Maximum power reduction

Abstract

The disclosure of the present specification provides a UE configured to operate in a wireless system, the UE comprising: a transceiver; a processor operatively connectable to the transceiver, where the processor is configured to: determine a maximum output power based on the MPR; the S-SSB is transmitted via an unlicensed band based on the maximum output power, where the power level of the UE is power level 5, where the value of the MPR is based on RB allocation, where the RB allocation is a configuration for sub-bands used for transmitting the S-SSB, where each of the sub-bands is 20 MHz, where the RB allocation is an external RB set configuration, where the value of the MPR is 12.5 dB or less, where each of the sub-bands is 20 MHz. Based on the RB allocation being an internal RB set configuration, the value of MPR is 9.5 dB or less.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present specification relates to mobile communications. BACKGROUND

[0002] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a technology for enabling high-speed packet communications. Many schemes have been proposed for the LTE objective including those that aim to reduce user and provider costs, improve service quality, and expand and improve coverage of and system capacity. The 3GPP LTE needs to consider many aspects that are not taken into account in related art mobile communication technologies.

[0003] Requirements and specifications have been started to be developed for a new radio (NR) system in the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and 3GPP. The 3GPP must identify and develop the technology components that will enable successful standardization of a new RAT that will meet urgent market needs and the more long-term requirements set forth by the ITU Radio communication sector (ITU-R) International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)-2020 process. Furthermore, NR should be able to use any spectrum band between even higher than 100 GHz that can be used for wireless communication in even a more distant future.

[0004] The NR aims to solve all usage scenarios, requirements, and deployment scenarios in a single technical framework, including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC), etc. The NR should be inherently forward compatible.

[0005] In the 5G NR, a terminal can apply a maximum output power requirement (or requirement) to determine a transmission power. For example, the maximum output power requirement can be a maximum power reduction (MPR) value.

[0006] The power class refers to the maximum power of all transmission bandwidths within a channel bandwidth of an NR carrier measured for one subframe (1 ms) period.

[0007] An MPR value for a power class 5 terminal of SL-U is required. SUMMARY

[0008] Solution to the problem

[0009] An MPR for a power class 5 of a SL-U UE is proposed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 An example of a communication system to which implementations of the present disclosure are applied is illustrated.

[0011] Figure 2An example of a wireless device to which implementations of the present disclosure can be applied is shown.

[0012] Figure 3 An example of a UE to which implementations of the present disclosure can be applied is shown.

[0013] Figure 4 FIG. is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0014] Figure 5 FIG. is an example of an electromagnetic spectrum.

[0015] Figure 6 is a wireless communication system.

[0016] Figure 7 The structure of a radio frame used in NR is exemplified.

[0017] Figure 8 An example of subframe types in NR is shown.

[0018] Figure 9a and Figure 9b An example of a method of limiting transmission power of a UE is shown.

[0019] Figure 10 An example of an S-SSB structure is shown.

[0020] Figure 11 MPR simulation results according to scenarios of the present disclosure are shown.

[0021] Figure 12 S-SSB MPR simulation results according to the present disclosure for Tx power backoff of channel bandwidth 20 MHz, 40 MHz, and 60 MHz for 1Tx SL-U power class 5 are shown.

[0022] Figure 13 S-SSB MPR simulation results according to the present disclosure for Tx power backoff of channel bandwidth 80 MHz for 1Tx SL-U power class 5 are shown.

[0023] Figure 14 S-SSB MPR simulation results according to the present disclosure for Tx power backoff of channel bandwidth 100 MHz for 1Tx SL-U power class 5 are shown.

[0024] Figure 15 MPR simulation results according to scenarios of the present disclosure are shown.

[0025] Figure 16S-SSB MPR simulation results for Tx power backoff for channel bandwidth 20 MHz, 40 MHz, and 60 MHz for 1Tx SL-U power class 5 are shown.

[0026] Figure 17 S-SSB MPR simulation results for Tx power backoff for channel bandwidth 80 MHz for 1Tx SL-U power class 5 are shown.

[0027] Figure 18 S-SSB MPR simulation results for Tx power backoff for channel bandwidth 100 MHz for 1Tx SL-U power class 5 are shown.

[0028] Figure 19 Carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when CBW is 40 MHz.

[0029] Figure 20 Carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when CBW is 60 MHz.

[0030] Figure 21 Carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when CBW is 60 MHz.

[0031] Figure 22 Carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when CBW is 60 MHz.

[0032] Figure 23 Carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when CBW is 60 MHz.

[0033] Figure 24 Carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when CBW is 80 MHz.

[0034] Figure 25 Carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when CBW is 80 MHz.

[0035] Figure 26 Carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when CBW is 80 MHz.

[0036] Figure 27 Carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when CBW is 80 MHz.

[0037] Figure 28 Carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when CBW is 80 MHz.

[0038] Figure 29Carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when CBW is 80 MHz.

[0039] Figure 30 Carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when CBW is 100 MHz.

[0040] Figure 31 Carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when CBW is 100 MHz.

[0041] Figure 32 Carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when CBW is 100 MHz.

[0042] Figure 33 Carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when CBW is 100 MHz.

[0043] Figure 34 Carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when CBW is 100 MHz.

[0044] Figure 35 Carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when CBW is 100 MHz.

[0045] Figure 36 Carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when CBW is 100 MHz.

[0046] Figure 37 Carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when CBW is 100 MHz.

[0047] Figure 38 Carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when CBW is 100 MHz.

[0048] Figure 39 Carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when CBW is 100 MHz.

[0049] Figure 40 Carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when CBW is 100 MHz.

[0050] Figure 41 Carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when CBW is 100 MHz.

[0051] Figure 42 MPR simulation results are shown for scenarios according to the present disclosure.

[0052] Figure 42 S-SSB MPR simulation results are shown for SL-U power class 5.

[0053] Figure 43 S-SSB MPR simulation results for Tx power backoff for channel bandwidths 20 MHz, 40 MHz, and 60 MHz for 1Tx SL-U power class 5 are shown.

[0054] Figure 44 S-SSB MPR simulation results for Tx power backoff for channel bandwidth 80 MHz for 1Tx SL-U power class 5 are shown.

[0055] Figure 45 S-SSB MPR simulation results for Tx power backoff for channel bandwidth 100 MHz for 1Tx SL-U power class 5 are shown.

[0056] Figure 46 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure of a UE according to the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The following techniques, devices, and systems can be applied to various wireless multiple access systems. Examples of the multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and multi-carrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA) systems. CDMA can be implemented by radio technology such as universal terrestrial radio access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented by radio technology such as global system for mobile communications (GSM), general packet radio service (GPRS), or enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented by radio technology such as institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, or evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). UTRA is part of universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS). 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE) is part of evolved UMTS (E-UMTS). LTE employs OFDMA in downlink (DL) and employs SC-FDMA in uplink (UL). LTE-A is an evolution of LTE. LTE-A employs OFDMA in downlink (DL) and employs SC-FDMA in uplink (UL). LTE-A also includes LTE-A Pro. 5G new radio (NR) is an evolution of LTE-A.

[0058] For convenience of description, implementation modes of the disclosure are described mainly with respect to a 3GPP-based wireless communication system. However, technical features of the disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, although the following detailed description is given based on a mobile communication system corresponding to a 3GPP-based wireless communication system, aspects of the disclosure not limited to the 3GPP-based wireless communication system are applicable to other mobile communication systems.

[0059] For terms and technologies not specifically described among terms and technologies employed in the disclosure, reference can be made to wireless communication standard documents published before the disclosure.

[0060] In the disclosure, "A or B" can mean "A only," "B only," or "both A and B." In other words, "A or B" in the disclosure can be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, "A, B, or C" in the disclosure can mean "A only," "B only," "C only," or "any combination of A, B, and C."

[0061] In the disclosure, a slash ( / ) or a comma (,) can mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" can mean "A only," "B only," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C."

[0062] In the disclosure, "at least one of A and B" can mean "A only," "B only," or "both A and B." In addition, the expression "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" in the disclosure can be interpreted as the same as "at least one of A and B."

[0063] In addition, in the disclosure, "at least one of A, B, and C" can mean "A only," "B only," "C only," or "any combination of A, B, and C." In addition, "at least one of A, B, or C" or "at least one of A, B, and / or C" can mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0064] Further, parentheses used in the disclosure can mean "for example." Specifically, when it is shown as "control information (PDCCH)," "PDCCH" can be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in the disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" can be proposed as an example of "control information." In addition, even when it is shown as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)," "PDCCH" can be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0065] Technical features described separately in one drawing in the disclosure can be implemented separately or simultaneously.

[0066] Although not limited thereto, various descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts of the present disclosure disclosed herein can be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication and / or connection between devices (e.g., 5G).

[0067] Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described in greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the same drawing reference numerals can refer to the same and / or corresponding hardware block, software block, and / or functional block in the following drawings and / or description.

[0068] Figure 1 An example of a communication system to which implementations of the present disclosure are applied is illustrated.

[0069] Figure 1 The 5G use cases illustrated in FIG. 1 are merely exemplary and the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied to other 5G use cases not illustrated in FIG. 1. Figure 1 The technical features of the present disclosure can be applied to other 5G use cases not illustrated in FIG. 1.

[0070] Three major requirement categories of 5G include (1) enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) category, (2) massive machine type communications (mMTC) category, and (3) ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) category.

[0071] Referring to FIG. 2, Figure 1 The communication system 1 includes wireless devices 100a to 100f, base stations (BSs) 200, and a network 300. Although Figure 1 Although a 5G network is exemplified as an example of the network of the communication system 1, implementations of the present disclosure are not limited to the 5G system and can be applied to future communication systems other than the 5G system.

[0072] The BSs 200 and the network 300 can be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device can operate as a BS / network node with respect to other wireless devices.

[0073] The wireless devices 100a to 100f represent devices that perform communication using a radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G NR or LTE), and can be referred to as communication / radio / 5G devices. The wireless devices 100a to 100f can include, but are not limited to, a robot 100a, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2, an extended reality (XR) device 100c, a handheld device 100d, a home appliance 100e, an Internet of Things (IoT) device 100f, and an artificial intelligence (AI) device / server 400. For example, the vehicles can include vehicles with wireless communication functionality, self-driving vehicles, and vehicles capable of performing communication between vehicles. The vehicles can include unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (e.g., drones). The XR device can include an augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) / mixed reality (MR) device, and can be implemented in the form of a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) mounted in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance device, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The handheld device can include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or smartglasses), and a computer (e.g., a notebook). The home appliance can include a TV, a refrigerator, and a washing machine. The IoT device can include a sensor and a smartmeter.

[0074] In the disclosure, the wireless devices 100a to 100f can be referred to as user equipment (UE). The UE can include, for example, a cellular phone, a smartphone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcasting terminal, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation system, a slate personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, an ultrabook, a vehicle, a vehicle with autonomous driving function, a connected car, a UAV, an AI module, a robot, an AR device, a VR device, an MR device, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a FinTech device (or a financial device), a security device, a weather / environment device, a device related to 5G services, or a device related to the fourth industrial revolution field.

[0075] The wireless devices 100a-100f can be connected to the network 300 via the BSs 200. The AI technology can be applied to the wireless devices 100a-100f, and the wireless devices 100a-100f can be connected to the AI server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, and a super 5G network. Although the wireless devices 100a-100f can communicate with each other through the BSs 200 / network 300, the wireless devices 100a-100f can perform direct communication (e.g., sidelink communication) with each other without going through the BSs 200 / network 300. For example, the vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 can perform direct communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) / vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). The IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a-100f.

[0076] Wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c can be established between the wireless devices 100a-100f and / or between the wireless devices 100a-100f and the BSs 200 and / or between the BSs 200. In this document, the wireless communication / connections can be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication (or device-to-device (D2D) communication) 150b, inter-base station communication 150c (e.g., relay, integrated access and backhaul (IAB)), etc. The wireless devices 100a-100f and the BSs 200 / wireless devices 100a-100f can transmit / receive radio signals to / from each other through the wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c. For example, the wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least a part of various configuration information configuration procedures, various signal processing procedures (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / demapping), and resource allocation procedures for transmitting / receiving radio signals can be performed based on various proposals of the disclosure.

