenance plan containing specific maintenance measures (such as coordinate adjustment amount, track shifting operation priority, and fastener inspection suggestions) and implementation urgency is generated. Finally, the output is in structured PDF / A format with digital signature and timestamp, ensuring complete traceability and engineering guidance value from measurement data to maintenance decision.

[0033] The pre-set tolerance threshold is a critical value for judging the deviation of track geometry parameters from the design reference. It depends on track design grade, train running speed, construction precision, and safety requirements, and is usually set between 1-5mm. In this embodiment, it is set to 3mm, which can balance early abnormal identification and measurement error tolerance, ensuring the reliability of preliminary over-limit section determination. The pre-set observation period is the time or measurement section length for calculating the linear smoothness index and local stability index. It depends on track section length, train running frequency, and track geometry state change rate, and is usually set between 1 day and 7 days. In this embodiment, it is set to 3 days, which can balance monitoring sensitivity and data stability, ensuring timely identification of abnormal sections.

[0034] By jointly analyzing multiple source geometric quantities such as track gauge, superelevation, coordinate deviation, relative azimuth angle and track surface smoothness in a spatial consistency manner under the framework of the total station station network, the track state judgment is no longer dependent on a single parameter, but is based on the internal constraint relationship between the quantities in the track structure: the track gauge and superelevation jointly reflect the transverse attitude of the sleeper, the coordinate deviation reflects the overall alignment of the line, the longitudinal smoothness reveals the continuity of the track surface, and the azimuth angle ensures the reasonable direction extension of adjacent sections. The system first identifies preliminary overruns using the allowable deviation threshold, then merges sections with related geometric characteristics into a measurement and control unit through the analysis model to improve the aggregation of abnormal positioning, and then distinguishes between linear anomalies (overall geometric deviation) and local deformation (local structural instability) by combining the mutation characteristics, and further quantifies the abnormal degree through the smoothness index and local stability index to form a threshold feedback mechanism that can be dynamically adjusted according to the observation period, realizing the transition from static threshold judgment to adaptive evaluation of abnormal detection according to the evolution of the line state, making the measurement results more accurately reflect the true deformation characteristics of the track, significantly improving the automation and refinement level of track measurement and control, and effectively solving the problem of difficult and timely and accurate identification of small deviations in the track caused by sensor cumulative error and data response lag.

[0035] Specifically, the over-limit determination module is configured to construct the coordinate sequence in a preset over-limit determination time period in the past and the coordinate deviation of the preset reference axis into a multi-dimensional feature tensor, perform standardization processing on the feature tensor to obtain a standard feature tensor, perform independent component analysis on the standard feature tensor to extract independent feature components, map the coordinate deviation at the current time to the independent feature components to calculate a reconstruction error and an independent feature contribution degree, and determine a plurality of preliminary over-limit sections according to the reconstruction error, the independent feature contribution degree, and the preset allowable deviation threshold.

[0036] In this embodiment, the multi-dimensional feature tensor construction, standardization processing and independent component analysis method used by the over-limit determination module belongs to existing mature data analysis technology, which can stably extract the independent variation mode of the track geometric parameters, map the current coordinate deviation to calculate the reconstruction error and feature contribution degree, thereby identifying the preliminary over-limit sections, and there is no need to excessively elaborate the basic principles and calculation process of the analysis method.

[0037] By constructing the historical coordinate sequence and the reference axis deviation into a multi-dimensional feature tensor, and through standardization and independent component analysis, the internal correlation of multiple source parameters such as track gauge, superelevation and coordinate deviation can be separated and quantified, and independent variation patterns are extracted. At the same time, the deviation degree of the current track state from the historical pattern is measured through reconstruction error and feature contribution, which can accurately identify the systematic out-of-gauge section, effectively distinguish between incidental measurement noise and real geometric anomalies, and make the track geometric anomaly judgment reflect both local parameter mutation and overall structure state change, thereby significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of preliminary out-of-gauge section identification.

