Simple mechanized high-yield rice cultivation method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and discloses a simple mechanical high-yield cultivation method for rice. The simple mechanized high-yield rice cultivation method comprises the following steps: S1, rice variety selection and seedling raising; s2, laying a drip irrigation system on the leveled field surface, and constructing a water storage pit on the side of each drip irrigation belt to form a planting unit; s3, in the rice transplanting period, transplanting the rice seedlings cultivated in the step S1 into the water storage pits constructed in the step S2; s4, carrying out irrigation through a drip irrigation system so as to maintain the water quantity required by the rice in each water storage pit at each stage; s5, fertilizing through a drip irrigation system to maintain a water and fertilizer environment in each water storage pit; s6, pest control and weeding. Small water storage pits are established on the basis of a seedling raising and transplanting technology, and trickle irrigation water supply is utilized to guarantee establishment of a water layer in the key growth period of rice, so that the light and simple mechanized high-yield rice cultivation method can stabilize the rice yield, reduce planting procedures and improve the mechanization degree.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of crop cultivation technology, specifically relating to a simplified, mechanized, and high-yield rice cultivation method. Background Technology

[0002] Rice is an important food crop in my country, with a planting area of ​​30 million hectares per year. 2 However, rice cultivation has the lowest level of mechanization among the three major grain crops, with a comprehensive mechanization rate of only 88%, compared to 97% for wheat and 91% for corn. Therefore, against the backdrop of an aging population nationwide, reducing rice cultivation procedures and increasing mechanization have become urgent issues to be addressed.

[0003] Currently, there are two technical directions to address the problems of complex rice planting procedures and low mechanization. One is to develop rice mulching dryland planting technology. This technology eliminates the seedling raising and transplanting process, allowing direct sowing in the field and using drip irrigation under the film for water and fertilizer management. Although it can significantly reduce the planting process and improve water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, rice mulching dryland planting technology cannot use mid-to-late maturing varieties due to maturity period limitations. It also cannot guarantee uniform emergence in the field environment, and it cannot establish a water layer during the critical growth period, thus limiting yield formation. Compared with the traditional rice planting technology of seedling raising and transplanting + water layer management, the yield of rice mulching dryland planting technology is also reduced. In addition, this technology requires mulching to retain water and there is also the problem of film residue. The other method is rice dryland water management technology. This technology also uses direct seeding, and water layer management is carried out after the rice seedlings emerge. Although it solves the water requirement problem during the critical growth period of rice, the direct seeding method still has the problems of maturity period and seedling uniformity. The application of this technology will still reduce rice yield. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the aforementioned shortcomings in the prior art by providing a simplified, mechanized, and high-yield rice cultivation method, thereby solving the technical problems of complex planting procedures and low mechanization in existing rice cultivation techniques.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A simplified, mechanized, and high-yield rice cultivation method includes: S1. Rice variety selection and seedling raising; S2. Lay a drip irrigation system on the leveled field surface and build a water storage pit on the side of each drip irrigation tape to form a planting unit; S3. During the rice transplanting period, the rice seedlings cultivated in step S1 are transplanted into the various water storage pits constructed in step S2. S4. Irrigation is carried out through a drip irrigation system to maintain the amount of water required for each stage of rice growth in each water storage pit; S5. Fertilizer is applied through a drip irrigation system to maintain the water and fertilizer environment in each water storage pit; S6, pest control and weeding.

[0006] Furthermore, the seedling raising includes the preparation of seedbed soil, which is prepared by mixing well-rotted farmyard manure and garden soil in a weight ratio of 1:2 to 3, and the pH value is adjusted to 5.5 using a seedbed soil conditioner before use.

[0007] Furthermore, the seedling raising in step S1 includes acidification, which involves using concentrated sulfuric acid diluted 500 times to prepare an acidified solution after the rice has reached the two-leaf-one-heart stage, and then spraying the rice leaves with a fungicide.

[0008] Furthermore, the drip irrigation system in step S2 adopts an embedded drip irrigation tape, and the planting unit includes two drip irrigation tapes and multiple water storage pits set on both sides of each drip irrigation tape. The multiple water storage pits are arranged along the length direction of the drip irrigation tape, the distance between two adjacent drip irrigation tapes is 60 cm, the distance between the drip holes on the drip irrigation tape is 15 cm, the rated flow rate is 2.5 L / h to 3.5 L / h, and the distance between two adjacent planting units is 30 cm.

