Novel soluble magnesium alloy material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of magnesium alloy materials, and discloses a novel soluble magnesium alloy material which comprises magnesium, alloy elements and functional additives. The magnesium with the weight fraction not lower than 60% is used as a core substrate and matched with aluminum, zinc, manganese and other alloy elements and graphene, ceramic, silver and other functional additives, a synergistic interaction system is formed, the problem that the mechanical property and the dissolution characteristic of an existing soluble magnesium alloy are difficult to consider at the same time is solved, aluminum improves the strength through solid solution strengthening, zinc and tin form a nano precipitated phase to enhance the pressure resistance, and the mechanical property and the dissolution characteristic of the soluble magnesium alloy are improved. The magnesium alloy, copper, iron and nickel form an intermetallic compound, and multiple primary battery effects are matched, so that uniform and rapid degradation of the magnesium alloy is realized; harmful impurity compounds are reduced by manganese, corrosion resistance is improved, zirconium and lanthanum refine grains, gadolinium and silicon optimize high-temperature stability, wear resistance and pressure resistance are specifically enhanced by graphene and ceramic, strength is further improved by silver, and the material comprehensively overcomes the defects that an existing product is insufficient in strength, uneven in dissolution and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of magnesium alloy materials technology, specifically a novel soluble magnesium alloy material and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of engineering technologies such as oil drilling and well completion, soluble alloy materials have received widespread attention in the manufacture of tool components such as pipelines, valves, and fracturing balls due to their ability to dissolve on their own after use without the need for additional disassembly or cleaning. They have become an important material direction for simplifying construction processes and reducing operating costs.

[0003] Soluble magnesium alloys, with their abundant resources and moderate density, have gradually become a research focus in this field. However, their performance in practical applications still needs further optimization. Existing soluble magnesium alloy materials have significant shortcomings in terms of composition matching and performance adaptation. It is difficult to achieve an ideal balance between mechanical properties and solubility. Some materials have insufficient strength, wear resistance, and compressive strength, making them difficult to adapt to complex and harsh working environments. Other materials suffer from runaway dissolution rates and uneven dissolution, which can easily lead to premature failure or residue accumulation. At the same time, the overall performance improvement of existing materials is limited. Corrosion resistance and high-temperature stability are difficult to meet the diverse application requirements. Furthermore, the related preparation processes are lacking in terms of component dispersion uniformity, production efficiency, and product consistency. These factors together restrict the promotion and application of soluble magnesium alloy materials in a wider range of fields, thus requiring improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a novel soluble magnesium alloy material and its preparation method, which has the advantage of strong adaptability.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a novel soluble magnesium alloy material, wherein the magnesium alloy material comprises magnesium, alloying elements, and functional additives; the magnesium content by weight is not less than 60%, and the alloying elements include at least one selected from aluminum, zinc, manganese, iron, copper, nickel, silicon, lead, tin, calcium, gadolinium, zirconium, and lanthanum, wherein the weight percentage of aluminum is 0.051-6.163%, the weight percentage of zinc is 0.0125-6.496%, the weight percentage of manganese is 0.1749-4.4263%, the weight percentage of iron is 0.0010-0.0123%, the weight percentage of copper is 0.0010-0.2972%, and the weight percentage of nickel is 0.230%. The composition includes 3-3.3250% by weight of silicon (0.0037-0.0234%), 0.0002-0.0020% by weight of lead, 0.0001-0.0061% by weight of tin, 0.0004-0.0028% by weight of calcium, 0.0003-2.692% by weight of gadolinium, 0.0001-0.0097% by weight of zirconium, and 0.1697-0.2643% by weight of lanthanum; the functional additives include at least one of graphene, ceramics, and silver, wherein the total weight percentage of graphene and ceramics is 0.2-0.5%, and the weight percentage of silver is 0.001-0.5%.

[0006] Preferably, the alloying element comprises at least two of aluminum, zinc, and manganese.

[0007] Preferably, the functional additive is a combination of graphene and ceramic, or a combination of graphene, ceramic and silver.

[0008] Preferably, the alloying elements include zirconium and lanthanum.

[0009] Preferably, the copper and magnesium form an electrochemically active in-situ precipitated intermediate metal phase CuMgx, and the nickel and magnesium form an electrochemically active in-situ precipitated intermediate metal phase MgxNi.

[0010] Preferably, the preparation method of soluble magnesium alloy material includes the following steps: Step 1: Provide magnesium or magnesium alloy raw materials, as well as alloying element powders and functional additive powders, wherein the total weight of alloying element powders and functional additive powders accounts for 0.05-40% of the final magnesium alloy material; Step 2: Heat the magnesium or magnesium alloy raw material to a temperature above its solidus temperature and hold it at that temperature until it is completely melted; Step 3: Add alloying element powder to molten magnesium or magnesium alloy, stir evenly, add functional additive powder, and continue mixing to form a uniform mixture. The melting point of the functional additive powder is higher than the solidus temperature of the magnesium or magnesium alloy. Step 4: Cool the mixture below the solidus temperature to solidify and form a novel soluble magnesium alloy material.

