Seismic exploration observation system offset coupling evaluation method and system
By establishing a residual static correction model and solving for the relative errors between shot points and receiver points, the problem that existing methods fail to consider the complexity of the work area is solved, enabling a more accurate evaluation of the shot-receiver coupling of the observation system and improving the effectiveness of seismic acquisition design.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-10
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods for evaluating shot-detector coupling fail to adequately consider the actual complexity of the work area, making it difficult to improve the quality of seismic acquisition design in complex areas, and failing to effectively reflect the degree of support of the observation system for residual static correction processing.
A residual static correction model for the shot point and receiver point is established. The residual static correction for the shot point and receiver point is solved by an iterative algorithm. The relative error is calculated to evaluate the shot-receiver coupling of the observation system, and the actual seismic data processing technology process is combined.
It provides a more accurate evaluation of the shot-detector coupling of the observation system, and can simulate the residual static correction effect in seismic data processing according to the actual complexity of the work area, thereby improving the design quality of seismic acquisition in complex areas.
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Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of oil and gas field seismic exploration, and particularly relates to a method for evaluating the coupling of shooting and detection of a seismic exploration observation system. BACKGROUND
[0002] Seismic exploration is one of the most important geophysical methods in oil and gas exploration and development, and the data acquisition quality thereof is directly related to the accuracy of seismic imaging and oil and gas reservoir interpretation. In seismic acquisition, the design of an observation system is the most critical link, which determines the coverage characteristics of a seismic wave field and data quality. A reasonable observation system can significantly improve the data processing and imaging effect, and therefore how to scientifically evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of an observation system becomes an important content of seismic acquisition design.
[0003] The existing observation system evaluation methods mainly focus on the quantitative analysis of observation system attributes, acquisition footprint evaluation, wave field numerical simulation based on a geological model, illumination degree analysis, prestack migration operator response analysis, and noise suppression performance evaluation. These methods can reflect the influence of an observation system on imaging to some extent, but the adaptability to the residual static correction processing link is not considered.
[0004] In seismic data processing, static correction is a key step, and in particular in complex surface areas such as the western region, the effect of residual static correction often becomes a main factor affecting imaging accuracy. The design of an observation system has a direct impact on the solvability of residual static correction, and this impact is usually measured by "coupling of shooting and detection". The coupling of shooting and detection refers to the coupling strength between a shot point and a detection point in an observation system, that is, the connection degree between them. The stronger the coupling is, the closer the relationship between the shot point and the detection point is, which is beneficial to improving the calculation accuracy of the residual static correction amount.
[0005] The commonly used coupling evaluation method of shooting and detection is relatively simple, and usually measures the coupling degree according to the number of repeated receiving lines in the rolling process of shooting and detection, or by calculating the "surface coverage times". The more the repeated lines or coverage times are, the better the coupling is. However, this kind of method mainly depends on the geometric superposition relationship, and fails to consider the actual surface complexity of the work area, nor does it establish a direct link with the residual static correction solving process in seismic data processing, and therefore there are problems of lack of rationality and weak pertinence. When applied in complex areas, the evaluation result is often difficult to truly reflect the support degree of the observation system to the static correction processing effect.
[0006] The above method is too simple, and does not consider the actual situation of the work area. Therefore, it is urgent to propose a new coupling evaluation method of shooting and detection, which can simulate the technical principle of residual static correction in seismic data processing according to the actual complexity of the work area, and quantitatively evaluate the coupling of shooting and detection of an observation system for the effect of residual static correction, so as to improve the quality of seismic acquisition design in complex areas. SUMMARY
[0007] The purpose of the present application is to provide a method and system for evaluating the coupling of shot and receiver of a seismic exploration observation system.
[0008] The present application is achieved by the following measures: In a first aspect, the present embodiment provides a method for evaluating the coupling of shot and receiver of a seismic exploration observation system, characterized in that: parameters of the observation system to be evaluated are set; a model of residual statics of shot points and receiver points is established; based on the relationship between shot and receiver of the observation system, and in combination with the model of residual statics, the synthetic residual statics of each seismic trace is calculated; the residual statics of each shot point and receiver point is taken as an unknown quantity, and the synthetic residual statics is taken as a known quantity, so as to solve the residual statics of each shot point and receiver point; the relative error between the solved residual statics and the model value is calculated, and the coupling of shot and receiver of the observation system is evaluated according to the relative error.
