Multi-domain differential sending device and method of sensor group

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-domain differential sending device and method for a sensor group, and belongs to the field of intelligent control, the device comprises the sensor group and a multi-domain differential controller, time domain differential sending of the sensor group is achieved through data identification codes of sensors, and when time domain difference cannot meet the delay requirement, the multi-domain differential controller sends the time domain difference to the sensor group. A sensor group is grouped through a multi-domain differential controller, different physical addresses, transmission frequencies or data frame formats are allocated to each group of sensors, the difference of physical domains, frequency domains and data frame formats among the sensor groups is realized, and then time domain difference is performed in the same group of sensors. Therefore, multi-domain differential transmission of the sensor sensing data is realized, conflict or loss of data transmission is avoided, and the reliability of data transmission is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of intelligent control, and more specifically, relates to a multi-domain differential transmission device and method for a group of sensors. Background Technology

[0002] Safety risk factors in production and daily life scenarios are characterized by multiple sources and multiple parameters. Because smart sensors with the same parameters have the same hardware and software, a large number of multi-parameter smart sensors in various applications send data conflicts, resulting in the loss of data received by the backend.

[0003] To prevent data transmission conflicts and loss, redundant data receiving devices are often deployed, which reduces the risk of data loss but increases data duplication and consumes data analysis and storage resources.

[0004] Modern information technology, based on the Internet of Things and edge computing, enables intelligent equipment, and the resulting surge in demand has spurred the mass production of intelligent equipment. For intelligent sensors in the digital age, achieving differential data transmission from a group of similar-parameter intelligent sensors deployed across different scenarios, without sacrificing mass production capabilities, is of great significance for safety production risk prevention and control. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned deficiencies or improvement needs of existing technologies, this invention provides a multi-domain differential transmission device and method for sensor clusters, which enables real-time differential transmission of sensing data from intelligent sensors with similar parameters deployed in batches in the same scene, thereby ensuring safety risk prevention and control and achieving safe production.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, according to a first aspect of the present invention, a multi-domain differential transmission device for a sensor group is provided, comprising a sensor group and a multi-domain differential controller; The sensor group is placed in the same monitoring scene. Each sensor i includes: a sensing unit for sensing the real-time status of at least one type of monitoring parameter; a data identification and coding unit for adding a data identification code to the sensing data to obtain identification data; a control unit and a wireless transmission unit, wherein the control unit is used to control the wireless transmission unit to transmit the identification data; i=1,2,…,M, where M is the size of the sensor group; The multi-domain differential controller includes: The first processing unit is used to monitor the initial delay τ of the sensor with the largest data identification code within the monitoring scene. i When the delay is less than T, let each sensor i follow its initial delay τ. i The identification data is transmitted wirelessly with a delay; otherwise, the second processing unit is activated. The sensor's data identification code includes the sensor number in the monitoring scenario; the difference between any two adjacent sensor numbers is N; and the initial delay τ for each sensor i. iIts control unit determines the value C based on the difference between its own data identifier code and the minimum data identifier code in the monitoring scene. i Calculations show that τ i =(C i / N)×Δt, where Δt is the unit delay, 1us≤Δt≤int(T / M)us, and T is the time it takes for the sensor to generate, encode, and wirelessly transmit sensing data in a single operation; The second processing unit is used to divide the sensor group into P groups when the initial delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in the monitoring scene is not less than T, and to randomly select a differential code type from the differential code set and assign different differential codes under that differential code type to the sensors in the P groups, and update the delay of each sensor in the P groups; determine whether there is a sensor group p in the P groups, and the delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in the sensor group p is not less than T; if not, then instruct each sensor in the P groups to wirelessly transmit the identification data with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency or data frame format corresponding to the assigned differential code; if yes, then start the third processing unit. The differential code set includes a physical address code, a frequency code, and a data frame format code; the physical address code, frequency code, and data frame format code are used to characterize the carrier channel, transmission frequency, and data frame format for wirelessly transmitting sensing data, respectively. The third processing unit is used to perform the first operation or the second operation; The first operation is to increase the value of P to re-divide the sensor group into P groups until the update delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in each sensor group in the re-divided P groups is less than T. Then, each sensor in the re-divided P groups is instructed to wirelessly transmit the identification data with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency or data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code. The second operation is as follows: All sensors in sensor group P, except for sensor group p, are instructed to wirelessly transmit the identification data with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, or data frame format corresponding to the assigned differential code. The differential code type selected by the second processing unit is removed from the differential code type set. Sensor group p is divided into Q groups. A differential code type is randomly selected from the updated differential code set, and different differential codes under that differential code type are assigned to the sensors in group Q. The update delay of each sensor in group Q is determined. It is then determined whether sensor group q exists in group Q, and the delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in sensor group q is not less than T. If not, each sensor in group Q is instructed to wirelessly transmit the identification data with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, or data frame format corresponding to the assigned differential code. If yes, the fourth processing unit is activated. The fourth processing unit is used to perform a third or fourth operation on the sensor group q; The third operation is to increase the value of Q to re-divide the sensor group into Q groups until the update delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in each sensor group in the re-divided Q group is less than T. Then, each sensor in the re-divided Q group is instructed to wirelessly transmit the identification data with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency or data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code. The fourth operation is as follows: The sensors in group Q, excluding sensor group q, transmit the identification data wirelessly with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, or data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code; the differential code type selected by the third processing unit is removed from the differential code type set; sensor group q is divided into R groups; different differential codes under the remaining differential code types in the updated differential code set are allocated to the R sensor groups; the update delay of each sensor in group R is determined; it is then determined whether there is a sensor group r in group R, and the sensor with the largest data identification code in sensor group r is identified. If the delay is not less than T, then each sensor in group R transmits the identification data wirelessly with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency and data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code; if so, then the value of R is increased to re-divide the sensor group into R groups until the update delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in each sensor group of the re-divided R groups is less than T, and then each sensor in the re-divided R groups transmits the identification data wirelessly with a delay according to the carrier channel, transmission frequency and data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code. The update delay τ of any sensor in any group of sensors is calculated by the control unit of that sensor based on the difference C between its own data identifier code and the smallest data identifier code in the group, τ=(C / N)×Δt; p∈{1,2,…,P}, q∈{1,2,…,Q}, r∈{1,2,…,R}.