[0011] Preferably, the heating temperature in step two is in the range of magnesium or magnesium alloy solidus temperature +50°C to 100°C below the melting point of the functional additive powder.

[0012] Preferably, the mixing method in step three is at least one of ultrasonic dispersion and mechanical stirring, with an ultrasonic dispersion power of 100-500W, a stirring speed of 500-2000r / min, and a mixing time of 10-60 minutes.

[0013] Preferably, the cooling rate in step four is 1-10℃ / minute, and after curing, a heat treatment or deformation treatment step is also included. The heat treatment temperature is 100-500℃, and the holding time is 1-20 hours. The deformation treatment is one of extrusion, forging or rolling.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: With magnesium as the core base (weight fraction not less than 60%), combined with alloying elements such as aluminum, zinc, and manganese, and functional additives such as graphene, ceramics, and silver, a synergistic system is formed, solving the problem of the difficulty in balancing the mechanical properties and solubility characteristics of existing soluble magnesium alloys. Aluminum enhances strength through solid solution strengthening, zinc and tin form nano-precipitates to enhance compressive strength, and form intermetallic compounds with copper, iron, and nickel. With the help of multiple galvanic cell effects, the magnesium alloy is able to degrade uniformly and rapidly. Manganese reduces harmful impurity compounds and improves corrosion resistance, zirconium and lanthanum refine grains, gadolinium and silicon optimize high-temperature stability, graphene and ceramics specifically enhance wear resistance and compressive strength, and silver further enhances strength. The material comprehensively improves the defects of existing products such as insufficient strength, uneven solubility, poor corrosion resistance and high-temperature adaptability, and is suitable for the needs of multiple scenarios such as oil drilling and non-oil wells. Detailed Implementation

[0015] Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] Example 1 This invention provides a novel soluble magnesium alloy material, comprising magnesium, alloying elements, and functional additives; the magnesium weight fraction is not less than 60%, and the alloying elements comprise, by weight percentages: aluminum 0.055-6.162%, zinc 0.0130-6.494%, manganese 0.1749-4.4263%, iron 0.0010-0.0123%, copper 0.0010-0.2972%, and nickel 0%. 0.2303-3.3250% by weight, silicon 0.0037-0.0234% by weight, lead 0.0002-0.0020% by weight, tin 0.0001-0.0061% by weight, calcium 0.0004-0.0028% by weight, gadolinium 0.0003-2.692% by weight, zirconium 0.0001-0.0097% by weight, lanthanum 0.1697-0.2643% by weight; no functional additives.

[0017] With magnesium as the core matrix, alloying elements work synergistically. Aluminum significantly enhances alloy strength through solid solution strengthening and the formation of precipitates such as AlLi and Mg2Si. Zinc and lithium work synergistically to reduce corrosion rate. Zinc combines with magnesium to form nano-precipitates parallel to the magnesium basal plane, and tin combines with magnesium to form nano-precipitates parallel to the magnesium columnar plane. These synergistically hinder dislocation slip and improve compressive strength. At the same time, tin and zinc form intermetallic compounds such as CuMg(Zn,Sn), FeMg(Zn,Sn), and Mg(Zn,Sn)Ni with copper, iron, and nickel at grain boundaries, accelerating synchronous corrosion at grain boundaries and within the matrix, thereby increasing the degradation rate of magnesium alloys. Manganese can bind to impurities such as iron to reduce harmful intermetallic formation. Compounds are formed to improve resistance to seawater corrosion. Iron, nickel, and copper are easily corroded metals that can form multiple different types of galvanic cells with the magnesium matrix. The nanophase inside the magnesium alloy also forms multiple micro galvanic cells with the magnesium matrix. These galvanic cells can accelerate the corrosion and dissolution rate of the magnesium alloy in water. Tin refines the grains, gadolinium enhances high-temperature stability, and zirconium optimizes grain size and heat resistance. Combined with functional additives, the strength, wear resistance, and compressive strength are specifically improved, making it fully adaptable to the use scenarios of tool components in oil drilling. It achieves a precise balance between controlled material dissolution rate and reliable mechanical performance.

[0018] The alloying elements include at least two of aluminum, zinc, and manganese.

[0019] Aluminum is strengthened through solid solution, zinc optimizes the corrosion rate, and manganese improves resistance to seawater corrosion. The synergistic effect of these three elements further enhances the overall performance of the alloy, ensuring that the material maintains both mechanical reliability and solution stability during service.

