Titanium alloy laser cladding wear-resistant layer and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a titanium alloy surface laser cladding wear-resistant layer and a preparation method thereof, the titanium alloy surface laser cladding wear-resistant layer is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 15-20% of SiC powder, 20-30% of TiC powder, 0.1-0.3% of Y2O3 powder and the balance of Ni alloy powder, and WTiC = 1.23 WSiC + 14 WY2O3. The preparation method comprises the following steps: taking SiC, TiC, Y2O3 and Ni alloy powder, and fully mixing on a planetary ball milling experiment machine; and then the prepared composite powder is evenly spread on the surface of the titanium alloy, laser is adopted for cladding in the normal-temperature and normal-pressure air environment, and the wear-resisting layer is obtained after cooling. According to the method, in the process of preparing the cladding layer, a vacuum environment is not needed, the prepared wear-resistant layer is high in hardness, free of cracks, good in formability and low in wear rate, and the wear resistance of the titanium alloy is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a laser cladding wear-resistant layer on a titanium alloy surface and its preparation method, belonging to the field of metal surface and material preparation technology. Background Technology

[0002] Titanium alloys, due to their low density, high specific strength, strong corrosion resistance, and excellent mechanical properties, are widely used in petrochemical, aerospace, and marine industries, and are hailed as the "metal of the future." With industrial development, the application areas of titanium alloys are constantly expanding, and the service environments are becoming increasingly harsh. However, titanium alloys are prone to wear failure during long-term service, severely affecting their service life and limiting their application areas. Therefore, many researchers have adopted surface modification techniques to prepare wear-resistant layers on the surface of titanium alloys to improve their wear resistance. Currently, wear-resistant coatings and their preparation techniques remain one of the research hotspots and challenges in the field of titanium alloy surface strengthening. Commonly used titanium alloy surface modification techniques include hot and cold spraying, micro-arc oxidation, vapor deposition, electroplating, and arc welding. Laser cladding technology has broad application prospects due to its concentrated energy, small heat-affected zone, fast cooling rate, large cladding thickness range, and flexible powder composition system.

[0003] Currently, methods to improve the wear resistance of titanium alloys mainly involve preparing thin coatings on the surface using micro-arc oxidation, physical vapor deposition, plasma spraying, and high-speed air fuel injection. However, these methods do not significantly improve wear resistance, and the bonding strength between the substrate and the coating is low, making the coating prone to detachment from the substrate surface. Although some studies have reported that laser cladding can improve the surface wear resistance of titanium alloys, it requires a vacuum environment and results in numerous surface cracks, severely limiting the further application of wear-resistant layers. Laser cladding technology has certain advantages in terms of manufacturing precision and quality. Due to the sensitivity of titanium alloys to elements such as oxygen and hydrogen, current titanium alloy laser cladding is usually carried out in a vacuum or under extremely low oxygen concentration conditions, undoubtedly increasing manufacturing costs. When designing cladding powders, both improved wear resistance and performance matching between the substrate and the cladding material must be considered. Therefore, designing a coating material and preparation process that can reduce the possibility of coating defects, reduce process steps, and thus lower production costs has significant practical value. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: The first purpose of this invention is to provide a laser cladding wear-resistant layer on the surface of a titanium alloy. The second purpose of this invention is to provide a method for preparing the wear-resistant layer on the surface of a titanium alloy by means of laser cladding manufacturing technology, thereby improving the wear resistance of the substrate.

[0005] Technical Solution: The wear-resistant layer laser cladding on the surface of a titanium alloy according to the present invention comprises, by weight percentage, the following components: 15%–20% silicon carbide (SiC) powder, 20%–30% titanium carbide (TiC) powder, 0.1%–0.3% yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃) powder, and the balance being Ni alloy powder, wherein, by weight percentage, W TiC =1.23W SiC +14W Y2O3 W TiC W represents the mass percentage of titanium carbide. SiC W represents the mass percentage of silicon carbide. Y2O3 This indicates the mass percentage of yttrium trioxide.

[0006] Furthermore, the microstructure of the laser-clad wear-resistant layer on the titanium alloy surface is a complex structure of TiC, Ti5Si3 and Al-Ti2Ni, with TiC exhibiting a cellular dendritic morphology and Ti5Si3 exhibiting a lath-like structure.

[0007] Furthermore, the Ni alloy powder comprises, by mass percentage: C 1%–1.1%, Fe 3.9%–4.1%, Si 4.4%–4.5%, Cr 11%–13%, B 5%–6%, Ta 0.1%–0.5%, with the balance being Ni.

[0008] Furthermore, the titanium alloy comprises, by mass percentage: Al 5.8%–6.2%, V 3.9%–4.2%, Fe 0.1%–0.2%, Zr 0.1%–0.9%, with the balance being Ti.

[0009] Furthermore, the particle size of both SiC powder and TiC powder is 50–60 μm.

[0010] Furthermore, the particle size of the Ni alloy powder is 60–70 μm.

[0011] Furthermore, the particle size of the Y2O3 powder is 20–30 μm.

[0012] Furthermore, the purity of SiC, TiC, and Y2O3 is all above 99.99%.

[0013] The method for preparing a laser cladding wear-resistant layer on a titanium alloy surface according to the present invention includes the following steps:

[0014] (1) Take SiC powder, TiC powder, Y2O3 powder and Ni alloy powder and ball mill them together to obtain composite powder;

[0015] (2) Spread the composite powder evenly on the surface of the titanium alloy plate;

[0016] (3) Use a laser to melt the composite powder on the surface of the titanium alloy plate to obtain a laser cladding wear-resistant layer.

[0017] Furthermore, in step (1), the ball milling and mixing are carried out in air at normal temperature and pressure, without the need for a vacuum environment or inert gas protection.

[0018] Furthermore, in step (2), the thickness of the composite powder laid on the surface of the titanium alloy plate is 1 to 1.5 mm.

[0019] Furthermore, in step (3), the laser spot is square with a size of 5×5mm, the laser scanning speed is approximately 3–3.5mm / s, the laser power is 2500–2600W, the overlap rate is 40–50%, and the energy density is 25–34W / mm². 3 .