[0007] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a multi-domain differential transmission method for a sensor group is provided, wherein the sensor group is placed in the same monitoring scene, and each sensor i includes: a sensing unit for sensing the real-time status of at least one type of monitoring parameter; a data identification and coding unit for adding a data identification code to the sensing data to obtain identification data; a control unit and a wireless transmission unit, wherein the control unit is used to control the wireless transmission unit to transmit the identification data; i = 1, 2, ..., M, where M is the size of the sensor group; the method includes: S1, determine the initial delay τ of the sensor with the largest data identifier code in the monitoring scene. i If the delay is less than T, then let each sensor i follow the initial delay τ. iThe identification data is transmitted wirelessly with a delay; otherwise, proceed to S2. The sensor's data identification code includes the sensor number in the monitoring scenario; the difference between any two adjacent sensor numbers is N; and the initial delay τ for each sensor i. i Its control unit determines the value C based on the difference between its own data identifier code and the minimum data identifier code in the monitoring scene. i Calculations show that τ i =(C i / N)×Δt, where Δt is the unit delay, 1us≤Δt≤int(T / M)us, and T is the time it takes for the sensor to generate, encode, and wirelessly transmit sensing data in a single operation; S2, construct a differential code type set including physical address code, frequency code, and data frame format code; divide the sensor group into P groups; randomly select a differential code type from the differential code set; assign different differential codes under that differential code type to the sensors in the P groups; update the delay of each sensor in the P groups; determine whether there is a sensor group p in the P groups, where the delay of the sensor with the largest data identifier code in the sensor group p is not less than T; if not, have each sensor in the P groups wirelessly transmit the identifier data with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, or data frame format corresponding to the assigned differential code; if yes, proceed to S3; S3, increase the value of P to re-divide the sensor group into P groups until the update delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in each sensor group in the re-divided P groups is less than T. Then, let each sensor in the re-divided P groups wirelessly transmit the identification data with delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency or data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code. Alternatively, have the sensors in group P (excluding sensor group p) wirelessly transmit the identification data with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, or data frame format corresponding to the assigned differential code; remove the differential code type selected in S2 from the differential code type set, divide sensor group p into Q groups, randomly select a differential code type from the updated differential code set, and assign different differential codes under that differential code type to the sensors in group Q, with each sensor in group Q updating with a delay; determine whether there is a sensor group q in group Q, where the delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in sensor group q is not less than T; if not, have each sensor in group Q wirelessly transmit the identification data with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, or data frame format corresponding to the assigned differential code; if yes, proceed to S4; S4, increase the value of Q to re-divide the sensor group into Q groups until the update delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in each sensor group in the re-divided Q group is less than T. Then, let each sensor in the re-divided Q group wirelessly transmit the identification data with delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency or data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code. Alternatively, other sensors in sensor group Q, excluding sensor group q, can wirelessly transmit identification data with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, or data frame format corresponding to the assigned differential code; the differential code type selected in S3 is removed from the differential code type set; sensor group q is divided into R groups; different differential codes under the remaining differential code types in the updated differential code set are assigned to the R sensor groups; the update delay of each sensor in group R is determined; it is determined whether there is a sensor group r in group R, and the delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in sensor group r is not... If the delay is less than T, then each sensor in group R transmits the identification data wirelessly with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, and data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code. If the delay is less than T, then the value of R is increased to re-divide the sensor group into R groups until the update delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in each sensor group of the re-divided R groups is less than T. Then, each sensor in the re-divided R groups transmits the identification data wirelessly with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, and data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code. The update delay τ of any sensor in any group of sensors is calculated by the control unit of that sensor based on the difference C between its own data identifier code and the smallest data identifier code in the group, τ=(C / N)×Δt; p∈{1,2,…,P}, q∈{1,2,…,Q}, r∈{1,2,…,R}.

[0008] In summary, compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solutions conceived by this invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: The multi-domain differential transmission device for sensor groups provided by this invention realizes time-domain differential transmission of sensor groups through sensor data identification codes. When time-domain differential transmission cannot meet the delay requirements, the sensor group is grouped by a multi-domain differential controller, and different physical addresses, transmission frequencies or data frame formats are assigned to each group of sensors to realize the differential of physical domain, frequency domain and data frame format between sensor groups. Then, time-domain differential transmission is performed within the same group of sensors, thereby realizing multi-domain differential transmission of sensor sensing data, avoiding data transmission conflicts or loss, and thus improving the reliability of data transmission.

[0009] As a further preferred embodiment, the sensor provided by the present invention also includes first to fourth hardware encoders. The first to fourth hardware encoders can quickly set the sensor's data identification code, physical address code, frequency code, and data frame format code, thereby improving the sensor's versatility in various monitoring scenarios and making it suitable for small-batch sensor manufacturing.

[0010] Considering that the first to fourth hardware encoders occupy a large number of pins in the sensor control unit, as a further preferred solution, the sensor's data identification code, physical address code, frequency code, and data frame format code are directly written to the sensor control unit through programming. This can reduce the encoder hardware around the sensor and is suitable for mass production of sensors. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is one of the schematic diagrams of a smart sensor provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a second schematic diagram of a smart sensor provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the programming process provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the mapping of field → encoded bit address → encoded value → differential value provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the workflow of the intelligent sensor provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0012] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0013] Similar smart sensors share the same wireless data transmission characteristics. When a large number of identical smart sensors are deployed in the same scene, simultaneous activation can lead to data transmission conflicts and data loss in the background. To prevent data loss, redundancy is often implemented. Data loss increases the risk of data-driven production quality and safety management, while redundancy introduces unnecessary data duplication, resulting in data management difficulties and resource consumption.

[0014] Based on this, embodiments of the present invention provide a multi-domain differential transmission device for a sensor group, including a sensor group and a multi-domain differential controller; The sensor group is placed in the same monitoring scene, and each sensor is an intelligent sensor, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes: a sensing unit for sensing the real-time status of monitoring parameters; a data identification and coding unit for adding a data identification code to the sensing data to obtain identification data; a control unit and a wireless transmission unit, wherein the control unit is used to control the wireless transmission unit to transmit the identification data; i=1,2,…,M, where M is the size of the sensor group; M is an integer greater than 1; The multi-domain differential controller includes: The first processing unit is used to monitor the initial delay τ of the sensor with the largest data identification code within the monitoring scene. i When the delay is less than T, let each sensor i follow its initial delay τ. i The identification data is transmitted wirelessly with a delay; otherwise, the second processing unit is activated. The sensor's data identification code includes the sensor number in the monitoring scenario; the difference between any two adjacent sensor numbers is N (N is any positive number); and the initial delay τ of each sensor i... i Its control unit determines the value C based on the difference between its own data identifier code and the minimum data identifier code in the monitoring scene. i Calculations show that τ i =(C i / N)×Δt, where Δt is the unit delay, 1us≤Δt≤int(T / M)us, and T is the time it takes for the sensor to generate, encode, and wirelessly transmit sensing data in a single operation; The second processing unit is used to divide the sensor group into P groups when the initial delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in the monitoring scene is not less than T, and to randomly select a differential code type from the differential code set and assign different differential codes under that differential code type to the sensors in the P groups, and update the delay of each sensor in the P groups; determine whether there is a sensor group p in the P groups, and the delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in the sensor group p is not less than T; if not, then instruct each sensor in the P groups to wirelessly transmit the identification data with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency or data frame format corresponding to the assigned differential code; if yes, then start the third processing unit. The differential code set includes a physical address code, a frequency code, and a data frame format code; the physical address code, frequency code, and data frame format code are used to characterize the carrier channel, transmission frequency, and data frame format for wirelessly transmitting sensing data, respectively. The third processing unit is used to perform the first operation or the second operation; The first operation is as follows: Increase the value of P to re-divide the sensor group into P groups. Each sensor in the P group updates its delay. Then, determine whether the update delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in each sensor group of the P group is less than T. If so, have each sensor in the re-divided P group wirelessly transmit the identification data with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, or data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code. Otherwise, continue to increase the value of P until the update delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in each sensor group of the re-divided P group is less than T. Then, have each sensor in the re-divided P group wirelessly transmit the identification data with a delay according to the carrier channel, transmission frequency, or data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code. The second operation is as follows: All sensors in sensor group P, except for sensor group p, are instructed to wirelessly transmit the identification data with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, or data frame format corresponding to the assigned differential code. The differential code type selected by the second processing unit is removed from the differential code type set. Sensor group p is divided into Q groups. A differential code type is randomly selected from the updated differential code set, and different differential codes under that differential code type are assigned to the sensors in group Q. The update delay of each sensor in group Q is determined. It is then determined whether sensor group q exists in group Q, and the delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in sensor group q is not less than T. If not, each sensor in group Q is instructed to wirelessly transmit the identification data with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, or data frame format corresponding to the assigned differential code. If yes, the fourth processing unit is activated. The fourth processing unit is used to perform a third or fourth operation on the sensor group q; The third operation is as follows: Increase the value of Q to re-divide the sensor group into Q groups. Each sensor in the Q group updates its delay. Then, determine again that the update delay of the sensor with the largest data identifier code in each sensor group of the Q group is less than T. If so, have each sensor in the re-divided Q group wirelessly transmit the identifier data with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, or data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code. Otherwise, continue to increase the value of Q until the update delay of the sensor with the largest data identifier code in each sensor group of the re-divided Q group is less than T. Then, have each sensor in the re-divided Q group wirelessly transmit the identifier data with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, or data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code. The fourth operation is as follows: All sensors in sensor group Q, except sensor group q, transmit the identification data wirelessly with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, or data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code; the differential code type selected by the third processing unit is removed from the differential code type set; sensor group q is divided into R groups; different differential codes under the remaining differential code types in the updated differential code set are allocated to the R sensor groups; each sensor in group R updates its delay; it is determined whether sensor group r exists in group R, and the delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in sensor group r is not less than T; if not, each sensor in group R transmits the identification data wirelessly with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, and data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code. If yes, increase the value of R to re-divide the sensor group into R groups. The update delay of each sensor in the R groups is then checked again to see if the update delay of the sensor with the largest data identifier code in each of the R groups is less than T. If yes, then each sensor in the re-divided R groups transmits the identifier data wirelessly with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, or data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code. Otherwise, continue to increase the value of R until the update delay of the sensor with the largest data identifier code in each of the re-divided R groups is less than T. Then, each sensor in the re-divided R groups transmits the identifier data wirelessly with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, and data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code. The update delay τ of any sensor in any group of sensors is calculated by the control unit of that sensor based on the difference C between its own data identifier code and the smallest data identifier code in the group, τ=(C / N)×Δt; p∈{1,2,…,P}, q∈{1,2,…,Q}, r∈{1,2,…,R}, where P, Q, and R are all integers greater than 1.

