Environment-adaptive moisture absorption power generator and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an environment-adaptive moisture absorption power generator and a preparation method thereof, belongs to the technical field of new energy devices, and particularly relates to an environment-adaptive moisture absorption power generator (MEG) and a preparation method thereof. According to the electricity generator, a polyvinyl alcohol-nano silicon dioxide composite network serves as a matrix, an anti-freezing system containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyhydric alcohol is embedded, mixed lithium salt and poly 4-styrene sulfonic acid (PSS) are loaded to construct an ion transport layer, and electrodes are attached to the two sides to form a complete electricity generation unit. In the preparation process, through agent pretreatment, multi-component agent mixing and accurate agent proportion regulation and control, stable electricity generation larger than 0.4 V is achieved continuously for 24-2400 h in the low-temperature environment, and meanwhile stable electricity generation larger than 1.3 V is achieved continuously for 24-1200 h in the environment temperature and humidity. The problems of low-temperature ion freezing, normal-temperature performance sacrificing and poor environmental adaptability of a traditional moisture-absorption electricity generator are solved, and the low-power electricity generator has the advantages of being high in freezing resistance, stable in electricity generation and wide in environmental adaptation range and can be widely applied to low-power electric energy supply in multiple scenes of low temperature, normal temperature, humidity, dryness and the like.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of new energy devices, and particularly relates to an environment-adaptive moisture-absorbing electricity generator (MEG) and a preparation method thereof, and is particularly suitable for stable electricity generation in low-temperature and high-humidity, normal-temperature and humid, and other multi-environmental scenarios. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of the Internet of Things, wearable devices, and remote monitoring systems, the demand for continuous and stable weak power supply is increasingly urgent. MEGs actively absorb moisture from the environment to drive internal ion migration to form a potential difference, have the advantages of being clean, sustainable, and not requiring external energy input, and have become a research hotspot in the field of new energy in recent years.

[0003] However, existing MEGs have obvious technical limitations: first, poor low-temperature adaptability. Traditional electricity generators rely on a water-based ion transmission system, which is prone to ice crystal formation below-10°C, leading to ion freezing and transmission channel blockage, resulting in a sharp decline in electricity generation performance or even failure, making it difficult to meet the application requirements in cold regions (such as high-latitude regions, winter outdoor environments, or even Antarctic expeditions); second, it is difficult to balance the performance at normal and low temperatures. Some studies add a single antifreeze to improve low-temperature performance, but this destroys the ion gradient and network structure at normal temperatures, resulting in a decline in normal-temperature electricity generation voltage of more than 15%, sacrificing core performance; third, insufficient environmental stability. When humidity fluctuates or temperature changes suddenly, MEGs are prone to water content imbalance and network swelling / shrinking, leading to poor electrode contact and voltage fluctuations of more than 60%, making it impossible to achieve long-term stable power supply.

[0004] In the prior art, Chinese patent CN202510481618 discloses a MEG using a polypyrrole modified dust-free paper and a sodium alginate / graphene oxide composite system, which can achieve stable electricity generation of 0.7V at normal temperature, but has low electricity generation capacity, and does not involve low-temperature performance optimization, which is prone to a sharp decline in electricity generation performance due to ion freezing in low-temperature environments; the core-sheath structure MEG disclosed in Chinese patent CN202511319911 optimizes the ion conductivity and structural stability at normal temperature through ultraviolet curing, but uses a single hydrogel system without adding an antifreeze component, which is prone to ice crystal formation and ion transmission channel blockage in low-temperature environments; the honeycomb-like hydrogel MEG of Chinese patent CN202411207748 has a high current density output advantage, but relies on single lithium acetate as an ion source without building an antifreeze system, which greatly reduces ion activity in low-temperature environments, and does not involve low-temperature performance optimization; the low-humidity high-current MEG of Chinese patent CN202511012716 improves low-humidity performance through hygroscopic salt and asymmetric electrodes, but does not design an antifreeze strategy for low-temperature environments, and the single salt system is prone to crystallization in low-temperature environments, leading to a decline in ion transmission efficiency.

