Wireless communication and beam management in sidelink

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to an entity for wireless communication in a sidelink, the entity for beam management using a set of resources from a plurality of resources, where the plurality of resources are used for beam management. Further, an entity for wireless communication in a sidelink is disclosed for searching for control information among a plurality of resources for beam management. Further, an entity for wireless communication is disclosed for configuring a plurality of resources for beam management of one or more other entities for wireless communication in a sidelink. Furthermore, a corresponding method for wireless communication is disclosed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to entities and methods for wireless communication in sidelink, and in particular to beam management. BACKGROUND

[0002] Sidelink communication in new radio (NR) vehicle to everything (V2X) in 3GPP Release 16 and Release 17 is mainly designed for lower frequencies, i.e. for frequency range 1 (FR1). By adopting the same design for FR1, it is possible to consider sidelink communication at higher frequencies, e.g. frequency range 2 (FR2), but there are basically no specific optimizations in Release 16 and Release 17 to support higher frequencies. Therefore, in the current NR V2X standard, i.e. in Release 16 and Release 17, beam management procedures, such as beam sweeping, beam alignment, beam maintenance, are not supported. SUMMARY

[0003] Higher frequencies are attractive because the available bandwidth at these frequencies can support high data rate transmission in sidelink. Several V2X use cases, like advanced driving and extended sensors, and commercial applications, require high data rates. However, transmission at higher frequencies requires beamforming to compensate for the path loss at higher frequencies. In addition, beamforming enables directional transmission, which can be used for spatial reuse of available resources to support high connection density of devices.

[0004] Recently, the study of enhanced sidelink operation at higher frequencies (i.e. FR2) in 3GPP Release 18 has been initiated in the 3GPP Release 18 work item. The focus of this study is on sidelink beam management for unicast communication (i.e. one-to-one user equipment (UE) communication) in FR2 licensed bands. Since the earlier releases do not support FR2 specific design, there is no need for backward compatibility.

[0005] In NR V2X in 3GPP Releases 16 and 17, a subset of available resources can be (pre-)configured for sidelink data transmission across multiple UEs. This subset of available resources for sidelink transmission can be referred to as a resource pool (RP). (Pre-)configuration can refer to: a configuration defined by the network and signaled to the UE by the network device (when the UE is within network coverage); or a configuration predefined in the UE, such as when the UE is outside network coverage. Network devices can be next-generation node Bs (gNBs), base stations (BSs), roadside units (RSUs), transmit / receive points (TRPs), etc. UEs can be mobile phones, handheld devices, devices in vehicles, or devices on robots, etc. In the following text, gNB or base station is used generically to refer to network devices.

[0006] In the time domain, the RP comprises continuous or discontinuous time slots, where each time slot includes multiple symbols. In the frequency domain, the RP is divided into a given number of continuous sub-channels.

[0007] In NR V2X, the data payload, or data packet, is carried in the Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), which may occupy one or more subchannels. The data payload or data packet can also be referred to as a transport block (TB). Sidelink control information (SCI) associated with data transmission is transmitted in two phases: Phase 1 SCI and Phase 2 SCI. The terms "transmit" and "transmit" can be used synonymously. Phase 1 is carried in the Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) within non-overlapping resources of one or more subchannels occupied by the associated PSSCH. Phase 2 SCI is multiplexed with the PSSCH.

[0008] The first-stage SCI indicates the resources for the current data transmission, and it can also indicate resources for retransmission of the same data packet. Additionally, the first-stage SCI can indicate a resource reservation period, which is the time interval between reserved resources for the transmission of consecutive data packets; that is, one or more sub-channels for the current data transmission are reserved in a time slot after the resource reservation period for the transmission of another data packet.

[0009] By decoding the first-stage SCI, the receiver user equipment (RxUE) can know one or more sub-channels occupied by the current data transmission carried in the PSSCH, as well as one or more sub-channels reserved for future (re)transmission of the same or new data packets.

[0010] The second-stage SCI indicates the source identifier (ID) and destination ID of the data transmission. By decoding the second-stage SCI, the Rx UE can determine whether it is the target Rx UE of the TB carried in the PSSCH. Another part of the source ID and destination ID is carried in the medium access control (MAC) subheader, namely the MAC control element (CE), which is carried by the PSSCH associated with the second-stage SCI. Therefore, the source ID and destination ID can be split into two parts: one part is carried in the second-stage SCI, and the other part is carried in the MAC subheader. Therefore, the Rx UE may need to decode the PSCCH and PSSCH to understand the complete source ID and destination ID of the data transmission.

[0011] Sub-channels used for data transmission can be selected based on resource allocation mode 1 and mode 2. In mode 1, one or more sub-channels for data transmission are allocated by the network, i.e., the gNB indicates to the UE the resources it uses for data transmission. In mode 2, the UE can autonomously select one or more sub-channels for data transmission.

[0012] For transmission in Mode 2, the UE identifies candidate resources within the selection window by sensing occupied resources and identifying future reserved resources. The UE identifies occupied resources by detecting the PSCCH and the reserved resources indicated by the Phase 1 SCI carried by the PSCCH. The sensing UE can detect the presence of the PSCCH based on the demodulation reference signal (DMRS) transmitted within the PSCCH, specifically whether the reference signal received power (RSRP) of the PSCCH DMRS is higher than a threshold. To this end, the UE searches for the PSCCH at all potential PSCCH locations in each sub-channel of each time slot within the sensing window, and decodes the Phase 1 SCI if a PSCCH is found.

[0013] To support sidelink transmission at higher frequencies, beam management procedures are required in the sidelink. A crucial part of beam management is beam scanning (also known as "beam training"), which involves training multiple beams at both the transmitter user equipment (Tx UE) and the receiver user equipment (Rx UE). Beam scanning can be used for initial beam alignment (also known as "beam pairing"), i.e., the initial beam alignment between the Tx UE and the Rx UE. Beam alignment involves determining the optimal beams between a pair of UEs, i.e., identifying the optimal transmit beam (Tx beam) at the Tx UE and the optimal receive beam (Rx beam) at the Rx UE.

[0014] In beam scanning, multiple Tx beams can be used to transmit multiple reference signals (RS). Compared to the Uu link (i.e., the access link between the gNB and the UE), beam scanning in the sidelink may not be possible using synchronization signals. This is because TxUEs may not transmit sidelink synchronization signals, as in NR V2X versions 16 and 17, currently only the UE acting as the synchronization reference (SyncRef UE) is configured to do so. Sidelink synchronization signals are transmitted in the sidelink synchronization signal block (S-SSB).

[0015] UEs can be used to transmit synchronization signals using different Tx beams for beam alignment. However, configuring a Tx UE to transmit synchronization signals (i.e., S-SSB) for beam alignment purposes contradicts the current process for triggering S-SSB transmission in NR V2X, where it is undesirable for many UEs to send synchronization information. Currently, NR V2X in Release 16 and Release 17 only allows Tx UEs that meet certain conditions to transmit S-SSB.

[0016] Furthermore, there is no random access channel (RACH) in the sidelink, meaning that a UE receiving a synchronization signal from the SyncRef UE does not need to send a reply to the SyncRef UE. This implies that the UE sending the synchronization signal is unaware of the UE receiving the S-SSB. This is the opposite of the Uu link, where the UE receiving the synchronization signal transmits a reply in the RACH that supports beam pairing between the gNB and the UE. Such a reply can be called an alignment reply.

[0017] Furthermore, S-SSBs in NR V2X are identified using a sidelink synchronization signal (SLSS) identifier (ID), which is not unique to each UE. This means that the identity of a UE sending an S-SSB may not be distinguishable by its SLSS ID.

[0018] Furthermore, in NR V2X, S-SSBs are transmitted on resources that are not dedicated to a single UE; that is, multiple SyncRef UEs can transmit on such resources, where resource selection is based on rules dependent on the S-SSB triggering procedure. Therefore, an Rx UE may not be aware that a measurement using an Rx beam corresponds to one or more signals transmitted by one or more Tx UEs on the same resource.

[0019] One aspect to consider when performing beam alignment is link establishment between a pair of UEs. In this regard, there are three possibilities for link establishment between a pair of UEs. Since the Tx UE or Rx UE may not be aware of each other's existence beforehand, a link establishment process is performed between the pair of UEs, i.e., the Tx UE sends a direct communication (DCR) message and the Rx UE replies with a direct communication accept (DCA) message. The DCR and DCA messages are transmitted on the PSSCH. Initial beam alignment between the Tx UE and Rx UE can be performed before, during, or after the link establishment process.

[0020] Performing initial beam alignment before link establishment may result in the identification of initial beam pairs between UEs that do not wish to establish a link. Performing initial beam alignment during link establishment would require modifications to the current procedures in NR V2X, which do not support transmissions using Tx and Rx beams. Performing initial beam alignment after link establishment may limit the coverage of lateral link transmissions between a pair of UEs, as link establishment may require the use of omnidirectional beaming instead of beamforming transmissions (which can support transmissions over greater distances at higher frequencies).

[0021] Beam management involves beam maintenance, which allows for the tracking of other possible beam pairs, i.e., allows for the selection of new Tx and / or Rx beams in case of beam failure. Beam scanning can also be considered for beam maintenance. The beam scanning and related procedures for beam maintenance can be similar to the initial beam alignment after link establishment discussed above.

[0022] Besides beam alignment, several other factors need to be considered for sidelink transmissions at higher frequencies. Depending on the UE's capabilities or configuration, a UE may be able to transmit or receive using either a Tx or Rx beam at a time. This means that an Rx UE may not be able to receive sidelink transmissions (including associated SCIs) using a given Tx beam at a Tx UE or a given Rx beam at an Rx UE. This is in... Figure 11a As exemplarily shown in [the text]. Figure 11a In this configuration, Tx UE 111 uses Tx beam 111a for transmission, and Rx UE 112 uses Rx beam 112a for reception. For example, it is possible to... Figure 11a As seen in Figure 111a, there is no beam alignment between the Tx beam 111a at Tx UE 111 and the Rx beam 112a at Rx UE 112. Therefore, in the scenario exemplarily shown in Figure 111a, Rx UE 112 cannot receive side-link transmissions from Tx UE 111.

[0023] Furthermore, an Rx UE may only know it is the target Rx UE after determining the destination ID and potentially source ID carried in the transmitted SCI. The Rx UE may also need to decode the associated PSSCH carrying the MAC CE to determine another part of the destination ID and source ID. However, in order to receive the SCI and associated PSSCH, the Tx and Rx beams need to be aligned. That is, beam alignment is required. Through measurements during beam scanning, the Rx UE can determine the optimal Tx and Rx beams.

[0024] In view of the foregoing, this disclosure aims to provide an entity for wireless communication that allows communication at higher frequencies, such as frequency range 2 (FR2). The purpose of this disclosure is to provide an entity for wireless communication that allows sidelink communication at higher frequencies, such as frequency range 2 (FR2).

[0025] These and other objectives are achieved by solutions of this disclosure as described in the independent claims. Advantageous implementations are further defined in the dependent claims.

[0026] A first aspect of this disclosure provides an entity for wireless communication in a side link, wherein the entity is used for beam management using a resource set from a plurality of resources, wherein the plurality of resources are used for beam management.

[0027] In other words, the entity is used to perform beam management using the resource set from the plurality of resources used for beam management. The descriptions “pre-configure multiple resources for beam management” and “configure multiple resources for beam management” can be used synonymously. In other words, to support beam management at higher frequencies, such as beam alignment in a sidelink, it is recommended to (pre-)configure multiple resources to be used for beam management. Therefore, the entity according to the first aspect allows communication at higher frequencies, such as frequency range 2 (FR2), for example, sidelink communication. The (pre-)configuration of the multiple resources for beam management can be a network-defined configuration, the entity can be configured as part of the network, and the (pre-)configuration can be signaled to the entity by network devices of the network (when the entity is within network coverage). Alternatively or additionally, the (pre-)configuration of the multiple resources for beam management can be a (pre-)defined configuration within the entity, for example, when the entity is outside network coverage. The network can be a communication network, such as a cellular network. Using the resource set from the plurality of resources has the following advantages: the resource set can be used by the entity for beam scanning or other beam management processes on the side link. With the resource set, the entity can know on which resources to transmit or receive reference signals for beam scanning, and on which resources to transmit or receive alignment responses.

