Supporting component for deep engineering multi-source response information monitoring and disaster prevention and control

Abstract

A support component for multi-source response information monitoring and disaster prevention in deep engineering belongs to the field of deep mining support safety technology. It includes a hollow grouting anchor bolt, a micro-seismic capture unit, a displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit, an axial force monitoring unit, a blasting vibration monitoring unit, a multi-source signal collection and transmission unit, a roadway condition scanning unit, a tray, and a locking device. The micro-seismic capture unit is fixed at the front end of the hollow grouting anchor bolt, and the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit is distributed at intervals along the hollow grouting anchor bolt. The tray, axial force monitoring unit, and locking device are sequentially installed on the hollow grouting anchor bolt outside the borehole. The blasting vibration monitoring unit is located on the inner surface of the tray. The multi-source signal collection and transmission unit is located at the rear end of the hollow grouting anchor bolt, and the roadway condition scanning unit is located on the multi-source signal collection and transmission unit. This invention meets the urgent need for multi-source, multi-scale, distributed real-time information acquisition and fusion analysis in deep engineering, achieving integrated acquisition and highly reliable transmission of multiple types of information.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of deep mining support safety technology, and in particular relates to a support component for multi-source response information monitoring and disaster prevention in deep engineering. Background Technology

[0002] Deep engineering projects generally face a complex environment characterized by "four highs and one disturbance," with highly nonlinear surrounding rock mechanics and continuous evolution of rock mass structure and stress field over time and space. In this complex service environment, surrounding rock deformation, stress redistribution, and energy accumulation processes often exhibit significant suddenness and concealment. Without continuous, comprehensive, and high-precision acquisition of key mechanical response information for deep engineering projects, it will be difficult to effectively identify and target dynamic hazards such as rockbursts, severely restricting the safety and stability of deep engineering projects.

[0003] Currently, information monitoring in deep tunnel engineering mainly relies on mechanical sensors. The monitoring principle typically depends on the deformation of the surrounding rock to drive mechanical displacement gauges, strain gauges, or stress gauges to generate response signals. However, these monitoring methods generally suffer from problems such as structural fragility, insufficient anti-interference capabilities, and poor long-term reliability.

[0004] Furthermore, traditional monitoring methods primarily focus on the surface of tunnels or localized areas, making it difficult to obtain mechanical response information at different depths and scales within the surrounding rock. This results in limited spatial coverage, a single data type, and insufficient completeness in the monitoring information. Moreover, in deep engineering projects, these methods are susceptible to factors such as surrounding rock deformation, construction disturbances, and environmental corrosion, leading to severe signal attenuation, high deployment and maintenance costs, and poor information transmission stability. These issues further limit the ability to acquire multi-source information continuously over a long period.

[0005] The aforementioned problems make it difficult for existing monitoring technologies to meet the urgent needs of deep engineering for multi-source, multi-scale, distributed real-time information acquisition and fusion analysis. There is an urgent need for a new type of monitoring technology and equipment that can adapt to the complex deep environment and achieve integrated acquisition and highly reliable transmission of multiple types of information.

[0006] To address this, Chinese patent application CN118327648A discloses a large deformation monitoring anchor bolt for soft rock tunnels. However, this solution suffers from relatively limited functionality, an overemphasis on deformation monitoring, and insufficient coupling sensing of multiple parameters such as load and energy. Chinese patent application CN114000899A discloses a multifunctional and intelligent monitoring anchor bolt device, but this solution still suffers from complex structure, high system cost, and difficult on-site maintenance. Chinese patent application CN223166487U discloses a pull-out instrument capable of real-time monitoring of anchor bolt displacement, but its application is mainly limited to testing and experimental stages, making it difficult to meet the needs of long-term in-situ service monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a support component for multi-source response information monitoring and disaster prevention in deep engineering. It is suitable for disaster prevention in complex environments of deep engineering, meets the urgent needs of deep engineering for multi-source, multi-scale, distributed real-time information collection and fusion analysis, and solves the problems of difficult information collection, incomplete information collection, and difficult information transmission in traditional monitoring methods. It realizes the integrated acquisition and highly reliable transmission of multiple types of information, and provides technical support for real-time monitoring of information changes in deep engineering.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a support component for multi-source response information monitoring and disaster prevention in deep engineering, comprising a hollow grouting anchor, a micro-seismic capture unit, a displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit, an axial force monitoring unit, a blasting vibration monitoring unit, a multi-source signal collection and transmission unit, a roadway condition scanning unit, a tray, and a lock; the micro-seismic capture unit is fixedly installed at the front end of the hollow grouting anchor and located inside the surrounding rock borehole; the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit is a plurality of units, which are distributed at intervals along the rod body of the hollow grouting anchor; the tray, the axial force monitoring unit, and the lock are sequentially fitted onto the rod body of the hollow grouting anchor and located outside the borehole opening in the surrounding rock, with the tray tightly fitted to the roadway surface; the blasting vibration monitoring unit is installed on the inner surface of the tray; the multi-source signal collection and transmission unit is fixedly installed at the rear end of the hollow grouting anchor and located outside the surrounding rock borehole; the roadway condition scanning unit is installed on the multi-source signal collection and transmission unit.