[0038] Please refer to Figure 2 As shown in the determination logic diagram of the out-of-gauge determination module in the embodiment for determining the preliminary out-of-gauge section, in the embodiment, the out-of-gauge determination module is used to determine that the to-be-measured track section has systematic out-of-gauge when the reconstruction error is greater than the preset allowable deviation threshold and the independent feature contribution is less than or equal to the preset contribution threshold, and mark the to-be-measured track section as the preliminary out-of-gauge section.

[0039] The preset contribution threshold is a reference value for judging the contribution size of the independent feature component to the current coordinate deviation, which depends on the noise level of the track measurement data, the historical deformation amplitude and the track grade, and is usually set between 0.05-0.30. In the embodiment, it is set to 0.15, which can distinguish between systematic out-of-gauge and incidental measurement fluctuations, and ensure the accuracy and stability of the anomaly judgment.

[0040] By combining the reconstruction error and the independent feature contribution to determine the systematic out-of-gauge, the embodiment can effectively distinguish between track overall structure anomalies and local measurement fluctuations, so that the identification of the preliminary out-of-gauge section reflects the true deviation degree of the track geometric state and avoids false judgments caused by single-point noise; By using the cooperative variation law of the gauge, superelevation and coordinate deviation in space, the abnormal section is accurately locked, and the reliability and scientificity of track construction quality control and early maintenance decision are improved.

[0041] Specifically, the analysis module is used to calculate a section comprehensive variation rate according to the variation gradients of the gauge, the horizontal superelevation and the coordinate deviation in the direction along the track center line, and perform curve fitting and smoothing processing on the comprehensive variation rate based on the preset analysis model to obtain a section correlation parameter.

[0042] The calculation process of the section comprehensive variation rate is as follows: , Ri is a dimensionless scalar that quantifies the overall change intensity of the track geometry state at this point; ∇Gi is the change gradient of the ith gauge, which is calculated as the gauge change amount (unit: mm / m) per unit arc length along the track center line direction; ∇Gi is the change gradient of the ith horizontal superelevation, which is calculated as the horizontal superelevation change amount (unit: mm / m) per unit arc length along the track center line direction; ∇Di is the change gradient of the ith coordinate deviation, which is calculated as the change amount of the normal deviation of the measuring point relative to the preset reference axis (unit: mm / m) per unit arc length along the track center line direction; wg, wh and wd are the preset weight coefficients of the gauge, the horizontal superelevation and the coordinate deviation, respectively. In the present embodiment, the preset gauge weight coefficient corresponding to the gauge depends on the influence of the gauge change on the train safety and running stability, the reliability (noise level) of the gauge measurement and the design sensitivity of the project, and is usually set to be between 0.30 and 0.60, and is set to 0.45 in the present embodiment, which can emphasize the high sensitivity of the gauge change to safety while taking into account the discrimination ability of other quantities; the preset superelevation weight coefficient corresponding to the horizontal superelevation depends on the sensitivity of the curve radius and the running speed to the superelevation deviation, and the stability of the superelevation measurement, and is usually set to be between 0.15 and 0.40, and is set to 0.35 in the present embodiment, which can take into account the high requirement of the high-speed line on the superelevation and the on-site measurement fluctuation; the preset coordinate deviation weight coefficient corresponding to the coordinate deviation depends on the registration accuracy of the measuring station, the reliability of the reference axis definition and the influence of the coordinate deviation on the linear (curvature, tangent error), and is usually set to be between 0.10 and 0.40, and is set to 0.2 in the present embodiment, which can reflect the importance of the coordinate deviation without amplifying the registration noise for judgment; G0 is the preset gauge allowable change rate, which depends on the track design grade, the running speed and the train running safety requirement; it is usually set to be between 0.5 and 2 mm / m, and is set to 1 mm / m in the present embodiment, which can ensure that the segment gauge change is within the safe allowable range while being sensitive to the abnormal change of the gauge to facilitate early identification of potential problems; H0 is the superelevation allowable change rate, which depends on the curve radius of the line, the design superelevation and the running speed; it is usually set to be between 0.1 and 1 mm / m, and is set to 0.5 mm / m in the present embodiment, which can effectively control the influence of the superelevation change of the line curve on the ride comfort and the running safety, and take into account the robustness of the measurement noise; D0 is the coordinate deviation allowable change rate, which depends on the total station measurement accuracy, the measuring station network layout density and the reference axis accuracy; it is usually set to be between 0.05 and 0.5 mm / m, and is set to 0.2 mm / m in the present embodiment, which can reflect the actual situation of the track linear deviation from the reference axis while avoiding excessive influence of the measurement noise on the abnormal judgment.