[0020] Furthermore, in step (3), laser cladding is performed in an air environment at normal temperature and pressure, without the need for a high vacuum environment or inert gas protection, and can be formed in one pass.

[0021] This invention comprehensively considers the physicochemical and metallurgical processes of various elements in the composite powder and titanium alloy, aiming to form a hard phase and a lubricating phase in the wear-resistant layer. In the composite powder of this invention, nickel is the main alloying element. Nickel has a face-centered cubic crystal structure, and the titanium alloy also exhibits a face-centered cubic structure at high temperatures. The atomic radii of titanium and nickel are relatively similar, allowing them to form a solid solution, thereby promoting the bonding strength between the cladding wear-resistant layer and the titanium matrix. Simultaneously, nickel can also combine with titanium and aluminum elements in the titanium alloy to form an Al-Ti2Ni wear-resistant and lubricating phase, reducing surface friction and thus improving wear resistance. If the nickel content is too low, its solid solution content in titanium is insufficient, failing to guarantee good bonding between the cladding layer and the matrix, and resulting in a smaller lubricating phase. If the nickel content is high, it will exist in solid solution form, reducing surface wear resistance.

[0022] Silicon carbide is an important hard reinforcing phase. Silicon atoms and carbon atoms are bonded by carbon-silicon bonds with a bond energy of approximately 4.6 eV. Under the action of high energy density lasers, it can decompose into Si and C based on chemical formula (1). The decomposed Si atoms can combine with Ti atoms in the matrix through chemical formula (2) to form the Ti5Si3 phase, which has high hardness. The decomposed C atoms can combine with Ti in the titanium alloy through chemical reaction (3) to form TiC, which also has high hardness. It can be seen that the Ti5Si3 and TiC phases formed by the decomposition of SiC and the physicochemical metallurgical reaction with Ti can improve the wear resistance of the cladding layer. If the SiC content is low (below 15%), a large amount of hard phases Ti5Si3 and TiC cannot be formed; if the SiC content is high (above 20%), the decomposition to form excessive Si and C can lead to a large number of cracks in the cladding layer, and the wear resistance will also be reduced significantly. Experiments have confirmed that the SiC content needs to be synergistically controlled with TiC and Y2O3 to achieve excellent wear resistance. Based on big data analysis, this application determines that the SiC content range is 15% to 20%.

[0023] SiC→Si+C (1)

[0024] Ti + Si → Ti₅Si₃ (2)

[0025] Ti + C → TiC (3)

[0026] TiC is a common wear-resistant material with advantages such as high melting point, high hardness, and low price. The abundantly distributed TiC hard reinforcing phase acts as a skeleton, effectively resisting the impact of external loads during friction and wear, thus reducing wear. If the TiC content is too low (below 20%), the anti-friction and wear effect is weak; if the TiC content is too high (above 30%), it is prone to solidification internal stress, leading to numerous cracks on the wear-resistant layer surface. The TiC content needs to be considered in conjunction with the SiC and Y2O3 contents; only when the contents of these three components satisfy a certain relationship can a good wear-resistant effect be achieved. Therefore, the selected TiC content range is 20%–30%.

[0027] Rare earth elements are known as the "vitamins" of metals because of their high chemical reactivity, readily reacting with other elements to form stable compounds. In the laser cladding process for Ni-based wear-resistant layers, an appropriate amount of Y₂O₃ rare earth oxide, as an additive, effectively reduces the porosity and crack initiation rate of the laser-clad wear-resistant layer, improving surface forming quality. The addition of an appropriate amount of Y₂O₃ rare earth oxide also affects grain size, promoting the refinement of TiC dendrites. Furthermore, due to the small size of Y₂O₃, it exhibits a dispersion strengthening effect. Under the combined effect of grain refinement and dispersion strengthening, the hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of the Ni-based composite coating are significantly improved.

[0028] The above analysis shows that the contents of TiC, SiC and Y2O3 in this invention need to satisfy a certain relationship. Based on previous theoretical research and experimental data, the relationship between the three is given by formula (4):

[0029] W TiC =1.23 W SiC +14W Y2O3 (4)

[0030] The above analysis shows that Si and C atoms formed by SiC under laser irradiation can react with Ti in the matrix to form hard phases of Ti5Si3 and TiC. If the composite powder thickness on the titanium alloy surface is too large (greater than 1.5 mm), the Si and C atoms formed by decomposition cannot fully contact the Ti atoms in the matrix and undergo a metallurgical reaction, thus failing to form a hard phase. If the powder thickness is too thin (less than 1 mm), the content of the hard phase formed is relatively small, limiting the improvement in wear resistance. Furthermore, the dissolution and re-precipitation of the primary TiC reinforcing phase in the composite powder also require external energy. Considering the SiC decomposition energy, TiC heat capacity, laser reflectivity, and absorptivity, the thickness of the composite powder is determined to be approximately 1 mm to 1.5 mm, with an energy density of approximately 25 W / mm². 3 ~34W / mm 3 .

[0031] Alloying elements play an important role in titanium alloys. In this invention, the titanium alloy meets the requirements of real working conditions. Zr in the alloy can both enhance the strength of the titanium alloy and improve the surface wear resistance, making it an indispensable element.

[0032] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages:

[0033] (1) The novel composite powder designed in this invention can be induced by high-energy laser to decompose SiC in the composite powder into Si and C. The two decomposed atoms can further combine with Ti atoms in the matrix to form a reinforcing phase; TiC in the mixed powder can also serve as a hard phase to improve the basic wear resistance. Due to the oxygen-isolated structural design and redox reaction, the above-mentioned laser cladding wear-resistant layer does not need to be carried out in a vacuum environment, but can be carried out in air at normal temperature and pressure, which greatly facilitates the preparation operation and simplifies the preparation process, and also significantly reduces the manufacturing cost.