[0077] NR supports multiple numerologies (and / or multiple subcarrier spacings (SCSs)) to support various 5G services. For example, if the SCS is 15 kHz, wide areas can be supported in a legacy cellular band, and if the SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, dense cities, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidths can be supported. If the SCS is 60 kHz or more, a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz can be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0078] The NR band can be defined as two types of frequency ranges, i.e., frequency range 1 (FR1) and frequency range 2 (FR2). The numerical values of the frequency ranges can change. For example, the frequency ranges of the two types (FR1 and FR2) can be as shown in Table 1. For ease of explanation, in the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 can mean "sub-6 GHz range," FR2 can mean "above 6 GHz range," and can be referred to as millimeter wave (mmW).

[0079] [Table 1]

[0080]

[0081] As described above, the numerical values of the frequency ranges of the NR system can change. For example, FR1 can include a frequency band of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz as shown in Table 2 below. That is, FR1 can include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850 MHz, 5900 MHz, 5925 MHz, etc.) or more. For example, the frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850 MHz, 5900 MHz, 5925 MHz, etc.) or more included in FR1 can include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band can be used for various purposes (e.g., communication for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving)).

[0082] [Table 2]

[0083]

[0084] Here, the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices of this disclosure may include narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) technologies for low-power communication, as well as LTE, NR, and 6G. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technology, implemented in specifications such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and may not be limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally and / or alternatively, the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices of this disclosure may communicate based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be referred to by various names such as enhanced MTC (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various specifications such as 1) LTE Cat 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-bandwidth limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE machine-type communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and may not be limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally and / or alternatively, the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices of this disclosure may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and / or LPWAN, which take into account low-power communication, and may not be limited to the names mentioned above. For example, ZigBee technology may generate personal area networks (PANs) associated with low-power / low-power digital communication based on various specifications such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0085] Figure 2 An example of a wireless device that applies the implementation of this disclosure is shown.

[0086] exist Figure 2 In this context, the first wireless device 100 and / or the second wireless device 200 can be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service. For example, {the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200} can correspond to... Figure 1 At least one of {wireless devices 100a to 100f and BS 200}, {wireless devices 100a to 100f and wireless devices 100a to 100f} and / or {BS 200 and BS 200}. The first wireless device 100 and / or the second wireless device 200 may be configured from various elements, devices / components and / or modules.

[0087] The first wireless device 100 may include at least one transceiver (such as transceiver 106), at least one processing chip (such as processing chip 101), and / or one or more antennas 108.

[0088] The processing chip 101 may include at least one processor (such as processor 102) and at least one memory (such as memory 104). Additionally and / or alternatively, the memory 104 may be located outside the processing chip 101.

[0089] Processor 102 can control memory 104 and / or transceiver 106, and can be adapted to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts described in this disclosure. For example, processor 102 can process information in memory 104 to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a radio signal including the first information / signal via transceiver 106. Processor 102 can receive a radio signal including a second information / signal via transceiver 106, and then store the information obtained by processing the second information / signal in memory 104.

[0090] Memory 104 may be operatively connected to processor 102. Memory 104 may store various types of information and / or instructions. Memory 104 may store firmware and / or software code 105 that implements code, commands, and / or command sets, which, when executed by processor 102, execute the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure. For example, firmware and / or software code 105 may implement instructions that, when executed by processor 102, execute the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure. For example, firmware and / or software code 105 may control processor 102 to execute one or more protocols. For example, firmware and / or software code 105 may control processor 102 to execute one or more layers of a radio interface protocol.

[0091] In this document, processor 102 and memory 104 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). Transceiver 106 may be connected to processor 102 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 108. Each of transceivers 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. Transceivers 106 may be used interchangeably with radio frequency (RF) units. In this disclosure, first wireless device 100 may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0092] The second wireless device 200 may include at least one transceiver (such as transceiver 206), at least one processing chip (such as processing chip 201), and / or one or more antennas 208.

[0093] The processing chip 201 may include at least one processor (such as processor 202) and at least one memory (such as memory 204). Additionally and / or alternatively, the memory 204 may be located outside the processing chip 201.

[0094] Processor 202 can control memory 204 and / or transceiver 206, and can be adapted to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts described in this disclosure. For example, processor 202 can process information in memory 204 to generate third information / signal, and then transmit a radio signal including the third information / signal via transceiver 206. Processor 202 can receive a radio signal including a fourth information / signal via transceiver 106, and then store the information obtained by processing the fourth information / signal in memory 204.

[0095] Memory 204 may be operatively connected to processor 202. Memory 204 may store various types of information and / or instructions. Memory 204 may store firmware and / or software code 205 that implements code, commands, and / or command sets, which, when executed by processor 202, execute the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure. For example, firmware and / or software code 205 may implement instructions that, when executed by processor 202, execute the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure. For example, firmware and / or software code 205 may control processor 202 to execute one or more protocols. For example, firmware and / or software code 205 may control processor 202 to execute one or more layers of a radio interface protocol.

[0096] In this document, processor 202 and memory 204 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). Transceiver 206 may be connected to processor 202 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 208. Each of transceivers 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. Transceivers 206 may be used interchangeably with RF units. In this disclosure, second wireless device 200 may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0097] The hardware elements of wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described in more detail below. One or more protocol layers can be implemented by (but are not limited to) one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 can implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as the Physical (PHY) layer, Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, and Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer). One or more processors 102 and 202 can generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs), one or more Service Data Units (SDUs), messages, control information, data, or information in accordance with the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information, in accordance with the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure, and provide the generated signals to one or more transceivers 106 and 206. One or more processors 102 and 202 may receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 106 and 206, and acquire PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information, in accordance with the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure.

[0098] One or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. One or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may be configured by a set of communication control processors, application processors (APs), electronic control units (ECUs), central processing units (CPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs), and memory control processors.

[0099] One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be configured with random access memory (RAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, hard disk drive, registers, flash memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be located internally and / or externally to one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 via various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0100] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 can transmit user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 can receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 can be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and transmit and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 can perform control to enable one or more transceivers 106 and 206 to transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. One or more processors 102 and 202 can perform control to enable one or more transceivers 106 and 206 to receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices.

[0101] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more antennas 108 and 208. Additionally and / or alternatively, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include one or more antennas 108 and 208. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be adapted to transmit and receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein via one or more antennas 108 and 208. In this disclosure, one or more antennas 108 and 208 may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports).

[0102] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 can convert received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., from RF band signals to baseband signals so that the received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., can be processed by one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 can also convert user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., processed by one or more processors 102 and 202 from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206, under the control of one or more processors 102 and 202, can upconvert OFDM baseband signals to OFDM signals using their (analog) oscillators and / or filters, and transmit the upconverted OFDM signals at a carrier frequency. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 can receive OFDM signals at a carrier frequency and, under the control of one or more processors 102 and 202, down-convert the OFDM signals into OFDM baseband signals via their (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0103] Despite Figure 2 Not shown, but wireless devices 100 and 200 may also include additional components. Additional component 140 may be configured differently depending on the type of wireless devices 100 and 200. For example, additional component 140 may include at least one of a power unit / battery, input / output (I / O) devices (e.g., audio I / O ports, video I / O ports), drive devices, and computing devices. Additional component 140 may be coupled to one or more processors 102 and 202 via various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0104] In the implementation of this disclosure, the UE can operate as a transmitting device in the uplink (UL) and as a receiving device in the downlink (DL). In the implementation of this disclosure, the BS can operate as a receiving device in the UL and as a transmitting device in the DL. For ease of description, it is primarily assumed below that the first radio device 100 acts as the UE and the second radio device 200 acts as the BS. For example, a processor 102 connected to, installed on, or started in the first radio device 100 can be adapted to perform UE actions according to the implementation of this disclosure, or to control the transceiver 106 to perform UE actions according to the implementation of this disclosure. A processor 202 connected to, installed on, or started in the second radio device 200 can be adapted to perform BS actions according to the implementation of this disclosure, or to control the transceiver 206 to perform BS actions according to the implementation of this disclosure.

[0105] In this disclosure, BS is also referred to as Node B (NB), eNodeB (eNB), or gNB.

[0106] Figure 3 An example of a UE that applies the implementation of this disclosure is shown.

[0107] Reference Figure 3 UE 100 can correspond to Figure 2 The first wireless device 100.

[0108] The UE 100 includes a processor 102, a memory 104, a transceiver 106, one or more antennas 108, a power management module 141, a battery 142, a display 143, a keypad 144, a subscriber identification module (SIM) card 145, a speaker 146, and a microphone 147.

[0109] Processor 102 may be adapted to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure. Processor 102 may be adapted to control one or more other components of UE 100 to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure. A layer of the radio interface protocol may be implemented in processor 102. Processor 102 may include an ASIC, other chipsets, logic circuits, and / or data processing means. Processor 102 may be an application processor. Processor 102 may include at least one of a DSP, CPU, GPU, and modem (modulator and demodulator). Examples of processor 102 can be found in [the following text is missing from the original extract]. Manufactured Series processors, by Manufactured Series processors, by The A-series processors manufactured by Manufactured Series processors, by Manufactured It can be found in the series of processors or the corresponding next-generation processors.

[0110] Memory 104 is operatively coupled to processor 102 and stores various information to operate processor 102. Memory 104 may include ROM, RAM, flash memory, memory cards, storage media, and / or other storage devices. When the implementation is software-based, the techniques described herein can be implemented using modules (e.g., processes, functions, etc.) that perform the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. Modules may be stored in memory 104 and executed by processor 102. Memory 104 may be implemented within or outside processor 102, in which case these memories may be communicatively coupled to processor 102 via various means known in the art.

[0111] Transceiver 106 is operatively coupled to processor 102 and transmits and / or receives radio signals. Transceiver 106 includes a transmitter and a receiver. Transceiver 106 may include baseband circuitry for processing radio frequency signals. Transceiver 106 controls one or more antennas 108 to transmit and / or receive radio signals.

[0112] The power management module 141 manages the power of the processor 102 and / or transceiver 106. The battery 142 supplies power to the power management module 141.

[0113] Display 143 outputs the results processed by processor 102. Keypad 144 receives input that will be used by processor 102. Keypad 144 can be displayed on display 143.

[0114] The SIM card 145 is an integrated circuit designed to securely store the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) number and its associated keys used to identify and authenticate subscribers on mobile devices such as mobile phones and computers. Contact information can also be stored on many SIM cards.

[0115] Speaker 146 outputs the sound-related results processed by processor 102. Microphone 147 receives the sound-related inputs that will be used by processor 102.

[0116] <6G system overview>

[0117] 6G (wireless communication) systems aim to achieve goals such as (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption for battery-free IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The concept of 6G systems can include four aspects: “intelligent connectivity,” “deep connectivity,” “holographic connectivity,” and “universal connectivity,” and 6G systems can meet the requirements shown in Table 3 below. In other words, Table 3 shows the requirements for 6G systems.

[0118] [Table 3]

[0119]

[0120] 6G systems can have key elements such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), AI-integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0121] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication architecture that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0122] 6G systems will offer 50 times more simultaneous wireless connectivity than 5G systems. In 6G communication, URLLC (a key feature of 5G) will become even more important due to its ability to provide end-to-end latency of less than 1 ms. Unlike the frequently used regional spectral efficiency, 6G systems can achieve significantly better volumetric spectral efficiency. 6G systems can offer advanced battery technologies for energy harvesting and very long battery life, meaning mobile devices may not require separate charging. Furthermore, new network characteristics may emerge in 6G.

[0123] - Satellite-integrated networks: To provide global mobile coverage, 6G will be integrated with satellites. Integrating terrestrial waves, satellites, and public networks into a single wireless communication system will likely be crucial for 6G.

[0124] - Connecting Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is revolutionary, and wireless evolution can be updated from "connecting things" to "connecting intelligence." AI can be applied to every step of the communication process (or every signal processing step described below).

[0125] - Seamless integration of wireless messaging and power transfer: 6G wireless networks can deliver power to charge the batteries of devices such as smartphones and sensors. Therefore, wireless messaging and power transfer (WIET) will be integrated.

[0126] - Ubiquitous super 3-dimensional connectivity: Access to networks and core network functions for drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will establish ubiquitous super 3-dimensional connectivity in 6G.

[0127] Among the new network features of 6G, several general requirements may be as follows.