[0009] The hollow grouting anchor has external threads on its outer surface and a straight groove along its length on its outer surface. A power and data wiring cable is fixedly installed in the straight groove. Several power and data wiring sockets are spaced along the length of the cable. A lateral grout outlet is provided on the shaft of the hollow grouting anchor behind the micro-vibration capture unit. The lateral grout outlet is connected to the central grouting cavity of the hollow grouting anchor.

[0010] The micro-vibration capture unit includes a housing, a triaxial micro-vibration accelerometer, and a Bluetooth module. The triaxial micro-vibration accelerometer and the Bluetooth module are arranged side-by-side inside the housing. The signal output of the triaxial micro-vibration accelerometer is split into two paths: one connected to the Bluetooth module, and the other connected to the power / data cable via an outlet at the bottom of the housing. The power receiving end of the Bluetooth module is connected to the power / data cable via an outlet at the bottom of the housing. The triaxial micro-vibration accelerometer, the Bluetooth module, and the housing are encapsulated and fixed with resin gel. A connecting screw is fixedly installed at the bottom center of the housing. An internal thread is provided on the inner surface of the central grouting cavity at the foremost end of the hollow grouting anchor rod, and the connecting screw is screwed into the central grouting cavity for a fixed fit.

[0011] The displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit includes a central housing, supporting housings, a pressure sensor, a millimeter-wave radar transceiver module, a Bluetooth module, and power / data terminals. An anchor bolt mounting hole is located in the center of the central housing, with internal threads on its inner surface. The hollow grouting anchor bolt is screwed into the mounting hole for secure connection. The supporting housings are fixedly mounted on the central housing and evenly distributed along its circumference. The power / data terminals are located on the central housing and plug into power / data connectors on the main power / data cable. The pressure sensor is located on the central housing. Inside the measuring unit's support housing, the pressure sensor and the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit's support housing are encapsulated and fixed by resin gel. The millimeter-wave radar transceiver module and the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit's Bluetooth module are arranged side-by-side inside the central housing of the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit, and are encapsulated and fixed to the central housing of the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit by resin gel. The signal output terminal of the pressure sensor has two outputs: one is connected to the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit's Bluetooth module, and the other is connected to the power data cable through the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit's power data terminal. The signal output terminal of the millimeter-wave radar transceiver module also has two outputs: one is connected to the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit's Bluetooth module, and the other is connected to the power data cable through the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit's power data terminal. The power receiving terminal of the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit's Bluetooth module is connected to the power data cable through the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit's power data terminal.

[0012] The axial force monitoring unit includes an axial force monitoring unit housing, a vibrating wire anchor stress gauge, an axial force monitoring unit Bluetooth module, and axial force monitoring unit power and data terminals. An anchor rod passage hole is provided in the middle of the axial force monitoring unit housing, the diameter of which is larger than the outer diameter of the hollow grouting anchor rod. The vibrating wire anchor stress gauge is coaxially embedded and fixed to the front end of the axial force monitoring unit housing. The axial force monitoring unit Bluetooth module is located inside the axial force monitoring unit housing behind the vibrating wire anchor stress gauge. The axial force monitoring unit Bluetooth module is connected to the axial force monitoring unit housing. The components are encapsulated and fixed with resin gel; the power data terminal of the axial force monitoring unit is set on the housing of the axial force monitoring unit, and the housing of the axial force monitoring unit is plugged into the power data connection socket on the main power data connection cable; the signal output terminal of the vibrating wire anchor stress gauge is split into two outputs, one of which is connected to the Bluetooth module of the axial force monitoring unit, and the other is connected to the main power data connection cable through the power data terminal of the axial force monitoring unit; the power receiving end of the Bluetooth module of the axial force monitoring unit is connected to the main power data connection cable through the power data terminal of the axial force monitoring unit.

[0013] The blasting vibration monitoring unit includes a piezoelectric accelerometer and a power data connection cable; the piezoelectric accelerometer is embedded and fixed on the inner surface of the tray, and the signal output end of the piezoelectric accelerometer is connected to the main power data connection cable through the power data connection cable, and the power data connection cable is embedded and fixed on the inner surface of the tray; there are several piezoelectric accelerometers, and the several piezoelectric accelerometers are evenly distributed on the inner surface of the tray.

[0014] The multi-source signal collection and transmission unit includes a housing, a Bluetooth module, a battery module, and a processor. An anchor bolt adapter hole is located at the center of the front end of the housing, and an internal thread is provided on the inner surface of the adapter hole. The rear end of the hollow grouting anchor bolt is screwed into the adapter hole for secure connection. The Bluetooth module, battery module, and processor are arranged side-by-side within the housing behind the adapter hole. The module, battery module, and multi-source signal collection and transmission processor are encapsulated and fixed to the housing of the multi-source signal collection and transmission unit using resin gel. A USB data interface is provided on the housing of the multi-source signal collection and transmission unit, and the USB data interface is electrically connected to the multi-source signal collection and transmission processor. The power receiving end of the Bluetooth module of the multi-source signal collection and transmission unit is connected to the battery module, and the battery module is connected to the power and data wiring cable. The signal input end of the multi-source signal collection and transmission processor is connected to the power and data wiring cable, and one power receiving end of the multi-source signal collection and transmission processor is connected to the battery module, and the other is connected to an external power supply line.

