Electronic paper self-adaptive to low temperature and driving method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electronic paper display, in particular to self-adaptive low-temperature electronic paper and a driving method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, measuring current data of the electronic paper in a heating starting process, establishing a mapping relation between a temperature interval and the current data, determining actual current data of each region based on the mapping relation during heating starting, and calculating a deviation difference value to calibrate the region. And further analyzing the relative position relationship of the calibrated region to determine the intensity, thereby deciding to carry out global intervention or local intervention. Meanwhile, the drift mapping relation of the time domain response curves of the temperature and the current is monitored so as to judge the drift trend of the region and decide whether to intervene or not. By capturing the actual voltage waveform of each area after the driving voltage is applied in the intervention process in real time, calculating the slope difference of the actual voltage waveform and determining the optimal interval of the intervention parameter, the transient display ghosting is inhibited, and the instant display reliability and the overall energy efficiency of the system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electronic paper display technology, and in particular to an adaptive low-temperature electronic paper and its driving method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of display technology, electronic paper, due to its superior static display effect and extremely low power consumption, has been widely used not only in smart retail, electronic tags, and wearable devices, but also in scenarios with stringent environmental adaptability requirements, such as outdoor information screens, automotive displays, and low-temperature logistics management. Therefore, ensuring the display reliability, refresh rate, and energy efficiency of electronic paper across a wide temperature range, especially in low-temperature environments, has become an indispensable part of expanding its application boundaries and improving the end-user experience.

[0003] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN109599067A discloses a method for debugging electronic paper in a low-temperature environment. The method includes a voltage balance zone, a flicker zone, and a display zone, comprising the following steps: Step 1: In the voltage balance zone, a voltage opposite in polarity to the charged particles' inherent voltage is applied to neutralize the voltage. Step 2: In the flicker zone, a high driving voltage is applied to the charged particles, followed by a low driving voltage, while simultaneously providing a VCOM voltage. The VCOM voltage is first applied at a low voltage and then at a high voltage, and this cycle repeats multiple times under the VCOM voltage environment. Step 3: In the white waveform of the display zone, a low driving voltage is applied, then amplified and driven by the VCOM voltage, which is first applied at a low voltage and then at a high voltage. Step 4: The frame count of black and red charged particles in the display zone is adjusted until the desired display effect is achieved. This invention, by applying an external VCOM voltage and ensuring the flicker ends in white, makes the entire white background of the electronic paper invisible of black spots.

[0004] However, the following problems still exist in the existing technology. During the heating start-up process of adaptive low-temperature electronic paper, there is a thermal relaxation hysteresis between the macroscopic temperature response and the stable equilibrium of the microscopic fluid dynamics state. This may lead to incomplete migration of charged particles and the generation of transient display ghosting, thereby reducing the real-time display reliability, user interaction experience and overall efficiency of adaptive control of the system under dynamic temperature change environment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address this, the present invention provides an adaptive low-temperature electronic paper and its driving method, which overcomes the problem in the prior art where there is a thermal relaxation hysteresis between the macroscopic temperature response and the microscopic fluid dynamic state reaching a stable equilibrium during the heating start-up process of adaptive low-temperature electronic paper. This hysteresis may lead to incomplete migration of charged particles and the generation of transient display ghosting, thereby reducing the real-time display reliability, user interaction experience and overall performance of adaptive control of the system under dynamic temperature change environment.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, in one aspect, the present invention provides an adaptive low-temperature electronic paper driving method, which includes, Step S1: Pre-measure the current data during the heating start-up process of the target electronic paper and establish a mapping relationship between the temperature range of the target electronic paper and the current data; Step S2: In response to the target electronic paper heating start, during the heating observation period, the actual current data of each region corresponding to different temperature ranges is determined based on the mapping relationship, so as to determine the deviation difference value of each region and calibrate each region; Step S3 involves analyzing each calibrated region, including... Analyze the relative positional relationships between different regions to determine the density, and then determine whether to conduct global or local intervention based on the density. The drift mapping relationship between the temperature time-domain response curve and the current time-domain response curve is monitored to determine the drift trend of each region, and the intervention is determined based on the drift trend. Step S4: Capture the actual voltage waveform of each region after the driving voltage is applied during the intervention process in real time, and determine the optimal range of the intervention parameters corresponding to the intervention based on the slope differences of several actual voltage waveforms. The intervention includes adjusting the voltage and adjusting the heating power, and the intervention parameters include the voltage amplitude, heating power, and heating duration.