[0005] In summary, there is an urgent need to develop a MEG that combines excellent low-temperature freeze resistance, high room-temperature electrical activity, and wide environmental adaptability. By synergistically optimizing the freeze resistance system, ion transport layer, and matrix network structure, the core problems of "low-temperature failure, room-temperature performance sacrifice, and poor environmental stability" in existing technologies can be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] One of the technical problems this invention aims to solve is addressing the low-temperature ion freezing issue of existing MEGs. Existing MEGs largely rely on water-based ion transport systems, which are prone to ice crystal formation at low temperatures, leading to internal ion freezing and blockage of ion transport channels. This results in a sharp decline in power generation performance or even failure, failing to meet the stable power supply requirements of cold regions. To address this problem, this invention innovatively constructs a synergistic antifreeze system of "polyethylene glycol + polyols." By compounding polyethylene glycol with ethylene glycol, glycerol, and 1,3-propanediol, a multi-component complementary mechanism is achieved to solve the "non-freezing + ion migration" problem. Simultaneously, the polyols support the PVA chain segment, providing antifreeze properties while simultaneously enabling Li... + By reserving space for relocation, a unified approach to "freezing resistance, structure, and conductivity" is achieved, ultimately enabling stable power generation at -80℃.

[0007] The second technical problem this invention aims to solve is: addressing the performance degradation issue of existing MEGs at room temperature. To address this problem, this invention innovatively constructs 5-20nm nano-confined channels and uses 20nm hydrophilic nano-silica to construct a matching Li... + The transport pathway for hydrated ion migration involves the simultaneous introduction of 10-15 nm aminated nano-silica, utilizing the positive charge of the aminated nano-silica to interact with the SO42- of the PSS. 2- Formation of electrostatic gradient driving Li + Targeted transmission enables stable applications in complex environments.

[0008] The third technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide an environmentally adaptable MEG and its preparation method. In view of the poor environmental adaptability of existing MEGs, this study achieves continuous power generation under environmental temperature and humidity by precisely controlling the PVA concentration and static crosslinking humidity. Furthermore, the water content of MEG is controlled to 30±2% by vacuum drying, which avoids insufficient ionic activity and ensures that the water in MEG is "bound water" and does not freeze under low temperature conditions, thus achieving dual-temperature performance compatibility.

[0009] Technical solution

[0010] To solve the first technical problem mentioned above, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0011] (1) Antifreeze system compound design: A synergistic antifreeze system of "PEG + polyol" is compounded in a specific ratio. PEG with a molecular weight of 1,000-10,000 is selected as a flexible chain segment to provide basic antifreeze properties. It is combined with ethylene glycol, glycerol and 1,3-propanediol to form a multi-component antifreeze combination: ethylene glycol is the core antifreeze component to lower the freezing point of the system, glycerol supports the PVA chain segment by supplementing hydrogen bond sites, and 1,3-propanediol ensures the fluidity of the system under low temperature conditions. The three are mixed in a certain volume ratio and compounded with PEG in a certain mass-volume ratio to achieve the dual function of "inhibiting ice crystal formation - retaining ion migration space" to ensure that ions do not freeze and can migrate normally under -80℃ conditions.

[0012] (2) Design of the process for integrating the antifreeze system with the matrix: PEG is pre-dispersed with deionized water at a certain mass-volume ratio and stirred at 500 rpm / min for 10 min at room temperature. The polyol component is pre-vortexed for 5 min to form a homogeneous mixture. After the PVA is completely dissolved in the mixed lithium salt solution and cooled down, the PEG pre-dispersed solution is added first and stirred at 600 rpm / min for 10 min. Then the polyol mixture is added and stirred at 600 rpm / min for 8 min to ensure that the antifreeze component is uniformly interspersed in the PVA network, so as to achieve the unity of "antifreeze-structure-conductivity" performance and ensure stable power generation at -80℃.

