A variable speed ratio vertical axis wind generator system

Abstract

The application provides a variable speed ratio vertical axis wind turbine system, comprising: a vertical axis wind rotor with blades; a brake, a multi-gear transmission, a generator, a power battery, and an electric power distribution unit, a gear hydraulic system and a controller electrically connected with the generator. Through the switching and regulation of gears, the generator is always in the high-efficiency power generation area. At the same time, smooth switching of the gearbox gears can be realized during the working process, the impact is reduced, the service life of the generator is increased, the brake can be used for the vertical axis wind turbine, and in the case of emergency, the accumulator can ensure that the wind turbine still has the brake function in the case of failure of the hydraulic system, so that safe, reliable and efficient power generation is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of generator technology, and more specifically, to a variable speed ratio vertical axis wind turbine generator system. Background Technology

[0002] Wind power, as an important form of renewable energy utilization, has been widely applied in scenarios such as grid power supply and distributed power generation. Existing wind turbines mainly include two types: horizontal axis wind turbines and vertical axis wind turbines. Horizontal axis wind turbines typically require a yaw mechanism to adapt to changes in wind direction, and components such as the nacelle and drivetrain are located at high altitudes, making maintenance inconvenient. In contrast, vertical axis wind turbines are less sensitive to the direction of incoming wind, have a more flexible structural layout, and possess certain application potential.

[0003] However, in the actual operation of vertical axis wind turbines, the rotor speed often varies greatly due to factors such as wind speed fluctuations and aerodynamic load cyclic changes. This leads to significant fluctuations in the generator's input speed and torque, making it difficult for the generator to operate stably in the high-efficiency range for a long time, thus reducing the overall power generation efficiency of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a variable speed ratio vertical axis wind turbine system to solve the above problems.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following solution:

[0006] This application provides a variable speed ratio vertical axis wind turbine system, including:

[0007] A vertical axis wind turbine rotor, the vertical axis wind turbine rotor having blades;

[0008] The brake is coaxially connected to the vertical axis wind turbine rotor;

[0009] A multi-speed transmission is coaxially connected to the brake.

[0010] The generator is coaxially connected to the multi-speed transmission and electrically connected to the first motor control unit;

[0011] A power battery, and a power distribution unit electrically connected to the generator;

[0012] The shifting hydraulic system includes a hydraulic motor pump electrically connected to a power distribution unit via a second motor control unit, a plurality of first control valves connected to the hydraulic motor pump, a plurality of first actuators connected to the control valves for controlling the multi-speed transmission to perform shifting operations, a second control valve connected to the hydraulic motor pump, and a second actuator connected to the second control valve for controlling the brake to perform braking operations.

[0013] The controller is used to perform the following steps:

[0014] The rotational speed of the blades is obtained, and power and wind speed are predicted based on historical operating data and real-time operating parameters.

[0015] The optimal transmission ratio is determined by combining the transmission characteristics of a multi-speed transmission and the efficiency characteristics of a generator.

[0016] Accordingly, the shift hydraulic system is controlled to drive the multi-speed transmission to smoothly switch gears during operation, so that the generator operates in the high-efficiency power generation range.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes a hydraulic accumulator, which is connected to the hydraulic motor pump, the first control valve, and the second control valve via a third control valve.

[0018] Furthermore, the generator is connected to the power battery via a high-voltage power line to store the electrical energy output by the generator in the power battery and / or to power the generator and control system by the power battery.

[0019] Furthermore, the first control valve, the second control valve, and the third control valve are two-position two-way proportional control valves to proportionally adjust the control flow of each circuit in the shifting hydraulic system.

[0020] Furthermore, when the controller detects a significant trend in wind condition parameters, it activates the gear shifting hydraulic system in advance to shorten the gear shifting response delay.

[0021] Furthermore, the controller tracks the transmission operating parameters in real time during gear shifting and dynamically adjusts the hydraulic control signal to ensure smooth gear switching.

[0022] Furthermore, when the wind speed changes rapidly, the controller increases the flow rate of the shift hydraulic system; when the wind speed changes gradually, the controller decreases the flow rate to reduce the impact caused by frequent shifting.

[0023] Furthermore, when the deviation between the actual parameters and the predicted parameters exceeds the preset range, the power prediction, wind speed prediction, and optimal transmission ratio calculation are re-executed, and gear adjustment is triggered.