[0007] Furthermore, the process of determining the deviation difference value of each region includes, For each region, the average difference ratio between the actual current data and the current data within the mapping relationship in different temperature ranges is calculated and determined as the deviation difference value of the region.

[0008] Furthermore, the process of calibrating each region includes, If the deviation difference value is greater than or equal to a preset deviation difference threshold, it is marked as a mismatch vulnerable area; If the deviation difference value is less than the preset deviation difference threshold, it is marked as a matching region.

[0009] Furthermore, the process of analyzing each calibrated region includes, If a region is identified as a mismatch-vulnerable region, the relative positional relationship between each region is analyzed to determine the density, and global or local intervention is performed based on the density determination. If the region is calibrated as a matching region, the drift mapping relationship of the temperature time-domain response curve and the current time-domain response curve is monitored to determine the drift trend of each region, and whether to intervene is determined based on the drift trend.

[0010] Furthermore, the process of determining the density and performing global or local intervention based on the density determination includes, Determine the average distance between each of the aforementioned mismatched vulnerable regions, and define it as the density; If the density is greater than or equal to a preset density threshold, then global intervention is performed; If the density is less than a preset density threshold, local intervention will be performed.

[0011] Furthermore, the process of monitoring the drift mapping relationship between the temperature time-domain response curve and the current time-domain response curve includes, A current response-temperature curve is constructed with temperature as the horizontal axis and the ratio of actual current data to current data in the corresponding temperature range within the mapping relationship as the vertical axis. The slope of the change in the current response ratio to the temperature curve is determined and identified as a drift mapping relationship.

[0012] Furthermore, the process of determining the drift trend of each region includes, If the drift mapping relationship is within a preset drift range, then the drift trend of the region is determined to be a normal trend; If the drift mapping relationship is not within the preset drift range, then the drift trend of the region is determined to be an abnormal trend.

[0013] Furthermore, the process of determining whether to intervene based on the drift trend includes, If the drift trend in the region is normal, no intervention will be taken; If the drift trend in the region is abnormal, intervention will be carried out.

[0014] Furthermore, the process of determining the optimal range of intervention parameters based on the slope differences of several actual voltage waveforms includes, Determine the average slope of the actual voltage waveform within a predetermined time period during the intervention process; The slope difference is defined as the difference between the mean slope and the preset standard slope. If the slope difference is less than a preset slope difference threshold, then the current value boundary of the intervention parameter is determined, and the optimal interval is determined based on the value boundary.

[0015] On the other hand, the present invention provides an adaptive low-temperature electronic paper, comprising: The stacked structure includes an electronic paper substrate, an electronic paper film layer, an optically transparent adhesive layer, and a transparent conductive film layer that are stacked sequentially. The temperature sensing module is deployed in the non-display area of ​​the target electronic paper to collect ambient temperature data in real time; A control module, connected to the temperature sensing module and the transparent conductive film layer, is used to receive the temperature data and control the voltage and heating power of the transparent conductive film layer. The transparent conductive film layer is an electrically conductive heating layer with low resistance characteristics.

[0016] Compared to existing technologies, this invention first establishes a mapping relationship between temperature ranges and current data by measuring the current data of the electronic paper during the heating start-up process. During heating start-up, the actual current data of each region is determined based on this mapping relationship, and the deviation difference value is calculated to calibrate the region. For the calibrated region, its relative positional relationship is further analyzed to determine its density, thereby deciding whether to perform global or local intervention. Simultaneously, the drift mapping relationship of the time-domain response curves of temperature and current is monitored to determine the drift trend of the region and decide whether to intervene. By capturing the actual voltage waveform of each region after applying the driving voltage in real time during the intervention process, the slope difference is calculated to determine the optimal range of intervention parameters, thereby suppressing transient display ghosting and improving the real-time display reliability and overall energy efficiency of the system.