[0128] - Small Cell Networks: The concept of small cell networks was introduced to improve throughput, energy efficiency, and spectral efficiency in cellular systems, thereby enhancing received signal quality. Therefore, small cell networks are a fundamental feature of 5G and beyond (5G) communication systems. Consequently, 6G communication systems will also adopt the characteristics of small cell networks.

[0129] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks: Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks will be another important feature of 6G communication systems. Multi-layered networks composed of heterogeneous networks can improve overall QoS and reduce costs.

[0130] - High-capacity backhaul: Backhaul connections are characterized by a high-capacity backhaul network to support high-capacity services. High-speed fiber optic and free-space optics (FSO) systems may be a possible solution to this problem.

[0131] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision positioning (or location-based services) via communication is one of the functions of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0132] - Software and virtualization: Software and virtualization are two important features that form the basis of the design process in 5GB networks to ensure flexibility, reconfigurability and programmability.

[0133] <Core Implementation Technologies of 6G Systems>

[0134] Artificial intelligence

[0135] The most important and newly introduced technology in 6G systems is AI. 4G systems do not involve AI. 5G systems will support some or very limited AI. However, 6G systems will support AI for full automation. In 6G, advances in machine learning will create smarter networks for real-time communication. When AI is introduced into communication, it can simplify and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analyses to determine methods for performing complex tasks. In other words, AI can improve efficiency and reduce processing latency.

[0136] AI can be used to immediately execute time-consuming tasks such as switching, network selection, and resource scheduling. AI can even play a significant role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communication. Furthermore, AI can enable rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, smart structures, smart networks, smart devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-maintaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0137] Recently, attempts have been made to integrate AI with wireless communication systems at the application or network layers, but deep learning has been primarily focused on wireless resource management and allocation. However, this research is gradually expanding to the MAC and physical layers, specifically attempting to combine deep learning in the physical layer with wireless transmission. AI-based physical layer transmission refers to the application of AI-driven signal processing and communication mechanisms, rather than traditional communication frameworks based on fundamental signal processing and communication mechanisms. Examples include deep learning-based channel coding and decoding, deep learning-based signal estimation and detection, deep learning-based multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) mechanisms, and AI-based resource scheduling and allocation.

[0138] Machine learning can be used for channel estimation and channel tracking, and for power allocation and interference cancellation in the physical layer of deep learning. Additionally, machine learning can be used for antenna selection, power control, and symbol detection in MIMO systems.

[0139] Machine learning refers to a series of operations used to train machines to perform tasks that are impossible or difficult for humans to perform. Machine learning requires data and a learning model. In machine learning, data learning methods can be broadly categorized into three types: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

[0140] Neural network learning aims to minimize output error. It involves repeatedly feeding training data into the neural network, calculating the error between the network's output and the target value based on the training data, backpropagating the error from the output layer back to the input layer to reduce it, and updating the weights of each node in the neural network.

[0141] Supervised learning can use training data labeled with correct answers, while unsupervised learning can use training data without labeled correct answers. That is, for example, in supervised learning for data classification, training data can be labeled with categories. The labeled training data can be input into a neural network, and the network's output (category) can be compared with the labels of the training data to calculate the error. The calculated error is backpropagated from the neural network backward (that is, from the output layer to the input layer), and the connection weights of each node in each layer of the neural network can be updated based on the backpropagation. The change in the updated connection weights of each node can be determined based on the learning rate. The computation of the neural network on the input data and the backpropagation of the error can be configured with a learning period (epoch). The learning data is adapted differently depending on the number of repetitions of the neural network's learning period. For example, a high learning rate can be used in the early stages of neural network learning to improve efficiency, allowing the neural network to quickly establish a certain level of performance, while a low learning rate can be used in the later stages of learning to improve accuracy.

[0142] Learning methods can vary depending on the characteristics of the data. For example, to accurately predict the data transmitted from the transmitter in a receiver of a communication system, supervised learning can be used instead of unsupervised learning or reinforcement learning.

[0143] The learning model corresponds to the human brain and can be viewed as the most basic linear model. However, the paradigm of machine learning that uses highly complex neural network structures (such as artificial neural networks) as learning models is called deep learning.

[0144] The core neural networks used as learning methods can broadly include deep neural networks (DNNs), convolutional deep neural networks (CNNs), recurrent Boltzmann machines (RNNs), and spiking neural networks (SNNs). Such learning models are applicable.

[0145] THz (Terahertz) communications

[0146] Data rates can be increased by increasing bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves (also known as submillimeter radiation) typically refer to a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, corresponding to wavelengths in the range of 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz frequency band (sub-THz band) is considered the main part of the THz band used for cellular communication. When the sub-THz band is added to the millimeter-wave band, 6G cellular communication capacity is increased. The 300 GHz to 3 THz band in the defined THz band is in the far-infrared (IR) band. The 300 GHz to 3 THz band is part of the optical band, but it is on the boundary of the optical band and just behind the RF band. Therefore, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band has similarities to RF.

[0147] Figure 5 An example of the electromagnetic spectrum is shown.

[0148] The key characteristics of THz communication include (i) a wide range of available bandwidth supporting very high data rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (making highly directional antennas indispensable). The narrow beamwidth generated in highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for the integration of a larger number of antenna elements with devices and base stations operating in this band. Therefore, advanced adaptive placement techniques capable of overcoming range limitations can be used.

[0149] Massive MIMO

[0150] One of the core technologies used to improve spectral efficiency is MIMO (Multi-channel Mixing). As MIMO technology improves, spectral efficiency also increases. Therefore, massive MIMO will be crucial in 6G systems. Since MIMO uses multiple paths, emphasis should be placed on multiplexing and beamforming techniques suitable for the THz band to enable data signal transmission through one or more paths.

[0151] Holographic beamforming

[0152] Beamforming is the signal processing procedure of adjusting an antenna array to transmit radio signals in a specific direction. It is a subset of smart antennas or advanced antenna systems. Beamforming technology offers numerous advantages such as high signal-to-noise ratio, interference prevention and suppression, and high network efficiency. Holographic beamforming (HBF) is a novel beamforming method that differs significantly from MIMO systems because it uses software-defined antennas. HBF will be a highly effective method for efficiently and flexibly transmitting and receiving signals in multi-antenna communication devices in 6G.

[0153] Optical wireless technology

[0154] Optical wireless communication (OWC) is a form of optical communication that uses visible light, infrared light (IR), or ultraviolet light (UV) to transmit signals. OWC operating in the visible light band (e.g., 390 nm to 750 nm) is often referred to as visible light communication (VLC). VLC can be implemented using light-emitting diodes (LEDs). VLC can be used in a variety of applications, including wireless local area networks, wireless personal communication networks, and vehicular networks.

[0155] VLC offers several advantages over RF-based technologies. First, VLC occupies a largely untapped / unlicensed spectrum and provides extensive bandwidth (THz levels). Second, VLC causes minimal interference to other electromagnetic devices; therefore, it can be used in electromagnetically sensitive applications such as aircraft and hospitals. Third, VLC offers advantages in communication security and privacy. The transmission medium of VLC-based networks (i.e., visible light) cannot penetrate walls and other opaque obstacles. Therefore, VLC's transmission range can be limited to indoor environments, protecting user privacy and sensitive information. Fourth, VLC can use any light source as a base station, eliminating the need for expensive base stations.

[0156] Free-space optical communication (FSO) is an optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space (such as air), outer space, and vacuum to wirelessly transmit data for use in telecommunications or computer networks. FSO can be used as a terrestrial point-to-point OWC system. FSO can operate in the near-infrared frequency range (750 nm–1600 nm). Laser transmitters can be used in FSO implementations, and FSO can provide high data rates (e.g., 10 Gbit / s), thus offering a potential solution to backhaul bottlenecks.

[0157] In addition to RF-based communication for any possible device-to-access network, these OWC technologies are also planned for 6G communication. These networks will connect access networks to backhaul / fronthaul networks. OWC technology has been in use since 4G communication systems, but will be more widely used to meet the needs of 6G communication systems. OWC technologies such as optical fidelity, visible light communication, optical camera communication, and FSO communication based on optical bands are already well-known. Optical wireless communication can provide very high data rates, low latency, and secure communication.

[0158] LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) can also be used for ultra-high resolution 3D mapping in 6G communications based on optical bands. LiDAR is a remote sensing method that uses near-infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light to illuminate an object and the reflected light is detected by a light sensor to measure distance. LiDAR can be used for fully autonomous driving in automobiles.

[0159] FSO backhaul network

[0160] The transmitters and receivers of an FSO system exhibit characteristics similar to those of a fiber optic network. Therefore, data transmission in an FSO system is analogous to that in a fiber optic system. Consequently, FSO can be a good technology for providing backhaul connectivity in 6G systems alongside fiber optic networks. When using FSO, very long-distance communication is possible, even at distances of 10,000 km or more. FSO supports extensive backhaul connectivity for both long-range and short-range areas such as oceans, space, underwater, and isolated islands. FSO also supports cellular base station connectivity.

[0161] NTN: Non-Terrestrial Network

[0162] 6G systems will integrate terrestrial and airborne networks to support vertically extended user communications. 3D BS will be provided via LEO satellites and UAVs. Adding new dimensions in terms of altitude and associated degrees of freedom makes 3D connectivity quite different from traditional 2D networks. NR considers non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) as one way to achieve this. NTNs are networks or network segments that utilize RF resources on satellites (or UAS platforms). For NTNs providing access to user equipment, there are two common scenarios: transparent payloads and regenerative payloads. The following are the basic elements of NTNs.

[0163] - Connect the NTN to one or more SAT gateways in the public data network.

[0164] - GEO satellites are fed by one or more SAT gateways deployed across satellite target coverage areas (e.g., regional or continental coverage areas). We assume that a UE in a cell is served by only one SAT gateway.

[0165] - Non-GEO satellites continuously served by one or more satellite gateways. The system ensures service and feeder link continuity between continuously serving satellite gateways for a duration sufficient to allow for mobility anchoring and handover.

[0166] - Feeder link or radio link between the satellite gateway and the satellite (or UAS platform).

[0167] - Service link or radio link between user equipment and satellite (or UAS platform).

[0168] - A satellite (or UAS platform) capable of providing transparent or regenerated (including airborne processing) payloads. The satellite (or UAS platform) generates beams, typically multiple beams for a given service area based on its field of view. The coverage area of ​​the beams is usually elliptical. The field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform) depends on the airborne antenna pattern and the minimum angle of attack.

[0169] - Transparent payload: RF filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload remains unchanged.

[0170] - Regenerated payload: RF filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decryption, switching and / or routing, and encoding / modulation. This is essentially the same as carrying all or part of the base station functions (e.g., gNB) on a satellite (or UAS platform).

[0171] - Optionally, for satellite deployments, inter-satellite links (ISLs) are used. This requires a regenerative payload on the satellite. ISLs can operate in RF frequencies or optical bands.

[0172] - User equipment is served by satellites (or UAS platforms) within the target coverage area.

[0173] Typically, GEO satellites and UAS are used to provide services to a continent, region, or local area.

[0174] Typically, constellations in LEO and MEO are used to provide service in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. In some cases, constellations can also provide global coverage, including polar regions. The latter requires appropriate orbital inclination, sufficient generated beams, and links between satellites.

[0175] Quantum communications

[0176] Quantum communication is a next-generation communication technology that overcomes the limitations of traditional communication (such as security and ultrafast computing) by applying the properties of quantum mechanics to the field of communication. Quantum communication provides a means to generate, send, process, and store information that cannot be expressed in the form of 0s and 1s using binary bits as in conventional communication technologies, or that is difficult to express. In conventional communication technologies, wavelength or amplitude is used to transmit information between the sender and receiver, but in quantum communication, photons, as the smallest unit of light, are used to transmit information between the sender and receiver. Specifically, in the case of quantum communication, quantum uncertainty and quantum irreversibility can be used to manipulate the polarization or phase difference of photons (light), thus quantum communication possesses the characteristic of being able to communicate with perfect security. Quantum communication can also achieve ultrafast communication under certain conditions using quantum entanglement.

[0177] Cell-less communications

[0178] The tight integration of multiple frequencies and heterogeneous communication technologies is crucial for 6G systems. As a result, users will be able to seamlessly move from one network to another without having to create any manual configurations on their devices. The best network will be automatically selected from the available communication technologies. This will break down the limitations of the cell concept in wireless communication. Currently, moving from one cell to another in dense networks causes excessive handovers, resulting in handover failures, handover delays, data loss, and the ping-pong effect. 6G cell-free communication will overcome all of these and provide better QoS.