[0028] The entity is used for wireless communication in the sidelink, i.e., performing wireless sidelink communication. The term "sidelink" can be used to refer to sidelink communication. The entity can be used for beam management of the sidelink using the resource set from the plurality of resources. The plurality of resources can be used for beam management of the sidelink. In this disclosure, beam management can refer to beam management of the sidelink. Therefore, in this disclosure, one or more beam management processes (e.g., beam scanning, beam alignment, etc.) can be one or more beam management processes of the sidelink (e.g., sidelink beam scanning, sidelink beam alignment, etc.). Beam management of the sidelink can be referred to as "sidelink beam management". Sidelink communication can be understood as wireless communication in the sidelink, i.e., using the sidelink.

[0029] The resource set supports entity-specific flexible beam scanning, which has the advantage that the entity can scan different numbers of transmit beams (Tx beams) or receive beams (Rx beams). That is, the entity can scan different numbers of Tx or Rx beams depending on its capabilities. Furthermore, the resource set also enables flexible alignment responses. For example, the entity can be used as a transmitter (e.g., a Tx UE) to indicate on which one or more resources in the resource set the alignment response associated with a given transmit beam (Tx beam) transmission can be transmitted to (and therefore received by) the entity from another entity acting as a receiver (e.g., an Rx UE) for wireless communication. This may replace a fixed mapping between resources for beam scanning and alignment responses for all beam pairs for the entity and the other entity.

[0030] Since the multiple resources are used for beam management, they can be used for beam management by the entity and other entities in the network to which the entity may belong, for wireless communication. This has the advantage that beam management processes (e.g., beam scanning) performed on multiple resources (e.g., on the resource set) are more reliable and unaffected by data transmission (e.g., data transmission in the network). In other words, there is no interference between data transmission and the beam management process.

[0031] Resources (e.g., each resource) within the plurality of resources (for beam management) may comprise one or more symbols in the time domain and one or more sub-channels in the frequency domain. This allows for customization of resource granularity to support multi-beam scanning within a single time slot. Resources (e.g., each resource) within the resource set may comprise one or more symbols in the time domain and one or more sub-channels in the frequency domain. Two or more resources within the resource set may be distinct. The plurality of resources for beam management may be part of a resource pool, such as a resource pool for sidelink communication. In the time domain, the resource pool may comprise consecutive or discontinuous time slots, where each time slot comprises multiple symbols. In the frequency domain, the resource pool may be divided into multiple consecutive sub-channels.

[0032] Sidelink communication can be understood as the direct transmission of signals (e.g., one or more data packets) between two or more entities without using network equipment for signal transmission. That is, communication does not pass through or rely on network equipment. The two or more aforementioned entities performing sidelink communication can be described as wirelessly communicating with each other in a sidelink. Therefore, they are entities used for wireless communication in a sidelink. For example, sidelink communication between two or more user equipment (UEs) (e.g., two mobile UEs in a cellular network) can be understood as the direct transmission of signals (e.g., one or more data packets) between the two or more UEs without using network equipment, such as a base station (BS), for signal transmission. That is, communication does not pass through or rely on network equipment, such as a BS. The term "device-to-device communication (D2D communication)" can be used as a synonym for sidelink communication.

[0033] The entity can be implemented by software and / or hardware. The entity can be a device for wireless communication, such as for communication using RF waves. The entity can be a user equipment (UE). The UE can be a mobile phone, handheld device, vehicle-mounted device, or robot-mounted device, etc. The entity can be a transmitter UE (Tx UE). Wireless communication can include or can be communication using radio frequency (RF) waves. The entity can be an entity for sidelink communication, such as a device.

[0034] Beam management can include processes for establishing and / or maintaining optimal beam pairs between two entities used for wireless communication to achieve good connectivity between the two entities. A beam pair can include a transmit beam (Tx beam) and a corresponding receive beam (Rx beam) in one link direction. The process can include layer 1 (PHY) and / or layer 2 (MAC) processes. For example, beam management can include beam scanning, beam alignment, beamforming, beam maintenance, beam failure recovery, etc. The term "beam pairing" can be used as a synonym for the term "beam alignment." The term "beam training" can be used as a synonym for the term "beam scanning." The entity can be used to perform beam scanning of multiple beams of the entity (e.g., the entity's transmit beam and / or the entity's receive beam) using multiple resources in the resource set. The entity can be used to receive an alignment response, for example, in the case of beam alignment between the entity's beam (e.g., the transmit beam) and the beam (e.g., the receive beam) of another entity used for wireless communication. The terms “alignment response” and “beam alignment response” can be used as synonyms.

[0035] Beam alignment can be understood as the process of determining the optimal beam pair for wireless communication between a first entity and a second entity, which includes the transmit beam of the first entity and the corresponding receive beam of the second entity. In other words, beam alignment can be understood as identifying the optimal transmit beam at the first entity and the optimal receive beam at the second entity. This process assumes that the first entity intends to wirelessly transmit data to the second entity; therefore, the first entity is a transmitter entity and the second entity is a receiver entity.

[0036] The beam of an entity used for wireless communication can be a spatial filter of the entity used for wireless communication. The descriptions "using beam transmission" and "utilizing beam transmission" can be understood as synonyms.

[0037] The entities can be configured as part of a network comprising multiple entities (e.g., a communication network, such as a cellular network), wherein the multiple resources can be used by all entities of the network to perform beam management. In other words, the multiple resources are shared by all entities of the network. This allows for more efficient resource utilization. The multiple entities can be multiple user equipment (UEs). The sharing of the multiple resources used for beam management by network entities can be used by these entities to perform data transmission based on the sharing of sub-channels in the resource pool. The multiple resources used for beam management have the advantage that these resources can be used by multiple entities of the network for beam scanning. Through the multiple resources used for beam management, the network entities know on which resources to transmit or receive reference signals for beam scanning, and on which resources to transmit or receive alignment responses. The reference signal may include or may be at least one of the following: demodulation reference signal (DMRS), channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), side link CSI-RS, sounding reference signal (SRS), synchronization signal block (SSB), side link SSB, primary synchronization signal (PSS), secondary synchronization signal (SSS), side link PSS, side link SSS, positioning reference signal (PRS), side link PRS, etc.

[0038] In an implementation of the first aspect, the entity is configured to perform beam management of the side link by transmitting and receiving one or more signals on the resource set using one or more beams.

[0039] In other words, the entity can be used to perform beam management for sidelink communication (i.e., sidelink beam management), wherein performing the sidelink beam management includes transmitting and receiving one or more signals on the resource set using one or more beams. In other words, the entity can be used to transmit and receive one or more signals used during sidelink beam management using one or more beams from the resource set of the plurality of resources used for beam management. The entity can be used to achieve beam alignment with another entity (e.g., sidelink beam alignment) by using one or more beams to transmit to and receive from the other entity on the resource set of the plurality of resources. In other words, the entity can be used to achieve beam alignment with the other entity using the resource set of the plurality of resources used for beam management.

[0040] In an implementation of the first aspect, the entity is used for beam management using the resource set from the plurality of resources, wherein the plurality of resources are used for beam management and are part of a resource pool for sidelink communication.

[0041] In the time domain, the resource pool may include continuous or discontinuous time slots, where each time slot includes multiple symbols. In the frequency domain, the resource pool may be divided into multiple continuous sub-channels. The resource pool may include a set of resources for data transmission, such as transmitting data payloads (i.e., data packets). That is, the resource pool may include the multiple resources for beam management and the set of resources for data transmission.

[0042] In an implementation of the first aspect, the entity is used to communicate according to a communication protocol, and the plurality of resources are configured for beam management according to the communication protocol.

[0043] The communication protocol may include rules for sidelink communication. The communication protocol may be outlined in communication standards such as LTE, 5G, or a new standard to be determined. For example, according to the communication protocol, the entity may be used to wirelessly receive configurations of the plurality of resources (i.e., information about the plurality of resources used for beam management) from another entity. The other entity may be a network device. The network device may be a next-generation NodeB (gNB), base station (BS), roadside unit (RSU), transmit / receive point (TRP), etc. For example, according to the communication protocol, the configurations of the plurality of resources may be stored in the entity's internal data memory or in external data memory accessible to the entity.

[0044] In an implementation of the first aspect, the entity is configured to: obtain information about the resource set from another entity for wireless communication, or select the resource set from the plurality of resources.

[0045] Resource selection can be based on either resource allocation mode 1 or resource allocation mode 2. In mode 1, the entity can obtain information about the resource set from another entity. In mode 2, the entity can select the resource set itself from the plurality of resources. The other entity can be a network device. That is, the resource set can be selected by the network, and the entity can be part of the network. The network device can be a next-generation NodeB (gNB), base station (BS), roadside unit (RSU), transmit / receive point (TRP), etc. The entity can obtain information about the resource set from user equipment (UE). That is, the other entity can be a UE.

[0046] In an implementation of the first aspect, the entity is configured to select the resource set from the plurality of resources by:

[0047] - Use the beam of the entity to search for control information among the multiple resources.

[0048] -Based on the control information used to locate one or more of the plurality of resources using the beam, determine one or more reserved resources among the plurality of resources.

[0049] -Idle resources are determined from the plurality of resources by excluding one or more reserved resources identified from the plurality of resources, and

[0050] - Select at least one of the determined idle resources as one or more resources in the resource set.

[0051] The control information can be found in the physical link control channel (PSCCH) of the plurality of resources. Therefore, the entity can be used to search for the PSCCH in the plurality of resources using the entity's beam.

[0052] In an implementation of the first aspect, the entity is configured to select one or more of the determined idle resources for the beam as one or more resources for transmitting a reference signal using the beam.

[0053] The entity can be used to select one or more of the determined idle resources for the beam as one or more resources for performing beam scanning using the beam.

[0054] In an implementation of the first aspect, the entity is configured to select a subset of one or more resources from the resource set, and to transmit a reference signal on the subset of one or more resources using a beam of the entity.

[0055] The subset of one or more resources used to transmit reference signals on a subset of one or more resources using the beam of the entity may be referred to as the "first subset". In this context, the term "first" is used only to distinguish the aforementioned subset from the other subsets described herein.

[0056] In an implementation of the first aspect, the entity is used to transmit the reference signal and control information associated with the beam over a subset (first subset) of one or more resources.

[0057] In other words, the entity is used to perform beam scanning by transmitting the reference signal and the control information associated with the beam over a subset (first subset) of one or more resources. Alternatively, the entity can be used to map a subset (first subset) of the one or more resources to the transmission of the reference signal and the control information associated with the beam using the entity's beam. Transmitting the reference signal allows for training transmit-receive beam pairs (Tx-Rx beam pairs), i.e., aligning the transmit beam (Tx beam) and the receive beam (Rx beam).

[0058] In this disclosure, the reference signal (i.e., the reference signal mentioned above or any other reference signal mentioned herein) may include or may be at least one of the following: demodulation reference signal (DMRS), channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), sidelink CSI-RS, sounding reference signal (SRS), synchronization signal block (SSB), sidelink SSB, primary synchronization signal (PSS), secondary synchronization signal (SSS), sidelink PSS, sidelink SSS, positioning reference signal (PRS), sidelink PRS, etc.