[0020] The functional additives are combinations of graphene and ceramics, or combinations of graphene, ceramics, and silver.

[0021] Graphene enhances thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, while ceramics improve wear resistance and pressure resistance. The combination of these two or three can be flexibly adjusted according to actual application needs, and the specific properties of the materials can be optimized in a targeted manner. Silver has high solid solubility in both magnesium and lithium, and as the temperature decreases, γ-AgMg phase or AgLi phase precipitates. When the silver content is less than 10%, the alloy strength increases linearly with the increase of silver content, but the increase is small. After exceeding 10%, the strength increases significantly, but the strengthening effect per unit mass is lower than that of elements such as aluminum and zinc.

[0022] The alloying elements include zirconium and lanthanum.

[0023] Zirconium refines alloy grains to improve strength and heat resistance, while lanthanum improves electrochemical performance and corrosion resistance. The two work synergistically to optimize the alloy's microstructure and surface properties, ensuring the material's dissolution consistency and mechanical stability under complex working conditions.

[0024] Among them, copper and magnesium form an electrochemically active in-situ precipitated intermediate metal phase CuMgx, and nickel and magnesium form an electrochemically active in-situ precipitated intermediate metal phase MgxNi.

[0025] Copper and nickel form an in-situ precipitated intermediate metallic phase, and the electrochemically active phase promotes the controlled dissolution of the alloy while enhancing its strength and toughness. This solves the problems of unstable dissolution rate and insufficient mechanical properties of traditional soluble magnesium alloys, balancing dissolution efficiency and service reliability.

[0026] The preparation method of soluble magnesium alloy materials includes the following steps: Step 1: Provide magnesium or magnesium alloy raw materials and alloying element powders, with the total weight of the alloying element powders accounting for 0.05-40% of the final magnesium alloy material; Step 2: Heat the magnesium or magnesium alloy raw material to a temperature above its solidus temperature and hold it at that temperature until it is completely melted; Step 3: Add alloying element powder to molten magnesium or magnesium alloy and stir evenly; Step 4: Cool the mixture below the solidus temperature to solidify and form a new type of soluble magnesium alloy material.

[0027] The powder form facilitates uniform dispersion and avoids local component enrichment. The mixing and cooling steps can promote the solid solution strengthening effect of alloying elements such as aluminum and zinc, and help copper and nickel form in-situ precipitated intermediate metal phases. At the same time, it ensures the uniform distribution of functional additives such as graphene and ceramics to exert wear-resistant and pressure-resistant effects. It can be mass-produced and can ensure the performance consistency of different batches of products. There is no need to adjust the core process due to slight differences in composition, which reduces the difficulty and cost of production.

[0028] In step two, the heating temperature is in the range of magnesium or magnesium alloy solidus temperature +50°C to 100°C below the melting point of the functional additive powder.

[0029] By limiting the heating temperature range, we can ensure that magnesium or magnesium alloys are completely melted while avoiding excessive melting of additives that could damage their functional properties. This ensures that additives and the matrix are effectively combined, improves the stability of material properties, and reduces process risks during the preparation process.

[0030] In step three, the mixing method is at least one of ultrasonic dispersion and mechanical stirring, with ultrasonic dispersion power of 100-500W, stirring speed of 500-2000r / min, and mixing time of 10-60 minutes.

[0031] By clearly defining the mixing method and key parameters, the combination of ultrasonic dispersion and mechanical stirring can effectively prevent additive agglomeration, achieve uniform dispersion, improve the uniformity of material properties, shorten mixing time, improve preparation efficiency, and reduce production costs.

[0032] In step four, the cooling rate is 1-10℃ / minute. After solidification, a heat treatment or deformation treatment step is also included. The heat treatment temperature is 100-500℃ and the holding time is 1-20 hours. The deformation treatment is one of extrusion, forging or rolling.

[0033] By controlling the cooling rate and subsequent processing steps, the cooling rate optimizes the grain size, and heat treatment or deformation treatment further improves mechanical properties such as tensile strength and ductility without significantly affecting the dissolution rate. This allows the material to meet more stringent mechanical service requirements while maintaining controlled dissolution characteristics.

[0034] Example 2 This invention provides a novel soluble magnesium alloy material, comprising magnesium, alloying elements, and functional additives; the magnesium weight fraction is not less than 60%, and the weight percentages of the alloying elements are: aluminum 0.053-6.163%, zinc 0.0129-6.495%, manganese 0.1749-4.4263%, iron 0.0010-0.0123%, and copper 0.0010-0.2972%. The composition of nickel (by weight) is 0.2303-3.3250%, silicon (by weight) is 0.0037-0.0234%, lead (by weight) is 0.0002-0.0020%, tin (by weight) is 0.0001-0.0061%, calcium (by weight) is 0.0004-0.0028%, gadolinium (by weight) is 0.0003-2.692%, and lanthanum (by weight) is 0.1697-0.2643%; no functional additives.