[0015] The tunnel condition scanning unit includes a adapter, a longitudinal ring-track lidar, and a transverse ring-track lidar. The adapter is fixedly installed at the center of the bottom of the multi-source signal collection and transmission unit housing. Both the longitudinal and transverse ring-track lidars are mounted on the adapter, and are concentrically distributed with a 90° phase angle. The signal output terminals of the longitudinal and transverse ring-track lidars are connected to the multi-source signal collection and transmission processor, and the power receiving terminals of the longitudinal and transverse ring-track lidars are connected to the battery module.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0017] The support component for multi-source response information monitoring and disaster prevention in deep engineering of the present invention is applicable to disaster prevention in complex environments of deep engineering. It meets the urgent needs of deep engineering for multi-source, multi-scale, distributed real-time information collection and fusion analysis, and solves the problems of difficult information collection, incomplete information collection and difficult information transmission in traditional monitoring methods. It realizes the integrated acquisition and highly reliable transmission of multiple types of information, and provides technical support for real-time monitoring of information changes in deep engineering. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a support component for multi-source response information monitoring and disaster prevention in deep engineering, according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the hollow grouting anchor rod of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the power data wiring cable of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the microseismic capture unit (partial cross-section) of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit of the present invention (partial cross-section);

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the axial force monitoring unit of the present invention (partial cross-section);

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tray (partial cross-section) pre-installed with the blasting vibration monitoring unit of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the combined structure of the multi-source signal collection and transmission unit (partial cross-section) and the roadway condition scanning unit (partial cross-section) of the present invention;

[0026] In the diagram, 1—Hollow grouting anchor bolt, 2—Micro-vibration capture unit, 3—Displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit, 4—Axial force monitoring unit, 5—Multi-source signal collection and transmission unit, 6—Tunnel condition scanning unit, 7—Tray, 8—Lock, 9—Straight-through trench, 10—Power and data wiring cable, 11—Power and data wiring socket, 12—Side grout outlet, 13—Central grouting cavity, 14—Micro-vibration capture unit housing, 15—Triaxial micro vibration accelerometer, 16—Micro-vibration capture unit Bluetooth module, 17—Adapter screw, 18—Displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit central housing, 19—Displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit support housing, 20—Pressure sensor, 21—Millimeter-wave radar transceiver module, 22—Displacement-pressure 23—Displacement-Pressure Integrated Monitoring Unit Bluetooth Module; 24—Anchor Bolt Mounting Hole; 25—Axial Force Monitoring Unit Housing; 26—Vibrating Wire Anchor Cable Stress Gauge; 27—Axial Force Monitoring Unit Bluetooth Module; 28—Axial Force Monitoring Unit Power Data Terminal; 29—Anchor Bolt Through Hole; 30—Piezoelectric Accelerometer; 31—Power Data Wiring Cable; 32—Multi-Source Signal Collection and Transmission Unit Housing; 33—Multi-Source Signal Collection and Transmission Unit Bluetooth Module; 34—Battery Module; 35—Multi-Source Signal Collection and Transmission Processor; 36—Anchor Bolt Adapter Hole; 37—USB Data Interface; 38—External Power Supply Cable; 39—Adapter; 40—Longitudinal Ring Rail LiDAR; 41—Transverse Ring Rail LiDAR. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] like Figures 1-8 As shown, a support component for multi-source response information monitoring and disaster prevention in deep engineering includes a hollow grouting anchor 1, a microseismic capture unit 2, a displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit 3, an axial force monitoring unit 4, a blasting vibration monitoring unit, a multi-source signal collection and transmission unit 5, a roadway condition scanning unit 6, a tray 7, and a lock 8. The microseismic capture unit 2 is fixedly installed at the front end of the hollow grouting anchor 1 and located inside the surrounding rock borehole. Several displacement-pressure integrated monitoring units 3 are distributed at intervals along the rod body of the hollow grouting anchor 1. The tray 7, axial force monitoring unit 4, and lock 8 are sequentially fitted onto the rod body of the hollow grouting anchor 1 and located outside the borehole opening in the surrounding rock, with the tray 7 tightly fitted to the roadway surface. The blasting vibration monitoring unit is installed on the inner surface of the tray 7. The multi-source signal collection and transmission unit 5 is fixedly installed at the rear end of the hollow grouting anchor 1 and located outside the surrounding rock borehole. The roadway condition scanning unit 6 is installed on the multi-source signal collection and transmission unit 5.

[0029] The hollow grouting anchor 1 has an external thread on its outer surface, and a straight groove 9 is provided along the length direction on the outer surface of the hollow grouting anchor 1. A power and data wiring cable 10 is fixedly installed in the straight groove 9. Several power and data wiring sockets 11 are distributed at intervals along the length direction on the rod of the power and data wiring cable 10. A lateral grout outlet hole 12 is provided on the rod of the hollow grouting anchor 1 behind the micro-vibration capture unit 2. The lateral grout outlet hole 12 is connected to the central grouting cavity 13 of the hollow grouting anchor 1.