[0017] In particular, this invention determines the deviation difference value of each region by determining the actual current data of each region corresponding to different temperature ranges based on the mapping relationship during the heating observation period, thereby calibrating each region. During the low-temperature start-up process, the viscosity distribution of the electrophoretic liquid in the electronic paper display layer is not completely uniform. This microscopic non-uniformity leads to differences in the migration ability and response speed of charged particles in different regions under the same macroscopic heating conditions, which is the microscopic cause of thermal relaxation hysteresis. Traditional single temperature monitoring can only reflect the macroscopic heat input and cannot directly reveal this microscopic state difference that determines the final display performance. As a direct electrical characterization of the migration motion of charged particles, the magnitude and dynamic characteristics of the driving current are extremely sensitive to the local viscosity of the electrophoretic liquid and the particle migration resistance. Therefore, by establishing a mapping relationship between temperature ranges and standard current data as a benchmark, and monitoring the deviation difference value of the current in each zone from this benchmark in real time during the actual heating process, it is essentially quantitatively measuring the degree of deviation of the microscopic hydrodynamic state of each region from the ideal state. This suppresses transient display ghosting and improves the real-time display reliability and overall energy efficiency of the system.

[0018] In particular, this invention determines the density by analyzing the relative positional relationships between different regions. Based on the density, it determines whether to intervene globally or locally. It monitors the drift mapping relationship of the temperature time-domain response curve and the current time-domain response curve to determine the drift trend of each region, and then determines whether to intervene based on the drift trend. Due to the spatial heterogeneity of materials, processes, and heat dissipation conditions, the distribution of mismatched vulnerable regions formed within them on the panel exhibits both randomness and clustering. Applying equal intervention to all regions, while ensuring overall display, will lead to unnecessary over-intervention in a large number of matching regions, causing problems such as local overheating, accelerated aging, and energy waste. Conversely, if only conservative local intervention is applied uniformly, when the number and spatial distribution of mismatched vulnerable regions on the panel caused by uneven materials, processes, or heat dissipation exceed a certain critical state, the essence of the problem has escalated from a collection of discrete defects to a systemic regional dysfunction. At this point, continuing to use local intervention is not only ineffective but may even cause persistent, macroscopically visible transient and steady-state display afterimages. On the other hand, simply ignoring well-matched regions also carries risks. Because the thermodynamic state at low temperatures is dynamically evolving, a currently matched region may gradually drift out of its stable range due to continuous heat generation, ambient temperature fluctuations, or slow changes in material properties. Therefore, this invention quantifies the dynamic trend of the region's response characteristics with temperature by constructing a current-response-temperature curve and extracting its slope as a drift mapping relationship. If the slope remains stable within a preset normal range, it indicates that the state evolution is controllable; if the slope deviates from the normal range, it suggests that the region may be undergoing a sudden change in its microstate. In this case, a trend-based, conditionally intervened strategy enables the system to possess preliminary assessment and preventative maintenance capabilities, thereby improving the system's real-time display reliability and overall energy efficiency.

