Waste mine ecological environment restoration method and system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological environment restoration, in particular to an abandoned mine ecological environment restoration method and system.The abandoned mine ecological environment restoration method comprises the steps that a plurality of temperature parameters and topographic parameters of all monitoring areas are obtained through an unmanned aerial vehicle carrying monitoring equipment to mark feature monitoring areas, and earth surface images of all the feature monitoring areas are obtained; judging whether the feature monitoring area has a deformation risk or not, constructing deformation trend characterization vectors based on the surface texture contour, performing homologous trend analysis on each deformation trend characterization vector, judging a land parcel trend category of the feature monitoring area, and determining an optimization strategy of environmental restoration according to the land parcel trend category. According to the method, the feature monitoring area with the freeze-thaw phenomenon can be rapidly identified, the optimization strategy of environment restoration is adaptively determined according to the actual deformation features in the area, and the reliability of abandoned mine ecological environment restoration is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological environment restoration technology, and in particular to a method and system for ecological environment restoration of abandoned mines. Background Technology

[0002] With a long history of mineral resource extraction, numerous abandoned mines have been left behind. These areas generally face multiple problems, including fragmented terrain, unstable geological structures, and degraded ecological functions. Specifically, this manifests as potential slope collapses, developed surface fissures, increased soil erosion, and low vegetation cover. These issues not only disrupt the regional ecological balance but also threaten the safety of surrounding residents and even impact the ecological environment quality of watersheds. With the advancement of ecological civilization construction, the ecological restoration of abandoned mines has become a crucial issue in ecological protection. Eliminating geological safety hazards, rebuilding ecological functions, and achieving sustainable land resource utilization through scientific methods has become an important task in ecological civilization construction. Traditional risk exploration mainly relies on manual on-site investigations and geological mapping, which is labor-intensive, time-consuming, costly, and makes it difficult to achieve continuous dynamic monitoring of large areas. The hidden and gradual instability risks caused by freeze-thaw cycles and groundwater activity are often only discovered after obvious deformation or disaster occurs, missing the best time for intervention. This leads to a sharp increase in restoration costs and poor results. At the same time, current restoration practices often regard surface deformation and cracks as slope instability in a general way, and often adopt simple soil covering and general engineering reinforcement. However, the dominant mechanisms causing topographic instability may be different. They may be mainly driven by surface and groundwater activities, such as runoff erosion and increased pore water pressure, or they may be driven by defects in the rock and soil structure itself and physical effects such as freeze-thaw. Using the same restoration methods may lead to treating the symptoms but not the root cause, and the project is prone to failure and recurrence, affecting the effectiveness and reliability of ecological environment restoration. Therefore, improving the reliability of ecological environment restoration of abandoned mines is an urgent technical problem to be solved.

[0003] For example, Chinese patent application publication number CN119204480A discloses a decision-making method for the ecological restoration direction of abandoned open-pit mines, belonging to the field of ecological environment restoration technology. Based on an investigation of the various attribute conditions of the open-pit mine to be restored, each attribute condition is used in a hierarchical and step-by-step decision-making model to determine the appropriate ecological restoration direction for each mining area. By accumulating the attribute conditions for each ecological restoration direction, the one that satisfies the most attribute conditions is designated as the most suitable restoration direction. Other suitable directions are also selected for selection during project implementation. This method solves the problem of unclear restoration direction and objectives before the establishment of open-pit mine ecological restoration projects in the field of mine ecological restoration, providing a decision-making method and basis for determining the subsequent ecological restoration direction of open-pit mines.

[0004] The following problems still exist in the existing technology: Existing technologies do not take into account the potential spatial heterogeneity of microclimate, moisture conditions, and soil properties within abandoned mines, which can lead to the localization and selectivity of freeze-thaw phenomena. This results in varying risks of geological instability. Existing technologies cannot quickly identify characteristic monitoring areas with freeze-thaw phenomena, nor can they adaptively determine optimized environmental remediation strategies based on the actual deformation characteristics within the area, thus affecting the reliability of ecological environment restoration in abandoned mines. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address this, the present invention provides a method and system for ecological restoration of abandoned mines, which overcomes the problems of existing technologies being unable to quickly identify characteristic monitoring areas with freeze-thaw phenomena and unable to adaptively determine optimized environmental restoration strategies based on the actual deformation characteristics within the area, thus affecting the reliability of ecological restoration of abandoned mines.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for ecological restoration of abandoned mines, comprising: The mining area to be restored is divided into several monitoring areas, and several temperature and terrain parameters of each monitoring area are obtained by drones equipped with monitoring equipment within a preset monitoring period. Elevation characterization parameters are determined based on the temperature and topographic parameters of the monitored area to mark the characteristic monitored area; Surface images of each of the feature monitoring areas are acquired, and several surface texture contours in the surface images are identified to determine whether there is a deformation risk in the feature monitoring area. In response to the existence of deformation risk, a deformation trend representation vector is constructed based on the surface texture contours. A homogeneous trend analysis is performed on each deformation trend characterization vector to determine the similarity trend parameter and the homogeneous characterization parameter. Based on the similarity trend parameter and the homogeneous characterization parameter, the land parcel trend category of the feature monitoring area is determined. The optimization strategy for environmental remediation based on the land parcel trend category is to determine the layout direction and depth increase of underground drainage blind ditches based on the characteristic direction and the elevation characterization parameters. The characteristic direction is determined based on the component vectors of several deformation trend characterization vectors. The increase in grouting hole depth and the decrease in hole spacing are determined based on the instability tendency parameters and the homogeneous characterization parameters. The instability tendency parameters are determined according to several deformation tendency characterization vectors.

[0007] Furthermore, the process of marking feature monitoring areas includes, The temperature parameters and corresponding terrain parameters of each monitoring area are acquired at several monitoring times within a preset monitoring period. The difference between the terrain parameter corresponding to the minimum temperature parameter and the terrain parameter corresponding to the maximum temperature parameter is calculated, and the difference is determined as the elevation characterization parameter of the monitoring area. If the elevation characterization parameter of the monitored area exceeds the preset elevation characterization parameter threshold, the monitored area will be marked as a feature monitoring area. The terrain parameter is the average elevation value of several monitoring points within the monitoring area.