[0034] (2) The invention utilizes the composite powder obtained by the above design to obtain a wear-resistant layer on the surface of a titanium alloy by laser cladding. The main component of the composite powder is a Ni alloy base, which can be dissolved into the titanium alloy matrix and react with Ti and Al in the titanium alloy to form Al-Ti2Ni, thereby achieving good formability of the cladding layer. The prepared cladding layer is free of cracks. Moreover, the preparation process does not require basic heating or preheating, which simplifies the manufacturing process and reduces energy consumption. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a macroscopic surface morphology image of the cladding layer prepared in Example 1;

[0036] Figure 2 The image shows the microstructure of the cladding layer prepared in Example 1.

[0037] Figure 3 The images show the surface morphology of the cladding layer and the surface morphology of the titanium alloy in Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0040] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand and implement the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] W by mass percentage TiC =1.23W SiC +14W Y2O3 The composite powder used had the following mass percentage composition: SiC 15.5%, TiC 21.9%, Y2O3 0.2%, with the balance being Ni alloy. The Ni alloy composition in the composite powder consisted of C 1%, Fe 4.1%, Si 4.4%, Cr 13%, B 6%, Ta 0.2%, with the balance being Ni. The titanium alloy sheet used had the following mass percentage composition: Al 6.2%, V 4.0%, Fe 0.13%, Zr 0.3%, with the balance being Ti. The particle size of both SiC and TiC powders was 50 μm, the particle size of the Ni alloy powder was 60 μm, and the particle size of the Y2O3 powder was 25 μm.

[0043] (1) Weigh SiC, TiC, Y2O3 and Ni alloy powders according to the mass percentage of each component of the composite powder, and then mix them in a planetary ball mill for 120 min to prepare the composite powder. Use a powder spreader with a thickness of 1 mm to evenly spread the prepared composite powder on the surface of the titanium alloy. The thickness of the composite powder spread on the surface of the titanium alloy plate is 1 mm.

[0044] (2) The composite powder was melted using a YLS-6000 fiber laser. The experimental environment was a normal temperature and pressure air environment. The process parameters were as follows: a square spot light source with a size of 5mm×5mm, a laser scanning speed of approximately 3mm / s, a laser power of 2500W, an overlap rate of 45%, and an energy density of 33W / mm². 3 The wear-resistant layer is obtained by cooling the cladding layer in air.

[0045] The macroscopic morphology of the laser cladding wear-resistant layer prepared in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, from Figure 1 As can be seen, the prepared wear-resistant layer has good surface formability, with no obvious cracks observed on the surface, and the porosity of the wear-resistant layer is 1%. The microstructure morphology is as follows: Figure 2 As shown ( Figure 2 In the diagram, A represents TiC, B represents Al-Ti2Ni, and C represents Ti5Si3. The energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis results of the microstructures are shown in Table 1.

[0046] Table 1. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) results of typical tissues (atomic percentage)

[0047]

[0048] Through the Figure 2 Morphological observation and energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis in Table 1 show that the microstructure of the wear-resistant layer laser cladding on the surface of titanium alloy consists of TiC, Ti5Si3 and Al-Ti2Ni multiphase structures. TiC exhibits a cellular dendritic morphology, while Ti5Si3 exhibits a lamellar structure. Only this type of structure can meet the requirements for good wear resistance.

[0049] The tribological properties of the laser-clad wear-resistant layer prepared in this embodiment were tested. The prepared wear-resistant layer was cut into samples with dimensions of 15mm × 15mm × 4mm, and then tested on a reciprocating tribological testing machine. The wear track length was 8mm (L), and the applied load was 50N (F). n The cross-sectional area (S) of the wear track was measured using a laser confocal microscope. The wear rate was obtained by substituting the above data into formula (5), and the wear rate of the prepared wear-resistant material was 2.2 × 10⁻⁶. -7 mm 3 ·N -1 ·mm -1 Under the same testing conditions, the wear rate of pure titanium alloy sheet was 5.5 × 10⁻⁶. -7 mm 3 ·N -1 ·mm -1 Therefore, it is evident that preparing a surface wear-resistant layer can significantly improve the wear resistance of titanium alloys. Figure 3The wear track morphology of the laser cladding wear-resistant layer and titanium alloy is shown. The wear-resistant layer exhibits abrasive wear characteristics, while the titanium alloy shows typical shear wear. The wear-resistant layer alters the wear mechanism of the titanium alloy.

[0050]

[0051] Among them, W S Where F is the wear rate, L is the length of the wear track, and F is the wear rate. n Apply load, S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the wear track.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] W by mass percentage TiC =1.23W SiC +14W Y2O3 The composite powder used has the following mass percentage composition: SiC 16.3%, TiC 22.1%, Y2O3 0.15%, with the balance being Ni alloy. The particle size of both SiC and TiC powders is 55 μm, the particle size of Ni alloy powder is 65 μm, and the particle size of Y2O3 powder is 20 μm. The Ni alloy composition in the composite powder has the following mass percentage composition: C 1%, Fe 4.1%, Si 4.4%, Cr 13%, B 6%, Ta 0.2%, with the balance being Ni. The titanium alloy plate used has the following mass percentage composition: Al 6.2%, V 4.0%, Fe 0.13%, Zr 0.3%, with the balance being Ti.

[0054] The experimental procedure is the same as in Example 1, and the specific preparation process is as follows:

[0055] (1) Weigh SiC, TiC, Y2O3 and Ni alloy powders according to the mass percentage of each component of the composite powder, and then mix them in a planetary ball mill for 130 min to prepare the composite powder. Use a powder spreader with a thickness of 1 mm to evenly spread the prepared powder on the surface of the titanium alloy. The thickness of the composite powder spread on the surface of the titanium alloy plate is 1 mm.

[0056] (2) The composite powder was melted using a YLS-6000 fiber laser. The experimental environment was an air environment with normal temperature and pressure. The process parameters were as follows: a square spot light source with a size of 5mm×5mm, a laser scanning speed of approximately 3.2mm / s, a laser power of 2500W, an overlap rate of 50%, and an energy density of 31W / mm². 3 A wear-resistant layer is obtained by cooling the cladding layer in air.

[0057] The relevant performance tests were the same as in Example 1. In this example, the porosity of the wear-resistant layer was 1.5%, and the wear rate of the wear-resistant layer was calculated to be 2.1 × 10⁻⁶ based on the data from the weight loss method and the profile method, and by substituting them into the wear rate calculation formula. -7mm 3 ·N -1 ·mm -1 .