[0015] Preferably, the sensor further includes a data analysis and evaluation unit and a parameter status warning unit; The data analysis and evaluation unit is used to generate an early warning message and send it to the control unit when the perceived data exceeds the threshold. The control unit is also used to control the parameter status warning unit to provide audible and visual warnings when the warning information is received.

[0016] Specifically, the sensor provided by this invention is an intelligent sensor integrating sensing, analysis, early warning, data identification, and data transmission functions. The control unit of the intelligent sensor pre-stores the mapping relationship between physical address codes and physical addresses (i.e., carrier channels), the mapping relationship between frequency codes and frequencies (i.e., transmission frequencies), and the mapping relationship between data frame format codes and data frame formats. This control unit controls the wireless transmission unit to transmit the sensed data with added data identification codes according to its own delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, or data frame format corresponding to the physical address code, frequency code, or data frame format code allocated by the multi-domain differential controller. The sensing unit of the intelligent sensor senses the real-time status of monitoring parameters through sensitive elements, and the sensing unit can sense at least one type of monitoring parameter.

[0017] The control unit of the smart sensor is also used to calculate the data transmission delay time and control the wireless transmission unit to transmit the sensed data with added data identification code after a delay. It is worth noting that in this invention, "scene" refers to the collective term for production and living activities and their locations.

[0018] The physical address is the physical channel for wireless data transmission, i.e., the physical address in wireless communication. It can be understood as a carrier channel, with different carrier channels having different carrier frequencies; it is also the physical address for the data receiving device to receive data.

[0019] The frequency refers to the frequency at which data is transmitted wirelessly, i.e., the signal transmission rate: baud rate; it is also the frequency at which the data receiving device receives data.

[0020] The data frame format is the data length in the data wireless transmission protocol, and it is also the data frame format protocol for the data receiving device to receive data.

[0021] Preferably, each of the sensors further includes a first to a fourth encoder; the first to fourth encoders are all hardware encoders; The first encoder is used to set the data identification code of the smart sensor; The second to fourth encoders are used to set the physical address code, frequency code, and data frame format code of the smart sensor, respectively.

[0022] Preferably, the second to fourth hardware encoders use the same hardware encoder.

[0023] like Figure 2 As shown, the control unit of the smart sensor is connected to four encoders, which are used for setting the sensor's data identifier, the physical address for data transmission, the frequency, and the data frame format, respectively. That is, before the smart sensor is powered on, the data identifier code, physical address code, frequency code, and data frame format code can be set via the first to fourth hardware encoders.

[0024] The encoding of the first hardware encoder is used as the data identifier code of the smart sensor, and the number of bits of the first hardware encoder is... x The number of intelligent sensors M within the monitored scene should be determined based on the following: x = int(ln(M) / ln2) , that is, M≤2 x .

[0025] The second to fourth hardware encoders can choose to share a single hardware encoder or each use its own hardware encoder to achieve differential physical address, frequency, and data frame format; when sharing a single hardware encoder, the differential types... y With encoder bit depth x The relationship is: y=2 x For example, when the second to fourth hardware encoders share a single 2-bit encoder, corresponding to 2 2 =4 groups of physical addresses, frequencies, and data frame formats.

[0026] When the first to fourth hardware encoders each use a single hardware encoder, their respective differential types... y With encoder bit depth x It also conforms to the relational formula. y=2 x For example, when the first hardware encoder is selected as 8-bit, it can handle 2... 8 =256 smart sensors are assigned identification codes and the data is transmitted in the time domain differentially.

[0027] When the first to fourth encoders are all hardware encoders, the intelligent encoder provided in this embodiment of the invention uses the encoder hardware peripheral as a multi-domain differential device. In application, data identification codes, physical address codes, frequency codes, and data format codes are set through the first to fourth encoders. Parameter-sensitive elements are deployed and connected to the intelligent sensor. Then, the power is turned on, and the intelligent sensor begins to work. The control unit of the intelligent sensor recognizes the multi-domain encoding, forming the physical address, transmission frequency, and data frame format for wireless data transmission. Based on the data identification code, it calculates the delay time for its own wireless data transmission. The control unit reads the real-time data of parameter status perception, analyzes and evaluates whether the real-time data exceeds the limits. If it exceeds the limits, it issues an audible and visual warning, and simultaneously adds the data identification code before the data to form identification data, driving the wireless module to transmit data according to the multi-domain differential method.

[0028] To reduce the amount of encoder hardware surrounding the smart sensors, the data identification codes of each sensor, as well as the physical address codes, frequency codes, and data frame format codes assigned by the multi-domain differential controller, can be directly written to the control unit (such as a PLC) of each smart sensor via programming. That is, preferably, the multi-domain differential transmission device provided by this invention also includes a programmer for programming the data identification codes of each sensor, as well as the physical address codes, frequency codes, and data frame format codes assigned by the multi-domain differential controller, to the control unit of each smart sensor. Taking the programming of M smart sensors numbered 1, 2, ..., M as an example, the programming process is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, it includes: The system acquires the data identification code of the smart sensor to be programmed, as well as the physical address code, frequency code, and data frame format code assigned by the multi-domain differential controller. It then sets the data identification code, physical address code, frequency code, and data frame format code through the first to fourth hardware sensors, driving the programmer to program the PLC of the smart sensor controller and complete the programming of a large batch of intelligent multi-domain differential parameter smart sensors.

[0029] That is, when using a small batch (e.g., fewer than 100 encoders) of smart sensors in the same monitoring scenario, differential encoding is directly implemented through hardware encoders to form encoder-type multi-domain differential smart sensors; when using a large batch (e.g., more than 100 encoders) of smart sensors, the multi-domain differential code is directly written into the built-in program of the smart sensor to form a program-type multi-domain differential smart sensor.

[0030] Establish encoder encoding and physical domain Ω w Frequency domain Ω F Data frame format Ω L The mapping relationship is established and the mapping relationship is pre-stored in the control unit of the smart sensor.

[0031] When using a 2-bit encoder, the mapping from field → encoded bit address → encoded value → difference value is as follows: Figure 4 As shown. The differential values ​​correspond to groups whose physical domain is address, frequency domain is frequency, and data frame format is data length.

[0032] In the physical domain, when using a 2-bit encoder for differential operation, the 2-bit encoder is connected to the corresponding PLC pin of the control unit, such as B0 and B1. The combination of their codes forms the encoded values: 00, 01, 10, 11, which correspond to 4 sets of addresses in the built-in program, such as the a1 set of addresses B3H and B2HB1H.

[0033] In the frequency domain, when using a 2-bit differential encoder, the 2-bit encoder is connected to the corresponding PLC pins of the control unit, such as B2 and B3. Their encoding combinations form the encoded values: 00, 01, 10, 11, corresponding to four sets of frequencies in the built-in program. f Group 1 frequency 250kHz.