[0008] Furthermore, the process of determining whether the feature monitoring area is at risk of deformation includes, If the number of surface texture contours within the feature monitoring area exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined that the feature monitoring area is at risk of deformation.

[0009] Furthermore, the process of performing homology trend analysis on each deformation trend characterization vector includes, Obtain several deformation trend representation vectors within the feature monitoring area; Calculate the mean angle between the vectors representing each deformation tendency, and determine the mean angle between the vectors as the similarity tendency parameter; Calculate the shortest distance between each deformation tendency characterization vector and the remaining deformation tendency characterization vectors, and determine the mean of the shortest distance as the homogeneous characterization parameter.

[0010] Furthermore, the process of determining the land parcel trend category in the feature monitoring area includes, If the similarity tendency parameter and the homology characterization parameter of the feature monitoring area meet the first land parcel trend condition, then the feature monitoring area is determined to be the first land parcel trend category; If the similarity tendency parameter and the homology characterization parameter of the feature monitoring area do not meet the first land parcel trend condition, then the feature monitoring area is determined to be the second land parcel trend category; The first land parcel's orientation condition is that the similarity tendency parameter exceeds a preset similarity tendency parameter threshold, and the homogeneity characterization parameter does not exceed a preset homogeneity characterization parameter threshold.

[0011] Furthermore, the process of determining the optimal strategy for environmental remediation includes, If the feature monitoring area is the first plot of land, then the layout direction and depth increase of the underground drainage blind ditch are determined based on the feature direction and the elevation characterization parameters. If the feature monitoring area belongs to the second land parcel trend category, the increase in grouting hole depth and the decrease in hole spacing are determined based on the instability trend parameter and the homogeneous characterization parameter.

[0012] Furthermore, the process of determining the feature direction based on the component vectors of several deformation tendency characterization vectors includes, The deformation trend characterization vectors within the feature monitoring area are orthogonally decomposed, and the sub-vectors obtained from the orthogonal decomposition of each deformation trend characterization vector are labeled as the first sub-vector and the second sub-vector, respectively. Calculate the mean magnitude of the first component vector and the mean magnitude of the second component vector respectively; The direction corresponding to the maximum value between the average magnitude of the first component vector and the average magnitude of the second component vector is determined as the feature direction.

[0013] Furthermore, the process of determining the layout direction and depth increase of underground drainage blind ditches includes, The underground drainage blind ditch is laid out in a direction perpendicular to the aforementioned characteristic direction; The increase in depth is positively correlated with the elevation characterization parameter.

[0014] Furthermore, the process of determining the increase in grouting hole depth and the decrease in hole spacing includes, Calculate the mean magnitude of the deformation tendency characterization vector within the feature monitoring area, and determine the mean magnitude as the instability tendency parameter; The increase in grouting hole depth is positively correlated with the instability tendency parameter. The reduction in aperture spacing is negatively correlated with the homologous characterization parameters.

[0015] This invention also provides an ecological environment restoration system for abandoned mines, comprising: The feature acquisition module is used to acquire several temperature parameters, terrain parameters, and surface images of each monitoring area within a preset monitoring period; A plot marking module, which is connected to the feature acquisition module, is used to determine elevation characterization parameters based on the temperature parameters and topographic parameters of the monitoring area to mark the feature monitoring area; The feature recognition module is connected to the feature acquisition module and the land parcel marking module respectively, and is used to identify several surface texture contours in the surface image to determine whether there is a deformation risk in the feature monitoring area, and to construct a deformation trend representation vector based on the surface texture contours. A feature analysis module, which is connected to the feature recognition module, is used to perform homogeneous trend analysis on each deformation trend characterization vector to determine the land parcel trend category of the feature monitoring area; An optimization strategy generation module, which is connected to the feature analysis module, is used to determine the environmental remediation optimization strategy based on the land parcel trend category, which is to determine the layout direction and depth increase of underground drainage blind ditches based on feature direction and the elevation characterization parameters. The increase in grouting hole depth and the decrease in hole spacing are determined based on the instability tendency parameter and the homogeneity characterization parameter.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention divides the mine area to be restored into several monitoring areas, acquires several temperature and topographic parameters of each monitoring area using a drone equipped with monitoring equipment, marks the feature monitoring areas, acquires surface images of each feature monitoring area, identifies several surface texture contours in the surface images to determine whether there is a deformation risk in the feature monitoring area, and in response to the existence of deformation risk, constructs a deformation trend representation vector based on the surface texture contours, performs homologous trend analysis on each deformation trend representation vector to determine similarity tendency parameters and homologous representation parameters, determines the land parcel trend category of the feature monitoring area based on the similarity tendency parameters and homologous representation parameters, and determines the environmental remediation optimization strategy based on the land parcel trend category. This strategy involves determining the layout direction and depth increase of underground drainage blind ditches based on feature direction and elevation representation parameters, and determining the increase in grouting hole depth and the reduction in hole spacing based on instability trend parameters and homologous representation parameters. Thus, it achieves rapid identification of feature monitoring areas with freeze-thaw phenomena, and adaptively determines the environmental remediation optimization strategy based on the actual deformation characteristics within the area, thereby improving the reliability of ecological environment restoration of abandoned mines.