[0059] The control information associated with the beam may include information about a subset (first subset) of the one or more resources. The control information may include a destination identifier (ID) and optionally a source ID. The control information may include control information in the Physical Side Link Control Channel (PSCCH) and control information in the Physical Side Link Shared Channel (PSSCH). That is, the control information may include control information carried by the PSCCH and control information carried by the PSSCH. Optionally, the control information may include a Medium Access Control (MAC) subheader carried in the Physical Side Link Shared Channel (PSSCH). The control information may be transmitted only in the PSCCH, allowing the reference signal to be transmitted independently using the PSCCH, i.e., without using any PSSCH.

[0060] The control information in the Physical Side Crosslink Control Channel (PSCCH) can be referred to as Phase 1 Crosslink Control Information (SCI), and the control information in the Physical Side Crosslink Shared Channel (PSSCH) can be referred to as Phase 2 SCI. The Phase 1 SCI may include information about a subset (first subset) of the one or more resources. This allows other entities performing sensing and receiving of the control information for wireless communication to know (e.g., after decoding the PSCCH) which resources are reserved. Optionally, the Phase 1 SCI may include a destination identifier (ID) and optionally a source ID. If the Phase 1 SCI does not include the source ID, then the Phase 2 SCI may include the source ID.

[0061] In an implementation of the first aspect, the entity is configured to select from the resource set a subset of one or more resources for receiving beam alignment responses with respect to the entity's beam.

[0062] The subset of one or more resources described above for receiving beam alignment responses with respect to the entity may be referred to as the "second subset". In this context, the term "second" is used only to distinguish the above subset from the other subsets described herein.

[0063] The control information associated with the beam may include information about a subset (second subset) of the one or more resources used to receive the beam alignment response with respect to the beam. The first-stage SCI or the second-stage SCI may include the information about the subset (second subset) of the one or more resources used to receive the beam alignment response with respect to the beam. This allows an entity receiving the control information and intending to transmit the alignment response for wireless communication to know on which resources(s) the alignment response is transmitted.

[0064] In an implementation of the first aspect, the entity is configured to receive the beam alignment response for the beam of the entity on a subset (second subset) of one or more resources for receiving the beam alignment response for the beam of the entity.

[0065] The entity can be used to listen for the beam alignment response of the beam of the entity on a subset (second subset) of one or more resources used to receive the beam alignment response of the beam of the entity.

[0066] In an implementation of the first aspect, the entity is configured to select a subset of resources from the resource set and to transmit a reference signal on the subset of resources using multiple beams of the entity.

[0067] The subset of resources used to transmit reference signals on a subset of resources using multiple beams of the entity can be referred to as the "third subset". In this context, the term "third" is used only to distinguish the aforementioned subset from the other subsets described herein.

[0068] In an implementation of the first aspect, the entity is configured to transmit the reference signal and control information associated with the beam on one or more resources in a subset (third subset) of the resources using a beam from one of the entity's plurality of beams.

[0069] In other words, the entity is used to perform beam scanning by transmitting the reference signal and the control information associated with the beam on one or more resources in a subset (third subset) of the resources using the beam of the plurality of beams.

[0070] The control information associated with the beam may include information about a subset (third subset) of the resources and / or one or more resources within that subset (third subset). The control information may include a destination identifier (ID) and optionally a source ID. The control information may include control information in the Physical Side Link Control Channel (PSCCH) and control information in the Physical Side Link Shared Channel (PSSCH). That is, the control information may include control information carried by the PSCCH and control information carried by the PSSCH. Optionally, the control information may include a Medium Access Control (MAC) subheader carried in the Physical Side Link Shared Channel (PSSCH). The control information may be transmitted only in the PSCCH, allowing the reference signal to be transmitted independently using the PSCCH, i.e., without using any PSSCH.

[0071] The control information in the Physical Side Crosslink Control Channel (PSCCH) can be referred to as the Phase 1 Crosslink Control Information (SCI), and the control information in the Physical Side Crosslink Shared Channel (PSSCH) can be referred to as the Phase 2 SCI. The Phase 1 SCI may include information about a subset (third subset) of the resources and / or one or more resources within that subset (third subset). This allows other entities performing sensing and receiving of the control information for wireless communication to know (e.g., after decoding the PSCCH) which resources are reserved. Optionally, the Phase 1 SCI may include the destination identifier (ID) and optionally the source ID. If the Phase 1 SCI does not include the source ID, then the Phase 2 SCI may include the source ID.

[0072] The transmission of the reference signal allows for the training of transmit beam-receive beam pairs (Tx beam-Rx beam pairs), i.e., aligning the transmit beam and the receive beam.

[0073] In an implementation of the first aspect, the entity is configured to select one or more resources from a subset (third subset) of the resources for the beam.

[0074] In other words, the entity can be used to map one or more resources in a subset (third subset) of the resources to the reference signal and the transmission of control information associated with the beam, the transmission using the beam among the plurality of beams of the entity.

[0075] In an implementation of the first aspect, the entity is configured to select from the resource set a subset of resources for receiving beam alignment responses with respect to a plurality of beams of the entity.

[0076] The subset of resources described above for receiving beam alignment responses with respect to the multiple beams of the entity may be referred to as the "fourth subset". In this context, the term "fourth" is used only to distinguish the above subset from the other subsets described herein.

[0077] The control information associated with the beam may include information about a subset (fourth subset) of the resources used for receiving beam alignment responses for the plurality of beams. The first-stage SCI or the second-stage SCI may include the information about the subset (fourth subset) of the resources used for receiving beam alignment responses for the plurality of beams. This allows an entity receiving the control information and intending to transmit the alignment response for wireless communication to know on which resources(s) the alignment response is transmitted.

[0078] In an implementation of the first aspect, the entity is configured to select, for a beam alignment response for one of the plurality of beams, from a subset (a fourth subset) of the resources for receiving the beam alignment response for the plurality of beams of the entity.

[0079] The control information associated with the beam may include information about one or more resources in a subset (fourth subset) of the resources for receiving the beam alignment response for the beam among the plurality of beams. The first-stage SCI or the second-stage SCI may include information about one or more resources in the subset (fourth subset) of the resources for receiving the beam alignment response for the beam among the plurality of beams.

[0080] In an implementation of the first aspect, the entity is configured to receive, on the selected one or more resources, the beam alignment response for one of the plurality of beams.

[0081] The entity can be used to listen for beam alignment responses regarding the beams among the plurality of beams on one or more selected resources. The entity can also be used to listen for beam alignment responses regarding the plurality of beams on a subset (a fourth subset) of the resources used to receive the beam alignment responses regarding the plurality of beams.

[0082] In an implementation of the first aspect, the entity is used to search for control information among the plurality of resources.

[0083] In an implementation of the first aspect, the entity is configured to obtain information about the plurality of resources from another entity used for wireless communication and / or a data storage associated with the entity.

[0084] In other words, the entity can be used to retrieve the configuration of the plurality of resources from the other entity and / or the data storage associated with the entity. The entity can be used to wirelessly receive the plurality of resources from the other entity. The other entity can be a UE. The other entity can be a network device. The network device can be a next-generation NodeB (gNB), base station (BS), roadside unit (RSU), transmit / receive point (TRP), etc. The data storage can be the entity's internal data storage or an external data storage accessible to the entity.

[0085] In order to implement the entity according to the first aspect of this disclosure, some or all of the implementations and optional features of the first aspect as described above may be combined with each other.

[0086] A second aspect of this disclosure provides an entity for wireless communication in a side link, wherein the entity is used to search for control information among a plurality of resources used for beam management.

[0087] The entity is used for wireless communication in the sidelink, i.e., performing wireless sidelink communication. The plurality of resources can be used for beam management of the sidelink (i.e., for sidelink beam management). The entity can be used to search for control information among the plurality of resources, wherein the plurality of resources can be configured for beam management within a resource pool for sidelink communication. In the time domain, the resource pool can include continuous or discontinuous time slots, wherein each time slot includes multiple symbols. In the frequency domain, the resource pool can be divided into multiple continuous sub-channels. The resource pool can include a set of resources for data transmission, such as transmitting data payloads (i.e., data packets).

[0088] The entity can be used to search for control information at one or more desired locations in each of the plurality of resources. The entity can be used to search for control information in the plurality of resources for beam management using one or more beams. The entity can be implemented by software and / or hardware. The entity can be a device for wireless communication, such as for communication using RF waves. The entity can be a user equipment (UE). The entity can be a receiver UE (RxUE). The UE can be a mobile phone, handheld device, device in a vehicle, or device on a robot, etc. Wireless communication can include or can be communication using radio frequency (RF) waves. The entity can be an entity for sidelink communication, such as a device.

[0089] In an implementation of the second aspect, the entity is configured to receive reference signals and control information on one or more of the plurality of resources using a beam, and to determine, based on the received control information, whether the reference signal is pointing to itself.

[0090] In other words, the entity can be used to determine whether it is a target entity for the transmission of the received reference signal based on the received control information.

[0091] In an implementation of the second aspect, the entity is used to measure the reference signal received power (RSRP) of the reference signal received on one or more of the plurality of resources using the beam.

[0092] The entity can be used to determine whether the measured RSRP is greater than or equal to a threshold, and if the measured RSRP is greater than or equal to the threshold, to use the beam to transmit a beam alignment response.

[0093] In an implementation of the second aspect, the entity is configured to obtain information from the received control information about a subset of one or more resources among the plurality of resources used for transmitting beam alignment responses using the beam.

[0094] In other words, the control information includes indications of one or more resources on which beam alignment responses will be transmitted. The control information may include a mapping between two resources, in which the entity can receive a reference signal and in a second resource, the entity can transmit a beam alignment response regarding the reception of the reference signal. A subset of the aforementioned one or more resources may be the second subset or the fourth subset described with respect to the implementation of the first aspect.

[0095] In an implementation of the second aspect, the entity is configured to transmit the beam alignment response using the beam on a subset of the one or more resources used for transmitting the beam alignment response.

[0096] The entity can transmit the beam alignment response by transmitting reference signals and control information.

[0097] In an implementation of the second aspect, the entity is configured to obtain information about the plurality of resources from another entity used for wireless communication and / or a data storage associated with the entity.

[0098] In other words, the entity can be used to obtain the configuration of the plurality of resources from the other entity and / or the data storage associated with the entity. The entity can be used to wirelessly receive the plurality of resources from the other entity. The other entity can be a UE. The other entity can be a network device. The network device can be a next-generation NodeB (gNB), base station (BS), roadside unit (RSU), transmit / receive point (TRP), etc. The data storage can be the entity's internal data storage or an external data storage accessible to the entity.

[0099] The foregoing description of the entity according to the first aspect applies correspondingly to the entity according to the second aspect. The foregoing description of the entity according to the second aspect applies correspondingly to the entity according to the first aspect.

[0100] The entities of the second aspect, their implementation methods, and optional features achieve the same advantages as the entities of the first aspect, their corresponding implementation methods, and corresponding optional features.

[0101] In order to implement the entity according to the second aspect of this disclosure, some or all of the implementations and optional features of the second aspect as described above may be combined with each other.

[0102] A third aspect of this disclosure provides an entity for wireless communication, wherein the entity is configured to perform beam management for one or more other entities for wireless communication in a side link, and to configure multiple resources.

[0103] The entity can be used to perform beam management for one or more other entities using wireless communication in a sidelink, configuring multiple resources. The entity can be used to perform beam management for one or more other entities using wireless communication in a sidelink, configuring the multiple resources as part of a resource pool for sidelink communication. In other words, the entity can be used to perform beam management for one or more other entities using wireless communication in a sidelink, configuring the multiple resources in a resource pool for sidelink communication. In the time domain, the resource pool can include continuous or discontinuous time slots, where each time slot includes multiple symbols. In the frequency domain, the resource pool can be divided into multiple continuous sub-channels. The resource pool can include a set of resources for data transmission, such as transmitting data payloads (i.e., data packets).

[0104] The entities mentioned can be network devices. Network devices can be next-generation NodeBs (gNBs), base stations (BSs), roadside units (RSUs), transmit / receive points (TRPs), etc. The one or more other entities can be devices used for wireless communication, such as devices for communication using RF waves. The one or more other entities can be user equipment (UEs). UEs can be mobile phones, handheld devices, devices in vehicles, or devices on robots, etc.