[0030] The micro-vibration capture unit 2 includes a micro-vibration capture unit housing 14, a triaxial micro vibration accelerometer 15, and a micro-vibration capture unit Bluetooth module 16. The triaxial micro vibration accelerometer 15 and the micro-vibration capture unit Bluetooth module 16 are arranged side by side inside the micro-vibration capture unit housing 14. The signal output terminal of the triaxial micro vibration accelerometer 15 is split into two paths: one path is connected to the micro-vibration capture unit Bluetooth module 16, and the other path is connected to the power and data cable 10 through the outlet at the bottom of the micro-vibration capture unit housing 14. The power receiving end of the tooth module 16 is connected to the power and data cable 10 through the outlet at the bottom of the micro-vibration capture unit housing 14; the triaxial micro vibration acceleration sensor 15, the micro-vibration capture unit Bluetooth module 16 and the micro-vibration capture unit housing 14 are encapsulated and fixed with resin gel; an adapter screw 17 is fixedly installed on the outside of the bottom center of the micro-vibration capture unit housing 14; an internal thread is provided on the inner surface of the central grouting cavity 13 at the front end of the hollow grouting anchor 1, and the adapter screw 17 is screwed and fixedly engaged with the central grouting cavity 13.

[0031] In this embodiment, the triaxial miniature vibration accelerometer 15 is model CT1005SLFP, with a range of ±100g, a sensitivity of 50mV / g, and a frequency response range of 1~6000Hz; the micro-vibration capture unit Bluetooth module 16 is model TICC2640, with a main frequency of 48MHz, supports Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE 4.2) communication protocol, has a maximum transmit power of 5dBm, a communication distance of 50m~80m in open environment, and a communication distance of 20m~40m under full obstacle conditions when buried in a borehole.

[0032] The displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit 3 includes a central housing 18, a support housing 19, a pressure sensor 20, a millimeter-wave radar transceiver module 21, a Bluetooth module 22, and power / data terminals 23. An anchor bolt mounting hole 24 is provided in the center of the central housing 18, and an internal thread is provided on the inner surface of the anchor bolt mounting hole 24. The hollow grouting anchor bolt 1 is screwed into the anchor bolt mounting hole 24 for secure connection. The support housing 19 of the force integrated monitoring unit is fixedly mounted on the central housing 18 of the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit, and the support housing 19 is evenly distributed along the circumference of the central housing 18; the power data terminal 23 of the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit is mounted on the central housing 18 of the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit, and the power data terminal 23 is plugged into the power data connection socket 11 on the main power data connection cable 10; the pressure sensor 20 is mounted on the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit. Inside the monitoring unit's support housing 19, the pressure sensor 20 and the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit's support housing 19 are encapsulated and fixed with resin gel; the millimeter-wave radar transceiver module 21 and the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit's Bluetooth module 22 are arranged side-by-side inside the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit's central housing 18, and are encapsulated and fixed with resin gel; the signal output terminal of the pressure sensor 20 is split into two paths, one of which is connected to the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit's central housing 18. The pressure integrated monitoring unit Bluetooth module 22 has one output path connected to the power data cable 10 via the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit power data terminal 23; the millimeter-wave radar transceiver module 21 outputs two signals, one connected to the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit Bluetooth module 22, and the other connected to the power data cable 10 via the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit power data terminal 23; the power receiving end of the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit Bluetooth module 22 is connected to the power data cable 10 via the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit power data terminal 23.

[0033] In this embodiment, the pressure sensor 20 is a Burster 8526 with a range of 10N to 200kN and an accuracy of ≤0.25%; the millimeter-wave radar transceiver module 21 is an Infineon XENSIV with a range of 0.1mm to 10m and a sensitivity of 0.1mm; the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit Bluetooth module 22 is a TI CC2640 with a main frequency of 48MHz, supports Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE 4.2) communication protocol, has a maximum transmit power of 5dBm, a communication distance of 50m to 80m in open environment, and a communication distance of 20m to 40m under full obstacle conditions when buried in a borehole.

[0034] The axial force monitoring unit 4 includes an axial force monitoring unit housing 25, a vibrating wire anchor stress gauge 26, an axial force monitoring unit Bluetooth module 27, and an axial force monitoring unit power and data terminals 28. An anchor rod through hole 29 is provided in the middle of the axial force monitoring unit housing 25, and the diameter of the anchor rod through hole 29 is larger than the outer diameter of the hollow grouting anchor rod 1. The vibrating wire anchor stress gauge 26 is coaxially embedded and fixed at the front end of the axial force monitoring unit housing 25. The axial force monitoring unit Bluetooth module 27 is located inside the axial force monitoring unit housing 25 behind the vibrating wire anchor stress gauge 26, and the axial force monitoring unit Bluetooth module 27 is integrated with the axial force monitoring unit housing. The components 25 are encapsulated and fixed by resin gel; the power data terminal 28 of the axial force monitoring unit is set on the housing 25 of the axial force monitoring unit, and the housing 25 of the axial force monitoring unit is plugged into the power data connection socket 11 on the main body of the power data connection cable 10; the signal output terminal of the vibrating wire anchor stress gauge 26 is split into two outputs, one of which is connected to the Bluetooth module 27 of the axial force monitoring unit, and the other is connected to the main power data connection cable 10 through the power data terminal 28 of the axial force monitoring unit; the power receiving terminal of the Bluetooth module 27 of the axial force monitoring unit is connected to the main power data connection cable 10 through the power data terminal 28 of the axial force monitoring unit.

