Fault indicator operation method and system based on energy self-adaption
By monitoring the voltage of energy storage units to determine the operating mode, and by adopting adaptive data acquisition and multi-mode communication strategies, the energy management and data transmission problems of distribution network fault indicators are solved, achieving efficient and reliable fault monitoring and location.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-10
AI Technical Summary
Existing power distribution network fault indicators suffer from problems such as unstable energy supply, unreasonable data acquisition strategies, limited communication methods, and insufficient data processing capabilities, resulting in inadequate system reliability and fault location accuracy.
By monitoring the voltage of the energy storage unit to determine the operating mode, adopting adaptive data acquisition parameters and multi-mode communication strategies, and combining differential compression methods to process fault waveform data, we can achieve efficient energy utilization and reliable communication.
It improves the reliability and fault location accuracy of fault indicators under energy and communication bandwidth constraints, and reduces energy consumption and storage space requirements.
Smart Images
Figure CN121644342A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of power system distribution network fault monitoring, in particular to a fault indicator operation method and system based on energy self-adaptation. BACKGROUND
[0002] As the terminal link of the power system, the distribution network directly supplies power to the terminal users. Due to the wide distribution and complex operating environment of the distribution network, line faults occur frequently. It is of great significance to quickly and accurately locate the fault position for shortening the power outage time and improving the power supply reliability. As the key equipment for fault monitoring of the distribution network, the fault indicator is widely used in fault detection and positioning of overhead lines and cable lines.
[0003] However, the existing distribution network fault indicators face many problems in actual application.
[0004] Firstly, the energy supply is unstable. The traditional fault indicator mainly relies on a single current transformer to obtain energy, but when the line load current is small or the line is powered off, the energy obtained is insufficient, resulting in the device unable to work normally. Although some products use a solar power auxiliary power supply scheme, due to the lack of an effective energy management mechanism, energy is wasted when there is excess energy, and the normal operation of key functions cannot be guaranteed when there is insufficient energy, resulting in poor system reliability.
[0005] Secondly, the data acquisition strategy is unreasonable. The existing fault indicators generally use a fixed sampling rate mode, which will result in the inability to fully utilize the excess energy to obtain high-quality fault feature data when the energy storage is sufficient, and the energy will be quickly depleted to maintain a high sampling rate when the energy storage is insufficient, resulting in the device failing to work during a fault.
[0006] Thirdly, the communication mode is single, and it is difficult to balance the reliability, real-time performance and power consumption of data transmission. Although the long-distance low-power communication mode has wide coverage and low power consumption, the data transmission rate is limited, which cannot meet the fast transmission demand of large-capacity fault waveform data; while the high-speed short-distance communication mode has high transmission rate, but the communication distance is limited and the power consumption is large, which is limited in energy-limited scenarios.
[0007] In addition, the data processing capability is insufficient. Fault waveform data usually contains rich fault feature information, but the amount of original waveform data is huge. The existing devices either do not record waveform data, resulting in loss of fault information, or directly store and transmit raw data, causing problems such as large storage space occupation, long transmission time and high energy consumption.
[0008] Finally, in the multi-device networking application scenario, the existing fault indicator is prone to data collision when transmitting data in a high-speed communication mode. When multiple fault indicators on the same line detect faults at the same time and attempt to send data, the data transmission of each device will interfere with each other, resulting in data loss or transmission failure, which seriously affects the overall reliability of the system. SUMMARY
[0009] The purpose of the present application is to provide an energy-adaptive fault indicator operation method and system, which solves the problems of low energy utilization, high communication overhead, and rigid fault criterion in the prior art, and realizes intelligent fault monitoring with high energy efficiency, low false alarm, and adaptive operation.
[0010] To solve the above technical problems, on the one hand, the present application provides an energy-adaptive fault indicator operation method, comprising the following steps: S1, monitoring the voltage of the energy storage unit, and dividing the operation mode of the fault indicator system according to the voltage value; S2, in different operation modes, respectively collecting electrical parameters of the line, and analyzing the mutation characteristics of the electrical parameters; S3, according to the mutation characteristics, determining whether a fault occurs and the type of the fault, when a fault is determined, generating a fault event and recording fault waveform data, and compressing the fault waveform data; S4, selecting different communication modes to transmit data according to the running state of the fault indicator system.
[0011] Further, in step S1, the voltage value of the super capacitor in the energy storage unit is detected, and the fault indicator system is divided into a high-energy operation mode, a medium-energy operation mode, and a low-energy operation mode; When the voltage value Vcap of the super capacitor is greater than or equal to 4.5V, the system is in the high-energy operation mode; When 3.6V≤ the voltage value Vcap of the super capacitor <4.5V, the system is in the medium-energy operation mode; When 3.0V≤ the voltage value Vcap of the super capacitor <3.6V, the system is in the low-energy operation mode.