[0019] In particular, this invention captures the actual voltage waveforms of each region after the application of the driving voltage during the intervention process in real time, and determines the optimal range of intervention parameters based on the slope differences of several of these actual voltage waveforms. Since the rising or falling slope of the voltage waveform, especially during its driving phase, is a direct electrical manifestation of the migration rate of charged particles under the influence of an electric field, a steep slope indicates rapid particle response and fast display switching; a gentle slope indicates hindered particle migration, easily leading to switching delays and ghosting. Under complex conditions of low temperature and non-uniformity, even with the aforementioned intervention parameters applied, the actual response speed of pixels in different regions, and even within the same region, may still differ due to uncontrollable factors such as material tolerances and subtle differences in local thermal fields. This inconsistency is the direct microscopic cause of macroscopically visible transient display ghosting and uneven brightness. Therefore, determining the optimal range of intervention parameters based on the slope differences of the actual voltage waveform essentially shifts the control target from indirect process parameters to the final display performance indicator, namely, response uniformity. This method quantifies the degree of difference by determining the average slope of the actual voltage waveform within a predetermined time period during the intervention process and defining the average slope as the slope difference compared to a preset standard slope. When the slope difference is less than a preset threshold, it indicates that the pixel response of the entire screen or target area has reached a high degree of synchronization under the current intervention parameters, resulting in optimal display uniformity. The parameter combination at this point is considered effective. By collecting effective parameter combinations, the system can statistically summarize the optimal range of intervention parameters that stabilizes display performance within the optimal range. This range represents the best balance between eliminating ghosting and system reliability, making it an indispensable core technology for achieving the dual goals of suppressing transient ghosting while improving real-time display reliability and overall energy efficiency, thereby enhancing the system's real-time display reliability and overall energy efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the steps of the adaptive low-temperature driving method according to an embodiment of the invention. Figure 2 A logic block diagram for labeling each region in an embodiment of the invention; Figure 3 This is a logic block diagram illustrating the analysis performed on each calibrated region according to an embodiment of the invention. Figure 4 This is a logic decision diagram for determining the optimal range of intervention parameters corresponding to the intervention in an embodiment of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0022] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the term "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0024] Please see Figure 1 The diagram illustrates the steps of an adaptive low-temperature driving method according to an embodiment of the invention. The adaptive low-temperature electronic paper driving method of the present invention includes: Step S1: Pre-measure the current data during the heating start-up process of the target electronic paper and establish a mapping relationship between the temperature range of the target electronic paper and the current data; Step S2: In response to the target electronic paper heating start, during the heating observation period, the actual current data of each region corresponding to different temperature ranges is determined based on the mapping relationship, so as to determine the deviation difference value of each region and calibrate each region; Step S3 involves analyzing each calibrated region, including... Analyze the relative positional relationships between different regions to determine the density, and then determine whether to conduct global or local intervention based on the density. The drift mapping relationship between the temperature time-domain response curve and the current time-domain response curve is monitored to determine the drift trend of each region, and the intervention is determined based on the drift trend. Step S4: Capture the actual voltage waveform of each region after the driving voltage is applied during the intervention process in real time, and determine the optimal range of the intervention parameters corresponding to the intervention based on the slope differences of several actual voltage waveforms. The intervention includes adjusting the voltage and adjusting the heating power, and the intervention parameters include the voltage amplitude, heating power, and heating duration.

[0025] There are no restrictions on the method of measuring the current data during the heating and start-up process of the target electronic paper. It can be directly measured by connecting a high-precision sampling resistor in series in the drive circuit, or indirectly measured by using a non-contact current sensor based on the Hall effect or fluxgate technology. As long as the current data of the target electronic paper in different temperature ranges can be accurately obtained, this will not be elaborated further.

[0026] In practice, when establishing the mapping relationship between the temperature range of the target electronic paper and the current data, the average current data of the target electronic paper when the temperature is in different temperature ranges during the normal startup process is determined in advance by those skilled in the art, and the mapping relationship between the average current data and the temperature range is constructed.

[0027] Specifically, the process of determining the deviation difference value of each region includes, For each region, the average difference ratio between the actual current data and the current data within the mapping relationship in different temperature ranges is calculated and determined as the deviation difference value of the region.

[0028] In implementation, the temperature range is set to ensure discretized sampling and comparison in the temperature dimension. Preferably, the temperature span experienced by the entire heating start-up process, from -20℃ to 25℃, is uniformly divided into a series of continuous and adjacent narrow bands, such as multiple sub-intervals from 0℃ to 5℃ and from 5℃ to 10℃.

[0029] In practice, global intervention involves intervening in all areas of the electronic paper, while local intervention involves intervening only in the corresponding calibrated area of ​​the electronic paper.

[0030] This invention determines the actual current data of each region corresponding to different temperature ranges based on the aforementioned mapping relationship during the heating observation period, thereby identifying the deviation difference value of each region and calibrating each region. During low-temperature startup, the viscosity distribution of the electrophoretic fluid within the electronic paper display layer is not completely uniform. This microscopic non-uniformity leads to differences in the migration ability and response speed of charged particles in different regions under the same macroscopic heating conditions, which is the microscopic cause of thermal relaxation hysteresis. Traditional single-temperature monitoring can only reflect the macroscopic heat input and cannot directly reveal these microscopic state differences that determine the final display performance. The driving current, as a direct electrical characterization of charged particle migration, is extremely sensitive to the local viscosity of the electrophoretic fluid and the particle migration resistance in terms of its magnitude and dynamic characteristics. Therefore, by establishing a mapping relationship between temperature ranges and standard current data as a benchmark, and monitoring the deviation difference value of the current in each zone from this benchmark in real time during actual heating, it essentially quantitatively measures the degree of deviation of the microscopic hydrodynamic state of each region from the ideal state. This suppresses transient display ghosting and improves the real-time display reliability and overall energy efficiency of the system.