[0179] Cellular-free communication is defined as "a system in which multiple geographically distributed antennas (APs) collaboratively serve a small number of terminals using the same time / frequency resources, with the aid of a fronthaul network and a CPU." A single terminal is served by a collection of multiple APs (called an AP cluster). There are several ways to form AP clusters, one of which is a terminal-centric clustering method that utilizes APs that significantly improve the terminal's reception performance, and dynamically updates the configuration as the terminal moves. This device-centric AP clustering technique ensures that the device is always at the center of the AP cluster and is therefore unaffected by inter-cluster interference that may occur when the device is located at the cluster's boundary. This cellless communication is achieved through multi-connectivity and multi-layer hybrid technologies, as well as different heterogeneous radios within the device.

[0180] Integration of wireless information and energy transfer (WIET)

[0181] WIET uses the same fields and waves as wireless communication systems. Specifically, sensors and smartphones will use wireless power transmission to charge during communication. WIET is a promising technology for extending the lifespan of wireless battery charging systems. Therefore, devices without batteries will be supported in 6G communications.

[0182] Integration of wireless communications and sensing

[0183] Autonomous wireless networks are capable of continuously detecting dynamically changing environmental conditions and exchanging information between different nodes. In 6G, sensing will be tightly integrated with communication to support autonomous systems.

[0184] Integrated access and backhaul network

[0185] In 6G, the density of access networks will be enormous. Each access network will be connected via fiber optic cables and backhaul connections (such as FSO networks). To handle the very large number of access networks, there will be tight integration between the access networks and the backhaul networks.

[0186] Big data analytics

[0187] Big data analytics is a complex process used to analyze various large datasets or big data. This process uncovers information such as hidden data, unknown correlations, and customer actions to ensure comprehensive data management. Big data is collected from various sources such as videos, social networks, images, and sensors. This technology is widely used in 6G systems to process massive amounts of data.

[0188] Reconfigurable intelligent metasurface

[0189] Numerous studies have explored the radio environment as a variable to be optimized along with the transmitter and receiver. The radio environment created by this approach is termed a Smart Radio Environment (SRE) or Intelligent Radio Environment (IRE) to highlight its fundamental difference from past design and optimization criteria. Various terms have been proposed for reconfigurable smart antennas (or smart reconfigurable antenna technologies) used to enable SRE, including reconfigurable metasurfaces, large smart surfaces (SLIS), large smart surfaces (LIS), reconfigurable smart surfaces (RIS), and smart reflective surfaces (IRS).

[0190] In the case of THz band signals, numerous shadowed regions caused by obstacles exist due to the signal's rigidity. RIS (Radio Reflector Array) technology is important for extending communication range by enhancing communication stability and providing additional value-added services through the installation of RIS near these shadowed regions. RIS are artificial surfaces made of electromagnetic materials that can alter the propagation of incoming and outgoing radio waves. While RIS can be considered an extension of massive MIMO, it has a different array structure and operating mechanism. RIS offers the advantage of low power consumption because it operates as a reconfigurable reflector with passive components; that is, it passively reflects signals without using an active RF chain. Furthermore, each of the passive reflectors in the RIS must independently adjust the phase shift of the incoming signal, which can be advantageous for wireless communication channels. By appropriately adjusting the phase shift using the RIS controller, the reflected signal can be collected at the target receiver to improve the received signal power.

[0191] In addition to reflecting radio signals, there are also radio signals that can be tuned for both transmission and refraction characteristics, and these radio signals are often used in outdoor-to-indoor (O2I) applications. Recently, STAR-RIS (simultaneous transmission and reflection radio signals) that provide transmission while reflecting signals have also been actively researched.

[0192] Metaverse

[0193] The metaverse is a combination of the words "meta," "transcendent," and "universe," which refer to space. Generally, the term is used to describe a three-dimensional virtual space where social and economic activities are identical to those in the real world.

[0194] Extended Reality (XR) (a key technology for realizing the metaverse) is a fusion of virtual and real, extending real-world experiences and providing unique immersive experiences. The high bandwidth and low latency of 6G networks will enable users to experience more immersive virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) experiences.

[0195] Autonomous driving

[0196] For fully autonomous driving, vehicles need to communicate with each other to warn of dangerous situations, or with infrastructure such as parking lots and traffic lights to check information such as parking location and signal change times. Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) (a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure) is a technology that enables vehicles to communicate with various elements on the road and share information (such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I)) to drive autonomously.

[0197] To maximize the performance and ensure high safety of autonomous driving, high-speed transmission and low-latency technologies are essential. Furthermore, in the future, autonomous driving will go beyond simply delivering warnings or guidance messages to the driver to proactively intervene in vehicle operation and directly control the vehicle in dangerous situations. The amount of information that needs to be sent and received will be enormous; therefore, 6G is expected to maximize autonomous driving with its faster transmission speeds and lower latency compared to 5G.

[0198] Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)

[0199] Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), or drones, will be a crucial element in 6G wireless communication. In most cases, UAV technology will be used to provide high-speed data wireless connectivity. Base station entities are installed within UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs possess specific characteristics not found in fixed base station infrastructure, such as ease of deployment, strong line-of-sight links, and degrees of freedom in controlled mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, the deployment of terrestrial telecommunications infrastructure is economically infeasible and sometimes unable to provide service in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle such situations. UAVs will be a new paradigm in the field of wireless communication. This technology contributes to the three fundamental requirements of wireless networks, such as eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also serve numerous purposes, such as improving network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is considered one of the most important technologies for 6G communications.

[0200] Blockchain

[0201] Blockchain will be a crucial technology for managing massive amounts of data in future communication systems. Blockchain is a form of distributed ledger technology, and a distributed ledger is a database distributed across numerous nodes or computing devices. Each node replicates and stores an identical copy of the ledger. Blockchain is managed through a peer-to-peer (P2P) network. This can exist without being managed by a centralized institution or server. Blockchain data is collected together and organized into blocks. Blocks are linked together and protected using encryption. Blockchain fully complements large-scale IoT through improved interoperability, security, privacy, stability, and scalability. Therefore, blockchain technology offers multiple capabilities such as interoperability between devices, high-volume data traceability, autonomous interaction between different IoT systems, and the massive connectivity stability of 6G communication systems.

[0202] Figure 6 It is a wireless communication system.

[0203] For reference Figure 6 As can be seen, a wireless communication system includes at least one base station (BS). The BS is divided into gNodeB (or gNB) 20a and eNodeB (or eNB) 20b. gNB (20a) supports fifth-generation mobile communication. eNB (20b) supports fourth-generation mobile communication, namely, Long Term Evolution (LTE).

[0204] Each base station 20a and 20b provides communication services for a specific geographical area (usually called a cell) 20-1, 20-2, and 20-3. A cell can be further divided into multiple areas (called sectors).

[0205] A UE typically belongs to a cell, and the cell to which the UE belongs is called the serving cell. The base station that provides communication services to the serving cell is called the serving BS. Since wireless communication systems are cellular systems, there are other cells adjacent to the serving cell. These other cells adjacent to the serving cell are called neighboring cells. The base stations that provide communication services to neighboring cells are called neighboring base stations (neighboring BSs). The serving cell and neighboring cells are determined relatively based on the UE.

[0206] In the following text, downlink refers to communication from base station 20 to UE 10, and uplink refers to communication from UE 10 to base station 20. In the downlink, the transmitter may be part of base station 20, and the receiver may be part of UE 10. In the uplink, the transmitter may be part of UE 10, and the receiver may be part of base station 20.

[0207] Furthermore, wireless communication systems can be broadly classified into FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) and TDD (Time Division Duplex) methods. According to the FDD method, uplink and downlink transmissions occur at different times, occupying different frequency bands. According to the TDD method, uplink and downlink transmissions occupy the same frequency band but occur at different times. The channel responses of the TDD method are essentially inverses of each other. This means that in a given frequency region, the downlink channel response and the uplink channel response are almost identical. Therefore, in TDD-based wireless communication systems, there is an advantage in obtaining the downlink channel response from the uplink channel response. In the TDD method, uplink and downlink transmissions are time-divided across the entire frequency band, so downlink transmissions performed by the base station and uplink transmissions performed by the UE cannot be performed simultaneously. In TDD systems where uplink and downlink transmissions are based on subframe separation, uplink and downlink transmissions are performed in different subframes.

[0208] <Operating Frequency Band>

[0209] The operating frequency bands in NR are as follows.

[0210] Table 4 shows an example of the operating frequency band on FR1. The operating frequency band shown in Table 4 is a reconstructed operating frequency band converted from the operating frequency band of LTE / LTE-A. This operating frequency band can be referred to as the FR1 operating frequency band.

[0211] [Table 4]

[0212]

[0213]

[0214]

[0215] Table 5 shows an example of the operating frequency bands on FR2. The following shows the operating frequency bands defined at high frequencies. This operating frequency band is called the FR2 operating frequency band.

[0216] [Table 5]

[0217]

[0218] Figure 7 The structure of a radio frame used in NR is illustrated.

[0219] In NR, uplink and downlink transmissions consist of frames. A radio frame is 10 ms long and is defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). A half-frame is defined as five 1 ms subframes (SF). Subframes are divided into one or more time slots, and the number of time slots in a subframe depends on the SCS (subcarrier spacing). Each time slot includes 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols, depending on the CP (cyclic prefix). When using CP, each time slot includes 14 symbols. When using extended CP, each time slot includes 12 symbols. Here, symbols can include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols) and SC-FDMA symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM symbols).

[0220] Figure 8 An example of subframe types in NR is shown.

[0221] Figure 8 The TTI (Transmission Time Interval) shown can be referred to as a subframe or time slot for NR (or New RAT). Figure 8 Subframes (or time slots) can be used in NR (or New RAT) TDD systems to minimize data transmission latency. For example... Figure 8 As shown, a subframe (or time slot) comprises 14 symbols, as in the current subframe. The first few symbols of a subframe (or time slot) can be used for the DL control channel, and the last few symbols can be used for the UL control channel. The remaining symbols can be used for either DL data transmission or UL data transmission. Based on this subframe (or time slot) structure, downlink and uplink transmissions can be performed sequentially within a single subframe (or time slot). Therefore, downlink data can be received within a subframe (or time slot), and uplink acknowledgments (ACK / NACK) can be sent within the same subframe (or time slot).

[0222] This structure of a subframe (or time slot) can be called a self-contained subframe (or time slot).

[0223] Specifically, the first N symbols in a timeslot can be used to transmit the DL control channel (hereinafter, the DL control area), and the last M symbols in a timeslot can be used to transmit the UL control channel (hereinafter, the UL control area). N and M are each integers greater than or equal to 0. The resource area between the DL control area and the UL control area (hereinafter referred to as the data area) can be used for either DL data transmission or UL data transmission. For example, a PDCCH can be transmitted in the DL control area, and a PDSCH can be transmitted in the DL data area. A PUCCH can be transmitted in the UL control area, and a PUSCH can be transmitted in the UL data area.

[0224] When using such a subframe (or time slot) structure, the time spent retransmitting data with received errors is reduced, thus minimizing the final data transmission delay. In this self-contained subframe (or time slot) structure, time gaps may be required during transitions from transmit mode to receive mode or from receive mode to transmit mode. Therefore, when switching from DL to UL in the subframe structure, some OFDM symbols can be set to guard periods (GP).

[0225] Support for various parameter sets

[0226] Parameter sets can be defined by the length of the cyclic prefix (CP) and the subcarrier spacing. A cell can provide multiple parameter sets to the UE. When the index of the parameter set is represented by μ, the subcarrier spacing and the corresponding CP length can be expressed as shown in the table below.

[0227] [Table 6]

[0228]

[0229] Under normal CP conditions, when the parameter set index is represented by μ, the following table shows the number of OLDM symbols per slot. Number of time slots per frame and the number of time slots per subframe .

[0230] [Table 7]

[0231]

[0232] In the case of extended CP, when the index of the parameter set is represented by μ, the number of OLDM symbols per slot is expressed in the table below. Number of time slots per frame and the number of time slots per subframe .

[0233] [Table 8]

[0234] Maximum Output Power

[0235] Unless otherwise specified, the UE power class (PC) in Table 9 defines the maximum output power across all transmission bandwidths within the channel bandwidth of the NR carrier. The measurement period can be at least one subframe (1 ms).