[0043] The process of curve fitting and smoothing the comprehensive change rate based on the preset analytical model to obtain the segment correlation parameter is: ; Ri’ is a new sequence obtained by smoothing fitting the sequence formed by the section comprehensive change rate using a preset analysis model, in the embodiment, the preset analysis model adopts a Savitzky-Golay filter, which can smooth the measurement noise while retaining the characteristics of the geometric state mutation of the track, thereby improving the accuracy and robustness of the identification of linear abnormal sections and local deformation sections; C is a section correlation parameter, N is the total number of section comprehensive change rates, minR’ is the minimum value of all section comprehensive change rates, and maxR’ is the maximum value of all section comprehensive change rates, in the embodiment, the Savitzky-Golay filter is a mature digital filtering technology widely used in signal smoothing and noise suppression, which realizes data smoothing by polynomial fitting in a local sliding window, and can retain the peak value and mutation characteristics of the signal, its principle, implementation method and parameter selection have been fully verified in existing literature and engineering applications, and do not need to be described in the embodiment.

[0044] By analyzing the change gradients of the track gauge, the horizontal super-elevation and the coordinate deviation along the track center line direction through the analysis module, the overall geometric fluctuation degree of each measurement and control section can be quantified, and the change trend can be curve fitted and smoothed through a preset analysis model, effectively filtering out the interference of measurement noise, while retaining the actual geometric change characteristics of the track, so that the section correlation parameter can reflect the coupling relationship between the transverse attitude of the sleeper, the longitudinal ups and downs of the line and the overall linear displacement, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of the identification of abnormal sections, and realizing the fine and continuous evaluation of the geometric state of the track.

[0045] Please refer to Figure 3 , which is a determination logic diagram of the analysis module of the embodiment for determining the measurement and control section, in the embodiment, the analysis module is used to determine that the preliminary over-limit section is the measurement and control section when the correlation parameter is greater than a preset correlation threshold, so as to analyze a plurality of measurement and control sections.

[0046] The preset correlation threshold is a reference value for determining the correlation degree of the section comprehensive change rate, which depends on the natural fluctuation amplitude of the track geometric parameters, the measurement accuracy and the construction tolerance requirement; it is usually set between 0.3-0.7, and is set to 0.5 in the embodiment, which can effectively distinguish the measurement and control section with high correlation and the normal fluctuation section, and ensure the accuracy and stability of the identification of abnormal sections.

[0047] By comparing the correlation parameters of the preliminary over-limit section with the preset correlation threshold, the analysis module can automatically identify the section with high correlation of geometric fluctuation, classify it as a measurement and control section, integrate the spatial variation characteristics of track gauge, horizontal super-elevation and coordinate deviation, so that the section division not only reflects the anomaly of a single quantity, but also embodies the mutual coupling and collaborative change between parameters, thereby ensuring that the measurement and control section covers the area with the most significant overall geometric state change, providing a reliable basis for subsequent accurate identification of linear anomalies and local deformation, and improving the aggregation and stability of anomaly detection.