[0009] Furthermore, in step S2, the water storage pit is frustum-shaped, and the upper opening of the water storage pit is larger than the lower base.

[0010] Furthermore, the upper bottom of the water storage pit is 32 cm long and 30 cm wide, the lower bottom is 20 cm long and 10 cm wide, and the depth is 8 cm.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S3, when transplanting rice seedlings, a shallow water layer of 2-3 cm is maintained in the water storage pit, and 2 seedlings are planted in each water storage pit, with 5-10 seedlings per hole and a hole spacing of 12-17 cm.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S4, the total irrigation volume for the entire growth period is 1200-2300 m³ / 666.7 m², with irrigation every day during the greening period, every day during the early growth period, every other day during the middle growth period, and every two days during the later growth period, until it stops 7-10 days before harvest.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S5, the total amount of pure nitrogen required throughout the growth period is 8 kg / 666.7 m², pure phosphorus 5 kg / 666.7 m², and pure potassium 4 kg / 666.7 m². All of the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied as base fertilizer, while the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in several applications: base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer, regulating fertilizer, panicle fertilizer, and grain fertilizer.

[0014] Furthermore, the application ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer is basal fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: regulating fertilizer: panicle fertilizer: grain fertilizer = 3:3:1:2:1.

[0015] The simplified, mechanized, and high-yield rice cultivation method provided by this invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. By establishing small water storage pits based on seedling transplanting technology, the field management procedures such as water tank repair, waterway cleaning, harrowing, weeding, and weed transportation are simplified, avoiding overlapping work between seedling raising and field management. At the same time, drip irrigation and trickle water supply ensure the establishment of water layers during the key growth period of rice. Thus, the simplified mechanized high-yield rice cultivation method provided by this invention can stabilize rice yield while reducing planting procedures and increasing the degree of mechanization. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the steps of the simplified mechanized high-yield rice cultivation method provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a bar chart showing the rice plant height under different modes provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a bar chart showing the changes in the water storage pit and total irrigation volume before and after optimization, as provided in Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Figure 4 A bar chart showing the impact of different annual patterns on water use efficiency provided in Embodiment 5 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a bar chart showing the labor requirements and number of planting procedures for different modes provided in Embodiment 5 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described below to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes are obvious as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the appended claims. All inventions utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0018] Example 1 This embodiment provides a simplified, mechanized, and high-yield rice cultivation method to address the technical problems of complex planting procedures and low mechanization in existing rice cultivation techniques. This simplified, mechanized, and high-yield rice cultivation method includes: S1. Rice variety selection and seedling raising; S2. Lay a drip irrigation system on the leveled field surface and build a water storage pit on the side of each drip irrigation tape to form a planting unit; S3. During the rice transplanting period, the rice seedlings cultivated in step S1 are transplanted into the various water storage pits constructed in step S2. S4. Irrigation is carried out through a drip irrigation system to maintain the amount of water required for each stage of rice growth in each water storage pit; S5. Fertilizer is applied through a drip irrigation system to maintain the water and fertilizer environment in each water storage pit; S6, pest control and weeding.

[0019] In this embodiment, in S1, the rice variety selection is based on the current accumulated temperature conditions, and a mid-to-late maturing japonica rice variety is selected.

[0020] Optionally, seedling raising includes the preparation of seedbed soil, which is made by crushing and sieving fully decomposed farmyard manure and then mixing it with garden soil at a weight ratio of 1:2 to 3, and using a seedbed soil conditioner to adjust the pH value to 5.5.

[0021] Selecting suitable locations for seedling cultivation also includes choosing unpolluted, flat, sheltered, sunny plots with convenient water sources, good drainage, and loose, fertile soil as seedbeds. The soil should be slightly acidic or neutral. The seedbeds should be maintained long-term and fertilized annually. The ratio of seedbed to paddy field should be 1:100, meaning 1:100 per 667m². 2 Honda requires a net seedling raising area of ​​8m to 10m².

[0022] The seedling trays are 60cm x 28cm in size, with each tray containing 90g to 125g of seeds. Sowing can begin when the average daily temperature is consistently between 5℃ and 6℃, typically between April 5th and 15th each year. Sowing is then carried out using a continuous line seeder or a self-propelled seeder, with 20kg to 24kg of soil used per square meter, and a covering depth of 1cm to 1.5cm.