[0236] [Table 9]

[0237]

[0238]

[0239] The UE supports a power level different from the basic UE power level of the frequency band, and the supported power level activates a higher maximum output power than the basic power level as follows.

[0240] - If the UE capability maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC2-FR1 field is not present and the proportion of uplink symbols transmitted during a specific evaluation period is greater than 50% (the exact evaluation period is greater than one radio frame); or

[0241] - If the UE capability maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC2-FR1 field does not exist, and the proportion of uplink symbols transmitted during a specific evaluation period is greater than the defined maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC2-FR1 (the exact evaluation period is one or more radio frames); or

[0242] - If a defined IE P-Max is provided and set to a maximum output power lower than the default power level.

[0243] - All requirements for the basic power level must be applied to the supported power levels, and the transmit power must be set.

[0244] - Otherwise, the defined IE P-Max is not provided or is set to a value higher than the maximum output power of the default power level, and the percentage of uplink symbols transmitted during a specific evaluation period is less than or equal to maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC2-FR1. Or

[0245] - If the defined IE P-Max is not provided or is set to a value higher than the maximum output power of the default power level, and the percentage of uplink symbols transmitted in a specific evaluation period is equal to 50%, or if maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC2-FR1 does not exist. (The exact evaluation period is one or more radio frames): - All requirements for the supported power levels must be applied, and the transmit power must be set.

[0246] <Maximum Power Reduction (MPR) and Permissible Additional MPR (A-MPR)>

[0247] Figure 9a and Figure 9b An example of a method for limiting the transmission power of a UE is shown.

[0248] Reference Figure 9a UE 100 can perform transmissions with limited transmission power. For example, UE 100 can perform uplink transmissions to the base station by reducing transmission power.

[0249] When the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the signal transmitted from UE 100 increases, UE 100 applies a maximum output power reduction (MPR) value to the transmitted power in order to limit the transmission power. By doing so, the linearity of the power amplifier PA inside the transceiver of UE 100 is reduced.

[0250] Reference Figure 9b The base station (BS) can request UE 100 to apply A-MPR by sending a network signal (NS) to UE 100. To avoid affecting adjacent frequency bands, A-MPR-related operations can be performed. Unlike the MPR mentioned above, A-MPR-related operations involve the base station additionally performing power reduction by sending an NS to UE 100 operating in a specific frequency band. In other words, when a UE receiving an NS receives an MPR signal, it can additionally apply A-MPR to determine the transmission power.

[0251] This specification relates to the transmission power of terminals used for sidelink communication in unlicensed frequency bands.

[0252] This specification may propose a maximum transmit power reduction (MPR) performance requirement as the maximum permissible power backoff value for S-SSB transmission, to meet the spectrum masking specifications (ACLR, SEM, SE, in-band transmit) and EVM specifications when the power class of the terminal is power class 5 (20 dBm).

[0253] In 3GPP, as defined in Table 10, the n46, n96, and n102 frequency bands can be unlicensed frequency bands.

[0254] [Table 10]

[0255]

[0256] For SL-U communication in unlicensed frequency bands, 12 kHz and / or 30 kHz can be applied.

[0257] Describe the maximum output power (MOP).

[0258] The SL-U terminal can notify the NW of its power level information per frequency band or per frequency band combination (in the case of CA and DC) and transmit it at the corresponding maximum output power. The power level of the SL-U terminal can be power level 5 (20dBm).

[0259] Typically, if the corresponding MOP is greater than 23 dBm, the terminal can change the MOP to be equal to or less than 23 dBm in order to meet the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) specification in FR1. This is a specification that the terminal's transmission power should not cause harm to human health or affect medical devices.

[0260] The power level 5 SL-U terminal may not need to perform any additional MOP reductions to meet SAR specifications.

[0261] An example of a standard scenario that applies MOP is as follows: - SL-U UE MOP in a single carrier of the FR1 unlicensed frequency bands (n46, n96, n102) The power-class 5 SL-U terminal can meet the spectrum masking standards (ACLR, SEM, SE, in-band transmit) and EVM standards when transmitting signals. Therefore, the maximum transmit power of 20 dBm can be reduced by "X" dB.

[0262] ACLR can be the adjacent channel leakage ratio. SEM can be the spectral emission mask. SE can be spurious emission. In-band emission can be general in-band emission, carrier leakage, or I / Q pattern. EVM can be the error vector magnitude.

[0263] The corresponding maximum permissible "X" value should be specified as the maximum transmit power reduction (MPR).

[0264] The MPR for SL-U UE can vary depending on the actual number of resource blocks (RBs) transmitted, RB locations, modulation order, and wideband operation transmission method.

[0265] SL communication can be based on the CP-OFDM method.

[0266] An example of a standard scenario in which MPR is applied is SL-U UE MPR in a single carrier of the FR1 unlicensed bands (n46, n96, n102).

[0267] For example, S-SSBs can be transmitted in a single RB set (20 MHz).

[0268] For example, S-SSBs can be sent in multiple RB sets (contiguous RB sets and non-contiguous RB sets).

[0269] I. First Publicly Released Content

[0270] For the method used to send S-SSB, the current conventions for RAN1 are as shown in Table 11.

[0271] [Table 11]

[0272]

[0273] For the SL-U power level 5 S-SSB MPR, the assumptions in Table 12 can be considered.

[0274] [Table 12]

[0275]

[0276] Figure 10 An example of the S-SSB structure is shown.

[0277] 1. For considering random phase adjustment between repetitions

[0278] Random phase adjustment between repetitions could be considered.

[0279] Additionally, as shown in Table 13, the following test scenarios can be considered.

[0280] Table 13 shows the SL-U S-SSB MPR test scenario.

[0281] [Table 13]

[0282]

[0283]

[0284]

[0285]

[0286] Here, for the S-SSB {11 RBs}xN repeated RB position indices, "0" can mean that the starting RB index of {11 RBs} is 0. Furthermore, bitmap "1" can mean sending the corresponding RB set, and "0" can mean not sending the corresponding RB set for wideband operation.

[0287] Table 14 shows all possible bitmaps for subband configurations used in wideband operation. Wideband operation can be aggregated with multiple 20 MHz-based subbands. For SL-US-SSB MPR simulations, both continuous RB set bitmaps and non-contiguous RB set bitmaps are considered.

[0288] Table 14 shows a bitmap of all possible RB sets for subband configurations.

[0289] [Table 14]

[0290]

[0291] Figure 11 The results of MPR simulations for a scenario based on this disclosure are shown.

[0292] Figure 11 The S-SSB MPR simulation results for SL-U power level 5 are shown.

[0293] Figure 12 The S-SSB MPR simulation results for Tx power backoff with channel bandwidths of 20 MHz, 40 MHz and 60 MHz for 1Tx SL-U power class 5, according to this disclosure, are shown.

[0294] Figure 13 The S-SSB MPR simulation results for Tx power backoff with a channel bandwidth of 80 MHz for 1Tx SL-U power class 5, according to this disclosure, are shown.

[0295] Figure 14 The S-SSB MPR simulation results for Tx power backoff with a channel bandwidth of 100 MHz for 1Tx SL-U power class 5, according to this disclosure, are shown.

[0296] from Figures 12 to 14 The following can be observed: - For 20 MHz, for test scenarios #1 to #5, the Tx power back-off ranges from 4.0 dB to 5.2 dB.

[0297] - For 40 MHz, for test scenarios #6~#14, Tx power backoff is in the range of 3.2 dB to 4.5 dB.

[0298] - For 60 MHz, the Tx power rollback is as follows: -- For test scenarios #14~#18, #20, #21, and #24~#26, within the range of 3.5 dB to 5.0 dB, -- For test scenario #19, within the range of 1.5 dB to 2.0 dB, -- For test scenarios #22 and #23, below 0.5 dB.

[0299] - For 80 MHz, the Tx power rollback is as follows: -- For test scenarios #27~#33, #35, #36, and #41~#46, within the range of 3.5 dB to 5.5 dB, -- For test scenario #34, within the range of 1.5 dB to 2.0 dB, -- For test scenarios #37~#40, the value is below 0.5 dB.

[0300] - For 100 MHz, the Tx power rollback is as follows: -- For test scenarios #47~#56 and #65~#84, within the range of 3.3 dB to 5.8 dB, -- For test scenarios #57 and #58, within the range of 1.0 dB to 1.5 dB, -- For test scenarios #59~#64, the value is below 0.5 dB.

[0301] For lower Tx power back-off, the corresponding RB set bitmap can be as follows: - 60 MHz (3 RB sets): "010" (#22, #23) - 80 MHz (4 RB sets): "0110" (#37, #38), "0100" (#39, #40) - 100 MHz (5 RB sets): "01110" (#57, #58), "01100" (#59, #60), "01000" (#61, #62), "00100" (#63, #64) These RB set bitmaps can be named "Internal RB Set Bitmaps".

[0302] According to Table 13, the following RB set bitmaps can be "internal RB set bitmaps": - 60 MHz (3 RB sets): "010" - 80 MHz (4 RB sets): "0100", "0010", "0110" - 100 MHz (5 RB sets): "01000", "00010", "01100", "00110", "01110", "00100" Other RB set bitmaps can be "external RB set bitmaps".

[0303] In NR-U, full RB allocation and partial RB allocation can be specified as in the following notes 2 and 3.

[0304] Note 2: MPR for full RB allocation applies to all RBs in all fully allocated transmit channels of 20 MHz or greater, or to all fully allocated transmit subbands for wideband operation, excluding the wideband configuration in Table 15.

[0305] Note 3: MPR for partial RB allocation is applied to interleaved allocations with uplink resource allocation type 2, or to transmit subbands for broadband operation according to the broadband configuration in Table 15.

[0306] Table 15 shows the anomalous MPR mapping for broadband operations.

[0307] [Table 15]

[0308]

[0309] Table 16 shows the maximum values ​​of simulation results considering a combination of full / partial RB allocation and external / internal subband configuration.

[0310] Table 16 shows the S-SSB MPR simulation results for SL-U power level 5.

[0311] [Table 16]

[0312]

[0313] Considering the internal RB set bitmap and external RB set bitmap above the full / partial RB allocation, and taking into account the implementation margin, based on the simulation results, the S-SSB MPR for SL-U power level 5 can be proposed as shown in Table 17.

[0314] As shown in Table 17, the S-SSB MPR for SL-U UE power level 5 can be proposed.

[0315] [Table 17]

[0316]

[0317] Table 18 shows the external / internal subband configurations for SL-U broadband operation.

[0318] [Table 18]

[0319]

[0320] Table 18 shows whether each of the sub-bands was transmitted via bitmap expressions.

[0321] Each of the sub-bands is 20 MHz.

[0322] RB allocation can be configured with an external RB set or an internal RB set.

[0323] The bandwidth of all sub-bands can be the bandwidth of the broadband operating channel.

[0324] A bitmap expression can indicate whether each element in a sub-band has been transmitted. As a bitmap expression, each element in a sub-band can be either "1" or "0".

[0325] "1" can indicate that a sub-band has been transmitted.

[0326] "0" can indicate a sub-band that has not been transmitted.

[0327] For example, based on i) the subbands are continuous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth is 40 MHz, the “11, 10, 01” as a bitmap expression is an external RB set configuration.

[0328] For example, based on i) the subbands are continuous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth is 60 MHz, “111, 110, 011, 100, 001” as a bitmap expression is an external RB set configuration.

[0329] For example, based on i) the subband is continuous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth is 80 MHz, “1111, 1110, 0111, 1100, 0011, 1000, 0001” in the bitmap expression is an external RB set configuration.

[0330] For example, based on i) the subband is continuous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth is 100 MHz, “11111, 11110, 01111, 11100, 00111, 11000, 00011, 10000, 00001” in the bitmap expression is an external RB set configuration.

[0331] For example, based on i) the subbands are continuous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth is 60 MHz, "010" in the bitmap expression is the internal RB set configuration.

[0332] For example, based on i) the subbands are continuous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth is 80 MHz, “0110, 0100, 0010” in the bitmap expression is an internal RB set configuration.

[0333] For example, based on i) the subbands are continuous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth is 100 MHz, “01110, 01100, 00110, 01000, 00010, 00100” in the bitmap expression is an internal RB set configuration.