[0048] Specifically, the identification module is configured to perform wavelet packet transform on the track surface longitudinal smoothness to extract a specific frequency band energy as a feature index value of the mutation feature, calculate a standard deviation of a first-order difference value of all the relative azimuth angles to obtain a continuity index value, construct a two-dimensional feature vector according to the feature index value and the continuity index value, and identify a linear anomaly section or a local deformation section according to the two-dimensional feature vector.

[0049] By performing wavelet packet transform on the track surface longitudinal smoothness to extract a specific frequency band energy, the mutation feature of track longitudinal fluctuation can be sensitively captured, and the standard deviation of the first-order difference of the relative azimuth angle is used to quantify the track direction continuity. The two-dimensional feature vector uniformly represents the amplitude mutation and the direction continuity, so that the system can accurately distinguish the anomaly section of overall linear displacement and the deformation section of local structure instability, thereby realizing fine identification and reliable quantification of track geometric anomalies.

[0050] Referring to FIG. 8, Figure 4 As shown in FIG. 8, which is a determination logic diagram for identifying a linear anomaly section or a local deformation section in the embodiment, in the embodiment, the identification module is configured to determine that the measurement and control section is the linear anomaly section when the Euclidean distance between the two-dimensional feature vector and the preset linear standard center point is less than or equal to the Euclidean distance between the two-dimensional feature vector and the preset local standard center point, and determine that the measurement and control section is the local deformation section when the Euclidean distance between the two-dimensional feature vector and the preset linear standard center point is greater than the Euclidean distance between the two-dimensional feature vector and the preset local standard center point.

[0051] In this embodiment, the preset linear standard center point refers to a typical feature vector pre-set in the two-dimensional feature space of the linear abnormal section, which represents the idealized feature state of the systematic and continuous deviation of the track linear. The setting of this center point is based on the big data analysis of historical linear abnormal cases. Specifically, by collecting not less than 1000 groups of typical linear abnormal section track surface longitudinal smoothness mutation feature energy value and relative azimuth continuity index confirmed by artificial, a two-dimensional feature sample set is formed, and a K-means clustering algorithm is used for clustering analysis of the sample set. The centroid of the most dense region of the sample distribution is selected as the preset linear standard center point. The numerical range is usually: the value range of the track surface longitudinal smoothness mutation feature energy value is between [0.15, 0.35], and the value range of the relative azimuth continuity index is between [0.08, 0.20]. In this embodiment, the preset local standard center point refers to a typical feature vector pre-set in the two-dimensional feature space of the local deformation section, which represents the idealized feature state of the local isolated deformation of the track. The setting of this center point is based on the statistical analysis of historical local deformation cases. By collecting not less than 800 groups of track surface longitudinal smoothness mutation feature energy value and relative azimuth continuity index of typical local deformation section verified by field, a Gaussian mixture model is used to model the probability density of the feature sample set, and the feature vector corresponding to the peak value of the probability density is selected as the preset local standard center point. The numerical range is usually: the value range of the track surface longitudinal smoothness mutation feature energy value is between [0.45, 0.75], and the value range of the relative azimuth continuity index is between [0.25, 0.50]. The clustering effect of the two center points is verified by the contour coefficient method to ensure that they can effectively distinguish different types of track abnormalities.

[0052] By comparing the Euclidean distance of the two-dimensional feature vector with the linear standard center point and the local standard center point, the system can accurately distinguish the linear abnormal section of the overall linear deviation and the local deformation section of the local structure deformation based on the comprehensive difference of the track longitudinal fluctuation amplitude and the direction continuity, realize the fine classification of different types of geometric abnormalities, and ensure that the determination result is highly consistent with the actual change amplitude and spatial distribution characteristics of the track geometric state, thereby improving the reliability and pertinence of the abnormal section identification.

[0053] Specifically, the computing module is configured to calculate a linear smoothness index according to a projection deviation of the coordinate sequence in each linear abnormal section on a normal direction of the preset reference axis within a preset calculation time length, and calculate a local stability index according to a cooperative variation rate of the track gauge and the horizontal super-elevation of each local deformation section within the preset calculation time length.