[0013] To solve the second technical problem mentioned above, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0014] (1) Construction of nano-confined channels: Two specific sizes of nano-silica were selected to construct 5-20 nm nano-confined channels with a particle size of 20 nm, a purity greater than 99.8%, and a specific surface area greater than 150 m². 2 / g of hydrophilic nano-silica as the main body, constructing a Li-matched + The basic transport pathway for hydrated ion migration; simultaneously introduce aminated nano-silica with a particle size of 10-15nm, an amino grafting rate of ≥8%, and a surface potential of +20mV, and mix the two at a certain mass ratio to disperse the aminated nano-silica in the channel gaps constructed by the hydrophilic nano-silica.

[0015] (2) Ion-directed transport driven design: An 18% concentration of PSS aqueous solution was added to the system, utilizing the positive charge on the surface of aminated nano-silica to react with SO4 in PSS. 2- An electrostatic gradient is formed; the amount of PSS is controlled and slowly added dropwise to the mixture, stirred for 5 minutes to ensure a uniform distribution of the electrostatic gradient, driving Li + Directional migration along confined channels constructed from 20nm hydrophilic nano-silica avoids performance degradation caused by disordered ion diffusion at room temperature, ensuring stable power generation at room temperature.

[0016] To solve the third technical problem mentioned above, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0017] By precisely controlling the PVA concentration, PVA1799 or PVA1788 with a polymerization degree of 1700 and a degree of hydrolysis of 99% were selected to prepare the PVA solution, ensuring that the matrix network has both structural stability and hygroscopic properties. After the precursor liquid was cast, it was placed in a 25℃, 70% RH humidity environment for static crosslinking for 28 hours, so that the PVA network was fully crosslinked and retained a suitable amount of hygroscopic channels to meet the water vapor absorption requirements under different humidity environments. Finally, the pre-crosslinked hydrogel was transferred to a vacuum drying oven at 40℃ and 5Pa for 6.5 hours to dry, and its water content was controlled at 30±2%. This control ensured that the water in the hydrogel was in a "bound water" state, which not only avoided insufficient ionic activity due to excessively low water content, but also prevented "free water" from freezing at low temperatures, achieving performance compatibility in both -80℃ and room temperature ranges. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely schematic diagrams of the moisture absorption and power generation mechanism of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Appendix Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the moisture absorption and electricity generation method described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics, and embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the present invention. The following embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention. Any simple modifications and improvements based on the technical concept of the present invention, without departing from the core technical solution of the present invention, should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0021] Furthermore, regarding the numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, are also included in this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0022] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention.

[0023] The terms “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc., used in this article are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.

[0024] The performance parameters of the following raw materials are as follows:

[0025] Matrix materials: polyvinyl alcohol, 10nm hydrophilic nano silica, 20nm hydrophilic nano silica, 10-15nm aminated nano silica, LiCl, LiNO3, PEG, ethylene glycol, glycerol, 1,3-propanediol, poly-4-styrene sulfonic acid aqueous solution, glutaraldehyde aqueous solution, electrodes, deionized water.

[0026] Equipment: Magnetic stirrer, ultrasonic cell disruptor, ion conductivity meter, constant temperature and humidity chamber, electronic balance, pipette, and custom PTFE mold.

[0027] The preparation steps are as follows:

[0028] Preprocessing section:

[0029] Lithium salt treatment: LiCl, LiNO3, and LiBr were vacuum dried at 60℃ for 2 hours, cooled, and then stored in a desiccator;

[0030] PEG pre-dispersion: Dissolve PEG (1000-10000) in 2-5 mL of deionized water and stir at 500 rpm / min for 10 min at room temperature;

[0031] Polyol mixing: Mix 0.1-1.0 mL of ethylene glycol, 0.1-1.0 mL of glycerol, and 0.1-1.0 mL of 1,3-propanediol and vortex for 5 min.

[0032] Preparation of MEG precursor solution:

[0033] Dissolve LiCl, LiNO3, and LiBr in 10-30 mL of deionized water, stir at 500 rpm for 5 min, then increase the stirring speed to 700 rpm for 15 min.

[0034] Add 1-5g of PVA to the above mixed lithium salt solution, heat to above 90°C at 800rpm / min, and stir until transparent filaments are formed.