[0334] For example, based on i) the subband is discontinuous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth is 60 MHz, "101" in the bitmap expression is the configuration of the external RB set.

[0335] For example, based on i) the subband is discontinuous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth is 80 MHz, “1101, 1011, 1010, 0101, 1001” in the bitmap expression is an external RB set configuration.

[0336] For example, based on i) the subband is discontinuous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth is 100 MHz, the “11011, 11010, 01011, 11001, 10011, 10101, 10110, 01101, 10100, 00101, 10010, 01001, 11101, 10111, 10001” in the bitmap expression is an external RB set configuration.

[0337] For example, based on i) the subband is discontinuous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth is 100 MHz, "01010" in the bitmap expression is an internal RB set configuration.

[0338] Alternatively, when considering the implementation margin, based on simulation results, an S-SSB MPR for SL-U power level 5 can be proposed as shown in Table 19.

[0339] As shown in Table 19, the S-SSB MPR for SL-U UE power level 5 can be proposed.

[0340] [Table 19]

[0341]

[0342] Alternatively, when considering implementation margins, based on simulation results, S-SSB MPRs for SL-U power level 5 can be proposed as shown in Tables 3 to 8 or Tables 3 to 9.

[0343] As shown in Table 20, the S-SSB MPR for SL-U UE power level 5 can be proposed.

[0344] [Table 20]

[0345]

[0346] As shown in Table 21, the S-SSB MPR for SL-U UE power level 5 can be proposed.

[0347] [Table 21]

[0348]

[0349] Alternatively, when considering the implementation margin, based on simulation results, an S-SSB MPR for SL-U power level 5 can be proposed as shown in Tables 3 to 8a or Tables 3 to 9a.

[0350] As shown in Table 22, the S-SSB MPR for SL-U UE power level 5 can be proposed.

[0351] [Table 22]

[0352]

[0353] As shown in Table 23, the S-SSB MPR for SL-U UE power level 5 can be proposed.

[0354] [Table 23]

[0355]

[0356] Additional realization margin A can be applied to the MPR values ​​in Tables 17, 19, 20, 21, 22 and / or 23.

[0357] A can be -3.0, -2.9, ..., 0, 0.1, 0.2, ..., 2.9, 3.0.

[0358] A can be -3.0, -2.9, -2.8, -2.7, -2.6, -2.5, -2.4, -2.3, -2.2, -2.1, -2.0, -1.9, -1.8, -1.7, -1.6, -1.5, -1.4, -1.3, -1.2, -1.1, -1.0, -0.9, -0.8, -0.7, -0.6, -0.5, or -0.4. -0.3, -0.2, -0.1, 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0.

[0359] The MPR values ​​in Tables 17, 19, 20, 21, 22 and / or 23 can correspond to case "A=0".

[0360] Internal and external sub-band configurations for the SL-U MPR can be considered.

[0361] 2. Consider reusing different S-SSBs.

[0362] In this instruction manual, This can be a physical layer-side link synchronization identifier. The content of Clause 8.4.2.1 of TS 38.211 V16.5.0 can be applied... .

[0363] As shown in Table 24, the following test scenarios can be considered.

[0364] Table 24 shows the SL-U S-SSB MPR test scenario.

[0365] [Table 24]

[0366]

[0367]

[0368]

[0369]

[0370] Figure 15 The results of MPR simulations for a scenario based on this disclosure are shown.

[0371] Figure 15 The S-SSB MPR simulation results for SL-U power level 5 are shown.

[0372] Figure 16 The S-SSB MPR simulation results for Tx power backoff with channel bandwidths of 20 MHz, 40 MHz and 60 MHz for 1Tx SL-U power class 5, according to this disclosure, are shown.

[0373] Figure 17 The S-SSB MPR simulation results for Tx power backoff with a channel bandwidth of 80 MHz for 1Tx SL-U power class 5, according to this disclosure, are shown.

[0374] Figure 18 The S-SSB MPR simulation results for Tx power backoff with a channel bandwidth of 100 MHz for 1Tx SL-U power class 5, according to this disclosure, are shown.

[0375] from Figures 16 to 18 The following can be observed: - For 20 MHz, for test scenarios #1 to #5, the Tx power back-off ranges from 4.0 dB to 5.2 dB.

[0376] - For 40 MHz, for test scenarios #6~#14, Tx power backoff is in the range of 3.2 dB to 4.5 dB.

[0377] - For 60 MHz, the Tx power rollback is as follows: -- For test scenarios #14~#18, #20, #21, and #24~#26, within the range of 3.5 dB to 5.0 dB, -- For test scenario #19, within the range of 1.5 dB to 2.0 dB, -- For test scenarios #22 and #23, below 0.5 dB.

[0378] - For 80 MHz, the Tx power rollback is as follows: -- For test scenarios #27~#33, #35, #36, and #41~#46, within the range of 3.5 dB to 5.5 dB, -- For test scenario #34, within the range of 1.5 dB to 2.0 dB, -- For test scenarios #37~#40, the value is below 0.5 dB.

[0379] - For 100 MHz, the Tx power rollback is as follows: -- For test scenarios #47~#56 and #65~#84, within the range of 3.3 dB to 5.8 dB, -- For test scenarios #57 and #58, within the range of 1.0 dB to 1.5 dB, -- For test scenarios #59~#64, the value is below 0.5 dB.

[0380] For lower Tx power back-off, the corresponding RB set bitmap can be as follows: - 60 MHz (3 RB sets): "010" (#22, #23) - 80 MHz (4 RB sets): "0110" (#37, #38), "0100" (#39, #40) - 100 MHz (5 RB sets): "01110" (#57, #58), "01100" (#59, #60), "01000" (#61, #62), "00100" (#63, #64) These RB set bitmaps can be named "Internal RB Set Bitmaps".

[0381] According to Table 13, the following RB set bitmaps can be "internal RB set bitmaps": - 60 MHz (3 RB sets): "010" - 80 MHz (4 RB sets): "0100", "0010", "0110" - 100 MHz (5 RB sets): "01000", "00010", "01100", "00110", "01110", "00100" Other RB set bitmaps can be "external RB set bitmaps".

[0382] In NR-U, full RB allocation and partial RB allocation can be specified as in the following notes 2 and 3.

[0383] Note 2: MPR for full RB allocation applies to all RBs in all fully allocated transmit channels of 20 MHz or greater, or to all fully allocated RBs in all transmit subbands for wideband operation, excluding the wideband configuration in Table 25.

[0384] Note 3: MPR for partial RB allocation applies to interleaving allocations with uplink resource allocation type 2 as specified in TS 38.214, or transmits the transmit subband for broadband operation according to the broadband configuration in Table 25.

[0385] Table 25 shows the anomalous MPR mapping for broadband operations.

[0386] [Table 25]

[0387]

[0388] Table 26 shows the maximum values ​​of the simulation results considering a combination of full / partial RB allocation and external / internal subband configuration.

[0389] Table 26 presents the S-SSB MPR simulation results for SL-U power level 5.

[0390] [Table 26]

[0391]

[0392] Considering the internal RB set bitmap and external RB set bitmap above the full / partial RB allocation, and taking into account the implementation margin, based on the simulation results, the S-SSB MPR for SL-U power level 5 can be proposed as shown in Table 27.

[0393] As shown in Table 27, the S-SSB MPR for SL-U UE power level 5 can be proposed.

[0394] [Table 27]

[0395]

[0396] Alternatively, when considering the implementation margin, based on simulation results, an S-SSB MPR for SL-U power level 5 can be proposed as shown in Table 28.

[0397] As shown in Table 28, the S-SSB MPR for SL-U UE power level 5 can be proposed.

[0398] [Table 28]

[0399]

[0400] Alternatively, when considering implementation margins, based on simulation results, an S-SSB MPR for SL-U power level 5 can be proposed as shown in Table 29 or Table 30.

[0401] As shown in Table 29, the S-SSB MPR for SL-U UE power level 5 can be proposed.

[0402] [Table 29]

[0403]

[0404] As shown in Table 30, the S-SSB MPR for SL-U UE power level 5 can be proposed.

[0405] [Table 30]

[0406]

[0407] Alternatively, when considering the implementation margin, based on simulation results, an S-SSB MPR for SL-U power level 5 can be proposed as shown in Table 31 or Table 32.

[0408] As shown in Table 31, the S-SSB MPR for SL-U UE power level 5 can be proposed.

[0409] [Table 31]

[0410]

[0411] As shown in Table 32, the S-SSB MPR for SL-U UE power level 5 can be proposed.

[0412] [Table 32]

[0413]

[0414] Additional realization margin A can be applied to the MPR values ​​in Tables 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 and / or 32.

[0415] A can be -3.0, -2.9, ..., 0, 0.1, 0.2, ..., 2.9, 3.0.

[0416] A can be -3.0, -2.9, -2.8, -2.7, -2.6, -2.5, -2.4, -2.3, -2.2, -2.1, -2.0, -1.9, -1.8, -1.7, -1.6, -1.5, -1.4, -1.3, -1.2, -1.1, -1.0, -0.9, -0.8, -0.7, -0.6, -0.5, or -0.4. -0.3, -0.2, -0.1, 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0.

[0417] The MPR values ​​in Tables 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 and / or 32 can correspond to case "A=0".

[0418] 3. Consider the random phase adjustment between repetitions and the differences between repetitions across different S-SSBs. Combination of usage

[0419] For multiple RB sets with repeated S-SSBs, the following combinations can be proposed.

[0420] (1) Method 1

[0421] S-SSB repetition in a single RB set is based on having the same Different optimal phase adjustments or random phase adjustments.

[0422] Different (or different optimal) configurations are applied to multiple RB sets with repeated S-SSBs. .

[0423] (2) Method 2

[0424] S-SSB repetitions within a single RB set are based on different (or different optimal) versions with the same phase adjustment. .

[0425] For multiple RB sets with repeated S-SSB, configure random phase adjustment or different optimal phase adjustments.

[0426] For a single RB set with repeated S-SSBs, the following combination is proposed.

[0427] (3) Method 1a

[0428] S-SSB repetition in a single RB set is based on random phase adjustment or different optimal phase adjustments.

[0429] (4) Method 2a

[0430] S-SSB repetitions within a single RB set are based on different (or different optimal) criteria. .

[0431] 4. Configured transmit power

[0432] Power level 5 SL-U terminals should set the configured maximum transmit power when transmitting signals, taking into account the power specified by the network (e.g., PEMAX), MPR, and A-MPR (additional MPR), which meets national power regulations for unlicensed frequency bands.

[0433] SL-U UE P will be described in a single carrier within the FR1 unlicensed frequency bands (n46, n96, n102). CMAX (Configured maximum transmit power).

[0434] It allows SL-U power level 5 UEs to set their configured maximum output power for the carrier f of the serving SL in each time slot. Maximum output power configured It can be set within the following limits: It can be configured for S-SSB; Regarding total transmission power It can be defined as follows: and :

[0435] S-SSB MPR values ​​can be extracted as Tables 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 and / or 32.

[0436] The UE can determine the configured maximum output power based on the MPR value. The MPR value can be one of the proposed MPR values. For example, the MPR value can be the MPR value from Tables 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 and / or 32. The MPR value can also be the MPR value proposed in this specification.

[0437] The UE can determine the transmission power based on the MPR value. The MPR value can be one of the proposed MPR values. For example, the MPR value can be the MPR value in Tables 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 and / or 32. The MPR value can also be the MPR value proposed in this specification.

[0438] The MPR value can vary depending on the RB allocation.

[0439] UE (= Power Class 5 UE) can transmit S-SSB via unlicensed band based on transmission power or the configured maximum output power.

[0440] 5. MPR of both carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM

[0441] In NR-U (NR unlicensed band), both the carrier SEM (spectrum transmit mask) and the intra-carrier SEM in R4-2008438 can be reused in SL-U.

[0442] Figure 19 The carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when the CBW is 40 MHz.

[0443] Figure 20 The carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when the CBW is 60 MHz.

[0444] Figure 21 The carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when the CBW is 60 MHz.

[0445] Figure 22 The carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when the CBW is 60 MHz.

[0446] Figure 23 The carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when the CBW is 60 MHz.

[0447] Figure 24 The carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when the CBW is 80 MHz.

[0448] Figure 25 The carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when the CBW is 80 MHz.

[0449] Figure 26 The carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when the CBW is 80 MHz.