[0023] Step S1 of seedling cultivation also includes acidification. After the rice has two leaves and one heart stage, concentrated sulfuric acid is diluted 500 times to make acidified water. A fungicide is added and sprayed on the rice leaves. Optionally, the fungicide can be dichlorvos. After using the acidified water and dichlorvos, clean water is sprayed immediately to control the pH value of the seedbed soil between 4.5 and 5.5 to prevent seedbed diseases.

[0024] When raising seedlings, if the dew on the tips of the seedling leaves decreases or disappears in the morning, and the leaves curl up at noon, it indicates a lack of water. Therefore, watering should be done promptly before 8:00 AM or after 5:00 PM.

[0025] Before seedling emergence, the temperature should be controlled at 25℃~30℃; during the two-leaf and one-heart stage, the temperature should be controlled at 20℃~25℃; and before transplanting, the temperature should not exceed 20℃.

[0026] The drip irrigation system in step S2 uses embedded drip irrigation tape. Each planting unit includes two drip irrigation tapes and multiple water storage pits on both sides of each drip irrigation tape. The multiple water storage pits are arranged along the length of the drip irrigation tape. The distance between two adjacent drip irrigation tapes is 60 cm, the distance between the drip holes on the drip irrigation tape is 15 cm, the rated flow rate is 2.5 L / h to 3.5 L / h, and the distance between two adjacent planting units is 30 cm. The drippers of the embedded drip irrigation tape, i.e., the water emitters, are embedded in the inner wall of the drip irrigation tape pipe. The water output of the embedded drip irrigation tape is uniform and stable, ensuring that the flow rate of each water outlet is consistent, so as to accurately control the water volume in each water storage pit. The embedded drip irrigation tape has good anti-clogging properties, is easy to lay, and has high durability, making it economical and practical.

[0027] The drip irrigation tape is laid in the forward direction, connecting the capillary tubes, branch pipes, main pipe, and water source in sequence.

[0028] Before laying the drip irrigation tape, select a plot of land that is flat, fertile, has drip irrigation facilities, and has no pesticide residues from the previous crop that could harm the rice. Then, use a rotary tiller to till the soil to a depth of 15-20cm to achieve a uniform depth, level and broken soil, and no visible or hidden clods.

[0029] In step S2, the water storage pit is truncated pyramidal in shape, with the upper opening being larger than the lower base. By setting up a truncated pyramidal water storage pit with an upper opening larger than the lower base, the structural stability of the pit is significantly enhanced, ensuring the continuity of function throughout the entire growth period. On the other hand, it optimizes the lateral seepage dynamics of water and improves the efficiency of drip irrigation water transport into the pit, thus providing a reliable engineering foundation for core precision water management.

[0030] Optionally, the upper base of the water storage pit is 32 cm long and 30 cm wide, the lower base is 20 cm long and 10 cm wide, and the depth is 8 cm. The volume of the water storage pit is 4261.81 cm3. Four or six water storage pits constitute one belt, that is, four or six water storage pits are distributed at certain intervals along both sides or one side of a drip irrigation belt ("one belt"), which together constitute the planting unit served and managed by this drip irrigation belt.

[0031] The water storage pit should be built 1-2 days after the drip irrigation tape has been laid and water has been dripped until the soil is completely saturated and has settled.

[0032] In step S3, when transplanting rice seedlings, a shallow water layer of 2-3 cm is maintained in the water storage pit. This shallow water layer ensures that the base of the seedlings is fully moistened, preventing wilting due to water loss caused by transplanting damage. It provides immediate and reliable water support for the survival and rapid greening of the seedlings. At the same time, the soil in the pit is in a muddy state, which facilitates precise control of the transplanting depth. Two seedlings are planted in each water storage pit, with 5-10 seedlings per hole and a hole spacing of 12-17 cm. The transplanting time for rice seedlings is generally from May 10 to May 20.

[0033] In step S4, the total irrigation volume for the entire growth period is 1200-2300 m³ / 666.7 m². Irrigation is carried out daily during the greening period, daily during the early growth period, every other day during the middle growth period, and every two days during the late growth period, until it stops 7-10 days before harvest. The irrigation time is between 8:00 and 9:00 am on the day of harvest.

[0034] Before transplanting rice seedlings, the water storage pit needs to be irrigated once during its construction, with an irrigation volume of 35m³. 3 ~40m 3 / 666.7m 2 The field water holding capacity should be above 85%.