[0024] Furthermore, when the operating parameters exceed the safety threshold and are determined to be an emergency condition, an emergency braking process is initiated, including issuing an emergency braking command to the brake and triggering the accumulator to release energy to continuously provide braking force when the hydraulic system fails or power is insufficient.

[0025] Furthermore, when the controller determines that emergency braking of the wind turbine is required, it triggers the brake to perform emergency braking on the vertical axis wind turbine rotor by controlling the second control valve.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention can achieve the following technical effects:

[0027] This invention provides a variable-ratio vertical-axis wind turbine system that ensures the generator always operates within its high-efficiency power generation range through gear switching and adjustment. Simultaneously, it enables smooth gear shifting during operation, reducing impact and increasing generator lifespan. A brake can be used for braking of the vertical-axis wind turbine, and in emergencies, an energy accumulator ensures that the wind turbine can still perform braking functions even if the hydraulic system fails, guaranteeing safe, reliable, and efficient power generation. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a variable speed ratio vertical axis wind turbine system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Icons: 1. Blade; 2. Brake; 3. Multi-speed gearbox; 4. Generator; 5. First motor control unit; 6. Power distribution unit; 7. Power battery; 8. First control valve; 9. First actuator; 10. Second control valve; 11. Second actuator; 12. Second motor control unit; 13. Hydraulic accumulator; 14. Hydraulic motor pump; 15. Third control valve; 16. Controller. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to represent selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Example

[0033] Combination Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a variable speed ratio vertical axis wind turbine system, including:

[0034] A vertical axis wind turbine rotor, the vertical axis wind turbine rotor having blades 1;

[0035] Brake 2 is coaxially connected to the vertical axis wind turbine rotor;

[0036] A multi-speed transmission 3 is coaxially connected to the brake 2;

[0037] The generator 4 is coaxially connected to the multi-speed transmission 3 and electrically connected to the first motor control unit 5;

[0038] The power battery 7, and the power distribution unit 6 electrically connected to the generator 4;

[0039] The shifting hydraulic system includes a hydraulic motor pump 14 electrically connected to a power distribution unit 6 via a second motor control unit 12, a plurality of first control valves 8 connected to the hydraulic motor pump 14, a plurality of first actuators 9 connected to the control valves for controlling the multi-speed transmission 3 to perform shifting operations, a second control valve 10 connected to the hydraulic motor pump 14, and a second actuator 11 connected to the second control valve 10 for controlling the brake 2 to perform braking operations.

[0040] Controller 16 is used to perform the following steps:

[0041] The rotational speed of the blade 1 is obtained, and power and wind speed are predicted based on historical operating data and real-time operating parameters.

[0042] The optimal transmission ratio is determined by combining the transmission characteristics of the multi-speed transmission 3 and the efficiency characteristics of the generator 4.

[0043] Accordingly, the shift hydraulic system is controlled to drive the multi-speed transmission 3 to smoothly switch during operation, so that the generator 4 operates in the high-efficiency power generation zone.

[0044] Specifically, it also includes a hydraulic accumulator 13, which is connected to the hydraulic motor pump 14, the first control valve 8, and the second control valve 10 via a third control valve 15.

[0045] In this embodiment, the hydraulic motor pump 14 is connected to the hydraulic accumulator 13, the first control valve 8, the second control valve 10, and the third control valve 15 via high-pressure oil-resistant hydraulic pipelines. Each control valve is also connected to the first actuator 9, the second actuator 11, and the third actuator via high-pressure oil-resistant hydraulic pipelines to form a closed-loop hydraulic circuit. The first control valve 8, the second control valve 10, and the third control valve 15 are all two-position two-way proportional control valves. Their electrical control signal input terminals communicate bidirectionally with the controller 16 via a CAN bus, ensuring that the controller 16 can accurately adjust the flow and pressure of each control valve.

[0046] It should be noted that Figure 1 The diagram only shows three first control valves 8 and three first actuators 9 for switching gears in the multi-speed transmission 3. However, this solution is not limited to only three first control valves 8 and three first actuators 9. It can be set according to the actual situation and the gear situation of the multi-speed transmission 3. No further details are provided here.