[0450] Figure 27 The carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when the CBW is 80 MHz.

[0451] Figure 28 The carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when the CBW is 80 MHz.

[0452] Figure 29 The carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when the CBW is 80 MHz.

[0453] Figure 30 The carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when the CBW is 100 MHz.

[0454] Figure 31 The carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when the CBW is 100 MHz.

[0455] Figure 32 The carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when the CBW is 100 MHz.

[0456] Figure 33 The carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when the CBW is 100 MHz.

[0457] Figure 34 The carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when the CBW is 100 MHz.

[0458] Figure 35 The carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when the CBW is 100 MHz.

[0459] Figure 36 The carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when the CBW is 100 MHz.

[0460] Figure 37 The carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when the CBW is 100 MHz.

[0461] Figure 38 The carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when the CBW is 100 MHz.

[0462] Figure 39 The carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when the CBW is 100 MHz.

[0463] Figure 40 The carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when the CBW is 100 MHz.

[0464] Figure 41 The carrier SEM and intra-carrier SEM are shown when the CBW is 100 MHz.

[0465] exist Figures 19 to 41In this context, unwanted transmissions immediately outside the transmission channel should not exceed the SEM line within the carrier.

[0466] Intracarrier SEM can be defined in the gap between transmission channels.

[0467] Table 33 shows the in-carrier SEM for SL-U broadband operation.

[0468] [Table 33]

[0469]

[0470] Here, the relative power transmitted by any UE should not exceed the most stringent level given by the spectrum transmit mask (carrier SEM) for operation of shared spectrum channel access with full channel bandwidth and the spectrum transmit mask (intra-carrier SEM) for non-transmit channels with channel bandwidth in the case of non-transmit channels at the edge of the assigned channel bandwidth.

[0471] II. Second Public Content

[0472] For the method used to send S-SSB, the current conventions for RAN1 are as shown in Table 34.

[0473] [Table 34]

[0474]

[0475] For the SL-U power level 5 S-SSB MPR, the assumptions in Table 12 can be considered.

[0476] 1. Only consider S-SSB duplication.

[0477] Additionally, the following test scenarios can be considered as shown in Table 35. Here, the power of each S-SSB can be assumed to be equal.

[0478] Table 35 shows the SL-U S-SSB MPR test scenario.

[0479] [Table 35]

[0480]

[0481]

[0482]

[0483]

[0484] Here, for the S-SSB {11 RBs}xN repeated RB position indices, "0" can mean that the starting RB index of {11 RBs} is 0. Furthermore, bitmap "1" can mean sending the corresponding RB set, and "0" can mean not sending the corresponding RB set for wideband operation.

[0485] Table 14 shows all possible bitmaps for subband configurations used in wideband operation. Wideband operation can be aggregated with multiple 20 MHz-based subbands. For SL-US-SSB MPR simulations, both continuous RB set bitmaps and non-contiguous RB set bitmaps are considered.

[0486] Figure 42 The results of MPR simulations for a scenario based on this disclosure are shown.

[0487] Figure 42 The S-SSB MPR simulation results for SL-U power level 5 are shown.

[0488] Figure 43 The S-SSB MPR simulation results for Tx power backoff with channel bandwidths of 20 MHz, 40 MHz and 60 MHz for 1Tx SL-U power class 5, according to this disclosure, are shown.

[0489] Figure 44 The S-SSB MPR simulation results for Tx power backoff with a channel bandwidth of 80 MHz for 1Tx SL-U power class 5, according to this disclosure, are shown.

[0490] Figure 45 The S-SSB MPR simulation results for Tx power backoff with a channel bandwidth of 100 MHz for 1Tx SL-U power class 5, according to this disclosure, are shown.

[0491] According to Table 35, the following RB set bitmaps can be "internal RB set bitmaps".

[0492] - 60 MHz (3 RB sets): "010"

[0493] - 80 MHz (4 RB sets): "0100", "0010", "0110"

[0494] - 100 MHz (5 RB sets): "01000", "00010", "01100", "00110", "01110", "00100", "01010"

[0495] Other RB set bitmaps can be "external RB set bitmaps".

[0496] In NR-U, full RB allocation and partial RB allocation can be specified as in the following notes 2 and 3.

[0497] Note 2: MPR for full RB allocation applies to all RBs in all fully allocated transmit channels of 20 MHz or greater, or to all fully allocated RBs in all transmit subbands for wideband operation, excluding the wideband configuration in Table 36.

[0498] Note 3: MPR for partial RB allocation is applied to interleaved allocations with uplink resource allocation type 2, or to transmit subbands for broadband operation according to the broadband configuration in Table 36.

[0499] Table 36 shows the anomalous MPR mapping for broadband operations.

[0500] [Table 36]

[0501]

[0502] Table 37 shows the maximum values ​​of the simulation results considering the combination of S-SSB repetitions and external / internal subband configurations for each RB set.

[0503] Table 37 shows the S-SSB MPR simulation results for SL-U power level 5.

[0504] [Table 37]

[0505]

[0506] When considering the implementation margin, based on the simulation results, the S-SSBMPR for SL-U power level 5 can be proposed as shown in Table 38.

[0507] As shown in Table 38, the S-SSB MPR for SL-U UE power level 5 can be proposed.

[0508] [Table 38]

[0509]

[0510] The external / internal subband configuration for SL-U wideband operation can be shown in Table 18.

[0511] Alternatively, when considering the implementation margin, based on simulation results, an S-SSB MPR for SL-U power level 5 can be proposed as shown in Table 4-7.

[0512] As shown in Table 39, the S-SSB MPR for SL-U UE power level 5 can be proposed.

[0513] [Table 39]

[0514]

[0515] Alternatively, when considering implementation margins, based on simulation results, an S-SSB MPR for SL-U power level 5 can be proposed as shown in Table 40 or Table 41.

[0516] As shown in Table 40, the S-SSB MPR for SL-U UE power level 5 can be proposed.

[0517] [Table 40]

[0518]

[0519] As shown in Table 41, the S-SSB MPR for SL-U UE power level 5 can be proposed.

[0520] [Table 41]

[0521]

[0522] Alternatively, when considering implementation margins, based on simulation results, S-SSB MPRs for SL-U power level 5 can be proposed as shown in Tables 42, 43, 44, or 45.

[0523] [Table 42]

[0524]

[0525] [Table 43]

[0526]

[0527] [Table 44]

[0528]

[0529] [Table 45]

[0530]

[0531] Additional realization margin A can be applied to the MPR values ​​in Tables 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44 and / or 45.

[0532] A can be -3.0, -2.9, ..., 0, 0.1, 0.2, ..., 2.9, 3.0.

[0533] A can be -3.0, -2.9, -2.8, -2.7, -2.6, -2.5, -2.4, -2.3, -2.2, -2.1, -2.0, -1.9, -1.8, -1.7, -1.6, -1.5, -1.4, -1.3, -1.2, -1.1, -1.0, -0.9, -0.8, -0.7, -0.6, -0.5, or -0.4. -0.3, -0.2, -0.1, 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0.

[0534] The MPR values ​​in Tables 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44 and / or 45 can correspond to case "A=0".

[0535] Alternatively, when considering implementation margins, based on simulation results, S-SSB MPRs for SL-U power level 5 can be proposed as shown in Tables 46, 47, 48, or 49.

[0536] [Table 46]

[0537]

[0538] [Table 47]

[0539]

[0540] [Table 48]

[0541]

[0542] [Table 49]

[0543]

[0544] MPR can be applied to all SCSs in all active 20 MHz subbands that are continuously or discontinuously allocated in the channel.

[0545] Alternatively, when considering implementation margins, based on simulation results, an S-SSB MPR for SL-U power level 5 can be proposed as shown in Tables 50 to 57.

[0546] [Table 50]

[0547]

[0548] [Table 51]

[0549]

[0550] [Table 52]

[0551]

[0552] [Table 53]

[0553]

[0554] [Table 54]

[0555]

[0556] [Table 55]

[0557]

[0558] [Table 56]

[0559]

[0560] [Table 57]

[0561]

[0562] Additional realization margin A can be applied to the MPR values ​​in Tables 46 to 57.

[0563] A can be -3.0, -2.9, ..., 0, 0.1, 0.2, ..., 2.9, 3.0.

[0564] A can be -3.0, -2.9, -2.8, -2.7, -2.6, -2.5, -2.4, -2.3, -2.2, -2.1, -2.0, -1.9, -1.8, -1.7, -1.6, -1.5, -1.4, -1.3, -1.2, -1.1, -1.0, -0.9, -0.8, -0.7, -0.6, -0.5, or -0.4. -0.3, -0.2, -0.1, 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0.

[0565] The MPR values ​​in Tables 46 and 57 can correspond to case "A=0".

[0566] 2. Configured transmit power

[0567] Power level 5 SL-U terminals should set the configured maximum transmit power when transmitting signals, taking into account the power specified by the network (e.g., PEMAX), MPR, and A-MPR (additional MPR), which meets national power regulations for unlicensed frequency bands.

[0568] SL-U UE P will be described in a single carrier within the FR1 unlicensed frequency bands (n46, n96, n102). CMAX (Configured maximum transmit power).

[0569] It allows SL-U power level 5 UEs to set their configured maximum output power for the carrier f of the serving SL in each time slot. Maximum output power configured It can be set within the following limits: It can be configured for S-SSB; Regarding total transmission power It can be defined as follows: and :

[0570] S-SSB The MPR value can be proposed as presented in the second public disclosure.

[0571] For example, S-SSB The MPR value can be extracted as shown in Table 49.

[0572] The UE can determine the configured maximum output power based on the MPR value. The MPR value can be one of the proposed MPR values. For example, the MPR value can be one of the MPR values ​​in Table 49. The MPR value can be one of the MPR values ​​proposed in this specification.

[0573] The UE can determine the transmission power based on the MPR value. The MPR value can be one of the proposed MPR values. For example, the MPR value can be one of the MPR values ​​in Table 49. The MPR value can be one of the MPR values ​​proposed in this specification.

[0574] The MPR value can vary depending on the RB allocation.

[0575] UE (= Power Class 5 UE) can transmit S-SSB via unlicensed band based on transmission power or the configured maximum output power.

[0576] The following figures were created to illustrate specific embodiments of this disclosure. The names of particular devices or signals / messages / fields shown in the figures are provided by way of example, and therefore the technical features of this disclosure are not limited to the specific names used in the following figures.

[0577] Figure 46 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of a UE process according to this disclosure.

[0578] 1. The UE can determine the maximum output power based on MPR (Maximum Power Reduction).

[0579] 2. The UE can transmit S-SSB (Side Link Synchronization Block) via unlicensed frequency band based on maximum output power.

[0580] The power level of the UE can be power level 5.

[0581] The value of MPR can be allocated based on RB (resource block).

[0582] RB allocation can be a configuration for the sub-band used to transmit S-SSB.

[0583] Each of the sub-bands can be 20 MHz.

[0584] Based on RB allocation, which is an external RB set configuration, the MPR value can be 12.5 dB or less.

[0585] Based on RB allocation, which is an internal RB set configuration, the MPR value can be 9.5 dB or less.

[0586] The bandwidth of all sub-bands can be the bandwidth of the broadband operating channel.

[0587] Bitmap expressions can indicate whether to transmit each of the sub-bands.

[0588] A "1" in a bitmap expression can indicate the transmit subband.

[0589] A "0" in a bitmap expression can indicate that no subband is transmitted.

[0590] Based on i) the subband is continuous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth is 40 MHz, the external RB set configuration can be one of "11, 10, 01" in the bitmap expression.

[0591] Based on i) the sub-bands are continuous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth is 60 MHz, the external RB set configuration can be one of "111, 110, 011, 100, 001" in the bitmap expression.

[0592] Based on i) the sub-bands are continuous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth is 80 MHz, the external RB set configuration can be one of the following in the bitmap expression: "1111, 1110, 0111, 1100, 0011, 1000, 0001".

[0593] Based on i) the sub-bands are continuous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth is 100 MHz, the external RB set configuration can be one of the following in the bitmap expression: "11111, 11110, 01111, 11100, 00111, 11000, 00011, 10000, 00001".

[0594] Based on i) the sub-bands are continuous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth is 60 MHz, the internal RB set configuration can be one of "010" in the bitmap expression.