[0034] Data frame format field. When using a 2-bit encoder in differential mode, the two-bit encoder is connected to the corresponding pins of the PLC in the control unit, such as B4 and B5. Their coding combinations form coding values: 00, 01, 10, 11, corresponding to 4 groups of formats in the built-in program, such as l Group 1 format: 22-bit chord-type sensor frequency and frequency modulus data format, as shown in Table 1: Table 1 Data Frame Format Table

[0035] When the data identification code adopts the combination of parameter type + sensor number, the 2-bit parameter type encoder and the 8-bit sensor number encoder are connected to the corresponding pins of the PLC in the control unit, corresponding to 2 2 = 4 types of parameter types, and 2 8 = 256 for sensor numbers.

[0036] The wireless transmission data delay of intelligent sensors within the same monitoring scenario or within the same sensor group is calculated by the control unit of the intelligent sensor according to the data identification code of the intelligent sensor. In this monitoring scenario or this sensor group, the wireless transmission data delay τ of the intelligent sensor with the smallest data identification code is 0 us. As the data identification code increases, the delay τ of the intelligent sensor increases by Δt (us) in sequence.

[0037] When the number of parameter intelligent sensors in the scenario is M, the delay increment Δt should satisfy: 1 us ≤ Δt ≤ int(T / M) us. T is the time for the sensor to complete the generation, coding, and wireless transmission of the sensed data once without delay. The T of mass-produced intelligent sensors is the same.

[0038] The wireless transmission data within the monitoring scenario should be evenly transmitted. For M intelligent sensors in the same monitoring scenario, taking their numbers as 1, 2, …, M as an example, when the delay increment Δt between intelligent sensors, the maximum delay τ for the parameter intelligent sensors to send data within the scenario max = (M - 1)Δt, and it should satisfy τ < T. Otherwise, the multi-domain differential controller should perform differential operations on the physical domain, frequency domain, or data frame format of the wireless transmission data of the intelligent sensor, and then perform time-domain differential. That is, as the number of parameter intelligent sensors in the scenario increases, the wireless transmission data delay τ of the intelligent sensor with the largest data identification code will continuously increase. When τ > T, the sensor grouping should be performed by the multi-domain differential controller. First, perform differential operations on the physical domain, and / or frequency domain, and / or data frame format between groups, and then perform time-domain differential within the group. That is, the control unit of the intelligent sensor delays the wireless transmission of the identified data according to the physical address, frequency, and data format. The working process of the sensor and the multi-domain differential controller is further explained below with a specific example.

[0039] The monitoring scenario is a residential building. The safety risks of the residential building include the risk of building collapse, the risk of local damage and failure, the risk of residents being poisoned and suffocated, and the risk of fire. The indicators of local damage risk in the residential building are the tilt of room columns, beam deflection and cracks. The indicators of poisoning and suffocation risk in the room are kitchen gas leaks, smoke spread and the release of toxic and harmful gases. Therefore, a total of 120 parameter sensors are deployed to monitor tilt angle, displacement, smoke, gas, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide as monitoring parameters. The monitoring is carried out by intelligent sensors. The sensing unit of the intelligent sensor can sense at least one type of monitoring parameter. For example, if the sensing unit can only sense one type of monitoring parameter, then at least one smart sensor can be deployed for each type of monitoring parameter. For instance, 20 smart sensors can be used to simultaneously sense tilt angle at different locations, 20 smart sensors can be used to simultaneously sense flue gas at different locations, 40 smart sensors can be used to simultaneously sense combustible gas at different locations, 20 smart sensors can be used to simultaneously sense carbon monoxide at different locations, and 20 smart sensors can be used to simultaneously sense hydrogen sulfide at different locations. If the sensing unit can sense multiple types of monitoring parameters, smart sensors can also be deployed separately for sensing parameters related to localized damage risk in residential buildings (i.e., simultaneously sensing tilt angle, ...). Intelligent sensors can be used for displacement sensing and for sensing parameters related to resident poisoning, asphyxiation, and fire risks (i.e., intelligent sensors that simultaneously sense smoke, gas, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide). For example, 60 intelligent sensors can be used to simultaneously sense tilt angle and displacement at different locations, or 60 intelligent sensors can be used to simultaneously sense smoke, gas, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide at different locations. To facilitate mass production of intelligent sensors, a single intelligent sensor can be integrated to simultaneously sense all the above-mentioned risk characteristic parameters, i.e., 120 intelligent sensors can be used to simultaneously sense tilt angle, displacement, smoke, gas, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide at different locations.

[0040] First, set the data identification codes for these 120 sensors. The data identification codes are the numbers of the sensors in the monitoring scenario. For example, if the numbers of these 120 sensors are set to 0001, 0002, 0003, ..., 0120, then the corresponding data identification codes for these 120 sensors are 0001, 0002, 0003, ..., 0120.

[0041] Then, the control unit of each sensor i calculates the difference C between its own data identifier code and the minimum data identifier code in the monitoring scene. i Calculate its own delay.

[0042] The first processing unit of the multi-domain differential controller obtains the delay of each sensor i (i=1,2,…,120) to determine whether the delay of the sensor with the largest data identifier code in the monitoring scene is less than T. If so, it instructs each sensor i to adjust its delay according to its own delay τ. i Delayed wireless transmission of sensed data with added data identification codes; If not, the second processing unit of the multi-domain differential controller constructs a differential code type set including physical address code, frequency code, and data frame format code, and divides the sensor group into P groups (taking P=6 as an example; for ease of calculation, the above 100 sensors are arranged in coding order and divided into 6 groups, i.e., the first group is sensors 0001~0020, the second group is sensors 0021~0040, the third group is 0041~0060, the fourth group is 0061~0080, and the fifth group is 0081~0100). A differential code type is then selected from the differential code set. Taking the differential code type as the physical address code as an example, different physical address codes are assigned to 6 groups of sensors. Then, each sensor j (j=1,2,…,20) in the p-th (p=1,2,…,6) group updates its own delay. It is determined whether the delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in each of the 6 groups of sensors is less than T. If so, each sensor j in the 6 groups of sensors transmits the sensed data with added data identification code wirelessly according to the updated delay and the carrier channel corresponding to the assigned physical address code. If not (assuming the delay of the sensor with the largest data identifier code in the first group of these 6 sensors is greater than T), then the third processing unit performs either the first operation or the second operation: The first operation is as follows: Increase the value of P, for example, update P=6 to P=7 (if it is not divisible, the number of the last sensor group can be flexibly adjusted), regroup, assign physical address codes and update the delay, and then determine again whether the delay of the sensor with the largest data identifier code in each sensor group is less than T. If so, let each sensor in each regrouped sensor group transmit the sensed data with added data identifier codes wirelessly according to the updated delay and the carrier channel corresponding to the assigned physical address code (i.e., each sensor in each sensor group transmits the sensed data with added data identifier codes wirelessly according to the updated delay and the carrier channel corresponding to the assigned physical address code); if not, update P=7 to P=8, regroup, assign physical address codes and update the delay until the delay of the sensor with the largest data identifier code in each regrouped sensor group is less than T, and then let each sensor in each regrouped sensor group transmit the sensed data with added data identifier codes wirelessly according to the updated delay and the carrier channel corresponding to the assigned physical address code. The second operation is as follows: The sensors in the six groups of sensors divided by the second processing unit, excluding the first group, wirelessly transmit the sensed data with added data identification codes according to the updated delay and the carrier channel corresponding to the assigned physical address code. Then, the third processing unit removes the differential code type (i.e., physical address code) selected by the second processing unit from the differential code type set, divides the first group of sensors into Q groups (taking Q=5 as an example), and randomly selects a differential code type from the updated differential code set, for example, a data frame format code. Assign different data frame format codes to these 5 sensor groups; for each sensor k (k=1,2,…,4) in the q-th (q=1,2,…,5) group, update its own delay, determine whether the delay of the sensor with the largest data identifier code in each of these 5 sensor groups is less than T. If so, then let each of these 5 sensor groups wirelessly transmit the sensed data with added data identifier codes according to the updated delay, the data frame format corresponding to the assigned data frame format code, and the carrier channel corresponding to the assigned physical address code. It is understandable that there may be multiple sensor groups among the above 6 sensor groups. If the delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in each of these multiple sensor groups is less than T, then the third processing unit will operate on each of these multiple sensor groups as the operation object when performing the second operation. (For example, if the delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in the 1st and 3rd groups of the above 6 sensor groups is greater than T, then when performing the second operation, the third processing unit will instruct the other sensors in the 6 sensor groups divided by the second processing unit, excluding the 1st and 3rd groups, to wirelessly transmit the sensed data with added data identification codes according to the updated delay and the carrier channel corresponding to the assigned physical address code; then, the third processing unit will delete the differential code type (i.e., physical address code) selected by the second processing unit from the differential code type set, and divide the 1st and 3rd groups of sensors into Q groups (taking Q=5 as an example), from the more...) Choose any differential code type from the new differential code set, such as a data frame format code, and assign different data frame format codes to these 10 sensor groups; update the delay of each sensor k (k=1,2,…,4) in the q-th (q=1,2,…,10) sensor group, and determine whether the delay of the sensor with the largest data identifier code in each of these 10 sensor groups is less than T. If so, then let each sensor in these 10 sensor groups wirelessly transmit the sensed data with added data identifier codes according to the updated delay, the data frame format corresponding to the assigned data frame format code, and the carrier channel corresponding to the assigned physical address code. If not (assuming the delay of the sensor with the largest data identifier code in the second group of these 5 sensors is greater than T), then the fourth processing unit performs either the third or fourth operation: The third operation is as follows: Increase the value of Q to re-divide the sensor group into Q groups. Each sensor in the Q group has an update delay. Then, determine again whether the update delay of the sensor with the largest data identifier code in each sensor group of the Q group is less than T. If so, have each sensor in the re-divided Q group wirelessly transmit the identifier data with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, or data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code. Otherwise, continue to increase the value of Q until the update delay of the sensor with the largest data identifier code in each sensor group of the re-divided Q group is less than T. Then, have each sensor in the re-divided Q group wirelessly transmit with a delay according to the update delay and the data frame format corresponding to the allocated data frame format code and the carrier channel corresponding to the allocated physical address code.