[0017] In particular, this invention determines elevation characterization parameters based on temperature and topographic parameters of the monitoring area to mark characteristic monitoring areas. This means that using drones to scan large-scale, topographically complex mining areas to acquire continuous spatial data improves the efficiency and coverage of initial risk screening. Through coupled analysis of temperature and topographic parameters, utilizing their inherent correlation, it characterizes the potential instability of the terrain driven by temperature cycle changes, accurately locates areas of microenvironmental anomalies, and moves the risk warning point forward. This provides a scientific basis and spatial guidance for initiating more precise targeted monitoring, enabling limited exploration resources to be more accurately deployed to high-risk areas. This optimizes the economy and effectiveness of the overall restoration project, achieving early, rapid, and low-cost screening of freeze-thaw risk areas in abandoned mines. It overcomes the shortcomings of traditional manual exploration, such as narrow coverage, low efficiency, and insensitivity to hidden risks. Furthermore, it enables rapid identification of characteristic monitoring areas with freeze-thaw phenomena, improving the reliability of ecological environment restoration in abandoned mines.

[0018] In particular, this invention determines whether a feature monitoring area has deformation risk based on several surface texture contours in surface images. It is understood that in areas with deformation risks such as freeze-thaw cycles or subsidence, internal stress adjustments and displacements will form texture contours on the surface in two main ways: first, by directly generating new cracks such as tensile cracks and shear cracks; and second, by exacerbating the expansion, connection, and branching of existing gullies or fissures. The quantity density of texture contours in a region is a direct surface indicator of the activity level of its internal geomechanical processes. When there are a large number of texture contours in a feature monitoring area, it indicates that the surface deformation in that area is more severe, requiring timely further identification and analysis to optimize environmental remediation strategies. By rapidly capturing and quantifying microscopic deformation signs, hidden and scattered geological instability precursors are transformed into identifiable early warning signals, allowing limited resources to be more accurately allocated to areas that need them most. Thus, the determination of regional deformation risk is realized, improving the reliability of ecological environment restoration of abandoned mines.

[0019] In particular, this invention performs homogeneous trend analysis on the deformation trend characterization vectors to determine the land parcel trend category of the feature monitoring area. It is understood that different instability forces will leave different geometric features on the surface. By quantifying the directional consistency and spatial clustering of these features, the dominant mechanism of each land parcel region can be analyzed. The similarity tendency parameter, i.e., the dispersion of the surface texture direction, is crucial. For water-dominated areas, the surface texture is mainly composed of runoff erosion, gullies, or mudflow traces. These traces are complex networks formed by fluids flowing, cutting down, and branching along the surface under gravity. Their flow paths are controlled by micro-topography, resulting in variable directions and relatively chaotic vector directions for deformation trend characterization vectors, with a large similarity tendency parameter. For structure-dominated areas, the surface texture is mainly composed of tensile cracks, shear cracks, etc. The development of these cracks is influenced by the internal stress field of the rock mass. Or inherent structural surfaces such as joints and bedding planes often exhibit a relatively ordered, parallel appearance. The vector directions of deformation tendency characterization vectors are relatively consistent, and the similarity tendency parameter is small. The homogeneous characterization parameter is the spatial distribution density of surface texture. In water-dominated areas, in order to effectively collect water flow, the surface texture contours need to be interconnected and interwoven to form a dense and close network. Therefore, the spatial distance between deformation tendency characterization vectors is small, i.e., the homogeneous characterization parameter is small. In structure-dominated areas, cracks may develop along equally spaced weak surfaces or be sparsely distributed. Their spatial distribution may be relatively discrete. Therefore, the average distance between deformation tendency characterization vectors is large, i.e., the homogeneous characterization parameter is large. Thus, the determination of the land parcel tendency category in the feature monitoring area is realized, improving the reliability of ecological environment restoration of abandoned mines.

[0020] In particular, under the condition of the first plot orientation category, this invention determines the layout direction and depth increase of underground drainage blind ditches based on characteristic directions and elevation characterization parameters. It can be understood that by determining the characteristic direction through orthogonal decomposition and modulus mean calculation, the dominant direction of the surface runoff network or dominant erosion path is identified, ensuring that the drainage blind ditches can be laid out in the most effective direction to intercept groundwater runoff and maximize their effectiveness in blocking groundwater runoff or reducing local water head. This overcomes the blindness of traditional experience-based layout and establishes a positive correlation between the depth increase and elevation characterization parameters. For high-risk areas with severe freeze-thaw deformation and more serious potential water hazards, a greater design depth is given to ensure that the drainage blind ditches can act on deeper potential slip surfaces or saturated zones, fundamentally eliminating the threat of instability. In lower-risk areas, a shallower depth is used to avoid waste caused by excessive engineering and achieve the optimal balance between safety and economy. In turn, it realizes the adaptive determination of environmental remediation optimization strategies based on the actual deformation characteristics of the area, improving the reliability of ecological environment restoration of abandoned mines.

[0021] In particular, under the second block trend category, this invention determines the increase in grouting hole depth and the decrease in hole spacing based on instability trend parameters and homogeneous characterization parameters. It can be understood that by establishing a positive correlation between depth and instability trend parameters, deeper grouting holes are used in areas with deeper and longer fractures, allowing grout to be effectively injected into the deep part of the potential fracture surface, forming a reliable reinforced anchoring section. By establishing a negative correlation between hole spacing and homogeneous characterization parameters, adaptive adjustment of the grouting hole network density is achieved. In areas with dense fractures and severely fractured rock masses, the hole spacing is automatically reduced to ensure that reinforced bodies such as concretions can effectively cross-link into a network, forming a complete reinforced curtain and preventing fracture propagation and block separation. In areas with relatively sparse fractures, a larger spacing is used to avoid unnecessary engineering waste, maximizing the reinforcement effect within a limited cost. Furthermore, this achieves the adaptive determination of optimized environmental remediation strategies based on the actual deformation characteristics of the area, improving the reliability of ecological environment restoration in abandoned mines. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of the abandoned mine ecological environment restoration method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the logic of determining whether a feature monitoring area has a risk of deformation in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the logic of determining the land parcel trend category in a feature monitoring area according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating the logic of determining an optimized strategy for environmental remediation in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0024] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," etc., which indicate the direction or positional relationship, are based on the direction or positional relationship shown in the drawings. This is only for the convenience of description and is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0026] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0027] Please see Figure 1 The diagram illustrates the steps of an abandoned mine ecological environment restoration method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method includes: Step S100: Divide the mine area to be repaired into several monitoring areas, and use a drone equipped with monitoring equipment to obtain several temperature parameters and terrain parameters of each monitoring area within a preset monitoring period. Specifically, the preset monitoring period can be winter, which characterizes the freezing process, or a quarter. The monitoring area can be uniformly divided in a grid pattern. The area of ​​each monitoring area is the product of the total area of ​​the mine to be restored and the division factor. The division factor can be set by those skilled in the art according to the accuracy requirements of environmental restoration. The higher the accuracy requirement, the smaller the value should be. The value range can be [0.01, 0.03], preferably 0.02.