[0105] The foregoing descriptions of entities according to the first aspect and entities according to the second aspect are correspondingly applicable to entities according to the third aspect. The descriptions of entities according to the third aspect are correspondingly applicable to entities according to the first aspect and entities according to the second aspect.

[0106] The third aspect's entity, its implementation, and optional features achieve the same advantages as the first aspect's entity, its corresponding implementation, and its corresponding optional features.

[0107] In order to implement the entity according to the third aspect of this disclosure, some or all of the implementations and optional features of the third aspect as described above may be combined with each other.

[0108] A fourth aspect of this disclosure provides a method for wireless communication in a sidelink. The method includes beam management in the sidelink by an entity for wireless communication in the sidelink using a resource set from a plurality of resources, wherein the plurality of resources are used for beam management.

[0109] The description above of the entity according to the first aspect is correspondingly applicable to the method according to the fourth aspect.

[0110] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, the method includes the entity performing beam management of the side link by transmitting and receiving one or more signals on the resource set using one or more beams.

[0111] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, the method includes beam management by the entity using the resource set from the plurality of resources, wherein the plurality of resources are used for beam management and are part of a resource pool for sidelink communication.

[0112] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, the method includes the entities communicating according to a communication protocol, and the plurality of resources being configured for beam management according to the communication protocol.

[0113] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, the method includes the entity obtaining information about the resource set from another entity used for wireless communication, or the entity selecting the resource set from the plurality of resources.

[0114] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, the method includes the entity selecting the resource set from the plurality of resources by:

[0115] - Use the beam of the entity to search for control information among the multiple resources.

[0116] -Based on the control information of one or more of the plurality of resources used to locate the control information using the beam, determine one or more reserved resources among the plurality of resources.

[0117] -Idle resources are determined from the plurality of resources by excluding one or more reserved resources identified from the plurality of resources, and

[0118] - Select at least one of the determined idle resources as one or more resources in the resource set.

[0119] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, the method includes the entity selecting one or more of the determined idle resources for the beam as one or more resources for transmitting a reference signal using the beam.

[0120] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, the method includes the entity selecting a subset of one or more resources from the resource set for transmitting a reference signal on the subset of one or more resources using a beam of the entity.

[0121] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, the method includes the entity using the beam to transmit the reference signal and control information associated with the beam over a subset of one or more resources.

[0122] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, the method includes the entity selecting a subset of one or more resources from the resource set for receiving a beam alignment response with respect to the entity's beam.

[0123] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, the method includes the entity receiving the beam alignment response for the beam of the entity on a subset of one or more resources for receiving the beam alignment response for the beam of the entity.

[0124] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, the method includes the entity selecting a subset of resources from the resource set for transmitting a reference signal on the subset of resources using multiple beams of the entity.

[0125] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, the method includes the entity transmitting the reference signal and control information associated with the beam on one or more resources in a subset of the resources using a beam from one of the entity's plurality of beams.

[0126] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, the method includes the entity selecting one or more resources from a subset of the resources for the beam.

[0127] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, the method includes the entity selecting a subset of resources from the resource set for receiving beam alignment responses with respect to a plurality of beams of the entity.

[0128] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, the method includes the entity selecting one or more resources from a subset of resources for receiving beam alignment responses with respect to the beams among the plurality of beams.

[0129] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, the method includes the entity receiving a beam alignment response for one or more of the selected resources regarding the beams among the plurality of beams.

[0130] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, the method includes the entity searching for control information among the plurality of resources.

[0131] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, the method includes the entity obtaining information about the plurality of resources from another entity used for wireless communication and / or a data storage associated with the entity.

[0132] The method, implementation, and optional features of the fourth aspect achieve the same advantages as the entity, implementation, and optional features of the first aspect.

[0133] In order to implement the method according to the fourth aspect of this disclosure, some or all of the implementations and optional features of the fourth aspect as described above may be combined with each other.

[0134] A fifth aspect of this disclosure provides a method for wireless communication in a side link, wherein the method includes searching for control information among a plurality of resources for beam management.

[0135] The description above of the entity according to the second aspect is correspondingly applicable to the method according to the fifth aspect.

[0136] In an implementation of the fifth aspect, the method includes receiving reference signals and control information on one or more of the plurality of resources by an entity for wireless communication in a side link using a beam, and determining by the entity whether the reference signals are directed at itself based on the received control information.

[0137] In an implementation of the fifth aspect, the method includes measuring the reference signal received power (RSRP) of the reference signal received on one or more of the plurality of resources using the beam by an entity for wireless communication in the side link.

[0138] In an implementation of the fifth aspect, the method includes the entity for wireless communication in the side link obtaining information from the received control information about a subset of one or more resources among the plurality of resources used to transmit beam alignment responses using the beam.

[0139] In an implementation of the fifth aspect, the method includes the entity for wireless communication in the side link transmitting the beam alignment response using the beam on a subset of the one or more resources for transmitting the beam alignment response.

[0140] In an implementation of the fifth aspect, the method includes the entity for wireless communication in the side link obtaining information about the plurality of resources from another entity for wireless communication and / or a data storage associated with the entity.

[0141] The method, implementation, and optional features of the fifth aspect achieve the same advantages as the entity, implementation, and optional features of the first aspect.

[0142] In order to implement the method according to the fifth aspect of this disclosure, some or all of the implementations and optional features of the fifth aspect as described above may be combined with each other.

[0143] A sixth aspect of this disclosure provides a method for wireless communication, wherein the method includes configuring a plurality of resources for beam management of one or more other entities for wireless communication in a sidelink. The method may include configuring the plurality of resources for sidelink beam management of one or more other entities for wireless communication in a sidelink.

[0144] The description above of the entity according to the third aspect is correspondingly applicable to the method according to the sixth aspect.

[0145] The method, implementation, and optional features of the sixth aspect achieve the same advantages as the entity, implementation, and optional features of the first aspect.

[0146] In order to implement the method according to the sixth aspect of this disclosure, some or all of the implementations and optional features of the sixth aspect as described above may be combined with each other.

[0147] It should be noted that all devices, elements, units, and apparatuses described in this application can be implemented in software or hardware elements or any combination thereof. All steps performed by the various entities described in this application, and functions described as being performed by the various entities, are intended to indicate that the respective entities are suitable for or used to perform the respective steps and functions. Although in the following description of specific embodiments, the specific functions or steps performed by external entities are not reflected in the detailed description of the specific elements of the entities performing the specific steps or functions, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these methods and functions can be implemented in the corresponding software or hardware elements or any combination thereof. Attached Figure Description

[0148] The aspects and implementation methods described above will be explained and illustrated in the specific embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0149] Figure 1 An example of an entity for wireless communication according to this disclosure is shown;

[0150] Figure 2 An example of an entity for wireless communication according to this disclosure is shown;

[0151] Figure 3An example of an entity for wireless communication according to this disclosure is shown;

[0152] Figure 4 It shows according to Figure 1 Examples of use cases for entities;

[0153] Figure 5 It shows according to Figure 1 Examples of entities and based on Figure 2 Examples of use cases for entities;

[0154] Figure 6a , 6b Examples of methods for wireless communication according to this disclosure are shown in 6c and 6c respectively;

[0155] Figure 7 , 8 Examples of methods for wireless communication according to this disclosure are shown in 9 and 10 respectively;

[0156] Figure 11a Examples of a transmitter user equipment using beamforming for transmission and a receiver user equipment using beamforming for reception are shown; and

[0157] Figure 11b Examples of transmitter user equipment that uses beams for transmission and user equipment that uses beams for sensing are shown.

[0158] In the accompanying drawings, corresponding elements are labeled with the same reference numerals. Detailed Implementation

[0159] Figure 1 An example of an entity for wireless communication according to this disclosure is shown. Figure 1 Entity 100 is an example of an entity for wireless communication according to the first aspect of this disclosure. The description of the entity according to the first aspect is correspondingly applicable to... Figure 1 Entity 100.

[0160] Figure 1 Entity 100 is an entity used for wireless communication in a side link. Entity 100 is used for beam management using a resource set SET1 from multiple resources RES, wherein the multiple resources RES are used for beam management.

[0161] Entity 100 may include a processor or processing circuitry (not shown) for performing, conducting, or initiating various operations of entity 100 as described herein. The processing circuitry may include hardware, and / or may be controlled by software. The hardware may include analog or digital circuitry, or both. The digital circuitry may include components such as application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), or multi-purpose processors. Entity 100 may also include memory circuitry storing one or more instructions that can be executed by the processor or processing circuitry, particularly under software control. For example, the memory circuitry may include a non-transitory storage medium storing executable software code that, when executed by the processor or processing circuitry, causes various operations of entity 100 to be performed. In one embodiment, the processing circuitry includes one or more processors and a non-transitory memory connected to the one or more processors. The non-transient memory can hold executable program code that, when executed by one or more processors, causes entity 100 to perform, conduct, or initiate the operations or methods described herein.

[0162] Entity 100 may include one or more antennas for wireless communication. Where entity 100 includes multiple antennas, two or more of the multiple antennas may form an antenna array.

[0163] about Figure 1 For further details of entity 100, refer to the entity in accordance with the first aspect of this disclosure and Figure 4 , 5 Descriptions of 7 and 8.

[0164] Figure 2 An example of an entity for wireless communication according to this disclosure is shown. Figure 2 Entity 200 is an example of an entity for wireless communication according to the second aspect of this disclosure. The description of the entity according to the second aspect is correspondingly applicable to... Figure 2 Entity 200.

[0165] Figure 2 Entity 200 is an entity used for wireless communication in a side link, wherein entity 200 is used to search for control information in multiple resources RES used for beam management.

[0166] Entity 200 may include a processor or processing circuitry (not shown) for performing, conducting, or initiating various operations of entity 200 as described herein. The processing circuitry may include hardware, and / or may be controlled by software. The hardware may include analog or digital circuitry, or both. The digital circuitry may include components such as application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), or multi-purpose processors. Entity 200 may also include memory circuitry storing one or more instructions that can be executed by the processor or processing circuitry, particularly under software control. For example, the memory circuitry may include a non-transitory storage medium storing executable software code that, when executed by the processor or processing circuitry, causes various operations of entity 200 to be performed. In one embodiment, the processing circuitry includes one or more processors and a non-transitory memory connected to the one or more processors. The non-transitory memory may carry executable program code that, when executed by the one or more processors, causes entity 200 to perform, conduct, or initiate the operations or methods described herein.

[0167] Entity 200 may include one or more antennas for wireless communication. Where entity 200 includes multiple antennas, two or more of the antennas may form an antenna array.

[0168] about Figure 2 For further details of entity 200, refer to the entity in accordance with the second aspect of this disclosure and Figure 4 , 5 Descriptions of 9 and 10.

[0169] Figure 3 An example of an entity for wireless communication according to this disclosure is shown. Figure 3 Entity 300 is an example of an entity for wireless communication according to the third aspect of this disclosure. The description of the entity according to the third aspect is correspondingly applicable to... Figure 3 Entity 300.

[0170] Figure 3 Entity 300 is an entity used for wireless communication, wherein entity 300 is used to configure multiple resources RES for beam management of one or more other entities 400 used for wireless communication in the side walkway. This beam management can be side walkway beam management. Figure 3 As shown, this entity can be used to configure multiple resources RES, which may be part of a resource pool RP for sidelink communication, for beam management by one or more other entities 400 for wireless communication in the sidelink.