[0035] Irrigation during the greening-up period, 10-15 days after transplanting, is necessary as the seedlings require a large amount of water. Irrigation should be done once a day, with each irrigation providing 35 ml of water. 3 ~40m 3 / 666.7m 2 .

[0036] Irrigation is required during the early growth stages of rice, which include tillering, jointing, and booting stages, generally from early June to late July. Irrigation should be done once a day, with each irrigation providing 15 cubic meters of water. 3 ~20m 3 / 666.7m 2 .

[0037] Irrigation during the mid-growth stage of rice, which includes the heading and grain-filling period, generally from early August to early September, is carried out every other day, with each irrigation providing 15 cubic meters of water. 3 ~20m 3 / 666.7m 2 .

[0038] Irrigation during the later stages of rice growth should be carried out in mid-to-late September, once every two days, with each irrigation providing 15 cubic meters of water. 3 ~20m 3 / 666.7m 2 Irrigation should be stopped 7 to 10 days before harvest.

[0039] In step S5, the total required fertilizer for the entire growth period is 8 kg / 666.7 m² of pure nitrogen, 5 kg / 666.7 m² of pure phosphorus, and 4 kg / 666.7 m² of pure potassium. All phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied as base fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer is applied in stages: base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer, regulating fertilizer, panicle fertilizer, and grain fertilizer. Base fertilizer is applied to the soil before land preparation or transplanting to provide basic nutrients for the early growth of rice, promoting root development and early tillering. Tillering fertilizer is applied after transplanting and during the initial tillering stage. Fertilizers applied during the tillering stage promote effective tillering in rice, increasing the number of panicles and building a high-yield plant structure. Regulating fertilizers are applied in the middle and late tillering stages to regulate plant growth, prevent excessive ineffective tillering, and promote strong stems. Panicle fertilizers are applied from the early stage of panicle differentiation to the booting stage to promote panicle differentiation, increase the number of grains per panicle, and are the key fertilizer for determining yield. Grain fertilizers are applied before and after the heading stage to prolong the functional period of leaves, improve photosynthesis, increase grain weight, and prevent premature senescence.

[0040] Optionally, the application ratio of nitrogen fertilizer is: base fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: regulating fertilizer: panicle fertilizer: grain fertilizer = 3:3:1:2:1.

[0041] Alternatively, during the grain-filling period, foliar spray with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, using 0.1 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per acre diluted in 25 kg of water, and spray again every other week.

[0042] Optionally, disease control can be carried out during the heading and breaking-up stage of rice, at a rate of 1000 m² per 667 m². 2 Dilute 75ml-100ml of 40% isoprothiolane emulsifiable concentrate with 25kg-30kg of water and spray. Spray once every 7-10 days, for 2-4 times.

[0043] Alternatively, weed control can be achieved by combining pre-transplanting weed control with post-transplanting foliar weed control. One to two days before transplanting, weed control can be applied to every 667 m². 2 Spray with 150ml of 12% oxadiazon; after transplanting, before the weeds reach the 3-leaf stage, spray the leaves with 200ml of 48% metribuzin liquid and 50ml of 10% cyhalofop-butyl emulsifiable concentrate, diluted in 15kg of water.

[0044] Example 2 This example is a screening experiment for different planting patterns.

[0045] The experiment was conducted in 2024 in Wudaohezi Village, Haolibao Town, Zhalantun Banner. Four cultivation models were implemented: seedling transplanting with mulching for water retention; seedling transplanting with pit water storage (the rice cultivation method described in Example 1); conventional model (seedling transplanting with water storage in a pond); and mulched dryland cultivation. The seedling transplanting with mulching for water retention, seedling transplanting with pit water storage, and conventional model used the Zhongkefa 5 variety. Each model had two beds, each 1.7m wide, with eight rows planted per bed. The small row spacing was 12cm, and the large row spacing was 20cm (same as the mulched dryland cultivation model). Each bed was 50cm long, and each model covered 170m². The mulched dryland rice variety was Xingyuzaoxiang-1.

[0046] Results analysis revealed the impact of different models on rice yield and its components.