[0035] Add 0.1–2.0 g of 10 nm silica, 0.1–2.0 g of 20 nm silica, and 0.1–2.0 g of aminated silica in sequence to PEG predispersant (600 rpm / min, 10 min), polyol mixture (600 rpm / min, 8 min), PSS aqueous solution (1 drop / 2 s, 5 min), and glutaraldehyde aqueous solution (500 rpm / min, 7 min).

[0036] Hydrogel molding:

[0037] The MEG precursor solution was poured into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold, allowed to stand at 25°C and 70% RH for 28 hours, and then dried under vacuum at 40°C and 5Pa for 6.5 hours before demolding.

[0038] Power generation unit assembly:

[0039] After wiping with hydrogel, equilibrate at 70% RH for 5 minutes, attach the electrodes, apply a 1cm wide layer of conductive silver paste, fix with PTFE tape, and encapsulate with polyethylene film. A schematic diagram of the structure is shown below. Figure 1 As shown.

[0040] The present invention will be further illustrated by the following embodiments:

[0041] Example 1:

[0042] In this embodiment of the invention, LiCl, LiNO3, and LiBr were first vacuum dried at 60°C for 2 hours, cooled, and stored in a desiccator. Then, PEG1000 was dissolved in 3 mL of deionized water and stirred at 500 rpm / min for 10 minutes at room temperature. Next, 0.2 mL of ethylene glycol, 0.2 mL of glycerol, and 0.3 mL of 1,3-propanediol were mixed and vortexed for 5 minutes. LiCl, LiNO3, and LiBr were dissolved in 10.5 mL of deionized water and stirred at 500 rpm / min for 5 minutes, then increased to 700 rpm / min and stirred for 15 minutes. 1.2 g of PVA was added to the above mixed lithium salt solution, and the temperature was increased to above 90°C at 800 rpm / min, stirring until a transparent filamentous form was obtained. Finally, 0.5 g of 10 nm silicon dioxide and 1 g of... 20nm silica and 1g of aminated silica were sequentially added to PEG pre-dispersion solution (600rpm / min, 10min), polyol mixture (600rpm / min, 8min), PSS aqueous solution (1 drop / 2s, 5min), and glutaraldehyde aqueous solution (500rpm / min, 7min), then poured into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold. After standing at 25℃ and 70% RH for 28h, the mixture was vacuum dried at 40℃ and 5Pa for 6.5h before demolding. The hydrogel was wiped clean and equilibrated at 70% RH for 5min. Electrodes were then attached, coated with a 1cm wide conductive silver paste, secured with PTFE tape, and encapsulated with a polyethylene film. Under ambient temperature and humidity conditions, the system could continuously generate electricity at 1.0V for over 100h, and at -40℃ for over 240h. The system operated stably without human intervention and could operate long-term under stable temperature and humidity conditions.

[0043] Example 2:

[0044] In this embodiment of the invention, LiCl, LiNO3, and LiBr were first vacuum dried at 60°C for 2 hours, cooled, and stored in a desiccator. Then, PEG8000 was dissolved in 3 mL of deionized water and stirred at 500 rpm / min for 10 minutes at room temperature. Next, 0.1 mL of ethylene glycol, 0.2 mL of glycerol, and 0.1 mL of 1,3-propanediol were mixed and vortexed for 5 minutes. LiCl, LiNO3, and LiBr were dissolved in 20.0 mL of deionized water and stirred at 500 rpm / min for 5 minutes, then increased to 700 rpm / min and stirred for 15 minutes. 2.0 g of PVA was added to the above mixed lithium salt solution, and the temperature was increased to above 90°C at 800 rpm / min, stirring until a transparent filamentous form was obtained. Finally, 0.1 g of 10 nm silicon dioxide and 0.6 g of... 20nm silica and 0.1g aminated silica were sequentially added to PEG pre-dispersion solution (600rpm / min, 10min), polyol mixture (600rpm / min, 8min), PSS aqueous solution (1 drop / 2s, 5min), and glutaraldehyde aqueous solution (500rpm / min, 7min), then poured into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold. After standing at 25℃ and 70% RH for 28h, the mixture was vacuum dried at 40℃ and 5Pa for 6.5h before demolding. The hydrogel was wiped clean and equilibrated at 70% RH for 5min. Electrodes were then attached, coated with a 1cm wide conductive silver paste, secured with PTFE tape, and encapsulated with a polyethylene film. Under ambient temperature and humidity conditions, the system could continuously generate electricity at 1.2V for over 1000h, and at -40℃ for over 1500h. The system operated stably without human intervention and could operate long-term under stable temperature and humidity conditions.