[0012] Further, in step S2, different operation modes correspond to different data acquisition parameters, and the data acquisition parameters include a sampling rate; In the high-energy operation mode, the sampling rate is 5kHz; In the medium-energy operation mode, the sampling rate is 1kHz; In the low-energy operation mode, the sampling rate is 400Hz.
[0013] Further, in step S2, the electrical parameters include line current, line voltage and ambient temperature; and the mutation features include current mutation rate, voltage mutation rate and harmonic distortion rate.
[0014] Further, in step S3, the fault types include short-circuit fault, ground fault and overload fault. The fault event includes fault type identification, fault occurrence timestamp and device unique identification. The fault waveform data includes electrical parameter waveforms from 500 ms before fault occurrence to 1500 ms after fault occurrence.
[0015] Further, in step S3, the method for compressing the fault waveform data includes: calculating numerical difference between adjacent sampling points; encoding the numerical difference and storing it to non-volatile memory.
[0016] Further, in step S4, the multiple communication modes include a first communication mode and a second communication mode. The first communication mode is a low-power long-distance communication mode, with transmission power not greater than 100 mW and communication distance greater than 2 km. The second communication mode is a high-speed short-distance communication mode, with data transmission rate greater than 250 kbps and communication distance of 100 m to 500 m.
[0017] Further, the step S4 further includes: in daily monitoring state, periodically sending state information containing device running state and current monitoring value by using the first communication mode; when detecting fault trigger, sending fault trigger signal containing fault type and timestamp by using the first communication mode; after sending the fault trigger signal, transmitting the compressed fault waveform data by using the second communication mode.
[0018] Further, the data transmission of the second communication mode adopts time slot synchronization mechanism, which includes time slot division and clock synchronization. The time slot division divides each fault period into multiple time slots, and different time slots are allocated to multiple fault indicators on the same line to avoid data transmission conflict. wherein, the number of time slots contained in a single fault period is 6 to 15. The clock synchronization is realized by periodically broadcasting clock reference signal by using the first communication mode.
[0019] On the other hand, the present application provides a fault indicator system based on energy self-adaption, which includes: An energy collection module, comprising a current transformer power extraction unit and a solar energy collection unit, for collecting energy from line current and ambient light respectively and outputting electric energy; An energy storage module, electrically connected with the energy collection module, comprising a super capacitor; A sensor module, electrically connected with the energy storage module, comprising a current sensor, a voltage sensor and a temperature sensor, for real-time collection of electrical parameters of the line; A main control processing module, electrically connected with the sensor module and the energy storage module, for energy management and fault identification; A local indication module, electrically connected with the main control processing module and the energy storage module, for fault display according to a fault indication signal; A communication module, electrically connected with the main control processing module, for receiving and transmitting data.
[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present application has at least the following beneficial effects: The present application realizes adaptive data collection by monitoring the voltage of the energy storage unit and dividing different operation modes according to the voltage value, and using data collection parameters matched with the energy state in different operation modes, solves the problems of unreasonable energy management and inflexible data collection strategy. At the same time, combined with a multi-mode communication strategy, the reliability, real-time performance and energy efficiency of communication are taken into account; the fault waveform data is compressed, which significantly reduces the storage space and transmission bandwidth requirement, reduces the transmission time and energy consumption, so that reliable transmission of complete waveform data can be realized under the condition of limited energy and communication bandwidth, and the communication reliability and fault positioning accuracy are improved.
[0021] Further, the differential compression method is used to process the fault waveform data, which reduces the data transmission time and energy consumption. Combined with the multi-mode communication strategy of the first communication mode and the second communication mode, a time slot synchronization mechanism is introduced, different time slots are allocated for different devices to avoid data collision conflict in multi-device networking, and the communication reliability and fault positioning accuracy are improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the operation method of the energy adaptive fault indicator in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 A structural schematic diagram of the energy adaptive fault indicator system in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] Based on the inspiration of the present specification, the skilled in the art can cross combine different embodiments to form new technical solutions without causing technical contradictions, and such variations should be considered to fall within the protection scope of the present patent.
[0024] A method and system for operating a fault indicator based on energy self-adaptation will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings, in which the preferred embodiments of the application are represented, it being understood that the person skilled in the art can modify the application described herein while still achieving the advantageous effects of the application. The following description should therefore be understood as a broad general knowledge of the person skilled in the art and not as a limitation of the application.
[0025] The application will be described in more detail in the following paragraphs with reference to the accompanying drawings. The advantages and features of the application will become more apparent from the following description. It should be noted that the drawings are all very simplified and use non-precise proportions, only for the purpose of facilitating, clarifying and assisting in the description of the embodiments of the application.