[0031] Please see Figure 2 The diagram shown is a logic block diagram for calibrating each region according to an embodiment of the invention. Specifically, the process of calibrating each region includes: If the deviation difference value is greater than or equal to a preset deviation difference threshold, it is marked as a mismatch vulnerable area; If the deviation difference value is less than the preset deviation difference threshold, it is marked as a matching region.

[0032] In implementation, the purpose of the deviation difference threshold is to characterize the significant difference between the regional current response and the reference current response, and to distinguish between normal response regions and mismatched vulnerable regions. The deviation difference threshold is predetermined. Those skilled in the art can calculate the average difference ratio of all regions at different temperature ranges during the heating process by statistically analyzing a large amount of actual operating data, to represent the typical response of a uniform panel under normal conditions. To indicate abnormal conditions, the deviation difference threshold is set to a predetermined multiple of the average value. Typically, the predetermined multiple is selected within the range [1.15, 1.35], and is preferably 1.25 in implementation.

[0033] Please see Figure 3 The diagram shown is a logic block diagram illustrating the analysis of each calibrated region according to an embodiment of the invention. Specifically, the process of analyzing each calibrated region includes: If a region is identified as a mismatch-vulnerable region, the relative positional relationship between each region is analyzed to determine the density, and global or local intervention is performed based on the density determination. If the region is calibrated as a matching region, the drift mapping relationship of the temperature time-domain response curve and the current time-domain response curve is monitored to determine the drift trend of each region, and whether to intervene is determined based on the drift trend.

[0034] This invention analyzes the relative positional relationships between different regions to determine their density. Based on this density, it determines whether to intervene globally or locally. It monitors the drift mapping relationship of the temperature time-domain response curve and the current time-domain response curve to determine the drift trend of each region, and then determines whether intervention is necessary based on this trend. Due to the spatial heterogeneity of materials, processes, and heat dissipation conditions, the distribution of mismatched vulnerable regions formed within them on the panel exhibits both randomness and clustering. Applying equal intervention to all regions, while ensuring overall display, will lead to unnecessary over-intervention in a large number of matched regions, causing problems such as local overheating, accelerated aging, and energy waste. Conversely, if only conservative local intervention is applied uniformly, when the number and spatial distribution of mismatched vulnerable regions caused by uneven materials, processes, or heat dissipation on the panel exceed a certain critical state, the problem has escalated from a collection of discrete defects to a systemic regional dysfunction. At this point, continuing local intervention is not only ineffective but may even cause persistent, macroscopically visible transient and steady-state display afterimages. On the other hand, simply ignoring well-matched regions also carries risks. Because the thermodynamic state at low temperatures is dynamically evolving, a currently matched region may gradually drift out of its stable range due to continuous heat generation, ambient temperature fluctuations, or slow changes in material properties. Therefore, this invention quantifies the dynamic trend of the region's response characteristics with temperature by constructing a current-response-temperature curve and extracting its slope as a drift mapping relationship. If the slope remains stable within a preset normal range, it indicates that the state evolution is controllable; if the slope deviates from the normal range, it suggests that the region may be undergoing a sudden change in its microstate. In this case, a trend-based, conditionally intervened strategy enables the system to possess preliminary assessment and preventative maintenance capabilities, thereby improving the system's real-time display reliability and overall energy efficiency.

[0035] Specifically, the process of determining the density and performing global or local intervention based on the density determination includes, Determine the average distance between each of the aforementioned mismatched vulnerable regions, and define it as the density; If the density is greater than or equal to a preset density threshold, then global intervention is performed; If the density is less than a preset density threshold, local intervention will be performed.