[0035] In this embodiment, the vibrating wire anchor stress gauge 26 is model MXR-1020, with a range of 0 to 300 kN and a sensitivity of 0.1 kN; the axial force monitoring unit Bluetooth module 27 is model TI CC2640, with a main frequency of 48 MHz, supports Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE4.2) communication protocol, has a maximum transmission power of 5 dBm, a communication distance of 50 m to 80 m in open environment, and a communication distance of 20 m to 40 m under full obstacle conditions buried in the borehole.

[0036] The blasting vibration monitoring unit includes a piezoelectric accelerometer 30 and a power data connection cable 31. The piezoelectric accelerometer 30 is embedded and fixed on the inner surface of the tray 7. The signal output end of the piezoelectric accelerometer 30 is connected to the main power data connection cable 10 through the power data connection cable 31, and the power data connection cable 31 is embedded and fixed on the inner surface of the tray 7. There are several piezoelectric accelerometers 30, and the several piezoelectric accelerometers 30 are evenly distributed on the inner surface of the tray 7.

[0037] In this embodiment, there are four piezoelectric accelerometers 30, which are evenly distributed at the four corners of the inner surface of the tray 7. The piezoelectric accelerometer 30 is model LH351A10, with a range of ±250g, a voltage sensitivity of 20mv / g, and a frequency response range of 0.1Hz to 12000Hz.

[0038] The multi-source signal collection and transmission unit 5 includes a multi-source signal collection and transmission unit housing 32, a multi-source signal collection and transmission unit Bluetooth module 33, a battery module 34, and a multi-source signal collection and transmission processor 35. An anchor bolt adapter hole 36 is provided at the center of the front end of the multi-source signal collection and transmission unit housing 32, and an internal thread is provided on the inner surface of the anchor bolt adapter hole 36. The rear end of the hollow grouting anchor bolt 1 is screwed into the anchor bolt adapter hole 36 for fixed connection. The multi-source signal collection and transmission unit Bluetooth module 33, battery module 34, and multi-source signal collection and transmission processor 35 are arranged side-by-side inside the multi-source signal collection and transmission unit housing 32 behind the anchor bolt adapter hole 36. 3. The battery module 34 and the multi-source signal collection and transmission processor 35 are encapsulated and fixed to the multi-source signal collection and transmission unit housing 32 by resin gel; a USB data interface 37 is provided on the multi-source signal collection and transmission unit housing 32, and the USB data interface 37 is electrically connected to the multi-source signal collection and transmission processor 35; the power receiving end of the Bluetooth module 33 of the multi-source signal collection and transmission unit is connected to the battery module 34, and the battery module 34 is connected to the power data cable 10; the signal input end of the multi-source signal collection and transmission processor 35 is connected to the power data cable 10, and one power receiving end of the multi-source signal collection and transmission processor 35 is connected to the battery module 34, and the other is connected to the external power supply line 38.

[0039] In this embodiment, the Bluetooth module 33 of the multi-source signal collection and transmission unit is a TI CC2640 with a main frequency of 48MHz. It supports the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE 4.2) communication protocol, has a maximum transmit power of 5dBm, and a communication distance of 50m to 80m in open environments and 20m to 40m in all-obstacle conditions when buried in a borehole. The battery module 34 uses an oxide-based semi-solid-state battery. The multi-source signal collection and transmission processor 35 is a Xilinx-XC7A200T, which supports multi-channel parallel data processing capabilities and has a latency level down to the microsecond level. The USB data interface 37 is a Type-C.

[0040] The tunnel condition scanning unit 6 includes a connector 39, a longitudinal ring-track lidar 40, and a transverse ring-track lidar 41. The connector 39 is fixedly installed at the bottom center of the multi-source signal collection and transmission unit housing 32. The longitudinal ring-track lidar 40 and the transverse ring-track lidar 41 are both installed on the connector 39, and the longitudinal ring-track lidar 40 and the transverse ring-track lidar 41 are concentrically distributed and have a 90° phase angle. The signal output terminals of the longitudinal ring-track lidar 40 and the transverse ring-track lidar 41 are connected to the multi-source signal collection and transmission processor 35, and the power receiving terminals of the longitudinal ring-track lidar 40 and the transverse ring-track lidar 41 are connected to the battery module 34.

[0041] In this embodiment, the longitudinal ring-track lidar 40 and the transverse ring-track lidar 41 are model RS-LiDAR-M1, with a maximum scanning capability of 200m, a single echo point frequency of 787,500 points / second, and an average optimal angular resolution of 0.2°×0.1°.

[0042] The following describes a single use of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0043] After the drilling of the surrounding rock in the tunnel is completed, the assembly of support components for deep engineering multi-source response information monitoring and disaster prevention and control will begin.

[0044] First, the main power data cable 10 is fixedly installed into the straight-through groove 9 on the outer surface of the hollow grouting anchor rod 1. Then, displacement-pressure integrated monitoring units 3 are selected according to the number of power data connection sockets 11, and the selected displacement-pressure integrated monitoring units 3 are screwed onto the hollow grouting anchor rod 1 one by one through the anchor rod mounting holes 24, so that each displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit 3 is located at the corresponding power data connection socket 11. Subsequently, the power data terminal 23 of the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit is installed on each displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit 3 to ensure that the power data terminal 23 of the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit is accurately connected into the power data connection socket 11, so as to realize the electrical connection between the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit 3 and the main power data cable 10.