[0035] With magnesium as the core matrix, alloying elements work synergistically. Aluminum significantly enhances alloy strength through solid solution strengthening and the formation of precipitates such as AlLi and Mg2Si. Zinc and lithium work synergistically to reduce corrosion rate. Zinc combines with magnesium to form nano-precipitates parallel to the magnesium basal plane, and tin combines with magnesium to form nano-precipitates parallel to the magnesium columnar plane. These synergistically hinder dislocation slip and improve compressive strength. At the same time, tin and zinc form intermetallic compounds such as CuMg(Zn,Sn), FeMg(Zn,Sn), and Mg(Zn,Sn)Ni with copper, iron, and nickel at grain boundaries, accelerating synchronous corrosion at grain boundaries and within the matrix, thereby increasing the degradation rate of magnesium alloys. Manganese can bind to impurities such as iron to reduce harmful intermetallic formation. Compounds are formed to improve resistance to seawater corrosion. Iron, nickel, and copper are easily corroded metals that can form multiple different types of galvanic cells with the magnesium matrix. The nanophase inside the magnesium alloy also forms multiple micro galvanic cells with the magnesium matrix. These galvanic cells can accelerate the corrosion and dissolution rate of the magnesium alloy in water. Tin refines the grains, gadolinium enhances high-temperature stability, and zirconium optimizes grain size and heat resistance. Combined with functional additives, the strength, wear resistance, and compressive strength are specifically improved, making it fully adaptable to the use scenarios of tool components in oil drilling. It achieves a precise balance between controlled material dissolution rate and reliable mechanical performance.

[0036] The alloying elements include at least two of aluminum, zinc, and manganese.

[0037] Aluminum is strengthened through solid solution, zinc optimizes the corrosion rate, and manganese improves resistance to seawater corrosion. The synergistic effect of these three elements further enhances the overall performance of the alloy, ensuring that the material maintains both mechanical reliability and solution stability during service.

[0038] The functional additives are combinations of graphene and ceramics, or combinations of graphene, ceramics, and silver.

[0039] Graphene enhances thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, while ceramics improve wear resistance and pressure resistance. The combination of these two or three can be flexibly adjusted according to actual application needs, and the specific properties of the materials can be optimized in a targeted manner. Silver has high solid solubility in both magnesium and lithium, and as the temperature decreases, γ-AgMg phase or AgLi phase precipitates. When the silver content is less than 10%, the alloy strength increases linearly with the increase of silver content, but the increase is small. After exceeding 10%, the strength increases significantly, but the strengthening effect per unit mass is lower than that of elements such as aluminum and zinc.

[0040] The alloying elements include zirconium and lanthanum.

[0041] Zirconium refines alloy grains to improve strength and heat resistance, while lanthanum improves electrochemical performance and corrosion resistance. The two work synergistically to optimize the alloy's microstructure and surface properties, ensuring the material's dissolution consistency and mechanical stability under complex working conditions.

[0042] Among them, copper and magnesium form an electrochemically active in-situ precipitated intermediate metal phase CuMgx, and nickel and magnesium form an electrochemically active in-situ precipitated intermediate metal phase MgxNi.

[0043] Copper and nickel form an in-situ precipitated intermediate metallic phase, and the electrochemically active phase promotes the controlled dissolution of the alloy while enhancing its strength and toughness. This solves the problems of unstable dissolution rate and insufficient mechanical properties of traditional soluble magnesium alloys, balancing dissolution efficiency and service reliability.

[0044] The preparation method of soluble magnesium alloy materials includes the following steps: Step 1: Provide magnesium or magnesium alloy raw materials and alloying element powders, with the total weight of the alloying element powders accounting for 0.05-40% of the final magnesium alloy material; Step 2: Heat the magnesium or magnesium alloy raw material to a temperature above its solidus temperature and hold it at that temperature until it is completely melted; Step 3: Add alloying element powder to molten magnesium or magnesium alloy and stir evenly; Step 4: Cool the mixture below the solidus temperature to solidify and form a new type of soluble magnesium alloy material.

[0045] The powder form facilitates uniform dispersion and avoids local component enrichment. The mixing and cooling steps can promote the solid solution strengthening effect of alloying elements such as aluminum and zinc, and help copper and nickel form in-situ precipitated intermediate metal phases. At the same time, it ensures the uniform distribution of functional additives such as graphene and ceramics to exert wear-resistant and pressure-resistant effects. It can be mass-produced and can ensure the performance consistency of different batches of products. There is no need to adjust the core process due to slight differences in composition, which reduces the difficulty and cost of production.