[0009] Further, the parameters include the positions of shot points and receiver points, and the corresponding relationship between excitation and reception.
[0010] Further, the establishment of the model of residual statics of shot points and receiver points comprises: a numerical range of residual statics is set according to the complexity of the surface of the work area; the residual statics values of each shot point and receiver point are generated within the numerical range by using a random number function, so as to form a planar distribution model of shot points and receiver points.
[0011] Further, the synthetic residual statics of each seismic trace is the sum of the model value of the residual statics of the corresponding shot point and the model value of the residual statics of the receiver point.
[0012] Further, the average value is calculated according to the relative error of each shot point and receiver point, which is taken as the evaluation result. The larger the value is, the worse the coupling of shot and receiver of the observation system to be evaluated is, and vice versa.
[0013] Further, the solving of the residual statics of each shot point and receiver point comprises: a relationship equation set of the residual statics of each shot point and receiver point and the synthetic residual statics is established according to the relationship between shot and receiver of the observation system; the residual statics of each shot point and receiver point is solved by using an iterative algorithm.
[0014] In a second aspect, the present embodiment provides a system for evaluating the coupling of shot and receiver of a seismic exploration observation system, characterized in that it comprises: a parameter setting module configured to set parameters of an observation system to be evaluated; a model establishing module configured to establish a model of residual static correction amounts of shot points and geophone points; a synthesis calculation module configured to calculate a synthetic residual static correction amount of each seismic trace based on shot-geophone relations of the observation system and in combination with the model of residual static correction amounts of the shot points and the geophone points; an equation set solving module configured to solve the residual static correction amounts of the shot points and the geophone points by taking the residual static correction amounts of the shot points and the geophone points as unknowns and taking the synthetic residual static correction amount as a known; an evaluation module configured to calculate a relative error between the solved residual static correction amount and a model value, and evaluate shot-geophone coupling of the observation system according to the relative error.
[0015] In a third aspect, the embodiment provides an electronic device, and the electronic device comprises a processor and a memory, and the processor is configured to execute a program stored in the memory, the program being used for a method for evaluating shot-geophone coupling of a seismic exploration observation system.
[0016] In a fourth aspect, the embodiment provides a storage medium, and the storage medium stores one or more programs, and the one or more programs can be executed by one or more processors to implement the method for evaluating shot-geophone coupling of a seismic exploration observation system.
[0017] The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the present application has the following beneficial effects: the present application establishes a model of residual static correction amounts of shot points and geophone points based on actual surface complexity of a work area, establishes an equation set according to an observation system, and evaluates shot-geophone coupling of the observation system by using residual static correction amount solving errors of the shot points and the geophone points, thus breaking the defect that the current method does not consider actual situations of the work area; the present application establishes a connection between observation system coupling and seismic data processing technology according to an actual seismic data processing technical flow, and the evaluation result is more persuasive. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical scheme of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings used in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings listed below only show some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative effort.
[0019] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for evaluating shot-geophone coupling of a seismic exploration observation system in an embodiment; Figure 2 Initial residual static correction amount distribution of existing data of the work area A; Figure 3 Template map of observation system 1 of work area A (red is shot point, blue is receiver point); Figure 4 Template map of observation system 2 of work area A (red is shot point, blue is receiver point); Figure 5 Residual static correction amount model of shot point and receiver point of work area A; Figure 6 Relative error of residual static correction amount of shot point and receiver point of work area A inverted by observation system 1; Figure 7 Relative error of residual static correction amount of shot point and receiver point of work area A inverted by observation system 2; Figure 8 Template map of observation system 3 of work area B (red is shot point, blue is receiver point); Figure 9 Template map of observation system 4 of work area B (red is shot point, blue is receiver point); Figure 10 Residual static correction amount model of shot point and receiver point of work area B; Figure 11 Relative error of residual static correction amount of shot point and receiver point of work area B inverted by observation system 3; Figure 12 Relative error of residual static correction amount of shot point and receiver point of work area B inverted by observation system 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to examples. Of course, the specific examples described herein are only used to explain the present application, and are not used to limit the present application.
[0021] Example 1 Referring to Figure 1 The present embodiment provides a method for evaluating coupling of shot and receiver of a seismic exploration observation system, characterized in that the method comprises: S1, setting parameters of an observation system to be evaluated, the parameters comprising shot point position and receiver point position, and corresponding relationship between excitation and reception. The shot point position determines a way of arranging a seismic source (shot line distance, shot point distance, etc.), and the receiver point position determines a way of arranging a receiving array (receiving trace distance, line distance, etc.).