[0045] After all displacement-pressure integrated monitoring units 3 are installed on the hollow grouting anchor rod 1, the micro-vibration capture unit 2 is then fixedly connected to the central grouting cavity 13 at the front end of the hollow grouting anchor rod 1 through the adapter screw 17. At the same time, the electrical connection between the micro-vibration capture unit 2 and the power data wiring cable 10 is completed.

[0046] After the microseismic capture unit 2 is installed, the hollow grouting anchor 1 equipped with the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit 3 and the microseismic capture unit 2 is sent into the surrounding rock borehole. Then, the tray 7 is installed on the rear end of the hollow grouting anchor 1, and the blasting vibration monitoring unit pre-installed on the tray 7 is electrically connected to the power data wiring cable 10.

[0047] After the tray 7 and the blasting vibration monitoring unit are installed, the axial force monitoring unit 4 is installed on the hollow grouting anchor 1 behind the tray 7. Then, the power data terminal 28 of the axial force monitoring unit is installed on the axial force monitoring unit 4 to ensure that the power data terminal 28 of the axial force monitoring unit is accurately connected to the power data connection socket 11, so as to realize the electrical connection between the axial force monitoring unit 4 and the power data connection cable 10.

[0048] After the axial force monitoring unit 4 is installed, the locking device 8 is installed on the hollow grouting anchor 1 behind the axial force monitoring unit 4 to complete the initial fixation of the hollow grouting anchor 1. Then, grouting is performed from the central grouting cavity 13 at the rear end of the hollow grouting anchor 1. The grout enters the surrounding rock borehole through the central grouting cavity 13 and the lateral grout outlet 12 in sequence until the surrounding rock borehole is completely filled with grout. After the grout has solidified, the hollow grouting anchor 1 is pre-pulled out by the locking device 8. Finally, the multi-source signal collection and transmission unit 5 and the roadway condition scanning unit 6 are installed at the rear end of the hollow grouting anchor 1. At this time, the assembly of the support components for multi-source response information monitoring and disaster prevention in deep engineering is completed.

[0049] When a rupture event occurs within the surrounding rock, the triaxial miniature vibration acceleration sensor 15 within the microseismic capture unit 2 can directly collect the vibration acceleration microseismic data at the time of the rupture. The data transmission method can be set according to actual needs. When using wired transmission, the Bluetooth module 16 of the microseismic capture unit does not transmit data; the microseismic data is transmitted to the multi-source signal collection and transmission processor 35 via the power and data cable 10. When using wireless transmission, only the Bluetooth module 16 of the microseismic capture unit transmits data, and the multi-source signal collection and transmission processor 35 directly receives the microseismic data through the Bluetooth module 33 of the multi-source signal collection and transmission unit. Furthermore, the wired and wireless transmission methods serve as backups for each other. When the preferred data transmission method fails, the backup data transmission method is activated, improving the stability and reliability of the microseismic data transmission.

[0050] When the rock strata within the surrounding rock undergo displacement, it triggers changes in the inter-stratum displacement. The millimeter-wave radar transceiver module 21 within the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit 3 collects displacement data to detect these changes. The data transmission method can be configured according to actual needs. When using wired transmission, the Bluetooth module 22 of the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit does not transmit data; the displacement data is transmitted to the multi-source signal collection and transmission processor 35 via the power and data cable 10. When using wireless transmission, only the Bluetooth module 22 of the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit transmits data, and the multi-source signal collection and transmission processor 35 directly receives the displacement data through the Bluetooth module 33 of the multi-source signal collection and transmission unit. Furthermore, the wired and wireless transmission methods serve as backups for each other. If the preferred data transmission method fails, the backup data transmission method is activated, improving the stability and reliability of the displacement data transmission. After the multi-source signal collection and transmission processor 35 receives the displacement data collected by all millimeter-wave radar transceiver modules 21, it will automatically calculate the relative displacement between the rock strata based on the displacement data of two adjacent millimeter-wave radar transceiver modules 21, and will automatically calculate the total displacement between the rock strata based on the displacement data of the two millimeter-wave radar transceiver modules 21 on the bottom side and the opening side of the borehole.

[0051] When the rock strata within the surrounding rock undergo displacement, it also causes pressure changes within the borehole. Pressure data is collected by the pressure sensor 20 within the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit 3, and the data transmission method can be set according to actual needs. When using wired transmission, the Bluetooth module 22 of the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit does not transmit data; the pressure data is transmitted to the multi-source signal collection and transmission processor 35 via the power data cable 10. When using wireless transmission, only the Bluetooth module 22 of the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit transmits data, and the multi-source signal collection and transmission processor 35 directly receives pressure data through the Bluetooth module 33 of the multi-source signal collection and transmission unit. Furthermore, the wired and wireless transmission methods serve as backups for each other; if the preferred data transmission method fails, the backup data transmission method is activated, improving the stability and reliability of pressure data transmission.