[0171] Entity 300 may include a processor or processing circuitry (not shown) for performing, conducting, or initiating various operations of entity 300 as described herein. The processing circuitry may include hardware, and / or may be controlled by software. The hardware may include analog or digital circuitry, or both. The digital circuitry may include components such as application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), or multi-purpose processors. Entity 300 may also include memory circuitry storing one or more instructions executable by the processor or processing circuitry, particularly under software control. For example, the memory circuitry may include a non-transitory storage medium storing executable software code that, when executed by the processor or processing circuitry, causes various operations of entity 300 to be performed. In one embodiment, the processing circuitry includes one or more processors and a non-transitory memory connected to the one or more processors. The non-transitory memory may carry executable program code that, when executed by the one or more processors, causes entity 300 to perform, conduct, or initiate the operations or methods described herein.

[0172] Entity 300 may include one or more antennas for wireless communication. Where entity 300 includes multiple antennas, two or more of the antennas may form an antenna array.

[0173] about Figure 3 For further details of entity 300, refer to the entity under the third aspect of this disclosure and Figure 4 and 5 The description.

[0174] Figure 4 It shows according to Figure 1 Examples of use cases for entities. For Figure 4 The use case assumes that entity 100 is a transmitter user equipment (Tx UE) comprising four beams B1, B2, B3, and B4. In cases where entity 100 is a different device used for wireless communication and / or there are different numbers of beams, Figure 4 The description is correspondingly valid. Furthermore, it is assumed that the multiple resources RES used for beam management are part of a resource pool RP used for sidelink communication; in the time domain t, the resource pool RP comprises continuous or discontinuous time slots, where each time slot comprises multiple symbols; and in the frequency domain f, the resource pool RP is divided into multiple continuous sub-channels. Figure 4 In the diagram, multiple resources (RES) used for beam management are indicated by areas marked with the reference numeral "R1". The remaining resources in the resource pool (RP) can be used for other purposes, such as data transmission.

[0175] existFigure 4 In the use case, assume that Tx UE 100 uses a resource set SET1 from multiple resources RES, where resource set SET1 includes 20 resources labeled 1 to 20. Furthermore, assume that Tx UE 100 performs beam scanning on 16 resources using its four beams B1, B2, B3, and B4, whereby the Tx UE transmits reference signals RS on the four resources using the corresponding beams. For example, Tx UE 100 uses the first beam B1 to transmit reference signals RS on resources 1, 5, 9, and 13. Tx UE 100 uses the second beam B2 to transmit reference signals RS on resources 2, 6, 10, and 14. Tx UE 100 uses the third beam B3 to transmit reference signals RS on resources 3, 7, 11, and 15. Tx UE 100 uses the fourth beam B4 to transmit reference signals RS on resources 4, 8, 12, and 16. The reference signal RS may include or may be at least one of the following: demodulation reference signal (DMRS), channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), sidelink CSI-RS, sounding reference signal (SRS), synchronization signal block (SSB), sidelink SSB, primary synchronization signal (PSS), secondary synchronization signal (SSS), sidelink PSS, sidelink SSS, positioning reference signal (PRS), and sidelink PRS. In cases where Tx UE 100 uses different total resources and / or different numbers of beams and / or different numbers of resources per beam for beam scanning, Figure 4 The description is correspondingly valid. Assume that UE100 uses four resources for receiving corresponding alignment responses for transmissions using four beams B1, B2, B3, and B4. For example, resource 17 is allocated by UE100 for receiving an alignment response when beam alignment is achieved with the first beam B1. Resource 18 is allocated by UE100 for receiving an alignment response when beam alignment is achieved with the second beam B2. Resource 19 is allocated by UE100 for receiving an alignment response when beam alignment is achieved with the third beam B3. Resource 20 is allocated by UE100 for receiving an alignment response when beam alignment is achieved with the fourth beam B4. In cases where UE100 uses a different total number of resources for receiving alignment responses and / or a different number of resources per beam for receiving alignment responses, Figure 4 The description is valid accordingly.

[0176] In other words, Tx UE 100 can be used to select a subset of resources (the first subset) from resource set SET1 for transmitting the reference signal RS on that subset of resources (the first subset) using multiple beams of Tx UE 100. Assume the first resource subset includes resources 1 to 16, and assume the multiple beams are beams B1, B2, B3, and B4. Figure 4As shown, Tx UE 100 is used to transmit a reference signal RS and control information CI associated with that beam on one or more resources in a first resource subset using a beam from one of the multiple beams of Tx UE 100. Figure 4 For example, UE 100 can transmit on four resources in the first resource subset (resources 1, 5, 9, and 13 for beam B1, resources 2, 6, 10, and 14 for beam B2, resources 3, 7, 11, and 15 for beam B3, and resources 4, 8, 12, and 16 for beam B4) for each of multiple beams B1, B2, B3, and B4. To this end, UE 100 can select one or more corresponding resources from the first resource subset for each beam.

[0177] Tx UE 100 can be used to select a subset (second subset) of resources from resource set SET1 for receiving beam alignment responses for multiple beams of Tx UE 100. Assume the second resource subset includes resources 17 to 20, and assume the multiple beams are beams B1, B2, B3, and B4. UE 100 can be used to select one or more resources from the second resource subset for receiving beam alignment responses for a beam among the multiple beams of UE 100. According to... Figure 4 For example, UE 100 can select a resource from a second subset of resources (resource 17 for beam B1, resource 18 for beam B2, resource 19 for beam B3, and resource 20 for beam B4) for receiving beam alignment responses for each of the multiple beams B1, B2, B3, and B4. UE 100 can then be used to receive beam alignment responses for each of the multiple beams B1, B2, B3, and B4 on the corresponding selected resource.

[0178] Resources within multiple resources RES can include one or more symbols in one or more sub-channels. Resources within resource set SET1 can include one or more symbols in one or more sub-channels. Optionally, two or more resources in resource set SET1 can be different. Resources in resource set SET1 can be used for beamforming transmission / reception, i.e., transmission / reception of reference signals RS and control information CI associated with beams in multiple beams B1, B2, B3, and B4 of UE 100. For example, according to Figure 4 Resources 1 to 16 are used to transmit reference signals RS and control information CI associated with the corresponding beams B1, B2, B3, or B4 of UE 100. Figure 4Resources 17 to 20 can be used to receive alignment responses using the corresponding beams B1, B2, B3 or B4 of the UE, wherein the alignment response may include, for example, a reference signal RS and control information CI associated with the corresponding beam.

[0179] like Figure 4 As indicated by the circle at the bottom, the Control Information CI can include the Physical Side Link Control Channel (PSCCH) and the Physical Side Link Shared Channel (PSSCH). The Control Information CI can also be referred to as Side Link Control Information (SCI). The SCI associated with beamforming transmission, i.e., the SCI associated with the beam used for transmission, can be transmitted in two phases: the PSCCH can carry the first-phase SCI, and the PSSCH can carry the second-phase SCI. The PSSCH can also carry a MAC subheader. The minimum scheduling unit for resources used for beam management (e.g., beam scanning) can be different from the minimum scheduling unit for data transmission, i.e., a subchannel within a time slot. Figure 4 For example, three groups of resources R1 in multiple resources RES can be multiplexed in the frequency domain in a single time slot. Group R1 can, for example, include four resources multiplexed in the time domain, such as those used for beam scanning (e.g., resources 1 to 4, resources 5 to 8, resources 9 to 12, or resources 13 to 16). This is merely an example and may vary. The description is valid accordingly. The SCI can also be transmitted only in the PSCCH, allowing the reference signal to be transmitted independently using the PSCCH, i.e., without using the PSSCH.

[0180] according to Figure 4 For example, a time slot can include 14 symbols. Each resource 1 to 20 in resource set SET1 can include two symbols, which include PSCCH, PSSCH (i.e., control information CI), and a reference signal RS for beam scanning. This is merely an example and may vary. The description is valid accordingly. Figure 4 As exemplarily shown in the bottom circle, the PSCCH can occupy a predetermined set of frequency resources (i.e., frequency sub-channels) across two symbols of a corresponding resource (e.g., resource 1, resource 2, resource 3, or resource 4). These two symbols can be referred to as the second symbol and the third symbol. In the two symbols of the corresponding resource, the PSSCH and the reference signal RS can be multiplexed together with the PSCCH in the frequency domain. Optionally, the first symbol can be used for automatic gain control (AGC) purposes. This symbol may include a copy of the adjacent symbol (i.e., the second symbol). The AGC symbol can be considered part of the corresponding resource (e.g., ...). Figure 4(As exemplified in the example), therefore, considering the AGC notation, the corresponding resource could include three symbols. This is merely an example and may vary. The description is valid accordingly. Figure 4 The example depicts four resources from resource set SET1 within a time slot. In another example, a time slot may include only one resource from resource set SET1.

[0181] All symbols within a given resource can be transmitted using the same transmission power. Additionally, protection symbols may not be required between consecutive resources in resource set SET1, but AGC symbols allow for changes in beam (Tx beam or Rx beam) or transmission power between consecutive resources. Protection symbols can be introduced between consecutive resources to support UE handover from transmitting on one resource to receiving on the next consecutive resource.

[0182] The first-stage SCI can carry the destination ID and optionally the source ID. The first-stage SCI may include information regarding reservations and / or alignment responses for other resources used for beam scanning (e.g., a first subset of resources 1 to 16 for transmitting reference signals RS using beams B1, B2, B3, and B4). Its advantage lies in the fact that the receiver UE (Rx UE) (not in...) Figure 4 (As shown in the diagram) it is possible to decode only the first-stage SCI to determine whether these Rx UEs are target Rx UEs for the beam scanning process. Additionally, this also allows for the detection of UEs (not shown in the diagram). Figure 5 (As shown in the diagram) Only the first-stage SCI is decoded to know the reserved resources, i.e., the awareness used to support the mode 2 resource allocation, thereby selecting the resources for the beam scanning process. Where part of the source ID and destination ID is indicated in the MAC subheader carried by the PSSCH, the Rx UE also decodes the PSSCH to verify whether the Rx UE is the target Rx UE for the beam scanning process.

[0183] If the source ID is not carried in the first-stage SCI, the second-stage SCI carries the source ID and / or an indication of the resources to be used for the alignment response (e.g., a second subset of resources 17 to 20 for receiving beam alignment responses for beams B1, B2, B3, and B4) and a mapping to the beam scanning resources. This has the advantage that only the target Rx UE decodes the second-stage SCI, for example, to know on which resources(s) the alignment response is transmitted. Additionally, this has the advantage that the Tx UE 100 can flexibly configure the resources in resource set SET1 used for beam scanning and alignment responses.

[0184] like Figure 4As shown, the Tx UE 100 can reserve multiple resources within resource set SET1 for the beam scanning process (e.g., in one time slot or multiple time slots), including resources for scanning one or more Tx beams (e.g., resources 1 to 16 for scanning beams B1 to B4) and resources associated with one or more Tx beams for beam alignment response (e.g., resources 17 to 20, where resource 17 is associated with beam B1, resource 18 with beam B2, resource 19 with beam B3, and resource 20 with beam B4). Figure 4 As exemplified, beam scanning of a Tx beam can be performed on multiple resources across several time slots to support beam scanning of different Rx beams at the Rx UE (e.g., Figure 4 As shown). According to Figure 4 For example, UE 100 uses four resources in one time slot for beam training of four Tx beams B1 to B4. Additionally, as... Figure 4 As shown, UE 100 can train each of the four Tx beams B1 to B4 in multiple time slots within resource set SET1 of the multiple resources RES used for beam management. According to Figure 5 The resources and / or number of beams used for beam scanning are for illustrative purposes only and may vary. The description is valid accordingly.

[0185] Tx UE 100 can select resource set SET1 according to either Mode 1 or Mode 2 resource allocation schemes, for example, for performing beam scanning procedures. Tx UE 100 can independently decide which Tx beams (e.g., which beams among B1, B2, B3, and B4) to use for beam scanning, and which one or more resources in resource set SET1 to use to transmit the reference signal RS using a given Tx beam. For example, according to... Figure 5 Assume that UE 100 has decided to use all four beams B1 to B4, using resources 1, 5, 9 and 13 to transmit the reference signal RS using beam B1, using resources 2, 6, 10 and 14 to transmit the reference signal RS using beam B2, using resources 3, 7, 11 and 15 to transmit the reference signal RS using beam B3, and using resources 4, 8, 12 and 16 to transmit the reference signal RS using beam B4.