[0022] S2, establishing a residual static correction amount model of shot point and receiver point, comprising: According to the complexity of the ground surface in the work area, the numerical range of the residual static correction amount is set; the residual static correction amount of each shot point or geophone point is randomly distributed within a numerical range and has positive and negative values. If there is three-dimensional seismic data in the construction area, the residual static correction amount distribution is set according to the actual data; if the three-dimensional seismic acquisition is carried out for the first time in the construction area, for the eastern horizontal ground surface on land, the numerical range is generally set as [-10ms, 10ms]; for the western undulating ground surface on land, the numerical range is generally set as [-20ms, 20ms].
[0023] Within the numerical range, the residual static correction amount values of each shot point and geophone point are generated by using a random number function to form a plane distribution model of the shot points and geophone points.
[0024] S3, based on the shot-receiver relationship of the observation system and combined with the residual static correction amount model, the synthetic residual static correction amount of each seismic trace is calculated, and the synthetic residual static correction amount of each seismic trace is the sum of the residual static correction amount model value of the shot point corresponding to the seismic trace and the residual static correction amount model value of the geophone point. The "shot-receiver relationship" refers to which geophones receive the signal when a certain shot point excites the signal in the observation system design.
[0025] S4, taking the residual static correction amount of each shot point and geophone point as an unknown quantity and taking the synthetic residual static correction amount as a known quantity, the residual static correction amount of the shot point and the geophone point is solved. The residual static correction amount of the shot point and the geophone point includes: According to the shot-receiver relationship of the observation system, a relationship equation group of the residual static correction amount of the shot point and the geophone point and the synthetic residual static correction amount is established; The residual static correction amount of each shot point and geophone point is obtained by solving the equation through an iterative algorithm.
[0026] S5, the relative error between the solved residual static correction amount and the model value is calculated, and the shot-receiver coupling of the observation system is evaluated according to the relative error. The average value of the relative error of each shot point and geophone point is calculated as the evaluation result, and the larger the value is, the worse the shot-receiver coupling of the observation system to be evaluated is, and vice versa.
[0027] Embodiment two: Reference Figures 2-7 In order to verify the application effect of the method for evaluating the shot-receiver coupling of a seismic exploration observation system, the following takes the work area A as an example, two different observation systems are designed in the work area, which are named as observation system 1 and observation system 2.
[0028] S1, the parameters of the observation system to be evaluated are set, and the specific parameters are shown in Table 1. The shot-receiver coupling of the two observation systems is evaluated by the method of the application.
[0029] Table 1
[0030] The observation system layout is realized by template rolling, the bin distance is the moving distance of one lateral rolling of the template, and the rolling arrangement is the receiving line number passed by one lateral rolling; the template is rolled vertically according to the shot line distance. The templates of the two observation systems in Table 1 can be represented as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 , in which the positions of the shot points and the geophones and the relationship between the shot points and the geophones (all the geophones receive when the shot point in the template is excited) are defined.
[0031] S2, a model of residual static correction amounts of shot points and geophones is established, the work area is the second three-dimensional seismic acquisition, and according to the existing data analysis (see Figure 2 ), the initial residual static correction amounts of the work area are mainly distributed in [-10ms, 10ms].
[0032] The residual static correction amount values of each shot point and geophone are generated in the range of [-10ms, 10ms] by using a random number function to form a planar distribution model of the shot points and the geophones, and the random number function is: (1) wherein RAND() is the random number function, and a and b are the lower limit and the upper limit of the random number distribution respectively. Figure 5 is the planar distribution of the residual static correction amount model of the shot points and the geophones randomly generated in the interval of [-10ms, 10ms] by using formula (1).
[0033] S3, according to the pre-evaluated observation system, the synthetic residual static correction amount of each seismic trace is calculated by using formula (2).
[0034] (2) wherein i=1, 2, 3,..., M, M is the total number of shot points; j=1, 2, 3,..., N, N is the total number of geophones; is the model residual static correction amount of the shot point i, is the model residual static correction amount of the geophone j, is the synthetic residual static correction amount of the seismic trace received by the jth geophone when the ith shot point is excited.