[0047] Table 1 shows that the number of hills per mu (a Chinese unit of area, approximately 0.067 hectares) for each treatment ranged from 18519.44 to 27779.17. The mulched dryland planting mode had the highest number of hills per mu. The differences in the number of hills per mu between the seedling transplanting + pit water retention and seedling transplanting + mulching water retention modes and the conventional mode were not significant. The number of panicles per hill in both seedling transplanting modes was greater than that in the mulched dryland planting mode, but less than that in the conventional mode. The conventional mode had the highest number of panicles per hill at 22.07, which significantly increased by 40.51% and 20.25% compared to the seedling transplanting + mulching water retention and seedling transplanting + pit water retention modes, respectively. The mulched dryland planting mode had the lowest number of panicles per hill at only 10.33, which was significantly lower than that in the conventional mode. The yield was significantly reduced by 53.19%; the conventional mode had the highest number of ears per mu and was significantly higher than the seedling transplanting + pit water retention and mulching dryland planting modes; there was no significant difference in the number of grains per ear among the treatments; the thousand-grain weight of the conventional mode was significantly higher than the seedling transplanting + mulching water retention mode and the seedling transplanting + pit water retention mode, with increases of 8.13% and 10.64%, respectively; the yield of each treatment was as follows: conventional mode > seedling transplanting + pit water retention > mulching dryland planting > seedling transplanting + mulching water retention, with the conventional mode significantly higher than the other three modes. Among them, compared with mulching dryland planting, the yield of seedling transplanting + pit water retention increased by 1.89%, but it did not reach a significant level.

[0048] Table 1. Effects of different models on rice yield and its components.

[0049] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that there was no significant difference in plant height among the treatments. The highest plant height was 101.33 cm in the seedling transplanting + mulching water retention mode, followed by the conventional mode at 98.07 cm, and the lowest plant height was 95.23 cm in the seedling transplanting + pit water storage mode.

[0050] In 2024, two new water-saving mechanized planting models were established: seedling transplanting + mulching for water retention and seedling transplanting + pit water storage. Research showed that both models resulted in successful seedling survival and normal growth after transplanting. The seedling transplanting + pit water storage model showed significantly higher yields, increasing yields by 1.89% compared to mulched dryland planting. Therefore, this model has considerable research value.

[0051] Example 3 This embodiment is an experimental study on the optimization of water storage pits and the exploration of water management models.

[0052] The experiment, conducted from 2024 to 2025, was held in Wudaohezi Village, Haolibao Town, Zhalantun Banner. The planting method used was rice seedling raising and transplanting with pit irrigation. The total irrigation volume in 2024 was 601 m³. 3 The water storage pit is shaped like a frustum, and its water storage volume is 3902.31 cm. 3 Rice seedlings were transplanted in pits on May 12th. During the greening period, they were watered five times with a water truck, but the results were unsatisfactory, and most seedlings died from drought. Replanting was carried out on May 20th. From May 20th to July 15th, submersible pumps were used for watering 24 times, once every 1-2 days, each time for about 2 hours. From the end of July until harvest, only one watering was done, and significant drought occurred later. The total irrigation volume for 2025 is 1245 m³. 3 The water storage pit is shaped like a frustum, and its water storage volume is 4760.00 cm³. 3 Rice seedlings were transplanted on May 14th. Before transplanting, the water storage pit needed to be irrigated once, with a water volume of 35m³. 3 / 666.7m 2 The field water holding capacity should be above 85%; irrigate once a day for 10-15 days after transplanting, with each irrigation providing 25 ml of water. 3 / 666.7m 2 From early June to the end of July, irrigate once a day, with each irrigation providing 10 cubic meters of water. 3 / 666.7m 2 From early August to early September, irrigate every other day, with each irrigation consisting of 10 cubic meters of water. 3 / 666.7m 2 In mid-to-late September, irrigate every two days, with each irrigation providing 10 cubic meters of water. 3 / 666.7m 2 Irrigation will cease 7-10 days before harvest. Rainfall is projected to be 312.08 mm in 2024 and 492.9 mm in 2025.

[0053] Depend on Figure 3 It can be seen that the volume of the water storage pit increased by 21.98% after optimization, and the total irrigation volume increased by 107.15%.

[0054] As shown in Table 2, the optimized rice seedling raising and transplanting pit water storage mode significantly improved the grain weight per hill and the yield per mu. Compared with the optimization, the number of hills per mu decreased by 20.93%, while the number of panicles per hill, the number of grains per panicle, and the thousand-grain weight increased by 23.86%, 8.30%, 11.12%, 57.91%, and 26.12%, respectively.

[0055] Table 2. Impact of optimized water storage pits and water management on rice yield and its components.