[0046] In step two, the heating temperature is in the range of magnesium or magnesium alloy solidus temperature +50°C to 100°C below the melting point of the functional additive powder.

[0047] By limiting the heating temperature range, we can ensure that magnesium or magnesium alloys are completely melted while avoiding excessive melting of additives that could damage their functional properties. This ensures that additives and the matrix are effectively combined, improves the stability of material properties, and reduces process risks during the preparation process.

[0048] In step three, the mixing method is at least one of ultrasonic dispersion and mechanical stirring, with ultrasonic dispersion power of 100-500W, stirring speed of 500-2000r / min, and mixing time of 10-60 minutes.

[0049] By clearly defining the mixing method and key parameters, the combination of ultrasonic dispersion and mechanical stirring can effectively prevent additive agglomeration, achieve uniform dispersion, improve the uniformity of material properties, shorten mixing time, improve preparation efficiency, and reduce production costs.

[0050] In step four, the cooling rate is 1-10℃ / minute. After solidification, a heat treatment or deformation treatment step is also included. The heat treatment temperature is 100-500℃ and the holding time is 1-20 hours. The deformation treatment is one of extrusion, forging or rolling.

[0051] By controlling the cooling rate and subsequent processing steps, the cooling rate optimizes the grain size, and heat treatment or deformation treatment further improves mechanical properties such as tensile strength and ductility without significantly affecting the dissolution rate. This allows the material to meet more stringent mechanical service requirements while maintaining controlled dissolution characteristics.

[0052] Example 3 This invention provides a novel soluble magnesium alloy material, comprising magnesium, alloying elements, and functional additives; the magnesium content is not less than 60% by weight, and the alloying elements comprise, by weight percentages: aluminum 0.051-6.162%, zinc 0.0126-6.496%, manganese 0.1749-4.4263%, iron 0.0010-0.0123%, copper 0.0010-0.2972%, nickel 0.2303-3.3250%, and silicon... The weight percentages of the components are 0.0037-0.0234%, lead 0.0002-0.0020%, tin 0.0001-0.0061%, calcium 0.0004-0.0028%, gadolinium 0.0003-2.692%, zirconium 0.0001-0.0097%, and lanthanum 0.1697-0.2643%; the functional additives are graphene and ceramics, with the total weight percentage of graphene and ceramics being 0.2-0.5%.

[0053] With magnesium as the core matrix, alloying elements work synergistically. Aluminum significantly enhances alloy strength through solid solution strengthening and the formation of precipitates such as AlLi and Mg2Si. Zinc and lithium work synergistically to reduce corrosion rate. Zinc combines with magnesium to form nano-precipitates parallel to the magnesium basal plane, and tin combines with magnesium to form nano-precipitates parallel to the magnesium columnar plane. These synergistically hinder dislocation slip and improve compressive strength. At the same time, tin and zinc form intermetallic compounds such as CuMg(Zn,Sn), FeMg(Zn,Sn), and Mg(Zn,Sn)Ni with copper, iron, and nickel at grain boundaries, accelerating synchronous corrosion at grain boundaries and within the matrix, thereby increasing the degradation rate of magnesium alloys. Manganese can bind to impurities such as iron to reduce harmful intermetallic formation. Compounds are formed to improve resistance to seawater corrosion. Iron, nickel, and copper are easily corroded metals that can form multiple different types of galvanic cells with the magnesium matrix. The nanophase inside the magnesium alloy also forms multiple micro galvanic cells with the magnesium matrix. These galvanic cells can accelerate the corrosion and dissolution rate of the magnesium alloy in water. Tin refines the grains, gadolinium enhances high-temperature stability, and zirconium optimizes grain size and heat resistance. Combined with functional additives, the strength, wear resistance, and compressive strength are specifically improved, making it fully adaptable to the use scenarios of tool components in oil drilling. It achieves a precise balance between controlled material dissolution rate and reliable mechanical performance.

[0054] The alloying elements include at least two of aluminum, zinc, and manganese.

[0055] Aluminum is strengthened through solid solution, zinc optimizes the corrosion rate, and manganese improves resistance to seawater corrosion. The synergistic effect of these three elements further enhances the overall performance of the alloy, ensuring that the material maintains both mechanical reliability and solution stability during service.

[0056] The functional additives are combinations of graphene and ceramics, or combinations of graphene, ceramics, and silver.