[0058] Example 3

[0059] W by mass percentage TiC =1.23W SiC +14W Y2O3 The composite powder used has the following mass percentage composition: SiC 18.1%, TiC 26.5%, Y2O3 0.3%, with the balance being Ni alloy. The particle size of both SiC and TiC powders is 55 μm, the particle size of Ni alloy powder is 60 μm, and the particle size of Y2O3 powder is 20 μm. The Ni alloy composition in the composite powder has the following mass percentage composition: C 1.1%, Fe 4.0%, Si 4.4%, Cr 12%, B 5%, Ta 0.3%, with the balance being Ni. The titanium alloy sheet used has the following mass percentage composition: Al 6.2%, V 4.0%, Fe 0.13%, Zr 0.4%, with the balance being Ti.

[0060] The experimental procedure is the same as in Example 1, and the specific preparation process is as follows:

[0061] (1) Weigh SiC, TiC, Y2O3 and Ni alloy powders according to the mass percentage of each component of the composite powder, and then mix them on a planetary ball mill for 130 min to prepare the composite powder. Use a powder spreader with a thickness of 1.3 mm to evenly spread the prepared powder on the surface of the titanium alloy. The thickness of the composite powder spread on the surface of the titanium alloy plate is 1.3 mm.

[0062] (2) The composite powder was melted using a YLS-6000 fiber laser. The experimental environment was a normal temperature and pressure air environment. The process parameters were as follows: a square spot light source with a size of 5mm × 5mm, a laser scanning speed of approximately 3.1mm / s, a laser power of 2600W, an overlap rate of 50%, and an energy density of 25.1W / mm². 3 A wear-resistant layer is obtained by cooling the cladding layer in air.

[0063] The relevant performance tests were the same as in Example 1. In this example, the porosity of the prepared wear-resistant layer was 1.3%, and the wear rate of the prepared wear-resistant layer was calculated to be 2.3 × 10⁻⁶ based on the data from the weight loss method and the profile method, and by substituting them into the wear rate calculation formula. -7 mm 3 ·N -1 ·mm -1 .

[0064] Example 4

[0065] W by mass percentage TiC =1.23WSiC +14W Y2O3 The composite powder used has the following mass percentage composition: SiC 19.2%, TiC 27.1%, Y2O3 0.25%, with the balance being Ni alloy. The particle size of both SiC and TiC powders is 50 μm, the particle size of Ni alloy powder is 60 μm, and the particle size of Y2O3 powder is 25 μm. The Ni alloy composition in the composite powder has the following mass percentage composition: C 1%, Fe 4.1%, Si 4.4%, Cr 13%, B 6%, Ta 0.4%, with the balance being Ni. The titanium alloy sheet used has the following mass percentage composition: Al 6.1%, V 4.1%, Fe 0.18%, Zr 0.8%, with the balance being Ti.

[0066] The experimental procedure is the same as in Example 1, and the specific preparation process is as follows:

[0067] (1) Weigh SiC, TiC, Y2O3 and Ni alloy powders according to the mass percentage of each component of the composite powder, and then mix them in a planetary ball mill for 120 min to prepare the composite powder. Use a powder spreader with a thickness of 1.3 mm to evenly spread the prepared powder on the surface of the titanium alloy. The thickness of the composite powder spread on the surface of the titanium alloy plate is 1.3 mm.

[0068] (2) The composite powder was melted using a YLS-6000 fiber laser. The experimental environment was a normal temperature and pressure air environment. The process parameters were as follows: a square spot light source with a size of 5mm × 5mm, a laser scanning speed of approximately 3.0mm / s, a laser power of 2600W, an overlap rate of 50%, and an energy density of 26.7W / mm². 3 A wear-resistant layer is obtained by cooling the cladding layer in air.

[0069] The relevant performance tests were the same as in Example 1. In this example, the porosity of the wear-resistant layer was 1.6%, and the wear rate of the wear-resistant layer was calculated to be 2.0 × 10⁻⁶ based on the data from the weight loss method and the profile method, and by substituting the data into the wear rate calculation formula. -7 mm 3 ·N -1 ·mm -1 .

[0070] Comparative Example 1

[0071] W by mass percentage TiC =1.23W SiC +14W Y2O3The composite powder used has the following mass percentage composition: SiC 14%, TiC 20%, Y2O3 0.2%, with the balance being Ni alloy. The particle size of both SiC and TiC powders is 50 μm, the particle size of Ni alloy powder is 60 μm, and the particle size of Y2O3 powder is 25 μm. The Ni alloy composition in the composite powder has the following mass percentage composition: C 1%, Fe 4.1%, Si 4.4%, Cr 13%, B 6%, Ta 0.2%, with the balance being Ni. The titanium alloy sheet used has the following mass percentage composition: Al 6.2%, V 4.0%, Fe 0.13%, Zr 0.3%, with the balance being Ti.

[0072] The experimental procedure is the same as in Implementation 1, and the specific preparation process is as follows:

[0073] (1) Weigh SiC, TiC, Y2O3 and Ni alloy powders according to the mass percentage of each component of the composite powder, and then mix them in a planetary ball mill for 120 min to prepare the composite powder. Use a powder spreader with a thickness of 1 mm to spread the prepared powder evenly on the surface of the titanium alloy. The thickness of the composite powder spread on the surface of the titanium alloy plate is 1 mm.

[0074] (2) The composite powder was melted using a YLS-6000 fiber laser. The experimental environment was a normal temperature and pressure air environment. The process parameters were as follows: a square spot light source with a size of 5mm×5mm, a laser scanning speed of approximately 3mm / s, a laser power of 2500W, an overlap rate of 45%, and an energy density of 33W / mm². 3 After the cladding layer is cooled in air, a wear-resistant layer is obtained. After removing the excess material through simple machining, it can be used.

[0075] The relevant performance tests were the same as in Example 1. In this example, the porosity of the wear-resistant layer was 1.9%, and the wear rate of the wear-resistant layer was calculated to be 5.4 × 10⁻⁶ based on the data from the weight loss method and the profile method, and by substituting the data into the wear rate calculation formula. -7 mm 3 ·N -1 ·mm -1 Compared to Example 1, simply reducing the SiC content in this comparative example did not achieve the desired effect of improving wear resistance.