[0028] Specifically, the monitoring equipment carried by drones may include lidar scanning devices and temperature acquisition devices, which are common applications of drones and will not be elaborated further.

[0029] Step S200: Determine elevation characterization parameters based on the temperature parameters and topographic parameters of the monitoring area to mark the characteristic monitoring area; Step S300: Obtain surface images of each of the feature monitoring areas, identify several surface texture contours in the surface images to determine whether there is a deformation risk in the feature monitoring area, and in response to the existence of deformation risk, construct a deformation trend representation vector based on the surface texture contours. Specifically, edge detection algorithms can be used to obtain the contours of several surface textures in a surface image. Of course, other methods can also be used, which will not be elaborated here.

[0030] Step S400: Perform homogeneous trend analysis on each deformation trend characterization vector to determine similarity tendency parameters and homogeneous characterization parameters, and determine the land parcel trend category of the feature monitoring area based on the similarity tendency parameters and homogeneous characterization parameters; Step S500: Based on the land parcel trend category, the optimization strategy for environmental remediation is determined to be the layout direction and depth increase of underground drainage blind ditches based on the characteristic direction and the elevation characterization parameters. The characteristic direction is determined based on the sub-vectors of several deformation trend characterization vectors. The increase in grouting hole depth and the decrease in hole spacing are determined based on the instability tendency parameters and the homogeneous characterization parameters. The instability tendency parameters are determined according to several deformation tendency characterization vectors.

[0031] Specifically, the process of marking feature monitoring areas includes, The temperature parameters and corresponding terrain parameters of each monitoring area are acquired at several monitoring times within a preset monitoring period. The difference between the terrain parameter corresponding to the minimum temperature parameter and the terrain parameter corresponding to the maximum temperature parameter is calculated, and the difference is determined as the elevation characterization parameter of the monitoring area. If the elevation characterization parameter of the monitored area exceeds the preset elevation characterization parameter threshold, the monitored area will be marked as a feature monitoring area. The terrain parameter is the average elevation value of several monitoring points within the monitoring area.

[0032] Specifically, it can be a number of monitoring times that are evenly distributed, and the monitoring frequency can be once every 10 days.

[0033] Specifically, the preset elevation characterization parameter threshold is the product of the elevation characterization parameter reference value and the elevation factor. The elevation characterization parameter reference value is the average value of the elevation characterization parameter under the same working conditions in historical data. The elevation factor can be set by those skilled in the art according to the accuracy requirements of environmental remediation. The higher the accuracy requirement, the smaller the value should be. The value range can be [1.1, 1.2], preferably 1.15.

[0034] Specifically, this invention determines elevation characterization parameters based on temperature and topographic parameters of the monitoring area to mark characteristic monitoring areas. It can be understood that using drones to scan large-scale, topographically complex mining areas acquires continuous spatial data, improving the efficiency and coverage of initial risk screening. Through coupled analysis of temperature and topographic parameters, utilizing their inherent correlation, it characterizes the potential instability of the terrain driven by temperature cycle changes, accurately locating areas of microenvironmental anomalies, and shifting the risk warning point forward. This provides a scientific basis and spatial guidance for subsequent initiation of more precise targeted monitoring, enabling limited exploration resources to be more accurately deployed to high-risk areas. This optimizes the economy and effectiveness of the overall restoration project, achieving early, rapid, and low-cost screening of freeze-thaw risk areas in abandoned mines. It overcomes the shortcomings of traditional manual exploration, such as narrow coverage, low efficiency, and insensitivity to hidden risks. Furthermore, it enables rapid identification of characteristic monitoring areas with freeze-thaw phenomena, improving the reliability of ecological environment restoration in abandoned mines.

[0035] Specifically, it is understandable that the repeated freezing and thawing of water in the pores and fissures of rock and soil generates significant frost heave stress, leading to fatigue damage, strength deterioration, and crack expansion in the rock mass structure. This weakens the mechanical integrity of slopes, reduces the shear strength of potential sliding surfaces, and easily induces shallow instability such as landslides and mudflows. In abandoned mines, where the rock mass is already fractured and the terrain is steep due to human excavation, the coupling of freeze-thaw action with these inherent defects creates a compounding effect, making the geological instability of such areas develop faster, the failure modes more complex, and the disaster risk far higher than in non-freeze-thaw areas. Marking and focusing on these areas is a key scientific prerequisite for identifying extremely high-risk points in mines, achieving early warning of disasters, and developing targeted remediation strategies. In areas where freeze-thaw phenomena exist... Repeated phase changes of moisture, including freezing expansion and thawing contraction, lead to uneven vertical displacement of the land surface. During the winter freezing period, areas with high moisture content or poor insulation, such as low-lying, shady slopes, experience more intense frost heave, potentially leading to localized relative uplift. During the summer thawing period, these areas may experience significant subsidence due to ice melting and soil structure damage. This results in areas experiencing freeze-thaw cycles exhibiting significantly greater micro-topographic elevation differences at extreme temperature points compared to thermally stable areas without freeze-thaw activity. The minimum temperature parameter corresponds to the maximum freezing deformation within the preset monitoring period, while the maximum temperature parameter reflects the morphology after maximum thawing subsidence. The elevation parameter quantifies the spatial activity of vertical surface deformation caused by frost heave and thawing subsidence within the preset monitoring period. A larger elevation parameter indicates a more drastic response of the micro-topography to temperature cycles within the monitoring area, suggesting a higher likelihood of freeze-thaw phenomena. This enables rapid identification of characteristic monitoring areas exhibiting freeze-thaw phenomena, improving the reliability of ecological restoration in abandoned mines.