[0026] Embodiment one As shown in the drawings, the embodiments of the application propose a method for operating a fault indicator based on energy self-adaptation, comprising the following steps: Figure 1 S1, monitoring the voltage of the energy storage unit, and dividing the operating mode of the fault indicator system according to the voltage value. By monitoring the voltage state of the energy storage unit in real time, the system can accurately grasp the current energy reserve situation, providing a data basis for subsequent energy self-adaptive adjustment. According to the voltage value, different operating modes are divided, so that the system can dynamically adjust the working parameters according to the energy state, fully exert the device performance when the energy is sufficient, and preferentially guarantee the key functions when the energy is insufficient, realizing the efficient use of energy and the reliable operation of the system.
[0027] S2, in different operating modes, respectively collecting electrical parameters of the line, and analyzing the mutation characteristics of the electrical parameters.
[0028] In different operating modes, a differentiated data collection strategy is adopted, which can flexibly adjust the collection accuracy and collection frequency according to the energy state, obtain more rich fault feature information when the energy allows, and reduce the collection power consumption to maintain the basic monitoring function when the energy is limited, realizing the dynamic balance between energy consumption and monitoring performance. By analyzing the mutation characteristics of the electrical parameters, the abnormal state of the line can be found in time, providing data support for accurate fault discrimination.
[0029] S3, according to the mutation characteristics, discriminating whether a fault occurs and the type of the fault, when it is determined that a fault occurs, generating a fault event and recording fault waveform data, and compressing the fault waveform data.
[0030]
[0031] By comprehensively analyzing the mutation characteristics, the abnormal state of the line can be accurately identified and the fault type can be determined, thereby providing reliable fault information for the operation and maintenance personnel. The generation of the fault event and the recording of the fault waveform data can completely save the electrical parameter change process when the fault occurs, thereby providing first-hand information for subsequent fault analysis and cause tracing. The compression processing of the fault waveform data greatly reduces the storage space and transmission bandwidth requirements of the data, reduces the time and energy consumption of data transmission, and enables the complete waveform data to be saved and transmitted under the condition of limited storage resources and communication resources.
[0032] S4, different communication modes are selected to transmit data according to the operating state of the fault indicator system.
[0033] The flexible selection strategy of multiple communication modes can select the most suitable communication mode according to different application scenarios and data types, and can comprehensively optimize the reliability, real-time performance and energy efficiency of communication. Different communication modes have their own advantages in transmission distance, transmission rate and power consumption, and by reasonable collocation, the limitations of a single communication mode can be overcome, and the complex and diverse communication needs of the fault indicator system can be met.
[0034] Specifically, in step S1 of the embodiment, the fault indicator system is divided into a high-energy operating mode, a medium-energy operating mode and a low-energy operating mode by detecting the voltage value of the super capacitor in the energy storage unit.
[0035] When the voltage value Vcap of the super capacitor is greater than or equal to 4.5V, the system is in the high-energy operating mode; when 3.6V is less than the voltage value Vcap of the super capacitor, the system is in the medium-energy operating mode; when 3.0V is less than the voltage value Vcap of the super capacitor, the system is in the low-energy operating mode.
[0036] The voltage value of the super capacitor is used as the basis for distinguishing the energy state, which has the advantages of fast response speed and accurate reflection. The voltage of the super capacitor is directly related to the energy stored therein, and the current energy reserve level can be intuitively reflected by the voltage value. The division of the three operating modes fully considers the working characteristics of the super capacitor and the energy demand of the system. The high-energy operating mode corresponds to an energy sufficient state, which can support all functions to run at full performance; the medium-energy operating mode corresponds to an energy moderate state, which needs to appropriately reduce the performance of part of the functions to extend the working time; the low-energy operating mode corresponds to an energy stressed state, which needs to prioritize the operation of core functions such as fault monitoring. The setting of the two voltage thresholds of 4.5V and 3.6V takes into account the discharge characteristic curve of the super capacitor and also considers the minimum operating voltage requirements of the system's functional modules, thereby enabling reasonable function allocation under different energy states.
[0037] In step S2 of the embodiment, different operating modes correspond to different data acquisition parameters, including sampling rate. In the high-energy operating mode, the sampling rate is 5 kHz; in the medium-energy operating mode, the sampling rate is 1 kHz; and in the low-energy operating mode, the sampling rate is 400 Hz.