[0595] Based on i) the sub-bands are continuous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth is 80 MHz, the internal RB set configuration can be one of "0110, 0100, 0010" in the bitmap expression.

[0596] Based on i) the sub-bands are continuous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth is 100 MHz, the internal RB set configuration can be one of "01110, 01100, 00110, 01000, 00010, 00100" in the bitmap expression.

[0597] Based on i) the subband is discontinuous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth is 60 MHz, the external RB set configuration can be one of "101" in the bitmap expression.

[0598] Based on i) the subband is discontinuous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth is 80 MHz, the external RB set configuration can be one of "1101, 1011, 1010, 0101, 1001" in the bitmap expression.

[0599] Based on i) the subband is discontinuous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth is 100 MHz, the external RB set configuration can be one of the following in the bitmap expression: "11011, 11010, 01011, 11001, 10011, 10101, 10110, 01101, 10100, 00101, 10010, 01001, 11101, 10111, 10001".

[0600] Based on i) the subband is discontinuous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth is 100 MHz, the internal RB set configuration can be one of "01010" in the bitmap expression.

[0601] The unlicensed frequency band can be within FR1 (frequency range 1).

[0602] The unlicensed frequency band can be one of the NR bands n46, n96, and n102.

[0603] In the following, a device in mobile communication according to some embodiments of the present disclosure will be described.

[0604] For example, a device may include a processor, a transceiver, and memory.

[0605] For example, the processor can be configured to be operationally coupled to memory and processor.

[0606] The processor can be configured to: determine the maximum output power based on MPR (Maximum Power Reduction); and transmit S-SSB (Side Link Synchronization Block) via an unlicensed frequency band based on the maximum output power, wherein the UE's power level is power level 5, the MPR value is based on RB allocation, wherein the RB allocation is a configuration for the sub-bands used to transmit the S-SSB, wherein each of the sub-bands is 20 MHz, wherein the RB allocation is an external RB set configuration with an MPR value of 12.5 dB or less, and wherein the RB allocation is an internal RB set configuration with an MPR value of 9.5 dB or less.

[0607] In the following, a processor in mobile communication according to some embodiments of the present disclosure will be described.

[0608] The processor can be configured to: determine the maximum output power based on the MPR; and transmit S-SSB via an unlicensed frequency band based on the maximum output power, wherein the power class of the UE is power class 5, wherein the MPR value is based on RB allocation, wherein the RB allocation is a configuration for the sub-bands used to transmit the S-SSB, wherein each of the sub-bands is 20 MHz, wherein the RB allocation is an external RB set configuration with an MPR value of 12.5 dB or less, and wherein the RB allocation is an internal RB set configuration with an MPR value of 9.5 dB or less.

[0609] In the following, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a plurality of instructions in a wireless communication system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure will be described.

[0610] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the technical features of this disclosure can be implemented directly in hardware, software executed by a processor, or a combination of both. For example, a method executed by a wireless device in wireless communication can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. For example, the software can reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any other storage medium.

[0611] In some examples, the storage medium is coupled to a processor, allowing the processor to read information from the storage medium. Alternatively, the storage medium can be integrated into the processor. The processor and storage medium can reside in an ASIC. For other examples, the processor and storage medium can exist as discrete components.

[0612] Computer-readable media may include tangible and non-transitory computer-readable storage media.

[0613] For example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM), such as synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), read-only memory (ROM), non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, magnetic or optical data storage media, or any other medium that can be used to store instructions or data structures. Non-transitory computer-readable media may also include combinations of the foregoing.

[0614] Furthermore, the methods described herein can be implemented at least in part by a computer-readable communication medium that carries or transmits code in the form of instructions or data structures, and can be accessed, read, and / or executed by a computer.

[0615] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores a plurality of instructions. The stored plurality of instructions can be executed by a processor of a UE.

[0616] The stored instructions enable the UE to: determine the maximum output power based on the MPR; and transmit S-SSB via an unlicensed band based on the maximum output power, wherein the UE's power class is power class 5, wherein the MPR value is based on RB allocation, wherein the RB allocation is a configuration for the sub-bands used to transmit S-SSB, wherein each of the sub-bands is 20 MHz, wherein the RB allocation is an external RB set configuration with an MPR value of 12.5 dB or less, and wherein the RB allocation is an internal RB set configuration with an MPR value of 9.5 dB or less.

[0617] This disclosure can have various beneficial effects.

[0618] For example, the apparatus disclosed herein can be used to perform communication by applying the proposed MPR.

[0619] The effects achieved through the specific examples in this specification are not limited to those listed above. For example, there are various technical effects that can be understood or derived from this specification by one of ordinary skill in the art. Therefore, the specific effects of this disclosure are not limited to those explicitly described herein, but may include various effects that can be understood or derived from the technical features of this disclosure.

[0620] The claims in this disclosure can be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features in the method claims of this disclosure can be combined to implement or perform in a device, and the technical features in the device claims can be combined to implement or perform in a method. Furthermore, the technical features in the method claims and device claims can be combined to implement or perform in a device. Other implementations are within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A UE user equipment configured to operate in a wireless system, the UE comprising: a transceiver, a processor operably connected to the transceiver, wherein the processor is configured to: determine a maximum output power based on an MPR maximum power reduction; transmit, via an unlicensed band, an S-SSB sidelink synchronization signal block based on the maximum output power, wherein a power class of the UE is power class 5, wherein a value of the MPR is based on an RB resource block allocation, wherein the RB allocation is a configuration for sub-bands used to transmit the S-SSB, wherein each of the sub-bands is 20 MHz, wherein the value of the MPR is 12.5 dB or less based on the RB allocation being an outer RB set configuration, wherein the value of the MPR is 9.5 dB or less based on the RB allocation being an inner RB set configuration.

2. The UE of claim 1, wherein a bandwidth of all sub-bands is a wideband operating channel bandwidth, wherein a bitmap expression represents whether to transmit each of the sub-bands, wherein a "1" in the bitmap expression indicates a transmit sub-band, wherein a "0" in the bitmap expression indicates a non-transmit sub-band, wherein the outer RB set configuration is one of "11, 10, 01" in the bitmap expression based on i) the sub-bands being contiguous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth being 40 MHz, wherein the outer RB set configuration is one of "111, 110, 011, 100, 001" in the bitmap expression based on i) the sub-bands being contiguous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth being 60 MHz, wherein the outer RB set configuration is one of "1111, 1110, 0111, 1100, 0011, 1000, 0001" in the bitmap expression based on i) the sub-bands being contiguous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth being 80 MHz, wherein the outer RB set configuration is one of "11111, 11110, 01111, 11100, 00111, 11000, 00011, 10000, 00001" in the bitmap expression based on i) the sub-bands being contiguous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth being 100 MHz, wherein the inner RB set configuration is one of "010" in the bitmap expression based on i) the sub-bands being contiguous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth being 60 MHz, wherein the inner RB set configuration is one of "0110, 0100, 0010" in the bitmap expression based on i) the sub-bands being contiguous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth being 80 MHz, wherein, based on i) the sub-bands being contiguous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth being 100 MHz, the inner RB set configuration is one of "01110, 01100, 00110, 01000, 00010, 00100" in the bitmap expression, wherein, based on i) the sub-bands being non-contiguous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth being 60 MHz, the outer RB set configuration is one of "101" in the bitmap expression, wherein, based on i) the sub-bands being non-contiguous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth being 80 MHz, the outer RB set configuration is one of "1101, 1011, 1010, 0101, 1001" in the bitmap expression, wherein, based on i) the sub-bands being non-contiguous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth being 100 MHz, the outer RB set configuration is one of "11011, 11010, 01011, 11001, 10011, 10101, 10110, 01101, 10100, 00101, 10010, 01001, 11101, 10111, 10001" in the bitmap expression, wherein, based on i) the sub-bands being non-contiguous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth being 100 MHz, the inner RB set configuration is one of "01010" in the bitmap expression.

3. The UE of claim 1, wherein the unlicensed band is within a FR1 frequency range 1.

4. The UE of claim 1, wherein the unlicensed band is one of NR bands n46, n96, n102.

5. A method performed by a UE user equipment, the method comprising: determining a maximum output power based on an MPR maximum power reduction; transmitting, based on the maximum output power, an S-SSB sidelink synchronization signal block via an unlicensed band, wherein a power class of the UE is power class 5, wherein a value of the MPR is based on an RB resource block allocation, wherein the RB allocation is a configuration for sub-bands used for transmitting the S-SSB, wherein each of the sub-bands is 20 MHz, wherein, based on the RB allocation being an outer RB set configuration, the value of the MPR is 12.5 dB or less, wherein, based on the RB allocation being an inner RB set configuration, the value of the MPR is 9.5 dB or less.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein a bandwidth of all sub-bands is a wideband operating channel bandwidth, wherein a bitmap expression indicates whether each of the sub-bands is transmitted, wherein a "1" in the bitmap expression indicates a sub-band is transmitted, wherein a "0" in the bitmap expression indicates a sub-band is not transmitted, wherein, based on i) the sub-bands being contiguous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth being 40 MHz, the outer RB set configuration is one of "11, 10, 01" in the bitmap expression, wherein, based on i) the sub-bands being contiguous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth being 60 MHz, the outer RB set configuration is one of "111, 110, 011, 100, 001" in the bitmap expression, wherein, based on i) the sub-bands being contiguous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth being 80 MHz, the outer RB set configuration is one of "1111, 1110, 0111, 1100, 0011, 1000, 0001" in the bitmap expression, wherein, based on i) the sub-bands being contiguous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth being 100 MHz, the outer RB set configuration is one of "11111, 11110, 01111, 11100, 00111, 11000, 00011, 10000, 00001" in the bitmap expression, wherein, based on i) the sub-bands being contiguous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth being 60 MHz, the inner RB set configuration is one of "010" in the bitmap expression, wherein, based on i) the sub-bands being contiguous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth being 80 MHz, the inner RB set configuration is one of "0110, 0100, 0010" in the bitmap expression, wherein, based on i) the sub-bands being contiguous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth being 100 MHz, the inner RB set configuration is one of "01110, 01100, 00110, 01000, 00010, 00100" in the bitmap expression, wherein, based on i) the sub-bands being non-contiguous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth being 60 MHz, the outer RB set configuration is one of "101" in the bitmap expression, wherein, based on i) the sub-bands being non-contiguous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth being 80 MHz, the outer RB set configuration is one of "1101, 1011, 1010, 0101, 1001" in the bitmap expression, wherein, based on i) the sub-bands being non-contiguous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth being 100 MHz, the outer RB set configuration is one of "11011, 11010, 01011, 11001, 10011, 10101, 10110, 01101, 10100, 00101, 10010, 01001, 11101, 10111, 10001" in the bitmap expression, wherein, based on i) the sub-bands being non-contiguous and ii) the wideband operating channel bandwidth being 100 MHz, the inner RB set configuration is one of "01010” in the bitmap expression.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein the unlicensed band is in a FR1 frequency range 1.

8. The method of claim 5, wherein, the unlicensed band is one of NR bands n46, n96, n102.

9. At least one computer readable medium (CRM) having stored therein instructions based on execution by at least one processor to perform operations comprising: determining a maximum output power based on an MPR maximum power reduction; transmitting, based on the maximum output power, an S-SSB sidelink synchronization signal block via an unlicensed band, wherein a power class of a UE user equipment comprising the CRM is power class 5, wherein a value of the MPR is based on an RB resource block allocation, wherein the RB allocation is a configuration for sub-bands used to transmit the S-SSB, wherein each of the sub-bands is 20 MHz, wherein, based on the RB allocation being an outer RB set configuration, the value of the MPR is 12.5 dB or less, wherein, based on the RB allocation being an inner RB set configuration, the value of the MPR is 9.5 dB or less.

10. A device in mobile communications, the device comprising: a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor, wherein the processor is configured to: determine a maximum output power based on an MPR maximum power reduction; transmit, based on the maximum output power, an S-SSB sidelink synchronization signal block via an unlicensed band, wherein a power class of the device is power class 5, wherein a value of the MPR is based on an RB resource block allocation, wherein the RB allocation is a configuration for sub-bands used to transmit the S-SSB, wherein each of the sub-bands is 20 MHz, wherein, based on the RB allocation being an outer RB set configuration, the value of the MPR is 12.5 dB or less, wherein, based on the RB allocation being an inner RB set configuration, the value of the MPR is 9.5 dB or less.

Images