[0057] Graphene enhances thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, while ceramics improve wear resistance and pressure resistance. The combination of these two or three can be flexibly adjusted according to actual application needs, and the specific properties of the materials can be optimized in a targeted manner. Silver has high solid solubility in both magnesium and lithium, and as the temperature decreases, γ-AgMg phase or AgLi phase precipitates. When the silver content is less than 10%, the alloy strength increases linearly with the increase of silver content, but the increase is small. After exceeding 10%, the strength increases significantly, but the strengthening effect per unit mass is lower than that of elements such as aluminum and zinc.

[0058] The alloying elements include zirconium and lanthanum.

[0059] Zirconium refines alloy grains to improve strength and heat resistance, while lanthanum improves electrochemical performance and corrosion resistance. The two work synergistically to optimize the alloy's microstructure and surface properties, ensuring the material's dissolution consistency and mechanical stability under complex working conditions.

[0060] Among them, copper and magnesium form an electrochemically active in-situ precipitated intermediate metal phase CuMgx, and nickel and magnesium form an electrochemically active in-situ precipitated intermediate metal phase MgxNi.

[0061] Copper and nickel form an in-situ precipitated intermediate metallic phase, and the electrochemically active phase promotes the controlled dissolution of the alloy while enhancing its strength and toughness. This solves the problems of unstable dissolution rate and insufficient mechanical properties of traditional soluble magnesium alloys, balancing dissolution efficiency and service reliability.

[0062] The preparation method of soluble magnesium alloy materials includes the following steps: Step 1: Provide magnesium or magnesium alloy raw materials and alloying element powders, with the total weight of the alloying element powders accounting for 0.05-40% of the final magnesium alloy material; Step 2: Heat the magnesium or magnesium alloy raw material to a temperature above its solidus temperature and hold it at that temperature until it is completely melted; Step 3: Add alloying element powder to molten magnesium or magnesium alloy and stir evenly; Step 4: Cool the mixture below the solidus temperature to solidify and form a new type of soluble magnesium alloy material.

[0063] The powder form facilitates uniform dispersion and avoids local component enrichment. The mixing and cooling steps can promote the solid solution strengthening effect of alloying elements such as aluminum and zinc, and help copper and nickel form in-situ precipitated intermediate metal phases. At the same time, it ensures the uniform distribution of functional additives such as graphene and ceramics to exert wear-resistant and pressure-resistant effects. It can be mass-produced and can ensure the performance consistency of different batches of products. There is no need to adjust the core process due to slight differences in composition, which reduces the difficulty and cost of production.

[0064] In step two, the heating temperature is in the range of magnesium or magnesium alloy solidus temperature +50°C to 100°C below the melting point of the functional additive powder.

[0065] By limiting the heating temperature range, we can ensure that magnesium or magnesium alloys are completely melted while avoiding excessive melting of additives that could damage their functional properties. This ensures that additives and the matrix are effectively combined, improves the stability of material properties, and reduces process risks during the preparation process.

[0066] In step three, the mixing method is at least one of ultrasonic dispersion and mechanical stirring, with ultrasonic dispersion power of 100-500W, stirring speed of 500-2000r / min, and mixing time of 10-60 minutes.

[0067] By clearly defining the mixing method and key parameters, the combination of ultrasonic dispersion and mechanical stirring can effectively prevent additive agglomeration, achieve uniform dispersion, improve the uniformity of material properties, shorten mixing time, improve preparation efficiency, and reduce production costs.

[0068] In step four, the cooling rate is 1-10℃ / minute. After solidification, a heat treatment or deformation treatment step is also included. The heat treatment temperature is 100-500℃ and the holding time is 1-20 hours. The deformation treatment is one of extrusion, forging or rolling.

[0069] By controlling the cooling rate and subsequent processing steps, the cooling rate optimizes the grain size, and heat treatment or deformation treatment further improves mechanical properties such as tensile strength and ductility without significantly affecting the dissolution rate. This allows the material to meet more stringent mechanical service requirements while maintaining controlled dissolution characteristics.

[0070] Example 4 This invention provides a novel soluble magnesium alloy material, comprising magnesium, alloying elements, and functional additives; the magnesium weight fraction is not less than 60%, and the weight percentages of the alloying elements are: aluminum 0.052-6.162%, zinc 0.0125-6.494%, manganese 0.1749-4.4263%, iron 0.0010-0.0123%, copper 0.0010-0.2972%, nickel 0.2303-3.3250%, and silicon 0.0%. The composition of the minerals is as follows: 0.037-0.0234% by weight; lead is 0.0002-0.0020% by weight; tin is 0.0001-0.0061% by weight; calcium is 0.0004-0.0028% by weight; gadolinium is 0.0003-2.692% by weight; zirconium is 0.0001-0.0097% by weight; and lanthanum is 0.1697-0.2643% by weight. The functional additives are graphene, ceramics, and silver, with the total weight percentage of graphene and ceramics being 0.2-0.5% and the weight percentage of silver being 0.001-0.5%.