[0045] Example 3:

[0046] In this embodiment of the invention, LiCl, LiNO3, and LiBr were first vacuum dried at 60°C for 2 hours, cooled, and stored in a desiccator. Then, PEG4000 was dissolved in 1.5 mL of deionized water and stirred at 500 rpm / min for 10 minutes at room temperature. Next, 0.2 mL of ethylene glycol, 0.4 mL of glycerol, and 0.2 mL of 1,3-propanediol were mixed and vortexed for 5 minutes. LiCl, LiNO3, and LiBr were dissolved in 20 mL of deionized water and stirred at 500 rpm / min for 5 minutes, then increased to 700 rpm / min and stirred for 15 minutes. 2.0 g of PVA was added to the above mixed lithium salt solution, and the temperature was increased to above 90°C at 800 rpm / min, stirring until a transparent filamentous form was obtained. Finally, 0.3 g of 10 nm silicon dioxide and 0.6 g of... 20nm silica and 0.1g aminated silica were added sequentially to PEG pre-dispersion solution (600rpm / min, 10min), polyol mixture (600rpm / min, 8min), PSS aqueous solution (1 drop / 2s, 5min), and glutaraldehyde aqueous solution (500rpm / min, 7min), then poured into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold. After standing at 25℃ and 70% RH for 28h, the mixture was vacuum dried at 40℃ and 5Pa for 6.5h before demolding. The hydrogel was wiped clean and equilibrated at 70% RH for 5min. Electrodes were then attached, coated with a 1cm wide conductive silver paste, secured with PTFE tape, and encapsulated with a polyethylene film. The system could continuously generate electricity at 1.3V for over 1000h under ambient temperature and humidity conditions, and continuously generate electricity at 0.8V for over 1500h at -40℃. The system operated stably without human intervention and could operate long-term under stable temperature and humidity conditions.

Claims

1. An environment-adaptive moisture-absorbing power generator and a preparation method thereof, characterized in that, from inside to outside, sequentially comprising an ion transmission layer, a matrix support layer and an electrode layer; (1) the ion transmission layer adopts a LiCl / LiNO3 / LiBr mixed lithium salt and poly-4-styrene sulfonic acid (PSS) synergistic system to solve the problems of low-temperature crystallization of single lithium salt and ion transmission disorder at room temperature; a compounded "polyvinyl alcohol + polyols (ethylene glycol + glycerol + 1,3-propanediol)" synergistic antifreeze system is used to achieve the unification of "antifreeze - conductivity - structure", and the technical bottleneck of ion freezing at low temperature of existing moisture-absorbing power generators (MEG) is broken through; (2) the matrix support layer is constructed with 10 nm hydrophilic nano-silica, 20 nm hydrophilic nano-silica and 10-15 nm aminated nano-silica to form 5-20 nm nano-limited channels, solving the problems of low ion transmission efficiency and disordered path at room temperature; the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol and the humidity of static crosslinking are precisely controlled to make water exist in the form of "bound water", avoiding both insufficient ion activity and low-temperature icing, realizing the performance compatibility of double temperature zones, and breaking through the limitation of poor environmental adaptability of traditional MEG; (3) the electrode layer adopts a combination of electrodes and conductive silver paste to reduce low-temperature contact resistance and avoid charge loss at the interface between the electrode and the ion transmission layer, solving the problems of low-temperature performance decay and poor interface contact of traditional electrodes.