[0043] The fourth operation is as follows: The sensors in the five groups of sensors divided by the third processing unit, excluding the second group, transmit the sensed data with added data identifiers wirelessly with a delay, according to the updated delay, the data frame format code corresponding to the assigned data frame format code, and the carrier channel corresponding to the assigned physical address code. Then, the differential code type (i.e., data frame format code) selected by the third processing unit is removed from the differential code type set. The second group of sensors is divided into R groups (taking R=2 as an example), and different differential codes under the remaining differential code types (i.e., frequency codes) in the updated differential code set are assigned to these two sensor groups. This involves assigning different frequency codes to the two sensor groups, updating the self-delay of each sensor s (s=1,2) in the r-th (r=1,2) sensor group; determining whether the delay of the sensor with the largest data identifier code in each of the two sensor groups is less than T. If so, then each sensor in the two sensor groups wirelessly transmits the sensed data with added data identifier codes according to the updated delay, the data frame format corresponding to the assigned data frame format code, the carrier channel corresponding to the assigned physical address code, and the transmission frequency corresponding to the assigned frequency code. At this time, the workflow of each sensor in the two sensor groups is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, otherwise the value of R is increased until the delay of the sensor with the largest data identifier code in each sensor group after the second group of sensors is re-divided is less than T. At this time, the delay of each sensor in each sensor group is updated again. Then, each sensor in each re-divided sensor group is instructed to wirelessly transmit the sensed data with added data identifier code according to the updated delay and the data frame format corresponding to the allocated data frame format code, the carrier channel corresponding to the allocated physical address code, and the transmission frequency corresponding to the allocated frequency code.

[0044] It is understandable that there may be multiple sensor groups in the above two groups of sensors. If the delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in each of these multiple sensor groups is less than T, then the fourth processing unit will treat each of these multiple sensor groups as the operation object when performing the fourth operation, similar to the third processing unit when performing the second operation. This will not be elaborated here.

[0045] It is understandable that for smart sensors with different physical domains, frequency domains, and data frame formats, the physical address, frequency, and data frame format of the data receiving device should be consistent. For example, a consistent physical address, frequency, and data frame format should be pre-set in the data receiving device. Data forwarding and receiving devices within the scene should have the same physical domain, frequency domain, and data frame format as the smart sensors within the scene.

[0046] Preferably, when the sensing unit is used to sense the real-time status of multiple types of monitoring parameters, in order to facilitate the differentiation of parameter types, the data identification code also includes a parameter type code, which is used to characterize the type of monitoring parameter; and the parameter type code is located before the sensor number, that is, the data identification code is: parameter type code + sensor number.

[0047] Preferably, the second processing unit is used to, when the delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in the monitoring scene is not less than T and the number Y of the monitored parameter types of the sensor group is greater than a preset threshold, sequentially take all sensors sensing the first parameter type, the second parameter type, ..., the Yth parameter type as the target sensor group, and perform the following operations: divide the target sensor group into P groups, determine whether there is a sensor group p in the P group of sensors, where the delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in the sensor group p is not less than T; if not, instruct each sensor in the P group of sensors to wirelessly transmit the identification data of the corresponding parameter type with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency or data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code; if yes, start the third processing unit; The third processing unit is used to perform the first operation or the second operation; The first operation is to increase the value of P to re-divide the sensor group into P groups until the update delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in each sensor group in the re-divided P groups is less than T. Then, each sensor in the re-divided P groups is instructed to wirelessly transmit the identification data of the corresponding parameter type according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency or data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code. The second operation is as follows: All sensors in sensor group P, except sensor group p, are instructed to wirelessly transmit the identification data of the corresponding parameter type with a delay, according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, or data frame format corresponding to the assigned differential code. The differential code type selected by the second processing unit is removed from the differential code type set. Sensor group p is divided into Q groups. A differential code type is randomly selected from the updated differential code set, and different differential codes under that differential code type are assigned to the sensors in group Q. The update delay of each sensor in group Q is determined. It is then determined whether sensor group q exists in group Q, and the delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in sensor group q is not less than T. If not, each sensor in group Q is instructed to wirelessly transmit the identification data of the corresponding parameter type with a delay, according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, or data frame format corresponding to the assigned differential code. If yes, the fourth processing unit is activated. The fourth processing unit is used to perform a third or fourth operation on the sensor group q; The third operation is to increase the value of Q to re-divide the sensor group into Q groups until the update delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in each sensor group in the re-divided Q group is less than T. Then, each sensor in the re-divided Q group is instructed to wirelessly transmit the identification data of the corresponding parameter type according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency or data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code. The fourth operation is as follows: The sensors in group Q, excluding sensor group q, transmit the corresponding parameter type's identifier data wirelessly with a delay, according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, or data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code; the differential code type selected by the third processing unit is removed from the differential code type set; sensor group q is divided into R groups; different differential codes under the remaining differential code types in the updated differential code set are allocated to the R sensor groups; the update delay of each sensor in group R is determined; it is then determined whether sensor group r exists in group R, and the delay of the sensor with the largest data identifier code in sensor group r is determined. If the delay is not less than T, then each sensor in group R transmits the identification data of the corresponding parameter type wirelessly with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, and data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code. If the delay is T, then the value of R is increased to re-divide the sensor group into R groups until the update delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in each sensor group of the re-divided R groups is less than T. Then, each sensor in the re-divided R groups transmits the identification data of the corresponding parameter type wirelessly with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, and data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code.