[0071] With magnesium as the core matrix, alloying elements work synergistically. Aluminum significantly enhances alloy strength through solid solution strengthening and the formation of precipitates such as AlLi and Mg2Si. Zinc and lithium work synergistically to reduce corrosion rate. Zinc combines with magnesium to form nano-precipitates parallel to the magnesium basal plane, and tin combines with magnesium to form nano-precipitates parallel to the magnesium columnar plane. These synergistically hinder dislocation slip and improve compressive strength. At the same time, tin and zinc form intermetallic compounds such as CuMg(Zn,Sn), FeMg(Zn,Sn), and Mg(Zn,Sn)Ni with copper, iron, and nickel at grain boundaries, accelerating synchronous corrosion at grain boundaries and within the matrix, thereby increasing the degradation rate of magnesium alloys. Manganese can bind to impurities such as iron to reduce harmful intermetallic formation. Compounds are formed to improve resistance to seawater corrosion. Iron, nickel, and copper are easily corroded metals that can form multiple different types of galvanic cells with the magnesium matrix. The nanophase inside the magnesium alloy also forms multiple micro galvanic cells with the magnesium matrix. These galvanic cells can accelerate the corrosion and dissolution rate of the magnesium alloy in water. Tin refines the grains, gadolinium enhances high-temperature stability, and zirconium optimizes grain size and heat resistance. Combined with functional additives, the strength, wear resistance, and compressive strength are specifically improved, making it fully adaptable to the use scenarios of tool components in oil drilling. It achieves a precise balance between controlled material dissolution rate and reliable mechanical performance.

[0072] The alloying elements include at least two of aluminum, zinc, and manganese.

[0073] Aluminum is strengthened through solid solution, zinc optimizes the corrosion rate, and manganese improves resistance to seawater corrosion. The synergistic effect of these three elements further enhances the overall performance of the alloy, ensuring that the material maintains both mechanical reliability and solution stability during service.

[0074] The functional additives are combinations of graphene and ceramics, or combinations of graphene, ceramics, and silver.

[0075] Graphene enhances thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, while ceramics improve wear resistance and pressure resistance. The combination of these two or three can be flexibly adjusted according to actual application needs, and the specific properties of the materials can be optimized in a targeted manner. Silver has high solid solubility in both magnesium and lithium, and as the temperature decreases, γ-AgMg phase or AgLi phase precipitates. When the silver content is less than 10%, the alloy strength increases linearly with the increase of silver content, but the increase is small. After exceeding 10%, the strength increases significantly, but the strengthening effect per unit mass is lower than that of elements such as aluminum and zinc.

[0076] The alloying elements include zirconium and lanthanum.

[0077] Zirconium refines alloy grains to improve strength and heat resistance, while lanthanum improves electrochemical performance and corrosion resistance. The two work synergistically to optimize the alloy's microstructure and surface properties, ensuring the material's dissolution consistency and mechanical stability under complex working conditions.

[0078] Among them, copper and magnesium form an electrochemically active in-situ precipitated intermediate metal phase CuMgx, and nickel and magnesium form an electrochemically active in-situ precipitated intermediate metal phase MgxNi.

[0079] Copper and nickel form an in-situ precipitated intermediate metallic phase, and the electrochemically active phase promotes the controlled dissolution of the alloy while enhancing its strength and toughness. This solves the problems of unstable dissolution rate and insufficient mechanical properties of traditional soluble magnesium alloys, balancing dissolution efficiency and service reliability.

[0080] The preparation method of soluble magnesium alloy materials includes the following steps: Step 1: Provide magnesium or magnesium alloy raw materials and alloying element powders, with the total weight of the alloying element powders accounting for 0.05-40% of the final magnesium alloy material; Step 2: Heat the magnesium or magnesium alloy raw material to a temperature above its solidus temperature and hold it at that temperature until it is completely melted; Step 3: Add alloying element powder to molten magnesium or magnesium alloy and stir evenly; Step 4: Cool the mixture below the solidus temperature to solidify and form a new type of soluble magnesium alloy material.

[0081] The powder form facilitates uniform dispersion and avoids local component enrichment. The mixing and cooling steps can promote the solid solution strengthening effect of alloying elements such as aluminum and zinc, and help copper and nickel form in-situ precipitated intermediate metal phases. At the same time, it ensures the uniform distribution of functional additives such as graphene and ceramics to exert wear-resistant and pressure-resistant effects. It can be mass-produced and can ensure the performance consistency of different batches of products. There is no need to adjust the core process due to slight differences in composition, which reduces the difficulty and cost of production.