[0054] Wherein, the process of calculating the linear smoothness index according to the projection deviation of the coordinate sequence in each linear abnormal section on the normal of the preset reference axis is as follows:

[0055] d i is the i th projection deviation, σ d is the standard deviation of all projection deviations, μ d is the mean of all projection deviations, Δ 2 is the second-order difference of the projection deviation, ϵ is a small constant to prevent division by zero error, L is the linear smoothness index, the value range is [0, 1], and n is the number of all projection deviations.

[0056] The process of calculating the local stability index according to the coordinated variation rate of the track gauge and the horizontal super-elevation of each local deformation section is as follows:

[0057] S is the local stability index, CVg is the coefficient of variation of the track gauge, CVg=σg / μg, σg is the standard deviation of all track gauges, μg is the mean of all track gauges, CVg is the coefficient of variation of all track gauges, CVh=σh / μh, σh is the standard deviation of all horizontal super-elevations, μh is the mean of all horizontal super-elevations, ρ is the Pearson correlation coefficient of all track gauges and all horizontal super-elevations, and CVh is the coefficient of variation of all horizontal super-elevations.

[0058] In the embodiment, the pre-design calculation duration is a time window or track section length for calculating the linear smoothness index and the local stability index, and depends on the track construction speed, the station layout interval, and the rate of change of track geometry state; it is usually set between 6 hours and 2 days, and is set to 1 day in the embodiment, which can timely reflect the change trend of the track geometry state while ensuring the stability of the index calculation.

[0059] By statistically processing and second-order differentiating the projection deviation of the track coordinate sequence in the linear abnormal section on the normal direction of the reference axis, the smoothness degree of the overall track curve is quantified, and the coupled change relationship between the track transverse attitude and the longitudinal continuity is accurately reflected by combining the coordinated variation analysis of the track gauge and the horizontal super-elevation of the local deformation section, so as to generate the quantifiable linear smoothness index and the local stability index, so that the system can realize integrated evaluation of the overall geometric trend and the local structural stability when a single index is difficult to comprehensively evaluate the track state, and the sensitivity and accuracy of the abnormal section identification are improved.

[0060] Specifically, the adjustment module is configured to calculate the mean and standard deviation of all the linear smoothness indexes and all the local stability indexes in the preset observation period, calculate an adjustment decision value according to the mean of all the linear smoothness indexes and the mean of all the local stability indexes, and adjust the preset allowable deviation threshold according to the mean and standard deviation of all the linear smoothness indexes and all the local stability indexes when the adjustment decision value is less than a preset adjustment decision threshold.

[0061] wherein T' = T x [1 + k1 x (μS - μS0) / μS0 + k2 x (σL - σL0) / σL0], T' is the adjusted preset allowable deviation threshold, T is the preset allowable deviation threshold before adjustment, k1 is a preset local adjustment coefficient, μS is the mean of all the local stability indexes, μS0 is a preset local stability reference value, k2 is a preset linear adjustment coefficient, σL is the standard deviation of all the linear smoothness indexes, and σL0 is a preset linear reference value.

[0062] The preset local adjustment coefficient is a proportional coefficient for controlling the influence of the local stability index on the adjustment of the allowable deviation threshold, and is determined according to the local deformation sensitivity of the track section and the maintenance strategy requirement, and is usually set to be between 0.1 and 0.5, and is set to be 0.3 in the embodiment, which can quickly respond to local abnormalities while maintaining the stability of the threshold. The preset local stability reference value is a reference value for measuring the local structural stability of the track, and is determined according to the design track level, construction accuracy and train operation safety requirement, and is usually set to be between 0.7 and 0.95, and is set to be 0.85 in the embodiment, which can provide a reasonable reference for local stability determination and avoid misjudgment or omission. The preset linear adjustment coefficient is a proportional coefficient for controlling the influence of the linear smoothness index on the adjustment of the allowable deviation threshold, and is determined according to the longitudinal continuity requirement of the track and the measurement noise level, and is usually set to be between 0.1 and 0.5, and is set to be 0.25 in the embodiment, which can balance the sensitivity and stability of the threshold adjustment caused by the linear fluctuation. The preset linear reference value is a reference value for evaluating the overall linear continuity of the track, and is determined according to the track design curve radius, construction allowable deviation and ride comfort requirement, and is usually set to be between 0.6 and 0.9, and is set to be 0.75 in the embodiment, which can provide a reliable reference for the determination of the linear smoothness and make the identification of abnormal sections more accurate.