[0035] S4, the residual static correction amount of each shot point and geophone is taken as an unknown quantity, and the synthetic residual static correction amount of each seismic trace is taken as a known quantity, an equation group (formula 3) is established according to the shot-geophone relationship in the pre-observation system, and the residual static correction amounts of the shot points and the geophones are obtained by solving the equation by using the Gauss-Seidel iteration method.
[0036] (3) S5, calculate the relative error between the residual static correction quantity obtained by solving and the model value, and evaluate the shot-receiver coupling of the observation system according to the relative error. The average value is calculated according to the relative error of each shot point and receiver, which is used as the evaluation result. The larger the value is, the worse the shot-receiver coupling of the observation system to be evaluated is, and vice versa. Figure 6 and Figure 7 The relative errors between the residual static correction quantities of the observation system 1 and the observation system 2 and the model values are shown in Figures 1 and 2, respectively. It can be seen from the figures that the error of the observation system 1 is obviously smaller than that of the observation system 2. Further calculation of the average relative error shows that the observation system 1 is 1.3%, and the observation system 2 is 3.2%, which indicates that the shot-receiver coupling of the observation system 1 is better.
[0037] Example Three: Referring to Figures 8-12 To verify the application effect of the method for evaluating the shot-receiver coupling of a seismic exploration observation system, the following takes the work area B as an example. Two different observation systems are designed in the work area, which are named as observation system 3 and observation system 4.
[0038] S1, set the parameters of the observation system to be evaluated. The specific parameters are shown in Table 2. The shot-receiver coupling of the two observation systems is evaluated by the method.
[0039] Table 2
[0040] S2, establish the residual static correction quantity model of the shot point and the receiver. The work area is located in the west, the surface is relatively complex, and it is the first time for three-dimensional seismic acquisition. According to the experience in similar areas, the residual static correction quantity is mainly distributed in [-20ms, 20ms], Figure 10 The plane distribution of the residual static correction quantity model of the shot point and the receiver randomly generated in the [-20ms, 20ms] interval by using formula (1) is shown in Figure 3.
[0041] S3, according to the pre-evaluated observation system, calculate the synthesized residual static correction quantity of each seismic trace by using formula (2).
[0042] S4, take the residual static correction quantity of each shot point and receiver as an unknown quantity, and the synthesized residual static correction quantity of each seismic trace as a known quantity. According to the shot-receiver relationship in the pre-observation system, establish an equation group (formula 3), and solve the equation by using the Gauss-Seidel iteration method to obtain the residual static correction quantity of the shot point and the receiver.
[0043] S5, calculate the relative error between the residual static correction quantity obtained by solving and the model value, and evaluate the shot-receiver coupling of the observation system according to the relative error. The average value is calculated according to the relative error of each shot point and receiver, which is used as the evaluation result. The larger the value is, the worse the shot-receiver coupling of the observation system to be evaluated is, and vice versa. FromFigure 11 and Figure 12 As can be seen from the figure, the error of the observation system 4 is obviously smaller than that of the observation system 3. Further calculation of the average relative error shows that the observation system 4 is 1.5% and the observation system 3 is 2.4%, which indicates that the coupling of the observation system 4 is better.
[0044] Embodiment Four The embodiment provides a system for evaluating the coupling of a seismic exploration observation system, and the system is characterized in that the system comprises: a parameter setting module configured to set parameters of an observation system to be evaluated; a model establishing module configured to establish a residual static correction model of a shot point and a receiver point; a synthesis calculation module configured to calculate a synthesized residual static correction of each seismic trace based on a shot-receiver relationship of the observation system and in combination with the residual static correction model; an equation set solving module configured to take the residual static corrections of the shot points and the receiver points as unknown quantities and take the synthesized residual static correction as a known quantity, and solve the residual static corrections of the shot points and the receiver points; an evaluation module configured to calculate a relative error between the solved residual static correction and a model value, and evaluate the coupling of the observation system according to the relative error.
[0045] The specific functions of each module are described above in the method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.
[0046] Embodiment Five The embodiment provides an electronic device, and the electronic device is characterized in that the electronic device comprises a processor and a memory, and the processor is configured to execute a program stored in the memory for a method for evaluating the coupling of a seismic exploration observation system, so as to implement the method for evaluating the coupling of the seismic exploration observation system.
[0047] An electronic device comprises at least one processor, a memory, at least one network interface and other user interfaces. Each component in the electronic device is coupled together through a bus system. It can be understood that the bus system is used to realize the connection communication between the components. In addition to the data bus, the bus system also includes a power bus, a control bus and a status signal bus.