[0082] In step two, the heating temperature is in the range of magnesium or magnesium alloy solidus temperature +50°C to 100°C below the melting point of the functional additive powder.

[0083] By limiting the heating temperature range, we can ensure that magnesium or magnesium alloys are completely melted while avoiding excessive melting of additives that could damage their functional properties. This ensures that additives and the matrix are effectively combined, improves the stability of material properties, and reduces process risks during the preparation process.

[0084] In step three, the mixing method is at least one of ultrasonic dispersion and mechanical stirring, with ultrasonic dispersion power of 100-500W, stirring speed of 500-2000r / min, and mixing time of 10-60 minutes.

[0085] By clearly defining the mixing method and key parameters, the combination of ultrasonic dispersion and mechanical stirring can effectively prevent additive agglomeration, achieve uniform dispersion, improve the uniformity of material properties, shorten mixing time, improve preparation efficiency, and reduce production costs.

[0086] In step four, the cooling rate is 1-10℃ / minute. After solidification, a heat treatment or deformation treatment step is also included. The heat treatment temperature is 100-500℃ and the holding time is 1-20 hours. The deformation treatment is one of extrusion, forging or rolling.

[0087] By controlling the cooling rate and subsequent processing steps, the cooling rate optimizes the grain size, and heat treatment or deformation treatment further improves mechanical properties such as tensile strength and ductility without significantly affecting the dissolution rate. This allows the material to meet more stringent mechanical service requirements while maintaining controlled dissolution characteristics.

[0088] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0089] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A novel soluble magnesium alloy material, characterized in that: The magnesium alloy material comprises magnesium, alloying elements, and functional additives; the magnesium content is not less than 60% by weight, and the alloying elements include at least one selected from aluminum, zinc, manganese, iron, copper, nickel, silicon, lead, tin, calcium, gadolinium, zirconium, and lanthanum, wherein the weight percentage of aluminum is 0.051-6.163%, the weight percentage of zinc is 0.0125-6.496%, the weight percentage of manganese is 0.1749-4.4263%, the weight percentage of iron is 0.0010-0.0123%, the weight percentage of copper is 0.0010-0.2972%, the weight percentage of nickel is 0.2303-3.3250%, and the weight percentage of silicon is [not specified]. The weight percentages of the following components are as follows: lead 0.0002-0.0020%, tin 0.0001-0.0061%, calcium 0.0004-0.0028%, gadolinium 0.0003-2.692%, zirconium 0.0001-0.0097%, and lanthanum 0.1697-0.2643%. The functional additives include at least one of graphene, ceramics, and silver, wherein the total weight percentage of graphene and ceramics is 0.2-0.5%, and the weight percentage of silver is 0.001-0.5%.

2. The novel soluble magnesium alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alloying elements include at least two of aluminum, zinc, and manganese.

3. The novel soluble magnesium alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional additive is a combination of graphene and ceramics, or a combination of graphene, ceramics, and silver.

4. The novel soluble magnesium alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alloying elements include zirconium and lanthanum.

5. The novel soluble magnesium alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The copper and magnesium form an electrochemically active in-situ precipitated intermediate metal phase CuMgx, and the nickel and magnesium form an electrochemically active in-situ precipitated intermediate metal phase MgxNi.

6. A method for preparing a novel soluble magnesium alloy material according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Provide magnesium or magnesium alloy raw materials, as well as alloying element powders and functional additive powders, wherein the total weight of alloying element powders and functional additive powders accounts for 0.05-40% of the final magnesium alloy material; Step 2: Heat the magnesium or magnesium alloy raw material to a temperature above its solidus temperature and hold it at that temperature until it is completely melted; Step 3: Add alloying element powder to molten magnesium or magnesium alloy, stir evenly, add functional additive powder, and continue mixing to form a uniform mixture. The melting point of the functional additive powder is higher than the solidus temperature of the magnesium or magnesium alloy. Step 4: Cool the mixture below the solidus temperature to solidify and form a novel soluble magnesium alloy material.

7. The method for preparing a novel soluble magnesium alloy material according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step two, the heating temperature is in the range of magnesium or magnesium alloy solidus temperature +50°C to 100°C below the melting point of the functional additive powder.

8. The method for preparing a novel soluble magnesium alloy material according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step three, the mixing method is at least one of ultrasonic dispersion and mechanical stirring. The ultrasonic dispersion power is 100-500W, the stirring speed is 500-2000r / min, and the mixing time is 10-60 minutes.

9. The method for preparing a novel soluble magnesium alloy material according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step four, the cooling rate is 1-10℃ / minute. After curing, there is also a heat treatment or deformation treatment step. The heat treatment temperature is 100-500℃ and the holding time is 1-20 hours. The deformation treatment is one of extrusion, forging or rolling.