[0036] Please see Figure 2 As shown, it is a flowchart of the logic for determining whether there is a deformation risk in the feature monitoring area according to an embodiment of the present invention. The process of determining whether there is a deformation risk in the feature monitoring area includes, If the number of surface texture contours within the feature monitoring area exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined that the feature monitoring area is at risk of deformation. If the number of surface texture contours within the feature monitoring area does not exceed a preset threshold, then it is determined that there is no risk of deformation in the feature monitoring area.

[0037] Specifically, the preset quantity threshold is the product of the quantity reference value and the quantity factor. The quantity reference value is the average number of quantities with deformation risk under the same working conditions in historical data. The quantity factor can be set by those skilled in the art according to the accuracy requirements of environmental remediation. The higher the accuracy requirement, the smaller the value should be. The value range can be [1.1, 1.2], and preferably, it can be 1.15.

[0038] Specifically, this invention, based on several surface texture contours in surface images, determines whether a feature monitoring area has a deformation risk. It is understood that in areas with deformation risks such as freeze-thaw cycles or subsidence, internal stress adjustments and displacements will form texture contours on the surface in two main ways: firstly, by directly generating new cracks such as tensile and shear cracks; and secondly, by exacerbating the expansion, connection, and branching of existing gullies or fissures. The quantity density of texture contours within a region is a direct surface indicator of the activity level of its internal geomechanical processes. When the number of texture contours in a feature monitoring area is large, it indicates that the surface deformation in that area is severe, requiring timely further identification and analysis to optimize environmental remediation strategies. By rapidly capturing and quantifying microscopic deformation signs, hidden and scattered precursors of geological instability are transformed into identifiable early warning signals, allowing limited resources to be more accurately allocated to areas of greater need. This, in turn, enables the determination of regional deformation risks and improves the reliability of ecological environment restoration in abandoned mines.

[0039] Specifically, the process of performing homology trend analysis on each deformation trend characterization vector includes, Obtain several deformation trend representation vectors within the feature monitoring area; Calculate the mean angle between the vectors representing each deformation tendency, and determine the mean angle between the vectors as the similarity tendency parameter; Calculate the shortest distance between each deformation tendency characterization vector and the remaining deformation tendency characterization vectors, and determine the mean of the shortest distance as the homogeneous characterization parameter.

[0040] Understandably, surface texture contours represent surface patterns such as surface cracks and surface runoff. Since surface cracks or surface runoff may contain minute split lines, in practice, only the main diameter that has the main impact is considered. Therefore, when capturing surface texture contours, only texture contours with a texture diameter greater than a predetermined threshold are considered to eliminate the influence of split lines. The predetermined threshold can be set based on the average of several historical experimental data.

[0041] In particular, for surface cracks with branches, they need to be segmented. The segmentation nodes are the nodes corresponding to the branches of the surface cracks, so as to obtain several independent surface cracks with relatively concentrated directions, and then the surface texture outlines corresponding to each surface crack.

[0042] Specifically, the deformation tendency characterization vector is constructed with one endpoint of the surface texture contour as the vector starting point and the other endpoint as the vector ending point. In the calculation of the similarity tendency parameter, an acute angle is taken for calculation.

[0043] It is understandable that the shortest distance between two vectors refers to the shortest distance between a point on one vector and a point on another vector.

[0044] Please see Figure 3 As shown, it is a logical flowchart of determining the land parcel trend category in a feature monitoring area according to an embodiment of the present invention. The process of determining the land parcel trend category in the feature monitoring area includes, If the similarity tendency parameter and the homology characterization parameter of the feature monitoring area meet the first land parcel trend condition, then the feature monitoring area is determined to be the first land parcel trend category; If the similarity tendency parameter and the homology characterization parameter of the feature monitoring area do not meet the first land parcel trend condition, then the feature monitoring area is determined to be the second land parcel trend category; The first land parcel's orientation condition is that the similarity tendency parameter exceeds a preset similarity tendency parameter threshold, and the homogeneity characterization parameter does not exceed a preset homogeneity characterization parameter threshold.

[0045] Specifically, the preset similarity tendency parameter threshold is the product of the similarity tendency parameter reference value and the similarity factor, and the preset homology representation parameter threshold is the product of the homology representation parameter reference value and the homology factor. The similarity tendency parameter reference value and the homology representation parameter reference value are the mean of the similarity tendency parameter and the mean of the homology representation parameter under the same working conditions in historical data, respectively. The similarity factor and the homology factor can be calculated by those skilled in the art based on the mean of historical experimental data. The similarity factor can take a value range of [1.05, 1.15], preferably 1.1, and the homology factor can take a value range of [1.03, 1.13], preferably 1.1.

[0046] Specifically, this invention performs homogeneous trend analysis on various deformation trend characterization vectors to determine the land parcel trend category of the feature monitoring area. It is understood that different instability forces will leave different geometric features on the surface. By quantifying the directional consistency and spatial clustering of these features, the dominant mechanism of each land parcel region can be analyzed. The similarity tendency parameter, i.e., the dispersion of the surface texture direction, is crucial. For water-dominated areas, the surface texture is mainly composed of runoff erosion, gullies, or mudflow traces. These traces are complex networks formed by fluids flowing, cutting down, and branching along the surface under gravity. Their flow paths are controlled by micro-topography, resulting in variable directions and relatively chaotic vector directions for deformation trend characterization vectors, with a large similarity tendency parameter. For structure-dominated areas, the surface texture is mainly composed of tensile cracks, shear cracks, etc. The development of these cracks is influenced by the internal structure of the rock mass. Stress fields or inherent structural surfaces such as joints and bedding planes often exhibit a relatively ordered, parallel structure. The vector directions of deformation tendency characterization vectors are relatively consistent, and the similarity tendency parameter is small. The homogeneous characterization parameter is the spatial distribution density of surface texture. In water-dominated areas, in order to effectively collect water flow, the surface texture contours need to be interconnected and interwoven to form a dense and close network. Therefore, the spatial distance between deformation tendency characterization vectors is small, i.e., the homogeneous characterization parameter is small. In structure-dominated areas, cracks may develop along equally spaced weak surfaces or be sparsely distributed. Their spatial distribution may be relatively discrete. Therefore, the average distance between deformation tendency characterization vectors is large, i.e., the homogeneous characterization parameter is large. Thus, the determination of the land parcel tendency category in the characteristic monitoring area is realized, improving the reliability of ecological environment restoration of abandoned mines.