[0048] For example, assuming a preset threshold of 5, when using 40 smart sensors to simultaneously detect tilt angle and displacement at different locations, or 60 smart sensors to simultaneously detect flue gas, fuel gas, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide at different locations, the data identification code is parameter type code + sensor number to facilitate parameter type differentiation. If the delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code among these 60 smart sensors is not less than T, the differential controller can still perform differential control as in the example above. Alternatively, it can first perform physical domain, frequency domain, and data frame format differential based on parameter type, and then perform time domain differential. The specific differential control method is as follows: First, the second processing unit of the differential controller takes all sensors capable of sensing flue gas as the target sensor group (60 sensors in total in this example), divides these 60 sensors into P groups (taking P=3 as an example), selects a differential code type from the differential code set (taking data frame format code as an example), and assigns different data frame format codes to these 3 groups of sensors. The update delay of each sensor j (j=1,2,…,20) in the p-th (p=1,2,,3) sensor group is used to determine whether the delay of the sensor with the largest data identifier code in each of these 3 sensor groups is less than T. If so, then each sensor in the P-th group of sensors transmits the flue gas sensing data of the corresponding parameter type with added data identifier code wirelessly according to the updated delay and the data frame format corresponding to the assigned data frame format code. If not (assuming the delay of the sensor with the largest data identifier code in the third group of these three groups of sensors is greater than T), then the third processing unit performs either the first operation or the second operation: The first operation is: increase the value of P until the delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in each sensor group of P group is less than T. Then, make each sensor in group P group wirelessly transmit the flue gas sensing data of the corresponding parameter type with added data identification code according to the data frame format corresponding to the updated delay allocation data frame format code. The second operation is as follows: The sensors other than the third group of sensors in these three groups transmit the flue gas sensing data of the corresponding parameter type with added data identification codes wirelessly with a delay, according to the updated delay and the data frame format corresponding to the assigned data frame format code; the data frame format code is deleted from the differential code type set; the third group of sensors is divided into Q groups (taking Q=2 as an example); a differential code type is randomly selected from the updated differential code set (taking physical address code as an example); different physical address codes are assigned to these two sensor groups; the delay of each sensor k (k=1,2,…,10) in the q (q=1,2) group is updated; it is determined whether the delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in each of these two groups is less than T; if so, each sensor in these two groups transmits the flue gas sensing data with added data identification codes wirelessly with a delay, according to the updated delay, the carrier channel corresponding to the assigned physical address code, and the data frame format corresponding to the assigned data frame format code. If not (assuming the delay of the sensor with the largest data identifier in the second group of these two groups of sensors is greater than T), then the fourth processing unit performs either the third or fourth operation: The third operation is to increase the value of Q until the delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in each sensor group is less than T. Then, each sensor in the Q group transmits the flue gas sensing data of the corresponding parameter type with the added data identification code wirelessly according to the updated delay and the carrier channel corresponding to the assigned physical address code and the data frame format corresponding to the assigned data frame format code. Fourth operation: Transmit the flue gas sensing data of the corresponding parameter type with added data identifiers to the sensors in these two groups (excluding the second group) wirelessly with a delay, according to the updated delay, the carrier channel corresponding to the assigned physical address code, and the data frame format corresponding to the assigned data frame format code. Remove the physical address code from the differential code type set. Divide the second group of sensors into R groups (R=5 for example). Assign different differential codes under the remaining differential code types in the updated differential code set to these five groups of sensors, i.e., assign different frequency codes to these five groups of sensors. Update the delay of each sensor s (s=1,2) in the r-th (r=1,2,...,5) group. Determine whether the delay of the sensor with the largest data identifier code in each of these five groups is small. If T is true, then each of the five sensor groups transmits the flue gas sensing data of the corresponding parameter type with added data identification code wirelessly with a delay, according to the updated delay and the carrier channel corresponding to the assigned physical address code, the data frame format corresponding to the assigned data frame format code, and the transmission frequency corresponding to the assigned frequency code. Otherwise, the value of Q is increased until the delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in each of the re-divided Q sensor groups is less than T. Then, each of the re-divided Q sensor groups transmits the flue gas sensing data of the corresponding parameter type with added data identification code wirelessly with a delay, according to the updated delay and the carrier channel corresponding to the assigned physical address code, the data frame format corresponding to the assigned data frame format code, and the transmission frequency corresponding to the assigned frequency code. Through the above process, all flue gas sensing data are transmitted in time domain differential or multi-domain differential. Then, the second processing unit of the differential controller takes all the sensors of the intelligent sensors that can sense gas, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, tilt angle, and displacement as the target sensor group and performs the above operation, thereby realizing the time domain differential or multi-domain differential transmission of all gas, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, tilt angle, and displacement sensing data.

[0049] The multi-domain differential transmission method for sensor groups provided by the present invention will be described below. The multi-domain differential transmission method for sensor groups described below can be referred to in correspondence with the multi-domain differential transmission device for sensor groups described above.

[0050] This invention provides a multi-domain differential transmission method for a sensor group, wherein the sensor group is placed in the same monitoring scene, and each sensor i includes: a sensing unit for sensing the real-time status of at least one type of monitoring parameter; a data identification and coding unit for adding a data identification code to the sensing data to obtain identification data; a control unit and a wireless transmission unit, wherein the control unit is used to control the wireless transmission unit to transmit the identification data; i = 1, 2, ..., M, where M is the size of the sensor group; the method includes: S1, determine the initial delay τ of the sensor with the largest data identifier code in the monitoring scene. i If the delay is less than T, then let each sensor i follow the initial delay τ. i The identification data is transmitted wirelessly with a delay; otherwise, proceed to S2. The sensor's data identification code includes the sensor number in the monitoring scenario; the difference between any two adjacent sensor numbers is N; and the initial delay τ for each sensor i. i Its control unit determines the value C based on the difference between its own data identifier code and the minimum data identifier code in the monitoring scene. i Calculations show that τ i =(C i / N)×Δt, where Δt is the unit delay, 1us≤Δt≤int(T / M)us, and T is the time it takes for the sensor to generate, encode, and wirelessly transmit sensing data in a single operation; S2, construct a differential code type set including physical address code, frequency code, and data frame format code; divide the sensor group into P groups; randomly select a differential code type from the differential code set; assign different differential codes under that differential code type to the sensors in the P groups; update the delay of each sensor in the P groups; determine whether there is a sensor group p in the P groups, where the delay of the sensor with the largest data identifier code in the sensor group p is not less than T; if not, have each sensor in the P groups wirelessly transmit the identifier data with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, or data frame format corresponding to the assigned differential code; if yes, proceed to S3; S3, increase the value of P to re-divide the sensor group into P groups until the update delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in each sensor group in the re-divided P groups is less than T. Then, let each sensor in the re-divided P groups wirelessly transmit the identification data with delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency or data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code. Alternatively, have the sensors in group P (excluding sensor group p) wirelessly transmit the identification data with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, or data frame format corresponding to the assigned differential code; remove the differential code type selected in S2 from the differential code type set, divide sensor group p into Q groups, randomly select a differential code type from the updated differential code set, and assign different differential codes under that differential code type to the sensors in group Q, with each sensor in group Q updating with a delay; determine whether there is a sensor group q in group Q, where the delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in sensor group q is not less than T; if not, have each sensor in group Q wirelessly transmit the identification data with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, or data frame format corresponding to the assigned differential code; if yes, proceed to S4; S4, increase the value of Q to re-divide the sensor group into Q groups until the update delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in each sensor group in the re-divided Q group is less than T. Then, let each sensor in the re-divided Q group wirelessly transmit the identification data with delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency or data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code. Alternatively, other sensors in sensor group Q, excluding sensor group q, can wirelessly transmit identification data with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, or data frame format corresponding to the assigned differential code; the differential code type selected in S3 is removed from the differential code type set; sensor group q is divided into R groups; different differential codes under the remaining differential code types in the updated differential code set are assigned to the R sensor groups; the update delay of each sensor in group R is determined; it is determined whether there is a sensor group r in group R, and the delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in sensor group r is not... If the delay is less than T, then each sensor in group R transmits the identification data wirelessly with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, and data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code. If the delay is less than T, then the value of R is increased to re-divide the sensor group into R groups until the update delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in each sensor group of the re-divided R groups is less than T. Then, each sensor in the re-divided R groups transmits the identification data wirelessly with a delay according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, and data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code. The update delay τ of any sensor in any group of sensors is calculated by the control unit of that sensor based on the difference C between its own data identifier code and the smallest data identifier code in the group, τ=(C / N)×Δt; p∈{1,2,…,P}, q∈{1,2,…,Q}, r∈{1,2,…,R}.

[0051] Taking the monitoring scenario of a comprehensive utility tunnel as an example, the device and method provided by the present invention will be further described below.