[0038] Adaptive adjustment of the sampling rate is a key measure to achieve energy-efficient management. The power consumption of data acquisition is directly related to the sampling rate. Although a high sampling rate can obtain more detailed waveform information, the corresponding analog-to-digital conversion, data processing, and storage power consumption will also increase significantly. In the high-energy operating mode, with sufficient energy reserves, a high sampling rate of 5 kHz can capture the rapid change process of electrical parameters and obtain rich high-frequency component information, which is beneficial to accurate fault type identification and in-depth analysis of fault mechanism. In the medium-energy operating mode, the sampling rate is reduced to 1 kHz, which can meet the needs of common fault detection while effectively reducing the power consumption of data acquisition and prolonging the working time of the device. In the low-energy operating mode, the sampling rate is further reduced to 400 Hz, at which time although high-frequency information is lost, the main fault characteristics of the power distribution network can still be captured, and the basic function of fault monitoring is prioritized. This hierarchical sampling rate setting enables the system to obtain effective fault information with reasonable power consumption in different energy states.
[0039] Further, in step S2, the electrical parameters include line current, line voltage, and ambient temperature; and the mutation features include current mutation rate, voltage mutation rate, and harmonic distortion rate.
[0040] Line current and line voltage are the most direct parameters reflecting the operating state of the power distribution network. When a short circuit, grounding, or other fault occurs in the line, the current and voltage will change significantly in amplitude and waveform. Monitoring the ambient temperature helps to determine overload faults, as the line overload will generate additional heat, causing the temperature to rise. By comprehensively analyzing multiple electrical parameters, the operating state of the line can be more fully understood. The current mutation rate reflects the speed of current change. In the case of a short circuit fault, the current will rise sharply in a very short time, resulting in a high current mutation rate. The voltage mutation rate reflects the speed of voltage change. In the case of a grounding fault, the voltage will drop rapidly, resulting in a significant voltage mutation rate. The harmonic distortion rate reflects the degree of waveform distortion. Certain faults can cause an increase in harmonic components in the waveform, and analysis of the harmonic distortion rate can assist in identifying the fault type. The extraction and analysis of these mutation features provide reliable criteria for accurate fault identification.
[0041] In step S3 of the embodiment, the fault types include short-circuit fault, ground fault and overload fault. Short-circuit fault, ground fault and overload fault are the three most common fault types in power distribution network, and accurate identification of the three fault types can meet the needs of most application scenarios. The characteristics of short-circuit fault are sharp rise of current and large drop of voltage, and both the current mutation rate and the voltage mutation rate are high. The characteristics of ground fault are asymmetric drop of voltage, which may be accompanied by the appearance of zero sequence current. The characteristics of overload fault are that the current continuously exceeds the rated value and the temperature rises significantly, but the mutation rates of current and voltage are relatively low. By setting different discrimination thresholds and logic combinations, accurate differentiation of the three fault types can be achieved.
[0042] The fault event includes fault type identification, fault occurrence timestamp and device unique identification. The fault type identification contained in the fault event enables the operation and maintenance personnel to quickly understand the nature of the fault and take targeted processing measures. The fault occurrence timestamp records the exact time of fault occurrence, which is of great significance for comprehensive analysis of fault information of multiple devices and fault section positioning. By comparing the fault times reported by devices at different positions, the approximate location of the fault point can be inferred. The device unique identification clearly identifies the identity of the device reporting the fault information, facilitating accurate positioning of the fault device and fault line in a multi-device networking system.
[0043] The fault waveform data includes the electrical parameter waveform from 500 ms before the fault occurrence to 1500 ms after the fault occurrence. Recording data 500 ms before the fault occurrence can capture the line state before the fault occurrence and the initial process of the fault, providing important clues for fault cause analysis. Recording data 1500 ms after the fault occurrence can fully reflect the development process of the fault and the change law of electrical parameters, which is helpful for accurate identification of fault types. The total recording time of 2000 ms can cover the complete process of most faults in the power distribution network, avoiding both information loss due to insufficient data and storage and transmission burden caused by excessive recording time.
[0044] Further, in step S3, the method for compressing the fault waveform data includes: Calculating the numerical difference between adjacent sampling points.
[0045] Encoding the numerical difference and storing it in the non-volatile memory.
[0046] The fault waveform data usually has certain continuity and correlation, and the numerical change between adjacent sampling points is relatively small, which provides a theoretical basis for differential compression. By calculating the numerical difference between adjacent sampling points, the original absolute value is converted into a relative change amount. Since the numerical range of the difference value is usually much smaller than the original value, fewer bits can be used for representation, thereby achieving data compression. For example, the original sampling data may need 16 bits for representation, while the difference value may only need 8 bits or even fewer bits to accurately represent, and the compression ratio can reach 50% or even higher.