[0047] Please see Figure 4 As shown, it is a logical flowchart of determining the optimization strategy for environmental remediation according to an embodiment of the present invention. The process of determining the optimization strategy for environmental remediation includes, If the feature monitoring area is the first plot of land, then the layout direction and depth increase of the underground drainage blind ditch are determined based on the feature direction and the elevation characterization parameters. If the feature monitoring area belongs to the second land parcel trend category, the increase in grouting hole depth and the decrease in hole spacing are determined based on the instability trend parameter and the homogeneous characterization parameter.

[0048] Specifically, the process of determining the feature direction based on the component vectors of several deformation tendency characterization vectors includes, The deformation trend characterization vectors within the feature monitoring area are orthogonally decomposed, and the sub-vectors obtained from the orthogonal decomposition of each deformation trend characterization vector are labeled as the first sub-vector and the second sub-vector, respectively. Calculate the mean magnitude of the first component vector and the mean magnitude of the second component vector respectively; The direction corresponding to the maximum value between the average magnitude of the first component vector and the average magnitude of the second component vector is determined as the feature direction.

[0049] In practice, the reference coordinate system is constructed in a consistent manner when determining vectors. The horizontal axis vector can be constructed perpendicular to the bottom of the ground image, and the vertical axis vector can be constructed perpendicular to the horizontal axis vector to form the reference coordinate system. This will not be elaborated further.

[0050] Specifically, the process of determining the layout direction and depth increase of underground drainage blind ditches includes, The underground drainage blind ditch is laid out in a direction perpendicular to the aforementioned characteristic direction; The increase in depth is positively correlated with the elevation characterization parameter.

[0051] Specifically, the increase in depth of the underground drainage blind ditch is calculated as the elevation characterization parameter / reference value of the elevation characterization parameter × drainage factor. The drainage factor can be calculated by those skilled in the art based on the average value of historical data under the same working conditions, and the value range can be [0.05, 0.15] to avoid the adjustment being too large or too small. Preferably, it can be 0.1.

[0052] Specifically, under the condition of the first plot orientation category, the embodiments of the present invention determine the layout direction and depth increase of underground drainage blind ditches based on characteristic directions and elevation characterization parameters. It can be understood that by determining the characteristic direction through orthogonal decomposition and modulus mean calculation, the dominant direction of the surface runoff network or dominant erosion path is identified, ensuring that the drainage blind ditches can be laid out in the most effective direction to intercept groundwater runoff and maximize their effectiveness in cutting off groundwater runoff or reducing local water head. This overcomes the blindness of traditional experience-based layout and establishes a positive correlation between the depth increase and elevation characterization parameters. For high-risk areas with severe freeze-thaw deformation and more serious potential water hazards, a greater design depth is given to ensure that the drainage blind ditches can act on deeper potential slip surfaces or saturated zones, fundamentally eliminating the threat of instability. In lower-risk areas, a shallower depth is used to avoid waste caused by excessive engineering and achieve the optimal balance between safety and economy. In turn, it realizes the adaptive determination of environmental remediation optimization strategies based on the actual deformation characteristics of the area, improving the reliability of ecological environment restoration of abandoned mines.

[0053] Specifically, it can be understood that in areas where instability is dominated by surface or groundwater activity, surface textures such as gullies and erosion marks are direct manifestations of historical and existing water flow paths. By orthogonally decomposing these deformation trend vectors and calculating the mean magnitude of the component vectors, and performing principal component analysis of all water flow path directions within the region, the direction with the largest mean magnitude represents the dominant direction where water flow energy release or material transport is most concentrated—that is, the main axis of hydrodynamic action. Drainage blind ditches laid perpendicular to this main axis can intercept groundwater flowing or transporting along this main axis direction with the shortest engineering length and the most perpendicular angle, thereby most effectively reducing the water level or pore water pressure upstream of the blind ditch. To stabilize the slope, elevation parameters can characterize the activity of the freeze-thaw process and the intensity of surface deformation. The larger the elevation parameter, the greater the vertical deformation caused by water phase change in the area during the temperature cycle, the more severe the soil structure disturbance, and the larger the scale of water migration and accumulation. In geotechnical engineering, the depth of drainage blind ditches is the core parameter that determines the scope and effect of their drainage influence. The larger the elevation parameter, the deeper the blind ditches are needed to ensure that drainage measures can effectively reach deeper disturbance zones or potential sliding surfaces to achieve deep drainage. In turn, it enables the adaptive determination of optimized environmental remediation strategies based on the actual deformation characteristics of the area, thereby improving the reliability of ecological environment restoration of abandoned mines.

[0054] Specifically, the process of determining the increase in grouting hole depth and the decrease in hole spacing includes, Calculate the mean magnitude of the deformation tendency characterization vector within the feature monitoring area, and determine the mean magnitude as the instability tendency parameter; The increase in grouting hole depth is positively correlated with the instability tendency parameter. The reduction in aperture spacing is negatively correlated with the homologous characterization parameters.