[0052] When the surface of the tunnel vibrates due to rupture, the piezoelectric crystal in the piezoelectric accelerometer 30 in the blasting vibration monitoring unit will undergo mechanical deformation under vibration excitation. Based on the piezoelectric effect, the deformation will cause the surface of the piezoelectric crystal to generate an electrical signal proportional to the vibration acceleration amplitude, thereby converting the mechanical vibration into a quantifiable electrical signal and realizing the acquisition of blasting vibration data. The multi-source signal collection and transmission processor 35 receives the blasting vibration data in a wired transmission manner through the power data connection branch cable 31 and the power data connection main cable 10.

[0053] When the hollow grouting anchor 1 experiences axial tension due to rock displacement, the axial force on it changes. To address this change, the vibrating wire anchor stress gauge 26 within the axial force monitoring unit 4 collects axial force data. The data transmission method can be set according to actual needs. When using wired transmission, the Bluetooth module 27 of the axial force monitoring unit does not transmit data; the axial force data is transmitted to the multi-source signal collection and transmission processor 35 via the power data cable 10. When using wireless transmission, only the Bluetooth module 27 of the axial force monitoring unit transmits data, and the multi-source signal collection and transmission processor 35 directly receives the axial force data through the Bluetooth module 33 of the multi-source signal collection and transmission unit. Furthermore, the wired and wireless transmission methods serve as backups for each other. If the preferred data transmission method fails, the backup data transmission method is activated, improving the stability and reliability of the axial force data transmission.

[0054] During the process of supporting the surrounding rock of the roadway with hollow grouting anchor bolt 1, in order to simultaneously obtain the roadway working conditions, the longitudinal ring-track lidar 40 and the transverse ring-track lidar 41 in the roadway working conditions scanning unit 6 can be activated. The longitudinal ring-track lidar 40 and the transverse ring-track lidar 41 operate alternately to obtain point cloud data of the all-round roadway. The point cloud data is directly received by the multi-source signal collection and transmission processor 35.

[0055] During normal use of the support components for multi-source response information monitoring and disaster prevention in deep engineering, power supply via external power line 38 is prioritized. Battery module 34, after being fully charged, serves as a backup power source. It is only activated for emergency power supply in case of external power failure, ensuring the stability and reliability of multi-source signal collection and transmission. Furthermore, under normal conditions, all data received by the multi-source signal collection and transmission processor 35 is prioritized for wireless transmission to the tunnel information base station via the Bluetooth module 33 of the multi-source signal collection and transmission unit. When wireless data transmission is limited, data can also be copied on-site via USB data interface 37.

[0056] The solutions in the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent implementations or modifications that do not depart from the present invention are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A support component for multi-source response information monitoring and disaster prevention in deep engineering, characterized in that: The system includes a hollow grouting anchor bolt, a micro-vibration capture unit, a displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit, an axial force monitoring unit, a blasting vibration monitoring unit, a multi-source signal collection and transmission unit, a roadway condition scanning unit, a tray, and a locking device. The micro-vibration capture unit is fixedly installed at the front end of the hollow grouting anchor bolt and located inside the surrounding rock borehole. Several displacement-pressure integrated monitoring units are distributed at intervals along the bolt body of the hollow grouting anchor bolt. The tray, axial force monitoring unit, and locking device are sequentially fitted onto the bolt body of the hollow grouting anchor bolt and located outside the borehole opening, with the tray tightly fitted to the roadway surface. The blasting vibration monitoring unit is located on the inner surface of the tray. The multi-source signal collection and transmission unit is fixedly installed at the rear end of the hollow grouting anchor bolt and located outside the surrounding rock borehole. The roadway condition scanning unit... The unit is mounted on the multi-source signal collection and transmission unit; the outer surface of the hollow grouting anchor has external threads, and a straight groove is provided along the length direction on the outer surface of the hollow grouting anchor. A power and data wiring cable is fixedly installed in the straight groove, and several power and data wiring sockets are distributed at intervals along the length direction on the stem of the power and data wiring cable; a lateral grout outlet is provided on the stem of the hollow grouting anchor behind the micro-vibration capture unit, and the lateral grout outlet is connected to the central grouting cavity of the hollow grouting anchor; an anchor mounting hole is provided in the middle of the central shell of the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit, and an internal thread is provided on the inner surface of the anchor mounting hole. The hollow grouting anchor is screwed and fixed to the anchor mounting hole; the roadway condition scanning unit is used to acquire point cloud data of the entire roadway.

2. The support component for multi-source response information monitoring and disaster prevention in deep engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The micro-vibration capture unit includes a housing, a triaxial micro-vibration accelerometer, and a Bluetooth module. The triaxial micro-vibration accelerometer and the Bluetooth module are arranged side-by-side inside the housing. The signal output of the triaxial micro-vibration accelerometer is split into two paths: one connected to the Bluetooth module, and the other connected to the power / data cable via an outlet at the bottom of the housing. The power receiving end of the Bluetooth module is connected to the power / data cable via an outlet at the bottom of the housing. The triaxial micro-vibration accelerometer, the Bluetooth module, and the housing are encapsulated and fixed with resin gel. A connecting screw is fixedly installed at the bottom center of the housing. An internal thread is provided on the inner surface of the central grouting cavity at the foremost end of the hollow grouting anchor rod, and the connecting screw is screwed into the central grouting cavity for a fixed fit.