[0186] Tx UE 100 can be configured with resources for alignment responses; that is, it can decide which resources(s) to select for alignment responses, i.e., on which resources(s) it should listen for (i.e., receive) alignment responses. For example, according to... Figure 11bSuppose the UE has decided to select resource 17 to listen for (i.e., receive) alignment responses regarding beam scans using beam B1, resource 18 to listen for (i.e., receive) alignment responses regarding beam scans using beam B2, resource 19 to listen for (i.e., receive) alignment responses regarding beam scans using beam B3, and resource 20 to listen for (i.e., receive) alignment responses regarding beam scans using beam B4. For example, the Tx UE 100 can perform beam scans using multiple Tx beams in multiple time slots before configuring the time slots for alignment responses associated with each scanned Tx beam. In other words, the Tx UE 100 can train multiple Tx beams in multiple time slots before configuring the time slots for alignment responses associated with each trained Tx beam.

[0187] The time slot structure used for beam scanning can be the same as the time slot structure used for alignment response. The Rx UE, as the target Rx UE in the beam scanning process, can transmit the alignment response on a subset of the resources selected by Tx UE 100 from resource set SET1 for the alignment response. That is, the target Rx UE in the beam scanning process can transmit an alignment response using a reference signal RS received with a given Tx beam. The Rx UE can determine the alignment response associated with the reference signal RS transmitted by Tx UE 100 using a given Tx beam based on RSRP (e.g., measured using the Rx UE's Rx beam). When transmitting the alignment response, the Rx UE can indicate the reserved resources in resource set SET1 in the first-stage SCI (used for other beam management procedures, such as beam maintenance between Tx UE and Rx UE) based on the reserved resources in resource set SET1 indicated by the Tx UE in the first-stage SCI received by the Rx UE. This allows the same resources to be reserved from both Tx UE 100 and Rx UE (i.e., from both ends of the link). The Rx UE can use the beam used to receive the Tx beam to transmit an alignment response. Using the beam alignment response, a measurement report is not required because Tx UE 100 can measure the channel quality upon receiving the alignment response, and in this way, it can know the optimal Tx beam based on the response from the Rx UE. Optionally, the Rx UE can transmit a measurement report to Tx UE 100, for example, in the PSSCH. The Rx UE can transmit the measurement report in the alignment response, i.e., the RSRP associated with the reference signal RS transmitted with the given Tx beam. The aforementioned Rx UE exemplarily... Figure 11b The example shown is UE200. This UE is an example of an entity according to the second aspect of the specification; therefore, the description of the entity in the second aspect and... Figure 4 The description of RxUE 200 applies correspondingly to the RxUE described above.

[0188] Tx UE 100 does not need to use all resources used for beam scanning in the time slots of resource set SET1. For example, Tx UE can use Tx beam B1 and Tx beam B2 for transmission in the first two resources used for beam scanning in one time slot. The half-duplex issue in sidelink communication, where UEs may not be able to transmit and receive in the same symbol, can be resolved by configuring Tx UE 100 not to always transmit on resource set SET1 used for beam scanning. This allows Tx UE 100 to listen for beam scanning-related transmissions from other UEs. This is similar to how SyncRef UEs in NR V2X version 16 do not always transmit S-SSBs but instead search for higher-priority synchronization sources.

[0189] Because multiple resources (RES) used for beam management are shared among multiple UEs, two UEs (e.g., UE A and UE B) can transmit reference signals (RS) for beam scanning on the same resource set. For example, if UE A (using beam X) and UE B (using beam Y) perceive that the resource is idle, then UE A (using beam X) and UE B (using beam Y) can transmit beam scanning on that same resource, as in mode 2. This is in Figure 4 As exemplarily shown in [the text]. Figure 5 In the example, assume UE 113 transmits using beam 113a on resource R2. Therefore, when another UE 114 uses beam 114a, which is not aligned with beam 113a, for sensing, UE 114 determines that resource R2 is idle for transmissions using beam 114a. Therefore, UE 113 can use beam 113a for transmission, and UE 114 can use beam 114a to transmit for beam scanning on the same resource R2.

[0190] Figure 1 The Tx UE 100 can perform beam management, such as beam scanning, before, during, or after establishing a link with another UE. Before searching the PSCCH in each sub-channel, for devices intended for Rx UEs (not in... Figure 2 For potential data transmissions (as shown in the diagram), the Rx UE can first search within multiple resources RES used for beam management for its intended beam management (e.g., beam scanning) process, as described below.

[0191] Figure 5 It shows according to Figure 4 Examples of entities and based on Figure 5 Examples of use cases for entities. Figure 4 The use cases correspond to Figure 5 The use cases, among which, Figure 5Rx UE 200 is shown. Therefore, Figure 5 The description is correspondingly applicable to Figure 5 Use cases. For Figure 5 In this use case, assume entity 100 is a transmitter user equipment (TxUE) comprising four beams B1, B2, B3, and B4, and entity 200 is a receiver user equipment (RxUE) comprising four beams B1', B2', B3', and B4'. In cases where entities 100 and / or 200 are different devices used for wireless communication and / or different numbers of beams exist, Figure 5 The description is valid accordingly.

[0192] like Figure 6a As shown, Tx UE 100 can scan its four Tx beams B1 to B4 on four resources (e.g., 1, 2, 3, and 4 in the first time slot) used for beam scanning in a time slot. Tx UE 100 can repeat the beam scan of the four Tx beams B1 to B4 on four different time slots within resource set SET1. This allows Rx UE 200 to receive the reference signal RS transmitted by Tx UE 100 using each of the four Tx beams B1 to B4 using the four Rx beams B1' to B4'. In other words, Rx UE 200 can receive transmissions performed by Tx UE 100 using each of the four Tx beams B1 to B4 in each time slot using one Rx beam (e.g., in the first time slot including resources 1 to 4, Tx UE 100 can use a different one of the four beams B1 to B4 to transmit at each resource, and Rx UE 200 can receive transmissions on resources 1 to 4 using beam B1' during the first time slot). The number of time slots during repeated beam scanning is only an example and can vary. The description is valid accordingly. The reference signal RS may include or may be at least one of the following: demodulation reference signal (DMRS), channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), sidelink CSI-RS, sounding reference signal (SRS), synchronization signal block (SSB), sidelink SSB, primary synchronization signal (PSS), secondary synchronization signal (SSS), sidelink PSS, sidelink SSS, positioning reference signal (PRS), sidelink PRS, etc.

[0193] Tx UE 100 does not need to know the capabilities of Rx UE 200, i.e., the number of Rx beams at Rx UE 200, because the beam scanning process can be repeated over several time slots within resource set SET1, thus providing Rx UE 200 with multiple opportunities to receive using different Rx beams. In this way, Rx UE 200 can use different Tx beam-Rx beam pairs to measure signal strength, i.e., RSRP. For example, as... Figure 6aAs shown, in the first time slot including resources 1, 2, 3, and 4, Rx UE 200 can receive signals using Rx beam B1'. In the second time slot including resources 5, 6, 7, and 8, Rx UE 200 can receive signals using Rx beam B2'. In the third time slot including resources 9, 10, 11, and 12, Rx UE 200 can receive signals using Rx beam B3'. In the fourth time slot including resources 13, 14, 15, and 16, Rx UE 200 can receive signals using Rx beam B4'.

[0194] Rx UE 200 identifies Rx beam B3' as the optimal Rx beam and Tx UE 100 identifies Tx beam B4, which is used for transmission on resource 12 in the third time slot, as the optimal Tx beam. Although Rx UE 200 may have identified an Rx beam with a sufficiently strong RSRP in the third time slot of resource set SET1, Tx UE 100 can still transmit the reference signal RS in the fourth time slot on resources 13, 14, 15, and 16 of resource set SET1. That is, Tx UE 100 may not be aware of Rx UE 200's identification, and Rx UE 200 may still be able to identify a stronger Tx beam-Rx beam pair.

[0195] Rx UE 200 can determine, based on control information (e.g., SCI) received using the optimal Tx beam-Rx beam pair (i.e., control information received using Rx beam B3' on resource 12 in the third time slot of resource set SET1), which determines on which resource it can transmit the alignment response associated with the identified optimal Tx beam (i.e., Tx beam B4). The control information indicates (configured by Tx UE 100) a mapping between resources used for transmitting the reference signal RS using the Tx beam (e.g., resource 12 in the third time slot used for transmission using beam B4) and resources that should be used for the alignment response associated with that Tx beam (e.g., resource 20 used for the alignment response associated with Tx beam B4). This mapping can be indicated using control information transmitted in the resource using each Tx beam. Figure 6aFor example, Rx UE 200 can transmit an alignment response associated with beam B4 on resource 20 in the fifth time slot of the configured resource set SET1. For this purpose, Rx UE 200 can use Rx beam B3'. That is, in order to indicate the optimal Tx beam to the Tx UE, Rx UE 200 can use Rx beam B3' on resource 20 in the fifth time slot of the configured resource set SET1 to transmit an alignment response associated with Tx beam B4. Therefore, a mapping can exist between resources 4, 8, 12, and 16 on which Tx UE 100 uses beam B4 to transmit reference signals (e.g., for beam scanning) and resource 20 on which Rx UE 200 should transmit an alignment response regarding beam B4 to Tx UE 100.

[0196] Tx UE 100 can use the beam used to transmit the associated reference signal RS on resources to listen for alignment responses. For example, Tx UE 100 can use Tx beam B4 to receive the alignment response transmitted by Rx UE 200 using Rx beam B3'. After receiving the alignment response, Tx UE 100 can determine the optimal Tx beam (based on...) Figure 6a For example, it is beam B4). TxUE 100 can measure the RSRP of the alignment response, which allows TxUE 100 to know the strength of the link.

[0197] Figure 1 An example of a method for wireless communication according to this disclosure is shown. Figure 1 The method is an example of a method for wireless communication according to the fourth aspect of this disclosure. The description of the method according to the fourth aspect is correspondingly applicable to... Figure 6a The method.

[0198] Figure 6a The method is a method for wireless communication in a side walkway. The method includes a step S1a where an entity for wireless communication in a side walkway performs beam management using a resource set from multiple resources, wherein the multiple resources are used for beam management. The entity could be, for example, a... Figure 6b The entity. Figure 6b The entity can execute Figure 6b The method.

[0199] about Figure 6b For further details of the method, refer to the method in the fourth aspect.

[0200] Figure 6b An example of a method for wireless communication according to this disclosure is shown. Figure 2 The method is an example of a method for wireless communication according to the fifth aspect of this disclosure. The description of the method according to the fifth aspect is correspondingly applicable to... Figure 6b The method.

[0201] Figure 6c The method is a method for wireless communication in a side link, wherein the method includes step S1b of searching for control information among multiple resources for beam management in a side link. Figure 6c The method can be performed by an entity used for wireless communication in the side link, such as Figure 6c The entity.

[0202] about Figure 6c For further details of the method, refer to the method in aspect five.

[0203] Figure 6c An example of a method for wireless communication according to this disclosure is shown. Figure 3 The method is an example of a method for wireless communication according to the sixth aspect of this disclosure. The description of the method according to the sixth aspect is correspondingly applicable to... Figure 3 The method.

[0204] Figure 7 The method is a method for wireless communication, wherein the method includes step S1c of configuring multiple resources for beam management of one or more other entities for wireless communication in a side link. Figure 7 The method can be performed by an entity used for wireless communication, such as... Figure 7 The entity.

[0205] about Figure 1 For further details of the method, refer to the method in aspect six.