[0076] Comparative Example 2

[0077] W by mass percentage TiC =1.23W SiC +14W Y2O3The composite powder used has the following mass percentage composition: SiC 22%, TiC 29.9%, Y2O3 0.2%, with the balance being Ni alloy. The particle size of both SiC and TiC powders is 50 μm, the particle size of Ni alloy powder is 60 μm, and the particle size of Y2O3 powder is 25 μm. The Ni alloy composition in the composite powder has the following mass percentage composition: C 1%, Fe 4.1%, Si 4.4%, Cr 13%, B 6%, Ta 0.2%, with the balance being Ni. The titanium alloy sheet used has the following mass percentage composition: Al 6.2%, V 4.0%, Fe 0.13%, Zr 0.3%, with the balance being Ti.

[0078] The experimental procedure is the same as in Implementation 1, and the specific preparation process is as follows:

[0079] (1) Weigh SiC, TiC, Y2O3 and Ni alloy powders according to the mass percentage of each component of the composite powder, and then mix them in a planetary ball mill for 120 min to prepare the composite powder. Use a powder spreader with a thickness of 1 mm to spread the prepared powder evenly on the surface of the titanium alloy. The thickness of the composite powder spread on the surface of the titanium alloy plate is 1 mm.

[0080] (2) The composite powder was melted using a YLS-6000 fiber laser. The experimental environment was a normal temperature and pressure air environment. The process parameters were as follows: a square spot light source with a size of 5mm×5mm, a laser scanning speed of approximately 3mm / s, a laser power of 2500W, an overlap rate of 45%, and an energy density of 33W / mm². 3 After the cladding layer is cooled in air, a wear-resistant layer is obtained. After removing the excess material through simple machining, it can be used.

[0081] The relevant performance tests were the same as in Example 1. In this example, the porosity of the wear-resistant layer was 1.4%, and the wear rate of the wear-resistant layer was calculated to be 4.9 × 10⁻⁶ based on the data from the weight loss method and the profile method, and by substituting the data into the wear rate calculation formula. -7 mm 3 ·N -1 ·mm -1 Compared to Example 1, the comparative example, which simply increased the SiC content and calculated the TiC content according to the formula, even though it is within the scope of the claims, did not achieve the effect of improving wear resistance.

[0082] Comparative Example 3

[0083] The composite powder used has the following mass percentages: SiC 15.5%, TiC 19%, Y2O3 0.2%, with the balance being Ni alloy. The particle size of both SiC and TiC powders is 50 μm, the particle size of the Ni alloy powder is 60 μm, and the particle size of the Y2O3 powder is 25 μm. The W content in this formulation is [missing information - likely a percentage by mass].TiC <1.23W SiC +14W Y2O3 The composite powder contains Ni alloy with the following mass percentage composition: C 1%, Fe 4.1%, Si 4.4%, Cr 13%, B 6%, Ta 0.2%, and balance Ni. The titanium alloy sheet used has the following mass percentage composition: Al 6.2%, V 4.0%, Fe 0.13%, Zr 0.3%, and balance Ti.

[0084] The experimental procedure is the same as in Implementation 1, and the specific preparation process is as follows:

[0085] (1) Weigh SiC, TiC, Y2O3 and Ni alloy powders according to the mass percentage of each component of the composite powder, and then mix them in a planetary ball mill for 120 min to prepare the composite powder. Use a powder spreader with a thickness of 1 mm to spread the prepared powder evenly on the surface of the titanium alloy. The thickness of the composite powder spread on the surface of the titanium alloy plate is 1 mm.

[0086] (2) The composite powder was melted using a YLS-6000 fiber laser. The experimental environment was a normal temperature and pressure air environment. The process parameters were as follows: a square spot light source with a size of 5mm×5mm, a laser scanning speed of approximately 3mm / s, a laser power of 2500W, an overlap rate of 45%, and an energy density of 33W / mm². 3 After the cladding layer is cooled in air, a wear-resistant layer is obtained. After removing the excess material through simple machining, it can be used.

[0087] The relevant performance tests were the same as in Example 1. In this example, the porosity of the wear-resistant layer was 1.7%, and the wear rate of the wear-resistant layer was calculated to be 4.8 × 10⁻⁶ based on the data from the weight loss method and the profile method, and by substituting them into the wear rate calculation formula. -7 mm 3 ·N -1 ·mm -1 Compared to Example 1, in this comparative example, even if SiC meets the range requirements, the TiC content is less than the content calculated according to the formula and is not within a reasonable range, so the effect of improving wear resistance cannot be achieved.

[0088] Comparative Example 4

[0089] The composite powder used has the following mass percentages: SiC 15.5%, TiC 32%, Y2O3 0.2%, with the balance being Ni alloy. The particle size of both SiC and TiC powders is 50 μm, the particle size of the Ni alloy powder is 60 μm, and the particle size of the Y2O3 powder is 25 μm. The W content in this formulation is [missing information - likely a percentage by mass]. TiC >1.23W SiC +14W Y2O3The composite powder contains Ni alloy with the following mass percentage composition: C 1%, Fe 4.1%, Si 4.4%, Cr 13%, B 6%, Ta 0.2%, and balance Ni. The titanium alloy sheet used has the following mass percentage composition: Al 6.2%, V 4.0%, Fe 0.13%, Zr 0.3%, and balance Ti.

[0090] The experimental procedure is the same as in Implementation 1, and the specific preparation process is as follows:

[0091] (1) Weigh SiC, TiC, Y2O3 and Ni alloy powders according to the mass percentage of each component of the composite powder, and then mix them in a planetary ball mill for 120 min to prepare the composite powder. Use a powder spreader with a thickness of 1 mm to spread the prepared powder evenly on the surface of the titanium alloy. The thickness of the composite powder spread on the surface of the titanium alloy plate is 1 mm.