[0036] In implementation, the density threshold is used to characterize the spatial distribution density of mismatched vulnerable areas, distinguishing between situations requiring global or local intervention. The density threshold is predetermined. Those skilled in the art can simulate and analyze sample panels that perform well under standard conditions and show no defects, statistically calculating the average distance between all mismatched vulnerable areas under different simulated conditions to represent the typical discrete distribution of vulnerability problems under normal circumstances. To indicate the need for global intervention to address systemic regional dysfunction, the density threshold is set as the product of this statistical mean and a density error coefficient. Typically, the density error coefficient is selected within the range [0.65, 0.9], and preferably 0.75 in implementation.

[0037] Specifically, the process of monitoring the drift mapping relationship between the temperature time-domain response curve and the current time-domain response curve includes, A current response-temperature curve is constructed with temperature as the horizontal axis and the ratio of actual current data to current data in the corresponding temperature range within the mapping relationship as the vertical axis. The slope of the change in the current response ratio to the temperature curve is determined and identified as a drift mapping relationship.

[0038] In practice, there are no restrictions on the method of constructing the current response ratio temperature curve. It can be constructed using a professional data acquisition system and plotting software. As long as the constructed curve can accurately and stably reflect the continuous functional relationship between the current response ratio and temperature, and provide a reliable data basis for subsequent calculation of its slope, it will not be elaborated further.

[0039] Specifically, the process of determining the drift trend of each region includes, If the drift mapping relationship is within a preset drift range, then the drift trend of the region is determined to be a normal trend; If the drift mapping relationship is not within the preset drift range, then the drift trend of the region is determined to be an abnormal trend.

[0040] In implementation, the purpose of the drift range is to characterize the dynamic stability of the regional current response characteristics as a function of temperature. The preset drift range is predetermined. Those skilled in the art can calculate the mean slope of the current response to temperature curves through statistical analysis of a large amount of actual operating data to represent the stability of the regional current response under normal conditions. To represent significant changes in the regional current response, the upper and lower limits of the drift range are determined based on the mean. Preferably, in implementation, the upper limit is set to 1.2 times the mean, and the lower limit is set to 0.8 times the mean. Specifically, the process of determining whether to intervene based on the drift trend includes, If the drift trend in the region is normal, no intervention will be taken; If the drift trend in the region is abnormal, intervention will be carried out.

[0041] Please see Figure 4 As shown, it is a logic decision diagram for determining the optimal range of intervention parameters corresponding to the intervention in an embodiment of the invention. Specifically, the process of determining the optimal range of intervention parameters corresponding to the intervention based on the slope differences of several actual voltage waveforms includes, The process of determining the optimal range of intervention parameters based on the slope differences of several actual voltage waveforms includes: Determine the average slope of the actual voltage waveform within a predetermined time period during the intervention process; The slope difference is defined as the difference between the mean slope and the preset standard slope. If the slope difference is less than a preset slope difference threshold, then the current value boundary of the intervention parameter is determined, and the optimal interval is determined based on the value boundary.

[0042] In practice, the standard slope is obtained from pre-statistics. The target electronic paper is subjected to a large number of repetitive drive tests under standard environment and no afterimage display state. The average slope of the actual voltage waveform in each region is recorded during the process, and the average slope is determined as the standard slope.

[0043] In practice, the method for capturing the actual voltage waveform is not limited and falls under conventional signal measurement techniques in this field. For example, the loop current can be measured by a precision sampling resistor connected in series with the driving electrode of the transparent conductive thin film layer, and the actual voltage waveform applied to the pixel can be indirectly calculated based on the known impedance characteristics of the electrode. Alternatively, test points can be reserved during panel design, and the waveform can be directly measured using a high input impedance voltage probe. As long as the selected method can accurately and in real-time acquire the waveform, further details are omitted.

[0044] In practice, the predetermined time segment is predetermined. Typically, the predetermined time segment is selected within the interval [5s, 10s], and 5s is preferred in practice.

[0045] In implementation, the purpose of the slope difference threshold is to characterize the quantitative standard that the response speed of each voltage waveform in the target area reaches sufficient synchronization and stability after intervention. The slope difference threshold is predetermined. Those skilled in the art can perform numerous repetitive drive tests on the target electronic paper under standard conditions and a ghosting-free display state, and calculate the statistical average of the captured actual voltage waveform slope differences to represent the typical waveform consistency level when the display performance is excellent under normal conditions. To characterize normal electrical fluctuations and measurement noise that are allowed within an acceptable range, the slope difference threshold is set as the product of the statistical average and a preset tolerance coefficient. Typically, the tolerance coefficient is selected within the range [1.2, 1.5], and is preferably 1.3 in implementation.