[0063] The preset allowable deviation threshold is dynamically adjusted by combining the mean value and standard deviation of the line smoothness index and the local stability index, so as to realize adaptive response to the track geometry state fluctuation. Specifically, when the local stability index deviates from the reference value or the line smoothness index standard deviation abnormally increases, the threshold is automatically adjusted, so that the system is neither too sensitive to avoid noise misjudgment when identifying abnormal sections, nor can timely reflect the real small deformation of the track, so as to ensure that the gauge, superelevation and coordinate deviation are reasonable and reliable under the adjusted threshold, effectively balancing the monitoring sensitivity and data robustness, and improving the accuracy and practicality of the measurement and control decision.

[0064] Specifically, the execution module is used to calculate the average coordinate coincidence difference of the measurement and control section re-determined after adjusting the allowable deviation threshold, and output the measurement report when the average coordinate coincidence difference is less than or equal to the preset coincidence difference threshold.

[0065] In this embodiment, the average coordinate coincidence difference is calculated as follows:

[0066] M δ is the average coordinate coincidence difference, N' is the total number of the re-determined measurement and control section, δ j is the coordinate coincidence difference of the jth measurement and control section.

[0067] By calculating the average coordinate coincidence difference of the re-divided measurement and control section under the adjusted allowable deviation threshold, the overall fitting degree of the actual track geometry state and the reference axis of each section can be quantified; when the average coordinate coincidence difference does not exceed the preset coincidence difference threshold, the system automatically generates a measurement report, and the geometric deviation, smoothness index and local stability index of each section are uniformly summarized, so as to realize comprehensive evaluation of the track construction or maintenance effect. This method fully utilizes the mutual constraint relationship among the gauge, superelevation, coordinate deviation and other parameters, ensures that the measurement and control section division and threshold adjustment are verified in spatial consistency, structural integrity and directional continuity, and improves the reliability and engineering guidance value of the measurement conclusion.

[0068] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not used to limit the present application; for those skilled in the art, the present application can have various changes and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A high-precision measurement system for track construction based on a total station, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: an acquisition module is configured to acquire, in real time, a coordinate sequence of each to-be-measured track section in a total station network in a coordinate system of each station, a coordinate coincidence error between adjacent stations, a relative azimuth of a track center line, a track gauge, a horizontal super-elevation, and a track surface longitudinal smoothness; an overrun determination module is configured to determine a plurality of preliminary overrun sections according to the coordinate sequence, a coordinate deviation of a preset reference axis, and a preset allowable deviation threshold; an analysis module is configured to analyze a plurality of measurement and control sections based on a preset analysis model according to the track gauge, the horizontal super-elevation, and the spatial distribution of the coordinate deviation of the preliminary overrun sections; an identification module is configured to identify a measurement and control section as a linear anomaly section or a local deformation section according to a sudden change feature of the track surface longitudinal smoothness and the continuity of the relative azimuth of each measurement and control section; a calculation module is configured to calculate a linear smoothness index according to the coordinate sequence in each linear anomaly section, and to calculate a local stability index according to the track gauge and the horizontal super-elevation of each local deformation section; an adjustment module is configured to adjust the preset allowable deviation threshold according to the distribution and evolution trend of the linear smoothness index and the local stability index in a preset observation period; an execution module is configured to output a measurement report according to the coordinate coincidence error of the measurement and control section determined after the adjustment of the allowable deviation threshold.