[0206] Figure 7 An example of a method for wireless communication according to this disclosure is shown. Figure 7 The method is an example of a method for wireless communication according to the fourth aspect of this disclosure. The description of the method according to the fourth aspect is correspondingly applicable to... Figure 1 The method. Figure 2 The entity can execute Figure 8 The method.

[0207] Figure 4 An example of the process at the transmitter UE (Tx UE) is shown, which wants to transmit to the receiver UE (Rx UE) via beamforming in a side link. Assume Tx UE is... Figure 8 Examples of entities. Assume Rx UE is... Figure 8 Examples of entities. The following description applies when the transmitter and / or receiver are devices different from the UE.

[0208] Based on a trigger for data transmission, the Tx UE can select resource set SET1 from multiple resources RES used for beam management. Beam management can be sidelink beam management. Assuming the Tx UE wants to perform beam alignment, resource set SET1 can therefore include resources for beam scanning and for beam alignment response. Since beam alignment can occur before a link is established between a pair of UEs, selecting resource set SET1 for the beam management process (e.g., beam scanning) can also be performed without a trigger for data transmission. In other words, the method can include step S71 of selecting resource set SET1 from multiple resources RES used for beam management. Resources RES can be used for sidelink beam management. Step S71 can be triggered by a trigger for data transmission or not. Step S71 can be performed by the Tx UE alone (i.e., independently of other steps). The selection of resource set SET1 can be performed according to either Mode 1 or Mode 2 resource allocation schemes. In other words, the Tx UE can obtain information about the resource set from another entity used for wireless communication, which can be a network device. This corresponds to a resource allocation scheme that can be called Mode 1. In this case, the network selects resource set SET1 from multiple resources RES used for beam management and indicates the selected resource set SET1 to the Tx UE, for example, by wirelessly transmitting information about the selected resource set SET1 to the Tx UE. Alternatively, the Tx UE can select resource set SET1 from multiple resources RES used for beam management. This corresponds to a resource allocation scheme that can be called Mode 2. Regarding Figure 8 An example of this Mode 2 resource allocation scheme process is described exemplarily.

[0209] In step S72, following step S71, the Tx UE can use each of its multiple beams to transmit a reference signal and associated control information on a subset (first subset) of resources (in resource set SET1) used for transmitting reference signals using the multiple beams of the Tx UE. The Tx UE can select the first resource subset from resource set SET1. The control information can be a two-stage SCI as described above. In other words, the Tx UE can select a subset of resources from resource set SET1 and transmit the reference signal and two-stage SCI on that subset of resources using different beams. For a description of the control information that can be transmitted, refer to... Figure 1The corresponding description. Optionally, the two-stage SCI may include a PSSCH carrying a MAC subheader, which includes other parts of the source ID and destination ID. The reference signal may include or may be at least one of the following: demodulation reference signal (DMRS), channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), sidelink CSI-RS, sounding reference signal (SRS), synchronization signal block (SSB), sidelink SSB, primary synchronization signal (PSS), secondary synchronization signal (SSS), sidelink PSS, sidelink SSS, positioning reference signal (PRS), sidelink PRS, etc.

[0210] In step S73, following step S72, the Tx UE can receive a beam alignment response for any one of the multiple beams on a subset (a second subset) of resources (in resource set SET1) used to receive beam alignment responses for the multiple beams of the Tx UE. The Tx UE can select the second resource subset from resource set SET1. In other words, after transmission using different Tx beams, in step S73, the Tx UE can listen for alignment responses for the multiple beams of the Tx UE on the second resource subset, i.e., listen on the resources configured for this purpose by the Tx UE. The mapping between the resources used for transmissions using the Tx beams and the resources used for the corresponding alignment responses can be indicated in the control information carried by the Tx beam (i.e., the control information associated with the Tx beam). The Tx UE can use the Tx beam to listen for alignment responses associated with transmissions using the same beam.

[0211] If the Tx UE does not receive a response, it can continue to transmit the reference signal using its Tx beam. This allows the Rx UE to receive using different Rx beams and supports Rx UEs with different numbers of Rx beams. If the Tx UE receives an alignment response, it knows the optimal Tx beam for transmission to the Rx UE. That is, in step S74 after step S73, the Tx UE can use the alignment response received from the Rx UE to determine the optimal beam among its multiple beams for transmission to the Rx UE. The Tx UE can measure the RSRP based on the reference signal transmitted resource-wise by the Rx UE along with the alignment response. The Rx UE can transmit a measurement report as part of the alignment response, indicating the RSRP measured using the optimal Tx beam-Rx beam pair. The Tx UE can use the RSRP to determine the Tx power to use for a given Tx beam. After identifying the optimal Tx beam, the Tx UE can transmit an acknowledgment of beam alignment back to the Rx UE. For this purpose, other resources within resource set SET1 can be used. Such resources can be reserved and indicated in control information (e.g., SCI) that the different Tx beams scanned in the first round of beam scanning performed by the Tx UE are used for transmission. Steps S71, S72, S73, and S74 can be performed separately as a beam management process. That is, in order to perform the beam alignment process, the entity used for wireless communication, such as the Tx UE, can perform steps S71 to S74.

[0212] In an optional step S75 following step S74, the Tx UE can select a resource (determined in step S74) for data transmission using the optimal Tx beam (from a pool of resources RES used for beam management), which is not part of a pool of resources RES. This resource selection can follow the same Mode 1 and Mode 2 procedures for resource allocation for data transmission. These multiple resources can be part of a resource pool used for sidelink communication. The resource for data transmission can be selected from resources in the resource pool that are not used for beam management. The Tx UE can select the resource for data transmission based on the optimal Tx beam, for example, by performing Mode 2 awareness as the selected Tx beam as the Rx beam. The Tx UE can indicate to the Rx UE the selected resource to be used for data transmission using the selected beam pair (i.e., for transmission using the optimal Tx beam from the resources of resource set SET1). In an optional step S76 following step S74, the Tx UE can transmit data for the Rx UE using the optimal Tx beam on the selected resource for data transmission.

[0213] Figure 8An example of a method for wireless communication according to this disclosure is shown. Figure 8 The method is an example of a method for wireless communication according to the fourth aspect of this disclosure. The description of the method according to the fourth aspect is correspondingly applicable to... Figure 8 The method. Figure 1 The entity can execute Figure 8 The method.

[0214] Figure 8 A flowchart illustrates the process by which an aware UE selects resource set SET1 from multiple resources RES used for beam management (e.g., sidelink beam management). That is, Figure 9 An example of selecting resource set SET1 based on mode 2 resource allocation is shown. Assume the perceived UE is... Figure 9 Examples of entities. The following description applies when the perceived UE is a device different from the UE.

[0215] In step S81, the sensing UE uses its beam to search for control information (e.g., search for PSCCH) in multiple resources RES. The UE can search for all potential locations of the PSCCH in each of the multiple resources RES used for beam management (e.g., beam scanning). For example, the sensing UE can detect the presence of the PSCCH by measuring the RSRP based on a reference signal (e.g., demodulation reference signal (DMRS)) transmitted in the PSCCH. The sensing UE can perform the search using different beams, such that the sensing result is associated with a given beam. Figure 9 As indicated, a sensing UE can use the same beam Bsens to search for control information (e.g., PSCCH) on multiple resources within the same symbol. These multiple resources can be used by different UEs (e.g., UE A, UE B, UE C, and UE D) for their beam management (e.g., beam scanning) procedures. Figure 2As shown, for resources multiplexed on the same symbol but in the frequency domain, the sensing UE can use the same beam Bsens to search for control information (e.g., PSCCH) in these different resources. In step S82 following step S81, it is determined whether control information is found. If no control information is found (i.e., "No" at step S82), the sensing UE can continue searching for control information in multiple resources. If control information (e.g., PSSCH) is found (i.e., "Yes" at step S82), then in step S83, the sensing UE can determine one or more reserved resources in multiple resource RES based on the control information of one or more resources among the multiple resource RES where control information was found using the beam. For example, assuming the control information is in the PSCCH, the sensing UE can decode the PSCCH and use the first-stage SCI carried in the PSCCH to determine one or more reserved resources in multiple resource RES. In this way, the sensing UE can determine reserved resources using a given beam. In step S84 following step S83, the sensing UE can determine free resources in multiple resource RES by excluding one or more reserved resources determined from multiple resource RES. In step S85, following step S84, the sensing UE can select at least one of the determined idle resources as one or more resources in resource set SET1. In an optional step S85a, following step S85 or replacing step S85, the sensing UE can select one or more of the determined idle resources for a beam (used for the search in step S81) as one or more resources for transmitting reference signals using that beam (e.g., for performing beam management such as beam scanning). That is, optionally, on resources reserved by other UEs among multiple resources RES, the sensing UE can use a given beam to perform resource selection for its beam management (e.g., beam scanning). In other words, the sensing UE can select some available resources after excluding reserved resources. The exclusion of reserved resources can follow a process similar to the resource selection for data transmission using mode 2, i.e., resources can be excluded based on RSRP thresholds.

[0216] Figure 9 An example of a method for wireless communication according to this disclosure is shown. Figure 9 The method is an example of a method for wireless communication according to the fifth aspect of this disclosure. The description of the method according to the fifth aspect is correspondingly applicable to... Figure 2 The method. Figure 4 The entity can execute Figure 10 The method.

[0217] Figure 10An example of the process is shown at the target receiver user equipment (target Rx UE) for data transmission, i.e., at the Rx UE that is the intended Rx UE for the transmission. Assume the target Rx UE is... Figure 10 Examples of entities. The following description applies when the target receiver is a device different from the UE.

[0218] In step S91, the Rx UE uses a beam to search for control information in multiple resources RES used for beam management (e.g., sidelink beam management). That is, the Rx UE can use a given Rx beam to search for beam management (e.g., beam scanning) on ​​multiple resources RES. To this end, the Rx UE can search for the PSCCH at potential locations in each of the multiple resources RES. The UE can detect the presence of the PSCCH based on a reference signal transmitted in the PSCCH (e.g., a demodulation reference signal (DMRS)). The UE can search for beam management (e.g., beam scanning) based on a reference signal RS that can be transmitted in each of the multiple resources RES. That is, the UE can search for the PSCCH by measuring the RSRP associated with the reference signal transmitted in the resource used for beam alignment. If this RSRP is higher than a threshold, the Rx UE can decode the PSCCH to determine whether the Rx UE is the target Rx UE for the beam scanning process (e.g., using the source ID and destination ID carried in the first-stage SCI). Optionally, a portion of the UE ID can be included in the MAC subheader, which can be carried by the PSSCH. In this case, the Rx UE can decode the PSSCH to determine if it is the target Rx UE. Therefore, as described above, in step S92 following step S91, the Rx UE can use this beam to receive the reference signal RS and control information CI on one or more of the multiple resources RES. (The remaining text appears to be incomplete and requires further context.) Figure 2The control information is summarized below. In step S93, it is determined whether the received reference signal is for the Rx UE. If it is not for the Rx UE, i.e., "No" at step S93, the Rx UE can continue to use the beam to search for control information in multiple resources RES. If the received reference signal is for the Rx UE, i.e., "Yes" at step S93, the Rx UE can determine the optimal beam for the Rx UE and the optimal beam for the Tx UE in step S94 from which it receives the reference signal and control information. That is, if the Rx UE has identified a beam management (e.g., beam scanning) process for itself, it can determine the optimal Rx beam in step S94. To this end, the Rx UE can measure RSRP on different resources of the beam management (e.g., beam scanning) process. In other words, the Rx UE can determine the optimal beam for the Rx UE and the optimal beam for the Tx UE by determining the resource with the highest RSRP.

[0219] The Rx UE can determine one or more of the multiple resources (RES) on which it should transmit an alignment response. This is based on a mapping between the Tx beam and the resources (RES) used for the associated alignment response. The Rx UE can obtain this information about the one or more resources used for transmitting the alignment response, such as information about the mapping described above, using control information received on the resource with the best Tx beam (i.e., control information received on the resource on which the UE measures the best beam pair (i.e., determining the best beam for the Rx UE and the best beam for the Tx UE).