[0047] Encoding the differential data can further improve the compression efficiency. Common encoding methods include run-length encoding, Huffman encoding, etc. These encoding methods can assign different lengths of encoding according to the frequency of the difference value, and use shorter encoding for difference values with high frequency and longer encoding for difference values with low frequency, thereby reducing the number of bits of the data as a whole. The compressed data is stored in a non-volatile storage unit, and the data can still be saved after the device is powered off or restarted, making the system highly reliable.
[0048] In step S4 of the embodiment, the plurality of communication modes include a first communication mode and a second communication mode. The first communication mode is a low-power long-distance communication mode with a transmission power not greater than 100 mW; and the second communication mode is a high-speed short-distance communication mode with a data transmission rate greater than 250 kbps.
[0049] The first communication mode adopts a low-power long-distance communication technology such as LoRa, etc. This kind of technology has the characteristics of low transmission power, long communication distance, and strong penetration ability, and is suitable for periodic state information reporting and fault alarm information sending under energy limited conditions. The transmission power is not greater than 100 mW, the energy consumption of single communication is small, and the energy reserve requirement of the energy storage unit is not high, so it can work normally even in low energy operation mode. The communication distance is greater than 2 km, which can cover a large range of power distribution network lines, reduce the demand for relay nodes, and reduce the system complexity and construction cost.
[0050] The second communication mode adopts a high-speed short-distance communication technology such as Bluetooth, Zigbee, WiFi, etc. This kind of technology has the characteristics of high data transmission rate and low communication delay, and is suitable for transmitting large capacity fault waveform data. The data transmission rate is greater than 250 kbps, which can complete the transmission of fault waveform data in a short time, reduce the communication occupation time, and improve the real-time performance of the system. The communication distance is 100 m to 500 m, although the coverage range is relatively small, but after the fault occurs, the data transmission can be completed by moving the data acquisition device or relying on the relay of adjacent devices, which meets the uploading demand of fault waveform data.
[0051] Further, the step S4 further comprises: In the daily monitoring state, the first communication mode is used to periodically send state information containing the running state of the device and the current monitoring value.
[0052] Upon detection of a fault trigger, the first communication mode is used to send a fault trigger signal containing the fault type and timestamp.
[0053] After the fault trigger signal is sent, the second communication mode is used to transmit the compressed fault waveform data.
[0054] In the daily monitoring state, the line is in normal operation, and the data to be reported mainly includes the running state parameters of the device and the real-time current monitoring value, which has a small amount of data. The first communication mode is used to periodically send these state information, which can help the monitoring center to real-time master the working state of each device and the load condition of the line, and timely find device faults or abnormalities. On the other hand, since the first communication mode has low power consumption, periodic communication will not cause excessive burden on the energy storage unit, which is conducive to maintaining the long-term stable operation of the device. The interval of periodic transmission can be set according to actual needs, such as sending once every 5 minutes, 10 minutes or 15 minutes, to balance between information real-time and energy consumption.
[0055] When a fault trigger is detected, the system immediately sends a fault trigger signal using the first communication mode, which contains key information such as fault type and timestamp. Since the first communication mode has a long communication distance, the fault trigger signal can be quickly transmitted to the monitoring center, so that the operation and maintenance personnel can know the fault occurrence in the first time and timely start the emergency response process. The data amount of the fault trigger signal is very small, usually only a few bytes to tens of bytes, which can be sent reliably in the case of insufficient energy with fast speed and low energy consumption through the first communication mode.
[0056] After the fault trigger signal is sent, the system switches to the second communication mode to transmit the compressed fault waveform data. At this time, the monitoring center has been informed of the occurrence of the fault through the fault trigger signal, and the transmission of the waveform data can be done later, which does not affect the real-time of the fault alarm. The high-speed transmission capability of the second communication mode enables the compressed waveform data to be transmitted in a short time, although the power consumption of the second communication mode is relatively high, but since the transmission time is short, the total energy consumption is still within an acceptable range. Through this phased and multi-mode communication strategy, fast response of fault alarm and complete transmission of fault waveform are realized.
[0057] In this embodiment, the data transmission of the second communication mode uses a time slot synchronization mechanism, which includes time slot division and clock synchronization.
[0058] The time slot division divides each fault period into multiple time slots, and different time slots are allocated to multiple fault indicators on the same line to avoid data transmission conflicts; wherein the number of time slots contained in a single fault period is 6 to 15.
[0059] The clock synchronization is achieved by periodically broadcasting a clock reference signal through the first communication mode.
[0060] In the application scenario of multi-device networking, multiple fault indicators are deployed on the same line. When the line fails, each device detects the fault almost simultaneously and attempts to send waveform data. If no coordination measures are taken, it will cause mutual interference and collision of data transmission, resulting in data loss. The time slot synchronization mechanism pre-allocates independent time slots to each device, so that each device sends data in its own time slot, avoiding data transmission conflicts and improving the success rate of communication and the reliability of the system.