[0048] The user interface can include a display, a keyboard or a clicking device (for example, a mouse, a trackball, a touchpad or a touch screen, etc.). It can be understood that the memory in the embodiment of the present application can be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or can include both volatile and non-volatile memories.
[0049] In the embodiments of the present application, the processor is configured to execute the method steps provided by the embodiments of the method by invoking the programs or instructions stored in the memory, and the programs or instructions stored in the memory can be specifically programs or instructions stored in an application program.
[0050] In some embodiments, the memory stores the following elements, executable units or data structures, or a subset thereof, or an extended set thereof: an operating system and an application program.
[0051] The operating system includes various system programs, such as a framework layer, a core library layer, a driver layer, etc., for implementing various basic services and processing hardware-based tasks. The application program includes various application programs, such as a media player (Media Player), a browser (Browser), etc., for implementing various application services. The programs for implementing the method embodiments of the present application can be included in the application program.
[0052] Embodiment six: The embodiment provides a storage medium, characterized by storing one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are executable by one or more processors to implement the method for evaluating the coupling of shots and receivers of a seismic exploration observation system.
[0053] The method steps described in combination with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by hardware, software modules executed by a processor, or a combination of both. The software modules can be placed in a random access memory (RAM), a memory, a read-only memory (ROM), an electrically programmable ROM, an electrically erasable programmable ROM, a register, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
[0054] The above description is only the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A method for evaluating the coupling of a seismic exploration survey system, characterized in that, The method comprises: setting parameters of an observation system to be evaluated; establishing a model of residual static correction amounts of shot points and geophone points; calculating a synthetic residual static correction amount of each seismic trace based on a shot-geophone relationship of the observation system and in combination with the model of residual static correction amounts; solving the residual static correction amounts of the shot points and the geophone points by taking the residual static correction amounts of the shot points and the geophone points as unknown quantities and the synthetic residual static correction amount as a known quantity; calculating a relative error between the solved residual static correction amount and a model value, and evaluating the shot-geophone coupling of the observation system according to the relative error.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, The parameters include shot point positions and geophone point positions, and a corresponding relationship between excitation and reception.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: The model of residual static correction amounts of the shot points and the geophone points comprises: setting a numerical range of the residual static correction amounts according to the complexity of a work area surface; generating residual static correction amount values of the shot points and the geophone points in the numerical range by using a random number function to form a planar distribution model of the shot points and the geophone points.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: The synthetic residual static correction amount of each seismic trace is a sum of a residual static correction amount model value of a corresponding shot point and a residual static correction amount model value of a geophone point.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: An average value of the relative errors of each shot point and geophone point is calculated as an evaluation result, and the larger the value is, the worse the shot-geophone coupling of the observation system to be evaluated is, and vice versa.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: The solving of the residual static correction amounts of the shot points and the geophone points comprises: establishing a relationship equation group of the residual static correction amounts of the shot points and the geophone points and the synthetic residual static correction amount based on the shot-geophone relationship of the observation system; solving the residual static correction amounts of each shot point and geophone point by using an iterative algorithm.
7. An evaluation system for coupling of seismic exploration survey system shot and receiver, characterized in that, The method comprises: a parameter setting module configured to set parameters of an observation system to be evaluated; a model establishing module configured to establish a model of residual static correction amounts of shot points and geophone points; a synthetic calculation module configured to calculate a synthetic residual static correction amount of each seismic trace based on a shot-geophone relationship of the observation system and in combination with the model of residual static correction amounts; an equation group solving module configured to solve the residual static correction amounts of the shot points and the geophone points by taking the residual static correction amounts of the shot points and the geophone points as unknown quantities and the synthetic residual static correction amount as a known quantity; an evaluation module configured to calculate a relative error between the solved residual static correction amount and a model value, and evaluate the shot-geophone coupling of the observation system according to the relative error.
8. An electronic device, comprising: The method comprises: a processor and a memory, the processor being configured to execute a program stored in the memory for a seismic exploration observation system shot-geophone coupling evaluation method to implement the seismic exploration observation system shot-geophone coupling evaluation method in any one of claims 1-6.
9. A storage medium, characterized by The storage medium stores one or more programs, which can be executed by one or more processors to implement the seismic exploration observation system shot-geophone coupling evaluation method in any one of claims 1-6.