[0056] Based on the experimental experience of the previous year, the water storage pit size and water management of the rice seedling transplanting pit water storage model were optimized in 2025. Compared with 2024, the optimized model in 2025 increased the number of panicles per hill by 23.86%, the number of grains per panicle by 8.30%, the thousand-grain weight by 11.12%, the grain weight per hill by 57.91%, and the yield per mu by 26.12%. In the table, ns indicates that the difference between the two treatments is not significant (p>0.05), * indicates that the difference is significant (p<0.05), and ** indicates that the difference is extremely significant (p<0.01). The same applies to the following tables.

[0057] Example 4 This example is an experiment on the interaction between planting varieties and planting density.

[0058] The experiment was conducted in 2025 in Wudaohezi Village, Haolibao Town, Zhalantun Banner. The planting method was rice seedling raising and transplanting with pit water storage. A split-plot experimental design was used, with the main plot containing the varieties Zhongkefa 5 and Longyang 16, and the subplots containing the number of seedlings per hole: 5, 10, and 15, for a total of 6 treatments. The plot area was 85 m2.

[0059] As shown in Table 3, among the two varieties, the number of grains per hill of Zhongkefa 21-9 was significantly higher than that of Longyang 16, with an increase of 14.83%. This may be because Zhongkefa 21-9 significantly increased the number of ears per hill, with an increase of 87.67% compared to Longyang 12.

[0060] Table 3. Effects of planting variety and density on factors contributing to rice yield.

[0061] In 2025, a two-factor split-plot experiment was designed to consider the planting variety and the number of seedlings per hole. The results showed that the planting variety Zhongkefa 5 was more suitable for the rice seedling raising and transplanting pit water storage mode. Compared with Longyang 16, the grain weight per hole of Zhongkefa 5 was increased by 14.83%. The grain weight per hole for both varieties at different planting densities was low density (5 seedlings / hole) > medium density (10 seedlings / hole) > high density (15 seedlings / hole).

[0062] Example 5 This example is a comparative experiment of different models across different years.

[0063] The trial period was from 2024 to 2025. The trial was conducted in Wudaohezi Village, Haolibao Town, Zhalantun Banner, and included four planting modes: seedling transplanting with pit water storage, mulched dryland planting, and the conventional mode (seedling transplanting with water storage in a pond). The rice variety planted in the seedling transplanting + pit water storage and mulched dryland planting modes was Zhongkefa 5, while the rice variety planted in the mulched dryland planting mode was Xingyuzaoxiang-1.

[0064] Table 4 shows that the year significantly affects the number of rice hills per mu (667 square meters), the grain weight per hill, and the thousand-grain weight. Different planting patterns significantly affect the number of hills per mu, the number of panicles per hill, the thousand-grain weight, the grain weight per hill, and the yield. The interaction between the year and the planting pattern significantly affects the yield and the grain weight per hill. The traditional rice planting pattern yielded the highest yield in both years. In 2024, the yields of the seedling transplanting and pit-planting water storage pattern and the mulched dryland planting pattern were significantly lower than those of traditional rice by 42.81% and 41.73%, respectively, with no significant difference in yield between the two patterns. In 2025, the optimized seedling transplanting and pit-planting water storage pattern significantly increased the yield, increasing by 26.12% compared to 2024, and showing no significant difference compared to traditional rice in 2025, but a significant increase of 27.54% compared to mulched dryland planting.

[0065] Table 4. Impact of different patterns on yield and its components across years.

[0066] Depend on Figure 4 It can be seen that the water use efficiency of each mode is similar from year to year. The rice mulching dryland planting mode has the highest water use efficiency, followed by the seedling raising and transplanting pit water storage mode, while the traditional rice planting mode has the lowest water use efficiency. Compared with traditional rice, the seedling raising and transplanting pit water storage mode has an average water use efficiency increase of 41.32% over two years.

[0067] Depend on Figure 5 It can be seen that both the mulching dry planting mode and the seedling raising and transplanting pit water storage mode can reduce the amount of labor per mu and the number of procedures. Compared with traditional rice, the seedling raising and transplanting pit water storage mode reduces the amount of labor per mu by 26.13% and the number of procedures by 20%.