2. The environment-adaptive moisture-absorbing power generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, (1) the ion transmission layer is composed of a mixed lithium salt, PSS and an antifreeze system, the mixed lithium salt is a mixture of LiCl, LiNO3 and LiBr in a mass ratio of 1:1:1-1:10:1, and the total concentration is 0.4-0.9 mol / L; (2) the antifreeze system is a compound of polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 1000-10000), ethylene glycol, glycerol and 1,3-propanediol in a mass-volume ratio of (0.4-0.9 g):(0.3-0.6 mL):(0.2-0.6 mL):(0.3-0.7 mL); (3) the matrix support layer is a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA1799 or PVA1788) and nano-silica composite network, the nano-silica includes 10 nm hydrophilic nano-silica, 20 nm hydrophilic nano-silica and 10-15 nm aminated nano-silica, and the mass ratio of the two is 1-5:1; (4) the electrode layer is an electrode with a resistivity of less than 50 Ω·cm, attached to both sides of the matrix support layer; the water content is controlled to be 28%-32%.

3. The environment-adaptive moisture-absorbing power generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, the mixed lithium salt needs to be vacuum dried at 60°C for 2h to remove crystallization water; the polyethylene glycol needs to be prepared into a pre-dispersion liquid with deionized water in a mass-volume ratio of 1:1-1:8; the polyols (ethylene glycol, glycerol, 1,3-propanediol) need to be pre-oscillated for 5-8 min to form a uniform mixed liquid.

4. The environment-adaptive moisture-absorbing power generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass percentage of the nanosilica in the base support layer is 6% to 12%; the amino grafting rate of the aminated nanosilica is greater than 6%, and the surface potential is +18 to +40 mV; the polymerization degree of the PVA is 1650 to 1750, and the alcoholysis degree is greater than 98.5%.

5. A method for producing an environmental adaptation type moisture absorbing power generator as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: (1) Pretreatment: LiCl, LiNO3, and LiBr are placed in a 60℃ vacuum drying box for drying for 2h, and after cooling, they are reserved for use; a polyvinyl alcohol pre-dispersion liquid and a polyol mixed liquid are prepared; the electrode is wiped with anhydrous ethanol to remove the oxide layer; (2) Preparation of mixed lithium salt solution: LiCl, LiNO3, and LiBr pretreated are added to 5-30g of deionized water, and stirred at 500-700rpm for 20-25min; (3) Preparation of precursor solution: PVA is added to the mixed lithium salt solution, stirred at 800rpm, and heated to above 90℃ until completely dissolved; nanosilica and the reserved mixed lithium salt solution are added, and ultrasonic treatment is performed for 15-20min to ensure that the proportion of 20nm nanoparticles is greater than 92%; polyvinyl alcohol pre-dispersion liquid, polyol mixed liquid, PSS aqueous solution, and glutaraldehyde are added in sequence, and stirred for 5-10min in steps; (4) Hydrogel forming: the precursor solution is poured into a customized mold, and cross-linked at room temperature for 20-30h, and then transferred into a 40℃, 5Pa vacuum drying box for drying for 6-7h; (5) Assembly of electricity generating unit: the surface of the hydrogel is wiped, the electrode is attached, and conductive silver paste is applied, and then polytetrafluoroethylene tape is fixed and polyethylene film is packaged.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein, in step (3), the ultrasonic treatment is in the mode of "10-30s working, 10-30s pausing", and the temperature control is less than 40℃; the glutaraldehyde is a 5%-50% aqueous solution, and the amount used is 0.8-0.86mL; the PSS is an 18% aqueous solution, and the amount used is 0.6-1.16mL.

7. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein, in step (4), if white lithium salt crystals appear on the dried hydrogel, the vacuum drying temperature is reduced to 30-40℃, and the drying time is extended by 0.5-1h.

8. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein, in step (5), after packaging, the temperature is reduced from room temperature to -80℃ at a rate of 1℃ / min, and the electrode resistance is recorded every 10℃ during the period to ensure that there is no sudden increase.

9. Application of the environment-adaptive moisture-absorbing electricity generating device according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein, the device is used for supplying weak electric energy in the environment of -80℃ to 60℃ and 10% to 90% RH, specifically: the device is connected to a circuit, ions are migrated by absorbing ambient moisture, and electric energy is collected by the electrode and led out.

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