[0061] The time slot division divides each fault period into multiple time slots, and the number of time slots contained in a single fault period is set to 6 to 15. If the number of time slots is too small, it cannot allocate independent time slots to more devices, and conflicts may still occur; if the number of time slots is too large, it will cause the time of a single time slot to be too short, which may not be able to complete the complete data transmission, and at the same time, it will also prolong the time length of the entire fault period, reducing the real-time performance of the system. The setting of 6 to 15 time slots can meet the device quantity demand in most application scenarios, while ensuring that each time slot has enough time to complete the transmission of waveform data. Each device is allocated a unique time slot number during system installation and configuration, and when a fault is detected, the device waits for its own time slot to start data transmission.
[0062] Clock synchronization is the basis of the time slot synchronization mechanism. Only when the clocks of each device are synchronized can the start and end times of each time slot be accurately determined, and orderly time slot transmission can be achieved. This embodiment implements clock synchronization by periodically broadcasting a clock reference signal through the first communication mode. This method has the advantages of simple implementation and high reliability. The monitoring center or a designated master device periodically broadcasts a clock reference signal containing an accurate time stamp through the first communication mode. After receiving the clock reference signal, each fault indicator corrects the local clock according to the difference between the time stamp in the signal and the reception time, thereby achieving synchronization with the clock reference. Since the coverage of the first communication mode is wide, the clock reference signal can reach all devices, and periodic broadcasting can continuously correct the drift of the clocks of each device, maintaining long-term clock synchronization accuracy. The period of clock synchronization can be set according to the stability of the device clock. Generally, synchronization once every few minutes to tens of minutes can meet the requirements.
[0063] Embodiment Two As Figure 2As shown, the embodiment provides an energy-adaptive fault indicator system, which comprises an energy collection module, an energy storage module, a sensor module, a master control processing module, a local indication module and a communication module.
[0064] The energy collection module comprises a current transformer energy collection unit and a solar energy collection unit, which are used to collect energy from line current and ambient light respectively and output electric energy.
[0065] The current transformer energy collection unit is sleeved on the conductor of the power distribution line. When current flows in the line, an electromotive force is induced in the secondary side of the current transformer according to the principle of electromagnetic induction. After rectification and voltage stabilization, direct current energy is output for system use. The advantage of current transformer energy collection is that it can continuously supply energy as long as there is load current in the line, and it is not affected by external environmental conditions, with high reliability. However, the energy collection power is restricted by the size of the line current. When the line load is light or the line is powered off, the energy collection power will decrease significantly or even be unable to collect energy.
[0066] The solar energy collection unit is composed of a solar panel and a matching power management circuit, which converts solar energy into electric energy by using the photovoltaic effect. The advantage of solar energy collection is that it can provide a larger power output when the light is sufficient, which can effectively supplement the current transformer energy collection. However, solar energy collection is greatly affected by weather and day-night changes, and it is almost impossible to supply energy on rainy days or at night.
[0067] The energy collection module combines current transformer energy collection and solar energy collection to realize the diversification and complementarity of energy sources, improve the stability and reliability of system energy supply, and adapt to different operating environments and working conditions.
[0068] The energy storage module is electrically connected to the energy collection module and comprises a super capacitor. The energy storage module receives and stores the electric energy output by the energy collection module, and provides stable power supply for the functional modules of the system. The super capacitor has the advantages of fast charge and discharge speed, long cycle life, wide working temperature range, etc., and is very suitable for use as an energy storage element of a fault indicator. Compared with traditional lithium batteries, the super capacitor has a short charging time, can quickly absorb the energy generated by the current transformer and solar panel; has a large discharge power, which can meet the instantaneous high-power demand of the system during fault detection and data transmission; has a cycle number of tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands, with a service life much longer than that of lithium batteries, thereby reducing the maintenance cost of the equipment.
[0069] The capacity selection of the super capacitor needs to comprehensively consider the power consumption demand and energy acquisition ability of the system. If the capacity is too small, the energy reserve will be insufficient, and the system may stop working due to energy depletion during the intermittent energy acquisition period. If the capacity is too large, the volume, weight and cost of the device will increase, and the charging time will be too long when the energy acquisition power is limited. In the embodiment, the capacity of the super capacitor is generally selected to be between several farads and several tens of farads, which can store enough energy when the energy is normally acquired, and maintain the continuous work of the system for several hours or even several days.
[0070] The sensor module is electrically connected with the energy storage module, and includes a current sensor, a voltage sensor and a temperature sensor, which are used to collect electrical parameters of the line in real time.