[0068] Comparative experiments were conducted in 2024 and 2025 on three rice planting methods: rice seedling raising and transplanting with pit water storage, rice mulching and dryland planting, and traditional rice planting (seedling raising and transplanting + water storage in a pond). The study found that in 2024, the traditional rice planting method yielded the highest output, followed by the seedling raising and transplanting with pit water storage method, with a significant yield reduction of 41.73% compared to the traditional method. In 2025, the traditional rice planting method again yielded the highest output, followed by the seedling raising and transplanting with pit water storage method, with a yield reduction of 5.81% compared to the traditional method, but this reduction was not statistically significant. Compared to mulching and dryland planting, the seedling raising and transplanting with pit water storage method significantly increased the yield by 2.75%. Compared to traditional rice, the rice seedling raising and transplanting with pit water storage method improved water use efficiency by 41.32%, reduced the number of planting steps by 20%, and reduced labor input per acre by 26.13%.

[0069] Through two years of exploration and research, the feasibility of the rice seedling raising and transplanting pit water storage technology has been verified. This technology can stabilize yields, improve water use efficiency, reduce planting procedures, and lower labor costs per acre, effectively balancing the relationship between rice yield, water use efficiency, and mechanization level. Therefore, the rice seedling raising and transplanting pit water storage technology has strong technical advantages and promising application prospects.

[0070] Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this patent. Various modifications and variations that can be made by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort within the scope described in the claims still fall within the scope of protection of this patent.

Claims

1. A simplified, mechanized, and high-yield rice cultivation method, characterized in that, include: S1. Rice variety selection and seedling raising; S2. Lay a drip irrigation system on the leveled field surface and build a water storage pit on the side of each drip irrigation tape to form a planting unit; S3. During the rice transplanting period, the rice seedlings cultivated in step S1 are transplanted into the various water storage pits constructed in step S2. S4. Irrigation is carried out through a drip irrigation system to maintain the amount of water required for each stage of rice growth in each water storage pit; S5. Fertilizer is applied through a drip irrigation system to maintain the water and fertilizer environment in each water storage pit; S6, pest control and weeding.

2. The simplified, mechanized, and high-yield rice cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seedling cultivation includes the preparation of seedbed soil, which is made by mixing well-rotted farmyard manure and garden soil in a weight ratio of 1:2 to 3, and using a seedbed soil conditioner to adjust the pH value to 5.

5.

3. The simplified, mechanized, and high-yield rice cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The seedling raising process in step S1 includes acidification, which involves using concentrated sulfuric acid diluted 500 times to prepare an acidified solution after the rice has reached the two-leaf and one-heart stage, and then spraying the rice leaves with a fungicide.

4. The simplified, mechanized, and high-yield rice cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drip irrigation system in step S2 uses embedded drip irrigation tape, and the planting unit includes two drip irrigation tapes and multiple water storage pits set on both sides of each drip irrigation tape. The multiple water storage pits are arranged along the length direction of the drip irrigation tape. The distance between two adjacent drip irrigation tapes is 60 cm, the distance between the drip holes on the drip irrigation tape is 15 cm, the rated flow rate is 2.5 L / h to 3.5 L / h, and the distance between two adjacent planting units is 30 cm.

5. The simplified, mechanized, and high-yield rice cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S2, the water storage pit is frustum-shaped, and the upper opening of the water storage pit is larger than the lower base.

6. The simplified, mechanized, and high-yield rice cultivation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The water storage pit has an upper base length of 32 cm, a width of 30 cm, a lower base length of 20 cm, a width of 10 cm, and a depth of 8 cm.

7. The simplified, mechanized, and high-yield rice cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, when transplanting rice seedlings, a shallow water layer of 2-3 cm is maintained in the water storage pit. Two seedlings are planted in each water storage pit, with 5-10 seedlings per hole and a hole spacing of 12-17 cm.

8. The simplified, mechanized, and high-yield rice cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the total irrigation volume for the entire growth period is 1200-2300 m³ / 666.7 m², with irrigation every day during the greening period, every day during the early growth period, every other day during the middle growth period, and every two days during the later growth period, until it stops 7-10 days before harvest.

9. The simplified, mechanized, and high-yield rice cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the total amount of pure nitrogen (8 kg / 666.7 m²), pure phosphorus (5 kg / 666.7 m²), and pure potassium (4 kg / 666.7 m²) required throughout the entire growth period is as follows: all phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied as base fertilizer, and nitrogen fertilizer is applied in several applications: base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer, regulating fertilizer, panicle fertilizer, and grain fertilizer.

10. The simplified, mechanized, and high-yield rice cultivation method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The application ratio of nitrogen fertilizer is: base fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: regulating fertilizer: panicle fertilizer: grain fertilizer = 3:3:1:2:1.

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