[0052] The aging of various pipeline materials in the comprehensive utility tunnel, the release and enrichment of flammable and combustible gases, toxic and harmful gases caused by the tunnel environment, and the decrease in the oxygen content of the air pose risks of fire, explosion, poisoning, and asphyxiation to the tunnel. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the concentrations of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and other combustible gases in the tunnel environment in real time.

[0053] There are a total of 4 utility tunnels in the monitoring scenario. The lengths of A1 and A2 are both 1200 meters; the lengths of B1 and B2 are both 800 meters. Based on safety risk prevention, each 50 meters along the length of the tunnel is a monitoring section, and 3-parameter intelligent monitoring sensors combining temperature, carbon dioxide, and other gases are used for monitoring. 4 intelligent sensors are arranged in each monitoring section, namely A: 3-parameter intelligent sensor for temperature + carbon dioxide + natural gas, B: 3-parameter intelligent sensor for temperature + carbon dioxide + combustible gas, C: 3-parameter intelligent sensor for temperature + carbon dioxide + carbon monoxide, D: 3-parameter intelligent sensor for temperature + carbon dioxide + hydrogen sulfide. A total of 360 multi-parameter intelligent sensors are arranged, with a total power of about 72W, and a DC12V UPS power supply is used. The multi-parameter intelligent sensor has functions of real-time status perception, analysis, evaluation, overlimit warning, data identification, and data wireless transmission of parameters. All data is collected, forwarded, and transmitted to the cloud platform through a data intelligent acquisition instrument. The running period T of the embedded program of the parameter intelligent sensor is 1970 us. To prevent data transmission conflicts and losses, the parameter intelligent sensor group delays sending data by increasing Δ t = 5 us in sequence according to the sensor data identification code size. When the data transmission delay τ of the parameter intelligent sensor with the largest data identification code is 1795 us < T, it meets the delay requirement, and the sensed data can be sent by time-domain difference.

[0054] When the data transmission delay τ of the parameter intelligent sensor with the largest data identification code is 1795 us ≥ T, it does not meet the delay requirement, that is, only time-domain difference cannot meet the delay, and multi-domain difference is required. The multi-domain difference controller divides the A1, A2, B1, and B2 utility tunnels into two physical addresses for data transmission, that is, the A1 and A2 utility tunnels use the same physical address for transmission, and the B1 and B2 utility tunnels use another physical address for transmission, as shown in Table 2. The intelligent sensors within each physical address then perform time-domain difference wireless data transmission. The corresponding time-domain difference delay increments in the A1 and A2 utility tunnels are Δ t 1 = 10 us, and the Δ t 2 = 11 us in the B1 and B2 utility tunnels. The maximum delay values are τ1 = 1810 us < T and τ2 = 1837 us < T. That is, through the difference in the physical domain and the time domain, the delay requirement can already be met, and there is no need to perform frequency-domain or data frame format difference.

[0055] Table 2 Safety Risk Monitoring Plan for a Certain Integrated Utility Tunnel

[0056] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-domain differential transmission apparatus for a sensor cluster, characterized by, The sensor group and the multi-domain differential controller are included. The sensor group is placed in the same monitoring scene, each sensor i includes: a sensing unit for sensing the real-time state of at least one type of monitoring parameter; a data identification coding unit for adding a data identification code to the sensing data to obtain identification data; a control unit and a wireless sending unit, the control unit is used to control the wireless sending unit to send the identification data; i=1, 2, …, M, M is the size of the sensor group; The multi-domain differential controller includes: The first processing unit is used to monitor the initial delay τ of the sensor with the largest data identification code within the monitoring scene. i When the delay is less than T, let each sensor i follow its initial delay τ. i The identification data is transmitted wirelessly with a delay; otherwise, the second processing unit is activated. The data identification code of the sensor includes a sensor number of the sensor in the monitoring scene; a difference between any adjacent sensor numbers is N; an initial delay τ of each sensor i is calculated according to a difference C between the data identification code of the sensor and a minimum data identification code in the monitoring scene i by a control unit of the sensor according to a difference C between the data identification code of the sensor and a minimum data identification code in the monitoring scene i is calculated as τ i = (C i / N) × Δt, Δt is a unit delay, 1us ≤ Δt ≤ int(T / M)us, T is a time length for the sensor to complete generation, coding and wireless transmission of sensing data once. The second processing unit is used to divide the sensor group into P groups when the initial delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in the monitoring scene is not less than T, select a differential code type from the differential code set, and assign different differential codes under the differential code type to the P group sensors, and update the delay of each sensor in the P group sensors; judge whether there is a sensor group p in the P group sensors, and the delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in the sensor group p is not less than T; if not, each sensor in the P group sensors sends the identification data with delay according to the updated delay and the corresponding carrier channel, transmission frequency or data frame format of the assigned differential code; if yes, start the third processing unit; The differential code set includes physical address code, frequency code and data frame format code; the physical address code, the frequency code and the data frame format code are respectively used to represent the carrier channel, the transmission frequency and the data frame format of the wireless sending sensing data; The third processing unit is used to execute the first operation or the second operation; The first operation is to increase the value of P to redivide the sensor group into P groups, until the updated delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in each sensor group in the redivided P group sensors is less than T, and then each sensor in the redivided P group sensors sends the identification data with delay according to the updated delay and the corresponding carrier channel, transmission frequency or data frame format of the assigned differential code; The second operation is to make the sensors in the P group sensors except the sensor group p send the identification data with delay according to the updated delay and the corresponding carrier channel, transmission frequency or data frame format of the assigned differential code; delete the differential code type selected by the second processing unit from the differential code type set, divide the sensor group p into Q groups, select a differential code type from the updated differential code set, assign different differential codes under the differential code type to the Q group sensors, and update the delay of each sensor in the Q group sensors; judge whether there is a sensor group q in the Q group sensors, and the delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in the sensor group q is not less than T, if not, each sensor in the Q group sensors sends the identification data with delay according to the updated delay and the corresponding carrier channel, transmission frequency or data frame format of the assigned differential code; if yes, start the fourth processing unit; The fourth processing unit is used to execute the third operation or the fourth operation on the sensor group q; The third operation is: increasing the value of Q to re-divide the sensor group into Q groups, until the update delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in each sensor group of the re-divided Q groups is less than T, and then the sensors in the re-divided Q groups perform delay wireless transmission of the identification data according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency or data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code; The fourth operation is: the sensors in the Q sensor groups except the sensor group q perform delay wireless transmission of the identification data according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency or data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code; the differential code type selected by the third processing unit is deleted from the differential code type set, the sensor group q is evenly divided into R groups, different differential codes under the remaining differential code types in the updated differential code set are allocated to the R sensor groups, and the update delay of each sensor in the R sensor groups is determined; it is determined whether there is a sensor group r in the R sensor groups, the delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in the sensor group r is not less than T, if not, each sensor in the R sensor groups performs delay wireless transmission of the identification data according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency and data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code; if yes, the value of R is increased to re-divide the sensor group into R groups, until the update delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in each sensor group of the re-divided R groups is less than T, and then the sensors in the re-divided R groups perform delay wireless transmission of the identification data according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency and data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code; Wherein, the update delay τ of any sensor in any sensor group is calculated by the control unit of the sensor according to the difference C between the data identification code of the sensor and the minimum data identification code in the group, τ = (C / N) × Δt; p ∈ {1, 2,..., P}, q ∈ {1, 2,..., Q}, r ∈ {1, 2,..., R}.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, Each of the sensors further comprises first to fourth hardware encoders; The first hardware encoder is configured to set the data identification code of the sensor. The second to fourth hardware encoders are respectively configured to set the physical address code, frequency code and data frame format code of the sensor.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein, The second to fourth hardware encoders adopt the same hardware encoder.

4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein, The number of bits of the first hardware encoder x M satisfies the relationship M < 2 x .

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, A burner is further included, configured to burn the data identification code, physical address code, frequency code and data frame format code of each sensor into the control unit of each sensor.