[0071] The current sensor is used to measure the current flowing in the line, and is realized by using a Hall sensor or a current transformer. The range of the current sensor should cover the normal working current and fault current range of the line. For a 10kV distribution line, the range of the current sensor is generally 0 to 1000A or higher, so as to measure the large current during short circuit fault.
[0072] The voltage sensor is used to measure the voltage of the line, and can be realized by using resistance voltage division, voltage transformer or capacitor voltage division. For a medium voltage distribution line, the voltage sensor needs to have high voltage resistance and insulation performance, and the measurement accuracy needs to meet the requirements of fault discrimination.
[0073] The temperature sensor is used to measure the environmental temperature or the temperature of the lead wire at the installation position of the device, and is realized by using a thermistor, a thermocouple or an integrated temperature sensor. The measurement range of the temperature sensor should cover the working environmental temperature of the device, which is generally-40℃ to +85℃, and a wider temperature range may be needed in some special application scenarios. The collection frequency of the temperature data is relatively low compared with the current and voltage, because the temperature changes relatively slowly, and the sampling is usually performed once every few seconds or tens of seconds.
[0074] The main control processing module is electrically connected with the sensor module and the energy storage module, and is used for energy management and fault identification. The main control processing module is the core of the whole system, and is responsible for the functions of system operation control, data collection and processing, fault discrimination, energy management, communication coordination and the like. The main control processing module uses a microcontroller (MCU) as a main control chip, judges the current energy state of the system according to a preset voltage threshold value by monitoring the voltage of the energy storage module, and then divides the system into three operation modes of high energy, medium energy and low energy, and adjusts the parameters of data collection according to the operation mode.
[0075] The main control processing module obtains sampling data of electrical parameters such as current, voltage and temperature from the sensor module, converts the analog signal into a digital signal through a built-in analog-to-digital converter, then performs digital signal processing, extracts fault characteristic parameters such as current mutation rate, voltage mutation rate and harmonic distortion rate, comprehensively analyzes each characteristic parameter, and judges whether a fault has occurred and the type of the fault.
[0076] When it is determined that a fault has occurred, the main control processing module generates a fault event, records information such as fault type identification, fault occurrence timestamp and device unique identification, and at the same time triggers the recording of fault waveform data, and stores the electrical parameter waveform data within a period of time before and after the fault occurrence into a non-volatile storage unit.
[0077] The main control processing module is also responsible for the control of the communication module and the sending and receiving of data, selects a suitable communication mode according to the running state of the system and the type of data, and controls the communication module to send data. In the daily monitoring state, the state information is sent through the first communication mode at regular intervals; when a fault is detected, a fault trigger signal is immediately sent through the first communication mode, and then fault waveform data is sent through the second communication mode. The main control processing module also implements a time slot synchronization mechanism, receives a clock reference signal for clock correction, controls the sending time of data according to the allocated time slot, and avoids data transmission conflicts with other devices.
[0078] The local indication module is electrically connected with the main control processing module and the energy storage module, and is used for displaying a fault according to a fault indication signal. The local indication module receives the fault indication signal sent by the main control processing module, and drives the corresponding display element to display the state. When a fault occurs, even if the communication link cannot upload data due to problems, the local indication module can still provide fault alarm, thereby improving the reliability and practicability of the system.
[0079] The local indication module includes an LED indicator and a buzzer, so that the LED indicator can display the running state and fault information of the device, and the operation and maintenance personnel can quickly understand the state of the device and the line during on-site inspection. The LED indicator is the most commonly used local indication method, which can represent different states and fault information through different colors, flashing frequencies and combination modes. For example, a green constant light indicates that the device is working normally, a red flashing light indicates that a fault is detected, and a yellow flashing light indicates that the device is in a low-energy operation mode. The LED indicator has low power consumption, high reliability, and can be observed at a long distance, and is suitable for outdoor use.
[0080] The communication module is electrically connected with the main control processing module, and is used for receiving and transmitting data. The communication module realizes data communication between the system and the monitoring center or other devices, sends out the collected data and fault information, and receives configuration parameters and control commands issued by the monitoring center.
[0081] The communication module comprises communication circuits and antennas of the first communication mode and the second communication mode, and is capable of switching different communication modes according to the control instruction of the master processing module.
[0082] The fault indicator system further comprises a non-volatile storage unit for buffering fault data that is not uploaded in time.
[0083] The connection and cooperation between the modules of the fault indicator system realize a complete functional chain from energy collection, data collection, fault discrimination, data compression and communication transmission, and form an energy self-adaptive, function-perfect and reliable fault indicator system.