[0092] (2) The composite powder was melted using a YLS-6000 fiber laser. The experimental environment was a normal temperature and pressure air environment. The process parameters were as follows: a square spot light source with a size of 5mm×5mm, a laser scanning speed of approximately 3mm / s, a laser power of 2500W, an overlap rate of 45%, and an energy density of 33W / mm². 3 After the cladding layer is cooled in air, a wear-resistant layer is obtained. After removing the excess material through simple machining, it can be used.

[0093] The relevant performance tests were the same as in Example 1. In this example, the porosity of the wear-resistant layer was 1.4%, and the wear rate of the wear-resistant layer was calculated to be 4.8 × 10⁻⁶ based on the data from the weight loss method and the profile method, and by substituting the data into the wear rate calculation formula. -7 mm 3 ·N -1 ·mm -1 Compared to Example 1, in this comparative example, even if SiC meets the range requirements, the TiC content is greater than the content calculated according to the formula and is not within a reasonable range, so the effect of improving wear resistance cannot be achieved.

[0094] Comparative Example 5

[0095] The composite powder used has the following mass percentage composition: SiC 16.3%, TiC 20%, with the balance being Ni alloy. The particle size of both SiC and TiC powders is 55 μm, while the particle size of the Ni alloy powder is 65 μm. This formulation does not use Y₂O₃. The Ni alloy composition in the composite powder has the following mass percentage composition: C 1%, Fe 4.1%, Si 4.4%, Cr 13%, B 6%, Ta 0.2%, with the balance being Ni. The titanium alloy sheet used has the following mass percentage composition: Al 6.2%, V 4.0%, Fe 0.13%, Zr 0.3%, with the balance being Ti.

[0096] The experimental procedure is the same as in Example 2, and the specific preparation process is as follows:

[0097] (1) Weigh SiC, TiC, Y2O3 and Ni alloy powders according to the mass percentage of each component of the composite powder, and then mix them in a planetary ball mill for 130 min to prepare the composite powder. Use a powder spreader with a thickness of 1 mm to evenly spread the prepared powder on the surface of the titanium alloy. The thickness of the composite powder spread on the surface of the titanium alloy plate is 1 mm.

[0098] (2) The composite powder was melted using a YLS-6000 fiber laser. The experimental environment was an air environment with normal temperature and pressure. The process parameters were as follows: a square spot light source with a size of 5mm×5mm, a laser scanning speed of approximately 3.2mm / s, a laser power of 2500W, an overlap rate of 50%, and an energy density of 31W / mm². 3 After the cladding layer is cooled in air, a wear-resistant layer is obtained. After removing the excess material through simple machining, it can be used.

[0099] The relevant performance tests were the same as in Example 1. In this comparative example, the porosity of the wear-resistant layer was 9.5%. Based on the data from the weight loss method and the profile method, and by substituting them into the wear rate calculation formula, the wear rate of the wear-resistant layer was calculated to be 5.0 × 10⁻⁶. -7 mm 3 ·N -1 ·mm -1 Compared with Example 1, even though the SiC and TiC contents in this comparative example meet the range requirements, the lack of Y2O3 significantly increases the porosity, thus failing to improve wear resistance.

[0100] Comparative Example 6

[0101] W by mass percentage TiC =1.23W SiC +14W Y2O3 The composite powder used has the following mass percentage composition: SiC 15.5%, TiC 26.1%, Y2O3 0.5%, with the balance being Ni alloy. The particle size of both SiC and TiC powders is 50 μm, the particle size of Ni alloy powder is 60 μm, and the particle size of Y2O3 powder is 25 μm. The Ni alloy composition in the composite powder has the following mass percentage composition: C 1%, Fe 4.1%, Si 4.4%, Cr 13%, B 6%, Ta 0.2%, with the balance being Ni. The titanium alloy sheet used has the following mass percentage composition: Al 6.2%, V 4.0%, Fe 0.13%, Zr 0.3%, with the balance being Ti.

[0102] The experimental procedure is the same as in Implementation 1, and the specific preparation process is as follows:

[0103] (1) Weigh SiC, TiC, Y2O3 and Ni alloy powders according to the mass percentage of each component of the composite powder, and then mix them in a planetary ball mill for 120 min to prepare the composite powder. Use a powder spreader with a thickness of 1 mm to spread the prepared powder evenly on the surface of the titanium alloy. The thickness of the composite powder spread on the surface of the titanium alloy plate is 1 mm.

[0104] (2) The composite powder was melted using a YLS-6000 fiber laser. The experimental environment was a normal temperature and pressure air environment. The process parameters were as follows: a square spot light source with a size of 5mm×5mm, a laser scanning speed of approximately 3mm / s, a laser power of 2500W, an overlap rate of 45%, and an energy density of 33W / mm². 3 A wear-resistant layer is obtained by cooling the cladding layer in air.

[0105] The relevant performance tests were the same as in Example 1. In this example, the porosity of the wear-resistant layer was 1.8%, and the wear rate of the wear-resistant layer was calculated to be 4.7 × 10⁻⁶ based on the data from the weight loss method and the profile method, and by substituting the data into the wear rate calculation formula. -7 mm 3 ·N -1 ·mm -1 Compared with Example 1, in this comparative example, even though SiC meets the range requirements and the TiC content calculated according to the formula is within a reasonable range, the Y2O3 content exceeds the reasonable range, and therefore the effect of improving wear resistance cannot be achieved.

[0106] Comparative Example 7

[0107] W by mass percentage TiC =1.23W SiC +14W Y2O3 The composite powder used had the following mass percentages: SiC 15.5%, TiC 21.9%, Y₂O₃ 0.2%, with the balance being Ni alloy. The particle size of both SiC and TiC powders was 50 μm, the particle size of the Ni alloy powder was 60 μm, and the particle size of the Y₂O₃ powder was 25 μm. The Ni alloy composition in the composite powder was: C 1%, Fe 4.1%, Si 4.4%, Cr 13%, B 6%, Ta 0.2%, with the balance being Ni. The titanium alloy sheet used had the following mass percentages: Al 6.2%, V 4.0%, Fe 0.13%, Zr 0.3%, with the balance being Ti.