[0220] In step S95, following step S94, the Rx UE may transmit the alignment response on a subset of one or more resources (RES) used for transmitting the beam alignment response. For example, the Rx UE may use the optimal beam for receiving the optimal Tx beam to transmit the alignment response. As part of the alignment response, the Rx UE may transmit a PSCCH indicating reserved resources for beam management (e.g., beam scanning) procedures. The Rx UE may transmit a reference signal as part of the alignment response, i.e., allowing the Tx UE to measure the RSRP of the alignment response. As part of the alignment response, the Rx UE may transmit a PSSCH, which may carry a second-stage SCI and another portion of the source ID and destination ID. After transmitting the alignment response, the Rx UE may optionally listen for acknowledgments from the Tx UE in resources reserved for the Tx UE's beam management (e.g., beam scanning) procedures, i.e., acknowledgments for the Tx UE's reception of the beam alignment. Steps S91, S92, S93, S94, and S95 may be performed individually. These steps can be performed, in particular, by the Rx UE during the beam alignment process, which instructs the finding of the optimal Tx beam-Rx beam pair by transmitting an alignment response from the Rx UE to the Tx UE.

[0221] In an optional step S96 following step S95, the Rx UE searches for control information using its optimal beam (determined in step S94) in a resource that is not part of a plurality of resources RES. For example, the Rx UE may search for the PSCCH using its optimal Rx beam in a resource used for data communication, i.e., a resource that is not part of a plurality of resources RES used for beam management. In an optional step S97 following step S96, the Rx UE may receive data transmission. For example, after the Rx UE detects the PSCCH for data transmission and decodes the second-stage SCI to determine that it is the intended Rx UE for data transmission, the Rx UE may receive the data carried in the PSSCH associated with the detected PSCCH.

[0222] Figure 10 An example of a method for wireless communication according to this disclosure is shown. Figure 10 The method is an example of a method for wireless communication according to the fifth aspect of this disclosure. The description of the method according to the fifth aspect is correspondingly applicable to... Figure 2 The method. Figures 4 to 10 The entity can execute ​ The method.

[0223] ​ An example of the process is shown at the target receiver user equipment (target Rx UE) for data transmission, i.e., at the Rx UE that is the intended Rx UE for the transmission. Assume the target Rx UE is... ​ Examples of entities. The following description applies when the target receiver is a device different from the UE.

[0224] In step S101, the Rx UE searches for the PSCCH on multiple resources (RES) used for beam management using the given Rx beam. In step S102, following step S101, the Rx UE can detect the presence of the PSCCH based on the demodulation reference signal (DMRS) carried in the PSCCH. If the Rx UE does not find the PSCCH (i.e., "No" at step S102), the Rx UE can continue searching for the PSCCH. If the Rx UE finds the PSCCH (i.e., "Yes" at step S102), the Rx UE decodes the first-stage SCI in step S103 to determine the destination ID and / or source ID, and in step S104 checks whether the Rx UE is the target Rx UE for the beam management (e.g., beam scanning) process. A portion of the source ID and destination ID can be carried in the MAC subheader, which can also be carried in the PSSCH. In this case, the Rx UE can decode the PSSCH for this purpose.

[0225] If the Rx UE is not the target Rx UE (i.e., "No" at step S104), the Rx UE can continue searching the PSCCH. If the Rx UE is the target Rx UE (i.e., "Yes" at step S104), it can determine the RSRP of the resources received using the beam (for the search in step S101). In other words, if the Rx UE has identified a beam management (e.g., beam scanning) process for it, the Rx UE can measure the RSRP of the resources received using the given Rx beam (for the search in step S101) in step S105. In step S106, following step S105, the Rx UE can decode the second-stage SCI to determine a subset of one or more resources for transmitting the alignment response associated with the Tx beam. In step S107 following step S106, the Rx UE can transmit an alignment response on corresponding resources (i.e., on a subset of the one or more resources) using the given Rx beam. These corresponding resources include a reference signal, a PSCCH carrying the first-stage SCI, and a PSSCH carrying the second-stage SCI. Optionally, the alignment response may include a MAC subheader carrying other portions of the source ID and destination ID.

[0226] The above text is about ​ Examples of the described use cases and methods can be applied before, during, and after a link is established between a pair of UEs. If this occurs before link establishment, the Tx UE can perform a beam management (e.g., beam scanning) procedure for all Rx UEs, i.e., broadcast, provided that the Tx UE and Rx UE are part of a public network. In this case, the destination ID corresponds to all Rx UEs. If this occurs during link establishment, the Tx UE can transmit a direct communication request (DCR) message for link establishment in control information (e.g., in the PSSCH). The Rx UE can then transmit a direct communication accept (DCA) message as part of the alignment response. To support multiple Rx UEs sending back alignment responses, different reference signals can be considered, or different reference signals can be used for different UEs. For example, different reference signals for different UEs can be orthogonal. If this occurs after link establishment, the Tx UE can perform a beam management (e.g., beam scanning) procedure for a specific Rx UE, i.e., with appropriate source and destination IDs.

[0227] This disclosure has been described in conjunction with various embodiments and implementations as examples. However, based on a study of the drawings, this disclosure, and the independent claims, those skilled in the art will understand and implement other variations when carrying out the claimed subject matter. In the claims and the description, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite article "a" does not exclude a plurality. A single element or other unit can perform the function of several entities or items described in the claims. The fact that certain measures are described in different dependent claims does not mean that combinations of these measures cannot be used in advantageous implementations.

Claims

1. An entity (100) for wireless communication in a sidelink, characterized in that - the entity (100) is configured to use a set (SET1) of resources from a plurality of resources (RES) for beam management, wherein the plurality of resources (RES) are configured for beam management.

2. The entity (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that - the entity (100) is configured to perform beam management of the sidelink by transmitting and receiving one or more signals on the set (SET1) of resources using one or more beams (B1, B2, B3, B4).

3. The entity (100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that - the entity (100) is configured to use the set (SET1) of resources from the plurality of resources (RES) for beam management, wherein the plurality of resources (RES) are configured for beam management and are part of a resource pool for sidelink communication.

4. The entity (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the entity (100) is configured to communicate according to a communication protocol, and - the plurality of resources (RES) are configured for beam management according to the communication protocol.

5. The entity (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, - the entity (100) is configured to - obtain information about the set (SET1) of resources from another entity for wireless communication, or - select the set (SET1) of resources from the plurality of resources (RES).

6. The entity (100) according to claim 5, characterized in that - the entity (100) is configured to select the set (SET1) of resources from the plurality of resources (RES) by - searching (S81) for control information (CI) in the plurality of resources (RES) using a beam of the entity (100), - determining (S83) one or more reserved resources of the plurality of resources (RES) based on the control information (CI) of one or more resources of the plurality of resources (RES) in which the control information (CI) is found using the beam, - determining (S84) free resources in the plurality of resources (RES) by excluding the determined one or more reserved resources from the plurality of resources (RES), and - selecting (S85) at least one of the determined free resources as one or more resources in the set (SET1) of resources.

7. The entity (100) according to claim 6, characterized in that - the entity (100) is configured to select (S85a) one or more of the determined free resources as one or more resources for transmitting a reference signal (RS) using the beam for the beam.

8. The entity (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the entity (100) is configured to select a subset of one or more resources from the set (SET1) of resources for transmitting a reference signal (RS) on the subset of one or more resources using a beam of the entity (100).

9. The entity (100) according to claim 8, characterized in that - the entity (100) is configured to transmit the reference signal (RS) and control information (CI) associated with the beam on a subset of one or more resources of the set of resources (SET1) using the beam.

10. The entity (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein - the entity (100) is configured to select a subset of one or more resources from the set of resources (SET1) for receiving a beam alignment response regarding a beam of the entity (100).

11. The entity (100) according to claim 10, wherein - the entity (100) is configured to receive the beam alignment response regarding the beam of the entity (100) on the subset of one or more resources for receiving the beam alignment response regarding the beam of the entity (100).

12. The entity (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein - the entity (100) is configured to select a subset of resources (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16) from the set of resources (SET1; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20) for transmitting a reference signal (RS) on the subset of resources (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16) using a plurality of beams (B1, B2, B3, B4) of the entity (100).

13. The entity (100) according to claim 12, wherein - the entity (100) is configured to transmit the reference signal (RS) and control information (CI) associated with a beam (B1; B2; B3; B4) of the plurality of beams (B1, B2, B3, B4) of the entity (100) on one or more resources (1, 5, 9, 13; 2, 6, 10, 14; 3, 7, 11, 15; 4, 8, 12, 16) of the subset of resources (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16).

14. The entity (100) according to claim 13, wherein - the entity (100) is configured to select the one or more resources (1, 5, 9, 13; 2, 6, 10, 14; 3, 7, 11, 15; 4, 8, 12, 16) from the subset of resources (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16) for the beam (B1; B2; B3; B4).

15. The entity (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and 12 to 14, wherein - the entity (100) is configured to select, from the set of resources (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20), a subset (17, 18, 19, 20) of resources for receiving a beam alignment response for a plurality of beams (B1, B2, B3, B4) of the entity (100).

16. The entity (100) according to claim 15, wherein - the entity (100) is configured to select, for a beam (B1; B2; B3; B4) of the plurality of beams (B1, B2, B3, B4), one or more resources (17; 18; 19; 20) for receiving the beam alignment response for the beam (B1; B2; B3; B4) of the plurality of beams (B1, B2, B3, B4) from the subset (17, 18, 19, 20) of resources for receiving the beam alignment response for the plurality of beams (B1, B2, B3, B4) of the entity (100).

17. The entity (100) according to claim 16, wherein - the entity (100) is configured to receive the beam alignment response for the beam (B1; B2; B3; B4) of the plurality of beams (B1, B2, B3, B4) on the selected one or more resources (17, 18, 19, 20).

18. The entity (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein - the entity (100) is configured to search for control information (CI) in the plurality of resources (RES).

19. An entity (200) for wireless communication in a sidelink, wherein - the entity (200) is configured to search for control information in a plurality of resources (RES) for beam management.

20. The entity (200) according to claim 19, characterized by The entity (200) is configured to: - receive (S92) a reference signal (RS) and control information (CI) on one or more resources of the plurality of resources (RES) using a beam, and - determine (S93), based on the received control information, whether the reference signal is directed to itself.

21. The entity (200) according to claim 20, characterized by The entity (200) is configured to: - measure the reference signal received power, RSRP, of the reference signal received on the one or more resources of the plurality of resources (RES) using the beam.

22. The entity (200) according to claim 20 or 21, wherein - the entity (200) is configured to obtain, from the received control information (CI), information about a subset of one or more resources of the plurality of resources (RES) for transmitting a beam alignment response using the beam.

23. The entity (200) according to claim 22, wherein - the entity (200) is configured to transmit the beam alignment response using the beam on the subset of one or more resources for transmitting the beam alignment response.

24. The entity (100, 200) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by, The entity (100, 200) is configured to obtain information about the plurality of resources (RES) from: - another entity for wireless communication, and / or - a data storage associated with the entity.

25. An entity (300) for wireless communication, characterized in that - the entity (300) is configured to configure a plurality of resources (RES) for one or more other entities (400) for wireless communication in a sidelink for beam management.

26. A method for wireless communication in a sidelink, comprising: The method comprises: - using (S1a), by an entity for wireless communication in a sidelink, a set of resources from a plurality of resources for beam management, wherein the plurality of resources are used for beam management.

27. A method for wireless communication in a sidelink, comprising: The method comprises: - searching (S1b) for control information in the plurality of resources for beam management.

28. A method for wireless communication, comprising: The method comprises: - configuring (S1c) a plurality of resources for one or more other entities for wireless communication in a sidelink for beam management.

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