[0046] In implementation, the slope difference directly quantifies the synchronicity and uniformity of the response speed between pixels. The system uses a preset slope difference threshold as its performance target, continuously and dynamically adjusting intervention parameters during the intervention process and simultaneously monitoring the corresponding slope difference changes. By collecting a series of successful intervention records that keep the slope difference below the threshold, the system extracts the effective value range of each intervention parameter. For example, in multiple intervention cycles, if the slope difference meets the requirements when the voltage amplitude is within the range of V_min to V_max, the system determines this range [V_min, V_max] as the optimal interval for the "voltage amplitude" parameter under the current operating condition. Similarly, the optimal intervals for heating power and duration are also determined through the same closed-loop feedback and boundary statistical logic. This interval represents the operating window that achieves the best balance between suppressing transient afterimages and avoiding over-intervention.

[0047] Understandably, once the optimal range of intervention parameters is determined, intervention parameters within the optimal range can be used for the next intervention.

[0048] This invention captures the actual voltage waveforms of each region after the application of a driving voltage during the intervention process in real time. Based on the slope differences of several actual voltage waveforms, it determines the optimal range of intervention parameters for the intervention. Since the voltage waveform, especially the rising or falling slope during the driving phase, is a direct electrical manifestation of the migration rate of charged particles under the influence of an electric field, a steep slope indicates rapid particle response and fast display switching; a gentle slope indicates hindered particle migration, easily leading to switching delays and ghosting. Under complex conditions of low temperature and non-uniformity, even with the aforementioned intervention parameters applied, due to uncontrollable factors such as material tolerances and subtle differences in local thermal fields, the actual response speed of pixels in different regions, and even within the same region, may still differ. This inconsistency is the direct microscopic cause of macroscopically visible transient display ghosting and uneven brightness. Therefore, determining the optimal range of intervention parameters based on the slope differences of the actual voltage waveform essentially shifts the control target from indirect process parameters to the final display performance indicator, namely, response uniformity. This method quantifies the degree of difference by monitoring the voltage waveforms of each region in real time after intervention and calculating statistical quantities such as the slope variance. When the slope difference is less than a preset threshold, it indicates that under the current intervention parameters, the pixel response of the entire screen or target area has reached a high degree of synchronization, and the display uniformity is optimal. The parameter combination at this point is considered to be effective. By collecting effective parameter combinations, the system can statistically summarize the optimal range of intervention parameters that can stabilize the display performance within the optimal range. This range represents the best balance between eliminating ghosting and system reliability, and is an indispensable core technology for achieving the dual goals of suppressing transient ghosting while improving real-time display reliability and overall energy efficiency, thereby improving the system's real-time display reliability and overall energy efficiency.

[0049] Specifically, embodiments of the present invention also provide an adaptive low-temperature electronic paper, comprising: The stacked structure includes an electronic paper substrate, an electronic paper film layer, an optically transparent adhesive layer, and a transparent conductive film layer that are stacked sequentially. The temperature sensing module is deployed in the non-display area of ​​the target electronic paper to collect ambient temperature data in real time; A control module, connected to the temperature sensing module and the transparent conductive film layer, is used to receive the temperature data and control the voltage and heating power of the transparent conductive film layer. The transparent conductive film layer is an electrically conductive heating layer with low resistance characteristics.

[0050] In implementation, the transparent conductive film layer is composed of a precisely patterned metal mesh, such as silver nanowires or copper-based alloys. Preferably, the transparent conductive film layer is an electrically conductive heating layer with low resistance characteristics, and its optimized linewidth and optical aperture ratio provide an indispensable ideal hardware platform for the "sensing of microscopic state differences based on current-temperature mapping" and "execution of precise zonal thermal intervention" in the aforementioned driving method of the present invention, so as to ensure optical display quality while achieving efficient and uniform heating.