[0055] Specifically, the increase in grouting hole depth is calculated as the ratio of the instability tendency parameter / the reference value of the instability tendency parameter × the depth factor. The decrease in hole spacing is calculated as the ratio of the reference value of the homologous characterization parameter / the homologous characterization parameter × the hole spacing factor. The reference value of the instability tendency parameter is the average value of the instability tendency parameter under the same working conditions in historical data. The depth factor and the hole spacing factor can be calculated by those skilled in the art based on the average value of historical data under the same working conditions. The depth factor can be in the range of [0.05, 0.15], and the hole spacing factor can be in the range of [0.02, 0.1] to avoid excessive or insufficient adjustment. Preferably, the depth factor can be 0.1 and the hole spacing factor can be 0.05.

[0056] Specifically, under the second site trend category, this embodiment of the invention determines the increase in grouting hole depth and the decrease in hole spacing based on instability trend parameters and homogeneous characterization parameters. It can be understood that by establishing a positive correlation between depth and instability trend parameters, deeper grouting holes are used in areas with deeper and longer fractures, allowing grout to be effectively injected into the deep part of the potential fracture surface, forming a reliable reinforced anchoring section. By establishing a negative correlation between hole spacing and homogeneous characterization parameters, adaptive adjustment of the grouting hole network density is achieved. In areas with dense fractures and severely fractured rock masses, the hole spacing is automatically reduced to ensure that reinforced bodies such as concretions can effectively cross-link into a network, forming a complete reinforced curtain and preventing fracture propagation and block separation. In areas with relatively sparse fractures, a larger spacing is used to avoid unnecessary engineering waste, maximizing the reinforcement effect within a limited cost. Furthermore, this achieves the adaptive determination of an optimized environmental remediation strategy based on the actual deformation characteristics of the area, improving the reliability of ecological environment restoration in abandoned mines.

[0057] Specifically, it can be understood that the characteristic monitoring area of ​​the second land parcel's trend category is the structurally dominant area. The instability trend parameters in this area reflect the statistical characterization of the average length of the dominant surface cracks within the area. The length of the crack is an important indicator of its downward extension depth and scale. A long and continuous surface crack often means that there is a corresponding fracture surface or weak zone at its depth, and its influence depth is greater. Grouting reinforcement can fill and cement these fracture surfaces with grout, restoring the integrity of the rock and soil mass. The grouting hole depth must be sufficient to penetrate these potential discontinuities. The larger the instability trend parameter, the greater the design depth is required to ensure that the grout effectively seals the deeper fracture channels, achieving anchoring and reinforcement of the deep rock mass, thereby fundamentally addressing the instability risk controlled by deep structural surfaces. The same source characterization parameters can... The average distance between surface cracks reflects the spatial frequency of rock mass fracturing. In grouting projects, the hole spacing determines whether the reinforcement units formed by adjacent grout bodies can be effectively connected. When cracks are dense, i.e., the same origin characterization parameter value is small, the rock mass is cut into small fragments with poor stability. Smaller grout hole spacing is required to allow the grout diffusion range to overlap and form a continuous and complete reinforcement body, re-bonding the small fragments into a whole. This dynamically optimizes the density of the grouting network, making it precisely match the actual degree of rock mass fracturing. Under the premise of ensuring full coverage of reinforcement effect, the optimal configuration of materials and engineering volume is achieved. Furthermore, it enables the adaptive determination of environmental remediation optimization strategies based on the actual deformation characteristics of the area, improving the reliability of ecological environment restoration of abandoned mines.

[0058] This invention also provides an ecological environment restoration system for abandoned mines, comprising: The feature acquisition module is used to acquire several temperature parameters, terrain parameters, and surface images of each monitoring area within a preset monitoring period; Specifically, the structure of the feature acquisition module is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present invention. Preferably, it can be a drone equipped with a lidar device and a temperature detection device, which will not be described in detail here.

[0059] A plot marking module, which is connected to the feature acquisition module, is used to determine elevation characterization parameters based on the temperature parameters and topographic parameters of the monitoring area to mark the feature monitoring area; Specifically, the structure of the land parcel marking module is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present invention. Preferably, it can be a microprocessor used to mark the feature monitoring area, which will not be elaborated further.

[0060] The feature recognition module is connected to the feature acquisition module and the land parcel marking module respectively, and is used to identify several surface texture contours in the surface image to determine whether there is a deformation risk in the feature monitoring area, and to construct a deformation trend representation vector based on the surface texture contours. Specifically, the structure of the feature recognition module is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present invention. Preferably, it can be a microprocessor to recognize the surface texture contour and construct a deformation trend representation vector, which will not be elaborated further.

[0061] A feature analysis module, which is connected to the feature recognition module, is used to perform homogeneous trend analysis on each deformation trend characterization vector to determine the land parcel trend category of the feature monitoring area; Specifically, the embodiments of the present invention do not specifically limit the structure of the feature analysis module. Preferably, it can be a processor used in a computer to determine the land parcel trend category, which will not be elaborated further.

[0062] An optimization strategy generation module, which is connected to the feature analysis module, is used to determine the environmental remediation optimization strategy based on the land parcel trend category, which is to determine the layout direction and depth increase of underground drainage blind ditches based on feature direction and the elevation characterization parameters. The increase in grouting hole depth and the decrease in hole spacing are determined based on the instability tendency parameter and the homogeneity characterization parameter.

[0063] Specifically, the embodiments of the present invention do not impose specific limitations on the structure of the optimization strategy generation module. Preferably, it can be a microprocessor used to determine the optimization strategy for environmental remediation, which will not be elaborated further.