6. The device of any one of claims 1-5, wherein, When the sensing unit is used to sense the real-time state of multiple types of monitoring parameters, the data identification code further comprises a parameter type code for representing the type of the monitoring parameter; and the parameter type code is located before the sensor number.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein, The second processing unit is configured to, when the maximum data identification code of the sensor in the monitoring scene is greater than or equal to T and the number Y of the monitoring parameter types of the sensor group is greater than a preset threshold, sequentially take all sensors perceiving a first parameter type, a second parameter type, and a Yth parameter type as a target sensor group, and perform the following operations: divide the target sensor group into P groups, determine whether there is a sensor group p in the P groups, and whether the maximum data identification code of the sensor in the sensor group p is greater than or equal to T; if not, the sensors in the P groups perform delay wireless transmission of identification data of the corresponding parameter type according to the updated delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, or data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code; if yes, a third processing unit is started; The third processing unit is configured to perform a first operation or a second operation; The first operation is to increase the value of P to redivide the sensor group into P groups, until the updated delay of the sensor with the maximum data identification code in each sensor group in the redivided P groups is less than T, and then the sensors in the redivided P groups perform delay wireless transmission of identification data of the corresponding parameter type according to the updated delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, or data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code; The second operation is to make the sensors in the P groups except the sensor group p perform delay wireless transmission of identification data of the corresponding parameter type according to the updated delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, or data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code, delete the differential code type selected by the second processing unit from the differential code type set, divide the sensor group p into Q groups, randomly select a differential code type from the updated differential code set, allocate different differential codes in the differential code type to the Q groups of sensors, and update the delay of the sensors in the Q groups; determine whether there is a sensor group q in the Q groups, and whether the delay of the sensor with the maximum data identification code in the sensor group q is greater than or equal to T; if not, the sensors in the Q groups perform delay wireless transmission of identification data of the corresponding parameter type according to the updated delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, or data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code; if yes, a fourth processing unit is started; The fourth processing unit is configured to perform a third operation or a fourth operation on the sensor group q; The third operation is to increase the value of Q to redivide the sensor group into Q groups, until the updated delay of the sensor with the maximum data identification code in each sensor group in the redivided Q groups is less than T, and then the sensors in the redivided Q groups perform delay wireless transmission of identification data of the corresponding parameter type according to the updated delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, or data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code; The fourth operation is to make the sensors in the Q groups except the sensor group q perform delay wireless transmission of identification data of the corresponding parameter type according to the updated delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, or data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code, delete the differential code type selected by the second processing unit from the differential code type set, divide the sensor group q into R groups, randomly select a differential code type from the updated differential code set, allocate different differential codes in the differential code type to the R groups of sensors, and update the delay of the sensors in the R groups; determine whether there is a sensor group r in the R groups, and whether the delay of the sensor with the maximum data identification code in the sensor group r is greater than or equal to T; if not, the sensors in the R groups perform delay wireless transmission of identification data of the corresponding parameter type according to the updated delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency, or data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code; if yes, a fifth processing unit is started. The fourth operation is: then the sensors other than the sensor group q in the Q sensor groups send the identification data of the corresponding parameter type according to the updated delay and the carrier channel, the transmission frequency or the data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code by delayed wireless transmission; the differential code type selected by the third processing unit is deleted from the differential code type set, the sensor group q is evenly divided into R groups, different differential codes under the remaining differential code types in the updated differential code set are allocated to the R sensor groups, and the delay of each sensor in the R sensor groups is updated; it is judged whether there is a sensor group r in the R sensor groups, the delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in the sensor group r is not less than T, if not, each sensor in the R sensor groups sends the identification data of the corresponding parameter type according to the updated delay and the carrier channel, the transmission frequency and the data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code by delayed wireless transmission; if yes, the value of R is increased to redivide the sensor group into R groups, until the updated delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in each sensor group in the redivided R sensor groups is less than T, and then each sensor in the redivided R sensor groups sends the identification data of the corresponding parameter type according to the updated delay and the carrier channel, the transmission frequency and the data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code by delayed wireless transmission.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The sensor further comprises a data analysis and evaluation unit and a parameter state warning unit; The data analysis and evaluation unit is configured to generate a pre-warning information and send it to the control unit when the sensing data exceeds a threshold value. The control unit is further configured to control the parameter state warning unit to perform sound and light warning when the pre-warning information is received.

9. A multi-domain differential transmission method for a sensor constellation, characterized in that, The sensor group is placed in the same monitoring scene, each sensor i comprises a sensing unit configured to sense the real-time state of at least one type of monitoring parameter, a data identification coding unit configured to add a data identification code to the sensing data to obtain identification data, a control unit and a wireless transmission unit, the control unit is configured to control the wireless transmission unit to transmit the identification data, i=1,2,…,M, M is the size of the sensor group; the method comprises: S1, judging the initial delay τ of the sensor with the largest data identification code in the monitoring scene i whether it is less than T, if yes, then let each sensor i follow the initial delay τ i delaying the wireless transmission of the identification data, otherwise entering S2; The data identification code of the sensor includes a sensor number of the sensor in the monitoring scene; a difference between any adjacent sensor numbers is N; an initial delay τ of each sensor i i According to a difference C between the data identification code of the control unit and the minimum data identification code in the monitoring scene i The calculation result is τ i = (C i / N) × Δt, Δt is a unit delay, 1us≤Δt≤int(T / M)us, T is a time length for the sensor to complete generation, coding and wireless transmission of sensing data once. S2, a differential code type set including a physical address code, a frequency code and a data frame format code is constructed, the sensor group is evenly divided into P groups, and different differential codes under a differential code type are allocated to the P sensor groups from the differential code set, and the delay of each sensor in the P sensor groups is updated; it is judged whether there is a sensor group p in the P sensor groups, the delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in the sensor group p is not less than T; if not, each sensor in the P sensor groups sends the identification data according to the updated delay and the carrier channel, the transmission frequency or the data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code by delayed wireless transmission; if yes, S3 is entered; S3, increase the value of P to re-divide the sensor group into P groups, until the update delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in each sensor group of the re-divided P group sensors is less than T, and then the sensors in the re-divided P group sensors perform delay wireless transmission of the identification data according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency or data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code; Or, the sensors in the P group sensors except the sensor group p perform delay wireless transmission of the identification data according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency or data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code; and the differential code type selected in S2 is deleted from the differential code type set, the sensor group p is evenly divided into Q groups, and one differential code type is selected from the updated differential code set to allocate different differential codes under the differential code type to the Q group sensors, and the update delay of each sensor in the Q group sensors; it is judged whether there is a sensor group q in the Q group sensors, the delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in the sensor group q is not less than T, if not, the sensors in the Q group sensors perform delay wireless transmission of the identification data according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency or data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code; if yes, go to S4; S4, increase the value of Q to re-divide the sensor group into Q groups, until the update delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in each sensor group of the re-divided Q group sensors is less than T, and then the sensors in the re-divided Q group sensors perform delay wireless transmission of the identification data according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency or data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code; Or, the sensors in the Q group sensors except the sensor group q perform delay wireless transmission of the identification data according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency or data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code; the differential code type selected in S3 is deleted from the differential code type set, the sensor group q is evenly divided into R groups, and different differential codes under the differential code type remaining in the updated differential code set are allocated to the R sensor groups, and the update delay of each sensor in the R group sensors; it is judged whether there is a sensor group r in the R group sensors, the delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in the sensor group r is not less than T, if not, the sensors in the R group sensors perform delay wireless transmission of the identification data according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency and data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code; if yes, increase the value of R to re-divide the sensor group into R groups, until the update delay of the sensor with the largest data identification code in each sensor group of the re-divided R group sensors is less than T, and then the sensors in the re-divided R group sensors perform delay wireless transmission of the identification data according to the update delay and the carrier channel, transmission frequency and data frame format corresponding to the allocated differential code; Wherein, the update delay τ of any sensor in any group of sensors is calculated by the control unit of the sensor according to the difference C between the data identification code of the sensor and the minimum data identification code in the group, τ=(C / N)×Δt; p∈{1,2,…,P}, q∈{1,2,…,Q}, r∈{1,2,…,R}.

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