[0108] The experimental procedure is the same as in Implementation 1, and the specific preparation process is as follows:

[0109] (1) Weigh SiC, TiC, Y2O3 and Ni alloy powders according to the mass percentage of each component of the composite powder, and then mix them in a planetary ball mill for 120 min to prepare the composite powder. Use a powder spreader with a thickness of 0.5 mm to evenly spread the prepared powder on the surface of the titanium alloy. The thickness of the composite powder spread on the surface of the titanium alloy plate is 0.5 mm.

[0110] (2) The composite powder was melted using a YLS-6000 fiber laser. The experimental environment was a normal temperature and pressure air environment. The process parameters were as follows: a square spot light source with a size of 5mm×5mm, a laser scanning speed of approximately 3mm / s, a laser power of 2500W, an overlap rate of 45%, and an energy density of 33W / mm². 3 A wear-resistant layer is obtained by cooling the cladding layer in air.

[0111] The relevant performance tests were the same as in Example 1. In this example, the porosity of the wear-resistant layer was 1.6%, and the wear rate of the wear-resistant layer was calculated to be 4.9 × 10⁻⁶ based on the data from the weight loss method and the profile method, and by substituting the data into the wear rate calculation formula. -7 mm 3 ·N -1 ·mm -1 Compared to Example 1, simply reducing the thickness of the composite powder does not achieve the desired wear resistance when the composite powder meets the requirements of this application.

[0112] Comparative Example 8

[0113] W by mass percentage TiC =1.23W SiC +14W Y2O3 The composite powder used had the following mass percentages: SiC 15.5%, TiC 21.9%, Y₂O₃ 0.2%, with the balance being Ni alloy. The particle size of both SiC and TiC powders was 50 μm, the particle size of the Ni alloy powder was 60 μm, and the particle size of the Y₂O₃ powder was 25 μm. The Ni alloy composition in the composite powder was: C 1%, Fe 4.1%, Si 4.4%, Cr 13%, B 6%, Ta 0.2%, with the balance being Ni. The titanium alloy sheet used had the following mass percentages: Al 6.2%, V 4.0%, Fe 0.13%, Zr 0.3%, with the balance being Ti.

[0114] The experimental procedure is the same as in Implementation 1, and the specific preparation process is as follows:

[0115] (1) Weigh SiC, TiC, Y2O3 and Ni alloy powders according to the mass percentage of each component of the composite powder, and then mix them in a planetary ball mill for 120 min to prepare the composite powder. Use a powder spreader with a thickness of 2 mm to evenly spread the prepared powder on the surface of the titanium alloy. The thickness of the composite powder spread on the surface of the titanium alloy plate is 2 mm.

[0116] (2) The composite powder was melted using a YLS-6000 fiber laser. The experimental environment was a normal temperature and pressure air environment. The process parameters were as follows: a square spot light source with a size of 5mm×5mm, a laser scanning speed of approximately 3mm / s, a laser power of 2500W, an overlap rate of 45%, and an energy density of 33W / mm². 3 A wear-resistant layer is obtained by cooling the cladding layer in air.

[0117] The relevant performance tests were the same as in Example 1. In this example, the porosity of the wear-resistant layer was 1.7%, and the wear rate of the wear-resistant layer was calculated to be 4.8 × 10⁻⁶ based on the data from the weight loss method and the profile method, and by substituting the data into the wear rate calculation formula. -7 mm 3 ·N -1 ·mm -1 Compared to Example 1, simply increasing the thickness of the composite powder does not achieve the desired wear resistance when the composite powder meets the requirements of this application.

[0118] Comparative Example 9

[0119] W by mass percentage TiC =1.23W SiC +14W Y2O3 The composite powder used had the following mass percentages: SiC 15.5%, TiC 21.9%, Y2O3 0.2%, with the balance being Ni alloy. The particle size of both SiC and TiC powders was 50 μm, the particle size of the Ni alloy powder was 60 μm, and the particle size of the Y2O3 powder was 25 μm. The Ni alloy composition in the composite powder was C 1%, Fe 4.1%, Si 4.4%, Cr 13%, B 6%, Ta 0.2%, with the balance being Ni. The titanium alloy sheet used had the following mass percentages: Al 6.2%, V 4.0%, Fe 0.13%, with the balance being Ti.

[0120] The experimental procedure is the same as in Implementation 1, and the specific preparation process is as follows:

[0121] (1) Weigh SiC, TiC, Y2O3 and Ni alloy powders according to the mass percentage of each component of the composite powder, and then mix them in a planetary ball mill for 120 min to prepare the composite powder. Use a powder spreader with a thickness of 1 mm to evenly spread the prepared powder on the surface of the titanium alloy. The thickness of the composite powder spread on the surface of the titanium alloy plate is 1 mm.

[0122] (2) The composite powder was melted using a YLS-6000 fiber laser. The experimental environment was an air environment with normal temperature and pressure. The process parameters were as follows: the light source was a square spot with a size of 5mm×5mm, the laser scanning speed was approximately 3mm / s, the laser power was 2500W, the overlap rate was 45%, and the energy density was 33W / mm². 3 A wear-resistant layer is obtained by cooling the cladding layer in air.

[0123] The relevant performance tests were the same as in Example 1. In this example, the porosity of the wear-resistant layer was 1.4%, and the wear rate of the wear-resistant layer was determined to be 5.2 × 10⁻⁶ using the weight loss method and profile method. -7 mm 3 ·N -1 ·mm -1 Compared to Example 1, even when the composite powder meets the requirements (i.e., the matrix titanium alloy lacks Zr), the desired effect is not achieved.

[0124] Comparative Example 10

[0125] W by mass percentage TiC =1.23W SiC +14W Y2O3 The composite powder used had the following mass percentages: SiC 15.5%, TiC 21.9%, Y2O3 0.2%, with the balance being Ni alloy. The particle size of both SiC and TiC powders was 50 μm, the particle size of the Ni alloy powder was 60 μm, and the particle size of the Y2O3 powder was 25 μm. The Ni alloy component in the composite powder had the following mass percentages: C 1%, Fe 4.1%, Si 4.4%, Cr 13%, B 6%, with the balance being Ni. The titanium alloy sheet used had the following mass percentages: Fe 0.3%, with the balance being Ti.