[0084] In summary, the present application realizes energy-aware adaptive data collection by monitoring the voltage of the energy storage unit and dividing different operation modes according to the voltage value, and using data collection parameters matched with the energy state in different operation modes, solves the problems of unreasonable energy management and inflexible data collection strategy.
[0085] Further, the differential compression method is used to process the fault waveform data, so as to reduce the data transmission time and energy consumption.
[0086] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application belong to the scope of the claims of the present application and the equivalent technologies thereof, the present application also intends to include these modifications and variations.
Claims
1. A method of operating an energy-based adaptive fault indicator, comprising: The method comprises the following steps: S1, monitoring the voltage of the energy storage unit, and dividing the operation mode of the fault indicator system according to the voltage value; S2, collecting the electrical parameters of the line in different operation modes, and analyzing the mutation characteristics of the electrical parameters; S3, judging whether a fault occurs and the fault type according to the mutation characteristics, generating a fault event and recording fault waveform data when a fault is determined, and compressing the fault waveform data; S4, selecting different communication modes to transmit data according to the operation state of the fault indicator system.
2. The energy-adaptive fault indicator operating method of claim 1, wherein, In step S1, the fault indicator system is divided into high-energy operation mode, medium-energy operation mode and low-energy operation mode by detecting the voltage value of the super capacitor in the energy storage unit; When the voltage value of the super capacitor is greater than or equal to 4.5V, the system is in the high-energy operation mode; When 3.6V≤the voltage value of the super capacitor<4.5V, the system is in the medium-energy operation mode; When 3.0V≤the voltage value of the super capacitor<3.6V, the system is in the low-energy operation mode.
3. The energy-adaptive fault indicator operating method of claim 2, wherein, In step S2, different operation modes correspond to different data acquisition parameters, and the data acquisition parameters include sampling rate; In the high-energy operation mode, the sampling rate is 5kHz; In the medium-energy operation mode, the sampling rate is 1kHz; In the low-energy operation mode, the sampling rate is 400Hz.
4. The energy-adaptive fault indicator operating method of claim 3, wherein, In step S2, the electrical parameters include line current, line voltage and environmental temperature; and the mutation characteristics include current mutation rate, voltage mutation rate and harmonic distortion rate.
5. The energy-adaptive fault indicator operating method of claim 1, wherein, In step S3, the fault types include short circuit fault, ground fault and overload fault; The fault event includes fault type identification, fault occurrence timestamp and device unique identification; The fault waveform data includes the electrical parameter waveform from 500ms before the fault occurs to 1500ms after the fault occurs.
6. The energy-adaptive fault indicator operating method of claim 5, wherein, In step S3, the method for compressing the fault waveform data comprises: Calculating the numerical difference between adjacent sampling points; Encoding the numerical difference and storing it in the non-volatile memory.
7. The energy-adaptive fault indicator operating method of claim 1, wherein, In step S4, the plurality of communication modes includes a first communication mode and a second communication mode; The first communication mode is a low-power long-distance communication mode, the transmission power is not greater than 100mW, and the communication distance is greater than 2km; The second communication mode is a high-speed short-distance communication mode, the data transmission rate is greater than 250kbps, and the communication distance is 100m to 500m.
8. The energy-adaptive fault indicator operating method of claim 7, wherein, The step S4 further comprises: In the daily monitoring state, the first communication mode is used to periodically send state information containing device operation state and current monitoring value; When a fault trigger is detected, the first communication mode is used to send a fault trigger signal containing fault type and timestamp; After the fault trigger signal is sent, the second communication mode is used to transmit the compressed fault waveform data.
9. The energy-adaptive fault indicator operating method of claim 8, wherein, The data transmission of the second communication mode adopts a time slot synchronization mechanism, and the time slot synchronization mechanism includes time slot division and clock synchronization; The time slot division divides each fault period into multiple time slots, and different time slots are allocated to multiple fault indicators on the same line to avoid data transmission conflicts; Wherein, the number of time slots contained in a single fault period is 6 to 15; The clock synchronization is achieved by periodically broadcasting a clock reference signal through the first communication mode.
10. An energy-adaptive fault indicator system, comprising: Comprise: An energy harvesting module comprising a current transformer energy extraction unit and a solar energy harvesting unit for harvesting energy from line current and ambient light respectively and outputting electrical energy; An energy storage module electrically connected to the energy harvesting module, comprising a super capacitor; A sensor module electrically connected to the energy storage module, comprising a current sensor, a voltage sensor and a temperature sensor for real-time acquisition of electrical parameters of the line; A main control processing module electrically connected to the sensor module and the energy storage module for energy management and fault identification; A local indication module electrically connected to the main control processing module and the energy storage module for fault display according to the fault indication signal; A communication module electrically connected to the main control processing module for receiving and transmitting data.