2. The high-precision measurement system for track construction based on a total station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The overrun determination module is configured to construct the coordinate sequence and the coordinate deviation of the preset reference axis in a preset overrun determination time period into a multi-dimensional feature tensor, to perform standardization processing on the feature tensor to obtain a standard feature tensor, to perform independent component analysis on the standard feature tensor to extract independent feature components, to map the coordinate deviation at the current time to the independent feature components to calculate a reconstruction error and an independent feature contribution degree, and to determine a plurality of preliminary overrun sections according to the reconstruction error, the independent feature contribution degree, and the preset allowable deviation threshold.

3. The high-precision measurement system for track construction based on a total station according to claim 2, characterized in that, The overrun determination module is configured to determine that the to-be-measured track section has systematic overrun when the reconstruction error is greater than the preset allowable deviation threshold and the independent feature contribution degree is less than or equal to a preset contribution degree threshold, and to mark the to-be-measured track section as the preliminary overrun section.

4. The high-precision measurement system for track construction based on a total station according to claim 3, characterized in that, The analysis module is configured to calculate a section comprehensive change rate according to the change gradient of the track gauge, the horizontal super-elevation, and the coordinate deviation along the direction of the track center line, and to perform curve fitting and smoothing processing on the comprehensive change rate based on the preset analysis model to obtain a section correlation parameter.

5. The high-precision measurement system for track construction based on a total station according to claim 4, characterized in that, The analysis module is configured to determine that the preliminary overrun section is the measurement and control section when the correlation parameter is greater than a preset correlation threshold, and to analyze a plurality of measurement and control sections.

6. The high-precision measurement system for track construction based on a total station according to claim 5, wherein The identification module is configured to perform wavelet packet transform on the track surface longitudinal smoothness to extract a specific frequency band energy as a feature index value of the abrupt change feature, to calculate a standard deviation of first-order difference values of all the relative orientation angles to obtain a continuity index value, to construct a two-dimensional feature vector according to the feature index value and the continuity index value, and to identify the linear abnormal section or the local deformation section according to the two-dimensional feature vector.

7. The high-precision measurement system for track construction based on a total station according to claim 6, characterized in that, The identification module is configured to determine that the measurement control section is the linear abnormal section when a Euclidean distance between the two-dimensional feature vector and a preset linear standard center point is less than or equal to a Euclidean distance between the two-dimensional feature vector and a preset local standard center point, and to determine that the measurement control section is the local deformation section when the Euclidean distance between the two-dimensional feature vector and the preset linear standard center point is greater than the Euclidean distance between the two-dimensional feature vector and the preset local standard center point.

8. The high-precision measurement system for track construction based on a total station according to claim 7, characterized in that, The calculation module is configured to calculate a linear smoothness index according to a projection deviation of the coordinate sequence in each linear abnormal section on a normal direction of the preset reference axis within a preset calculation time period, and to calculate a local stability index according to a cooperative change rate of the track gauge and the horizontal super-elevation of each local deformation section within the preset calculation time period.

9. The high-precision measurement system for track construction based on a total station according to claim 8, wherein The adjustment module is configured to calculate a mean value and a standard deviation of all the linear smoothness indexes and all the local stability indexes within the preset observation period, to calculate an adjustment determination value according to the mean value of all the linear smoothness indexes and the mean value of all the local stability indexes, and to adjust the preset allowable deviation threshold according to the mean value and the standard deviation of all the linear smoothness indexes and all the local stability indexes when the adjustment determination value is less than a preset adjustment determination threshold.

10. The high-precision measurement system for track construction based on a total station according to claim 9, wherein The execution module is configured to calculate an average coordinate coincidence error of the measurement control section re-determined after the adjustment of the allowable deviation threshold, and to output the measurement report when the average coordinate coincidence error is less than or equal to a preset coincidence error threshold.

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