The invention discloses a vision positioning method and system based on low-precision GPS in automatic driving. Road surface lane lines are detected, extended Kalman filtering is performed on edge points of the lane lines to obtain curves of the lane lines, transverse distance between a vehicle and left and right lane lines is obtained, and based on a high-precision map and GPS, transverse position correction of the vehicle is obtained; road surface traffic signs are detected and identified, longitudinal distance between a vehicle-mounted camera of the vehicle and a target object at a currentmoment is calculated, and based on the high-precision map and GPS, longitudinal position correction of the vehicle is obtained; and finally, accurate vehicle positioning information is obtained basedon the transverse position correction and longitudinal position correction. Thus, by adoption of cooperation of the low-cost low-precision GPS and high-precision map, a high-precision vision auxiliarypositioning function is realized, the positioning is stable, the robustness is high and the cost is low, influence by shielding and reflection by barriers such as city buildings and viaducts does notexist, transverse positioning precision can be within 20 cm, and the vision positioning method and system are suitable for commercial popularization and application.