[0126] The experimental procedure is the same as in Implementation 1, and the specific preparation process is as follows:

[0127] (1) Weigh SiC, TiC, Y2O3 and Ni alloy powders according to the mass percentage of each component of the composite powder, and then mix them in a planetary ball mill for 120 min to prepare the composite powder. Use a powder spreader with a thickness of 1 mm to evenly spread the prepared powder on the surface of the titanium alloy. The thickness of the composite powder spread on the surface of the titanium alloy plate is 1 mm.

[0128] (2) The composite powder was melted using a YLS-6000 fiber laser. The experimental environment was a normal temperature and pressure air environment. The process parameters were as follows: a square spot light source with a size of 5mm×5mm, a laser scanning speed of approximately 3mm / s, a laser power of 2500W, an overlap rate of 45%, and an energy density of 33W / mm². 3 A wear-resistant layer is obtained by cooling the cladding layer in air.

[0129] The relevant performance tests were the same as in Example 1. In this example, the porosity of the wear-resistant layer was 2.0%, and the wear rate of the wear-resistant layer was determined to be 5.2 × 10⁻⁶ using the weight loss method and profile method. -7 mm 3 ·N -1 ·mm -1 Compared to Example 1, even when the composite powder meets the requirements, simply applying the preparation method of this application to titanium alloys with other alloy compositions does not achieve the desired effect.

[0130] Comparative Example 11

[0131] W by mass percentage TiC =1.23W SiC +14W Y2O3 The composite powder used had the following mass percentages: SiC 15.5%, TiC 21.9%, Y₂O₃ 0.2%, with the balance being pure Ni. The particle size of both SiC and TiC powders was 50 μm, the particle size of pure Ni was 60 μm, and the particle size of Y₂O₃ powder was 25 μm. The titanium alloy sheet used had the following mass percentages: Al 6.2%, V 4.0%, Fe 0.13%, Zr 0.3%, with the balance being Ti.

[0132] The experimental procedure is the same as in Implementation 1, and the specific preparation process is as follows:

[0133] (1) Weigh SiC, TiC, Y2O3 and Ni alloy powders according to the mass percentage of each component of the composite powder, and then mix them in a planetary ball mill for 120 min to prepare the composite powder. Use a powder spreader with a thickness of 1 mm to evenly spread the prepared powder on the surface of the titanium alloy. The thickness of the composite powder spread on the surface of the titanium alloy plate is 1 mm.

[0134] (2) The composite powder was melted using a YLS-6000 fiber laser. The experimental environment was a normal temperature and pressure air environment. The process parameters were as follows: a square spot light source with a size of 5mm*5mm, a laser scanning speed of approximately 3mm / s, a laser power of 2500W, an overlap rate of 45%, and an energy density of 33W / mm². 3 A wear-resistant layer is obtained by cooling the cladding layer in air.

[0135] The relevant performance tests were the same as in Example 1. In this example, the porosity of the wear-resistant layer was 2.1%, and the wear rate of the wear-resistant layer was determined to be 4.9 × 10⁻⁶ based on the weight loss method and profile method. -7 mm 3 ·N -1 ·mm -1 Compared to Example 1, simply replacing the Ni alloy with pure Ni does not achieve the desired wear resistance.

[0136] As can be seen from the above embodiments and comparative examples, the wear resistance of titanium alloys can be significantly improved only by using the composite powder designed by the inventors and utilizing laser cladding parameters that match the powder. Simply attempting to change the composition of the composite powder and the manufacturing process parameters based on knowledge known in the art or other publicly available reports, or transferring the alloy powder ratio and manufacturing process parameters of this application to other alloys, cannot guarantee the achievement of ideal results.

[0137] The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments provided to fully illustrate the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are all within the scope of protection of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A laser-clad wear-resistant layer on the surface of a titanium alloy, characterized in that, It is made from the following components by weight percentage: 15-20% SiC powder, 20-30% TiC powder, 0.1-0.3% Y₂O₃ powder, and the balance being Ni alloy powder, wherein W by weight percentage TiC =1.23W SiC +14W Y2O3 .

2. The wear-resistant layer clad on the titanium alloy surface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wear-resistant layer laser cladding on the titanium alloy surface has a multiphase structure of TiC, Ti5Si3 and Al-Ti2Ni, with TiC exhibiting a cellular dendritic morphology and Ti5Si3 exhibiting a lamellar morphology.

3. The wear-resistant layer clad on the titanium alloy surface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Ni alloy powder comprises, by mass percentage: C 1-1.1%, Fe 3.9-4.1%, Si 4.4-4.5%, Cr 11-13%, B 5-6%, Ta 0.1-0.5%, with the balance being Ni.

4. The wear-resistant layer clad on the titanium alloy surface according to claim 1, characterized in that, Titanium alloys, by mass percentage, include: Al 5.8–6.2%, V 3.9–4.2%, Fe 0.1–0.2%, Zr 0.1–0.9%, with the balance being Ti.

5. The wear-resistant layer clad on the titanium alloy surface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size of SiC powder and TiC powder is 50-60 μm, the particle size of Ni alloy powder is 60-70 μm, and the particle size of Y2O3 powder is 20-30 μm.

6. The method for preparing the wear-resistant layer by laser cladding on the surface of a titanium alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Take SiC powder, TiC powder, Y2O3 powder and Ni alloy powder and ball mill them together to obtain composite powder; (2) Spread the composite powder evenly on the surface of the titanium alloy plate; (3) Use a laser to melt the composite powder on the surface of the titanium alloy plate to obtain a laser cladding wear-resistant layer.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step (1), ball milling is carried out in air at normal temperature and pressure.

8. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step (2), the thickness of the composite powder laid on the surface of the titanium alloy plate is 1 to 1.5 mm.

9. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step (3), the laser spot is square with a size of 5×5mm, the laser scanning speed is approximately 3–3.5mm / s, the laser power is 2500–2600W, the overlap rate is 40–50%, and the energy density is 25–34W / mm². 3 .

10. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step (3), laser cladding is performed in an air environment at normal temperature and pressure, and can be formed in one pass.

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