3. The support component for multi-source response information monitoring and disaster prevention in deep engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit includes a central housing, supporting housings, a pressure sensor, a millimeter-wave radar transceiver module, a Bluetooth module, and power / data terminals. The supporting housings are fixedly mounted on the central housing and are evenly distributed along the circumference of the central housing. The power / data terminals are located on the central housing and are plugged into power / data connectors on the main power cable. The pressure sensor is housed within the supporting housing, and a resin separator separates the pressure sensor from the supporting housing. The millimeter-wave radar transceiver module and the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit Bluetooth module are arranged side-by-side within the central housing of the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit. The millimeter-wave radar transceiver module, the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit Bluetooth module, and the central housing of the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit are encapsulated and fixed by resin gel. The signal output terminal of the pressure sensor has two outputs: one connected to the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit Bluetooth module, and the other connected to the power data cable via the power data terminal of the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit. The signal output terminal of the millimeter-wave radar transceiver module also has two outputs: one connected to the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit Bluetooth module, and the other connected to the power data cable via the power data terminal of the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit. The power receiving terminal of the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit Bluetooth module is connected to the power data cable via the power data terminal of the displacement-pressure integrated monitoring unit.

4. The support component for multi-source response information monitoring and disaster prevention in deep engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axial force monitoring unit includes an axial force monitoring unit housing, a vibrating wire anchor stress gauge, an axial force monitoring unit Bluetooth module, and axial force monitoring unit power and data terminals. An anchor rod passage hole is provided in the middle of the axial force monitoring unit housing, the diameter of which is larger than the outer diameter of the hollow grouting anchor rod. The vibrating wire anchor stress gauge is coaxially embedded and fixed to the front end of the axial force monitoring unit housing. The axial force monitoring unit Bluetooth module is located inside the axial force monitoring unit housing behind the vibrating wire anchor stress gauge. The axial force monitoring unit Bluetooth module is connected to the axial force monitoring unit housing. The components are encapsulated and fixed with resin gel; the power data terminal of the axial force monitoring unit is set on the housing of the axial force monitoring unit, and the housing of the axial force monitoring unit is plugged into the power data connection socket on the main power data connection cable; the signal output terminal of the vibrating wire anchor stress gauge is split into two outputs, one of which is connected to the Bluetooth module of the axial force monitoring unit, and the other is connected to the main power data connection cable through the power data terminal of the axial force monitoring unit; the power receiving end of the Bluetooth module of the axial force monitoring unit is connected to the main power data connection cable through the power data terminal of the axial force monitoring unit.

5. A support component for multi-source response information monitoring and disaster prevention in deep engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blasting vibration monitoring unit includes a piezoelectric accelerometer and a power data connection cable; the piezoelectric accelerometer is embedded and fixed on the inner surface of the tray, and the signal output end of the piezoelectric accelerometer is connected to the main power data connection cable through the power data connection cable, and the power data connection cable is embedded and fixed on the inner surface of the tray; there are several piezoelectric accelerometers, and the several piezoelectric accelerometers are evenly distributed on the inner surface of the tray.

6. The support component for multi-source response information monitoring and disaster prevention in deep engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-source signal collection and transmission unit includes a multi-source signal collection and transmission unit housing, a multi-source signal collection and transmission unit Bluetooth module, a battery module, and a multi-source signal collection and transmission processor. An anchor bolt adapter hole is provided at the front center of the multi-source signal collection and transmission unit housing. An internal thread is provided on the inner surface of the anchor bolt adapter hole, and the rear end of the hollow grouting anchor bolt is screwed into the anchor bolt adapter hole for fixation. The multi-source signal collection and transmission unit Bluetooth module, battery module, and multi-source signal collection and transmission processor are arranged side-by-side inside the multi-source signal collection and transmission unit housing behind the anchor bolt adapter hole. The Bluetooth module, battery module, and multi-source signal collection and transmission processor are encapsulated and fixed to the multi-source signal collection and transmission unit housing with resin gel. A USB data interface is provided on the multi-source signal collection and transmission unit housing, and the USB data interface is electrically connected to the multi-source signal collection and transmission processor. The power receiving end of the multi-source signal collection and transmission unit Bluetooth module is connected to the battery module, and the battery module is connected to the power and data cable. The signal input end of the multi-source signal collection and transmission processor is connected to the power and data cable, and one power receiving end of the multi-source signal collection and transmission processor is connected to the battery module, while the other is connected to an external power supply line.

7. A support component for multi-source response information monitoring and disaster prevention in deep engineering according to claim 6, characterized in that: The tunnel condition scanning unit includes a adapter, a longitudinal ring-track lidar, and a transverse ring-track lidar. The adapter is fixedly installed at the center of the bottom of the multi-source signal collection and transmission unit housing. Both the longitudinal and transverse ring-track lidars are mounted on the adapter, and are concentrically distributed with a 90° phase angle. The signal output terminals of the longitudinal and transverse ring-track lidars are connected to the multi-source signal collection and transmission processor, and the power receiving terminals of the longitudinal and transverse ring-track lidars are connected to the battery module.

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