[0051] The technical solution of the present invention has been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive low-temperature electronic paper driving method, characterized by, Comprising, Step S1, pre-measure the current data in the target electronic paper heating start process, establish the mapping relationship between the temperature interval of the target electronic paper and the current data; Step S2, in response to the target electronic paper heating start, determine the actual current data of each region corresponding to different temperature intervals based on the mapping relationship within the heating observation period, to determine the deviation difference value of each region, and calibrate each region; Step S3, analyze the calibrated regions, including, Analyzing the relative position relationship between the regions to determine the density, and determining global intervention or local intervention based on the density; Monitoring the drift mapping relationship of the temperature time domain response curve and the current time domain response curve to determine the drift trend of each region, and determining whether to intervene based on the drift trend; Step S4, real-time capture the actual voltage waveform of each region after applying the driving voltage during the intervention process, and determine the optimal interval of the corresponding intervention parameter when intervention based on the slope difference of a plurality of actual voltage waveforms; Wherein, the intervention includes adjusting the voltage and adjusting the heating power, and the intervention parameter includes the voltage amplitude, the heating power and the heating duration.

2. The adaptive low temperature electronic paper driving method according to claim 1, wherein The process of determining the deviation difference value of each region includes, For each region, calculate the difference ratio mean of the actual current data and the current data in different temperature intervals in the mapping relationship, and determine the deviation difference value of the region. 3.The adaptive low-temperature electronic paper driving method of claim 2, wherein, The process of calibrating each region includes, If the deviation difference value is greater than or equal to the preset deviation difference threshold, it is calibrated as a mismatch fragile region; If the deviation difference value is less than the preset deviation difference threshold, it is calibrated as a matching region.

4. The adaptive low temperature electronic paper driving method according to claim 3, wherein The process of analyzing the calibrated regions includes, If it is calibrated as a mismatch fragile region, analyze the relative position relationship between the regions to determine the density, and determine global intervention or local intervention based on the density; If it is calibrated as a matching region, monitor the drift mapping relationship of the temperature time domain response curve and the current time domain response curve to determine the drift trend of each region, and determine whether to intervene based on the drift trend.

5. The adaptive low temperature electronic paper driving method according to claim 4, wherein The process of determining the density and determining global intervention or local intervention based on the density includes, Determine the distance mean between each of the mismatch fragile regions, and determine the density; If the density is greater than or equal to the preset density threshold, global intervention is performed; If the density is less than the preset density threshold, local intervention is performed.

6. The adaptive low temperature electronic paper driving method according to claim 1, wherein The process of monitoring the drift mapping relationship of the temperature time domain response curve and the current time domain response curve includes, Build a current response to temperature curve with temperature as the horizontal axis and the ratio of the actual current data to the current data in the corresponding temperature interval in the mapping relationship as the vertical axis; Determine the change slope of the current response to temperature curve, and determine the drift mapping relationship. 7.The adaptive low-temperature electronic paper driving method of claim 6, wherein, The process of determining the drift trend of each region includes, If the drift mapping relationship is within the preset drift range, it is determined that the drift trend of the region is a normal trend; If the drift mapping relationship is not within the preset drift range, it is determined that the drift trend of the region is an abnormal trend. 8.The adaptive low-temperature electronic paper driving method of claim 7, wherein, The process of determining whether to intervene based on the drift trend comprises: If the drift trend of the area is a normal trend, no intervention is performed; If the drift trend of the area is an abnormal trend, intervention is performed. 9.The adaptive low-temperature electronic paper driving method of claim 1, wherein, The process of determining the optimal interval of the intervention parameter based on the slope difference of the actual voltage waveform comprises: Determining the average slope of the actual voltage waveform in the predetermined time domain segment during the intervention process; Determining the slope difference between the average slope and the preset standard slope; If the slope difference is less than the preset slope difference threshold, the value boundary of the current intervention parameter is determined, and the optimal interval is determined based on the value boundary.

10. An electronic paper using the adaptive low-temperature electronic paper driving method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by, Comprise: A laminated structure comprising an electronic paper substrate, an electronic paper film layer, an optically transparent adhesive layer, and a transparent conductive film layer arranged in sequence; A temperature sensing module arranged in a non-display area of the target electronic paper for collecting environmental temperature data in real time; A control module connected with the temperature sensing module and the transparent conductive film layer, for receiving the temperature data and controlling the voltage and heating power of the transparent conductive film layer; The transparent conductive film layer is a power-on heating layer with low resistance characteristics.

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