The invention discloses an intelligent self-positioning system of a spraying robot and belongs to the technical field of machine vision detection. The intelligent self-positioning system is characterized by comprising an ARM controller (1), an image capture card (2), a display module (3), a keyboard input module (4), a wireless transmission module (5), a power module (6), a sound and light alarm module (7), an upper computer (8), a drive module (9), a horizontal extension unit (10), a spraying actuator (11), a vertical lifting unit (12), a background processing module (13), a CCD (charge coupled device) camera (14) and a light source module (15). Compared with the prior art, the intelligent self-positioning system has the advantages such as simple system structure, convenience in installation and debugging, high system reliability, high measuring precision, low power consumption, ease of popularization and convenience in maintenance.