[0064] The technical solution of the present invention has been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0065] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for ecological environment restoration of abandoned mine, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: dividing a mine area to be repaired into a plurality of monitoring areas, and obtaining a plurality of temperature parameters and terrain parameters of each monitoring area in a preset monitoring period by an unmanned aerial vehicle carrying a monitoring device; determining an elevation representation parameter based on the temperature parameters and the terrain parameters of the monitoring areas to mark a characteristic monitoring area; obtaining a ground surface image of each characteristic monitoring area, identifying a plurality of ground surface texture contours in the ground surface image, and determining whether the characteristic monitoring area has a deformation risk, and in response to the presence of the deformation risk, constructing a deformation trend representation vector based on the ground surface texture contours; performing homologous trend analysis on each deformation trend representation vector to determine a similar trend parameter and a homologous representation parameter, and determining a block trend category of the characteristic monitoring area based on the similar trend parameter and the homologous representation parameter; determining an optimization strategy for environmental repair according to the block trend category, which comprises determining a layout direction and a depth increase range of an underground drainage blind ditch based on a characteristic direction and the elevation representation parameter, wherein the characteristic direction is determined according to a plurality of deformation trend representation vector direction vectors; determining an increase range of a grouting hole depth and a reduction range of an inter-hole spacing based on an instability trend parameter and the homologous representation parameter, wherein the instability trend parameter is determined according to a plurality of deformation trend representation vectors.

2. The method for ecological environment restoration of abandoned mine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of marking a characteristic monitoring area comprises the following steps: obtaining the temperature parameters and the corresponding terrain parameters of each monitoring area at a plurality of monitoring time points in a preset monitoring period; calculating a difference value between a terrain parameter corresponding to a minimum temperature parameter and a terrain parameter corresponding to a maximum temperature parameter, and determining the difference value as an elevation representation parameter of the monitoring area; if the elevation representation parameter of the monitoring area exceeds a preset elevation representation parameter threshold, marking the monitoring area as a characteristic monitoring area. The terrain parameter is an average value of a plurality of monitoring point elevations in the monitoring area.

3. The method for ecological environment restoration of abandoned mine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The process of determining whether the characteristic monitoring area has a deformation risk comprises the following steps: if the number of ground surface texture contours in the characteristic monitoring area exceeds a preset number threshold, determining that the characteristic monitoring area has a deformation risk.

4. The method for ecological environment restoration of abandoned mine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process of performing homologous trend analysis on each deformation trend representation vector comprises the following steps: obtaining a plurality of deformation trend representation vectors in the characteristic monitoring area; calculating a vector angle average of each deformation trend representation vector, and determining the vector angle average as the similar trend parameter; calculating a shortest distance between each deformation trend representation vector and a remaining deformation trend representation vector, and determining a shortest distance average as the homologous representation parameter.

5. The method for ecological environment restoration of abandoned mine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The process of determining the block trend category of the characteristic monitoring area comprises the following steps: if the similar trend parameter and the homologous representation parameter of the characteristic monitoring area meet a first block trend condition, determining that the characteristic monitoring area is of a first block trend category; if the similar trend parameter and the homologous representation parameter of the characteristic monitoring area do not meet the first block trend condition, determining that the characteristic monitoring area is of a second block trend category; The first block trend condition is that the similar trend parameter exceeds a preset similar trend parameter threshold, and the homologous representation parameter does not exceed a preset homologous representation parameter threshold.

6. The method for ecological environment restoration of abandoned mine according to claim 5, characterized in that, The process of determining the optimization strategy for environmental repair comprises the following steps: If the feature monitoring area is the first land mass trend category, a layout direction and a depth increase range of the underground drainage blind ditch are determined based on a feature direction and the elevation representation parameter; If the feature monitoring area is the second land mass trend category, an increase range of the grouting hole depth and a reduction range of the hole spacing are determined based on a failure trend parameter and the homologous representation parameter.

7. The method for ecological environment restoration of abandoned mine according to claim 6, characterized in that, The process of determining the feature direction based on the sub-vectors of the deformation trend representation vectors comprises, performing orthogonal decomposition on the deformation trend representation vectors in the feature monitoring area, and marking the sub-vectors obtained by the orthogonal decomposition of each deformation trend representation vector as a first sub-vector and a second sub-vector respectively; calculating a first sub-vector module length average and a second sub-vector module length average respectively; determining the direction corresponding to the maximum of the first sub-vector module length average and the second sub-vector module length average as the feature direction.

8. The method for ecological environment restoration of abandoned mine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The process of determining the layout direction and the depth increase range of the underground drainage blind ditch comprises, the layout direction of the underground drainage blind ditch is arranged along a direction perpendicular to the feature direction; the depth increase range is in a positive correlation with the elevation representation parameter.

9. The method for ecological environment restoration of abandoned mine according to claim 8, characterized in that, The process of determining the increase range of the grouting hole depth and the reduction range of the hole spacing comprises, calculating a module length average of the deformation trend representation vectors in the feature monitoring area, and determining the module length average as the failure trend parameter; the increase range of the grouting hole depth is in a positive correlation with the failure trend parameter; the reduction range of the hole spacing is in a negative correlation with the homologous representation parameter.

10. A system for ecological environment restoration of abandoned mine for performing the method of ecological environment restoration of abandoned mine according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, It comprises: a feature acquisition module configured to acquire a plurality of temperature parameters, terrain parameters, and surface images of each monitoring area in a preset monitoring period; a land mass marking module connected with the feature acquisition module, configured to determine an elevation representation parameter based on the temperature parameters and the terrain parameters of the monitoring area to mark a feature monitoring area; a feature recognition module connected with the feature acquisition module and the land mass marking module respectively, configured to recognize a plurality of surface texture contours in the surface images to determine whether the feature monitoring area has a deformation risk, and to construct a deformation trend representation vector based on the surface texture contours; a feature analysis module connected with the feature recognition module, configured to perform homologous trend analysis on each deformation trend representation vector to determine a land mass trend category of the feature monitoring area; an optimization strategy generation module connected with the feature analysis module, configured to determine an optimization strategy of environmental remediation according to the land mass trend category, i.e., to determine a layout direction and a depth increase range of the underground drainage blind ditch based on a feature direction and the elevation representation parameter; to determine an increase range of the grouting hole depth and a reduction range of the hole spacing based on a failure trend parameter and the homologous representation parameter.

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