[0047] When the variable-ratio vertical axis wind turbine starts up, the main controller 16 first collects the real-time speed information of blade 1 through the blade 1 speed detection component. Preprocessing and optimizing the raw speed data combines the historical operating data of generator 4 with real-time operating parameters to perform power and wind speed prediction, respectively determining the maximum output power of generator 4 and the direction of wind speed change. Based on the prediction results, combined with the transmission characteristics of multi-speed gearbox 3 and the efficiency MAP of generator 4, the controller 16 calculates the optimal transmission ratio under the current operating conditions using an optimization algorithm. Subsequently, the controller 16 sends a command to the shift hydraulic system to control the hydraulic motor pump 14 to operate, and then adjusts the flow rate of the control valve to ensure that hydraulic oil flows smoothly into the shift actuator. Simultaneously, the controller 16 tracks the gearbox operating parameters in real time and dynamically adjusts the hydraulic control signal to ensure smooth gear shifting. When the shifting operation is completed, the main controller 16 receives a positioning signal and controls the relevant components to return to their initial state. Subsequently, it continuously compares the actual and predicted parameters; if the deviation exceeds a preset range, the above process is repeated.

[0048] If the main controller detects a significant change in wind parameters, it will activate the hydraulic system in advance, optimize the hydraulic circuit response, and significantly shorten the execution response delay of gear shifting. This prevents the generator 4 from leaving the high-efficiency zone due to asynchrony between wind condition changes and gear shifting. When the wind speed changes rapidly, the flow rate increment is increased to match the demand for wind condition changes; when the wind speed is flat, the flow rate increment is reduced to avoid frequent gear shifting shocks. At the same time, the main controller 16 increases the frequency of comparison between actual and predicted parameters. When the deviation approaches the critical threshold of the high-efficiency zone, it immediately recalculates the optimal transmission ratio and triggers gear fine-tuning. Through dynamic control, it ensures that the generator 4 continues to operate in the high-efficiency zone.

[0049] Furthermore, this embodiment focuses on the overall safety protection of the machine under extreme emergency conditions. Based on the hardware configuration of the original brake 2 and accumulator of the system, a dual safety braking mechanism of main braking and emergency energy replenishment is constructed to ensure reliable braking and overall machine safety under extreme conditions.

[0050] Specifically, during the operation of the system, the controller 16 collects the operating status parameters of the generator 4, wind condition monitoring data and hydraulic system working signals in real time, and establishes an extreme emergency condition identification standard; when the operating condition parameters are detected to exceed the safety threshold and are determined to be an extreme emergency condition, the controller 16 immediately initiates the emergency braking process.

[0051] The first level of braking protection is directly achieved by the brake 2. The controller 16 sends an emergency braking command to the brake 2 and uses the coaxial rigid connection between the brake 2, the vane 1, and the multi-speed transmission 3 to quickly apply braking torque, suppress the operation of the whole machine, and achieve initial braking.

[0052] The second layer of emergency protection is achieved through an energy accumulator. The controller 16 synchronously triggers the emergency energy release function of the energy accumulator. As an independent emergency energy source, the energy accumulator establishes an energy supply channel with the brake 2 through a preset hydraulic pipeline. In extreme cases where the main hydraulic system may fail or there is insufficient power, it stably outputs stored energy to the brake 2 to ensure that the brake 2 always maintains sufficient braking force and avoids braking interruption or failure.

[0053] Meanwhile, the main controller 16 monitors the machine's speed, braking pressure, and accumulator energy output status in real time during braking, dynamically coordinating the braking force of the brake 2 with the energy supply intensity of the accumulator. This ensures both rapid braking response and avoids damage to the gearbox gears, blade 1 connection structure, etc., caused by excessive braking impact, achieving smooth and reliable braking. This system effectively enhances the safety redundancy of the entire machine under extreme emergency conditions, ensuring that emergency braking can be completed through dual protection regardless of whether the main system is operating normally, comprehensively protecting the safety of the entire machine and the surrounding environment.

[0054] This invention provides a variable-ratio vertical axis wind turbine system. By switching and adjusting the gears, it ensures that the generator 4 always operates within the high-efficiency power generation range. Simultaneously, it enables smooth gear shifting during operation, reducing impact and increasing the service life of the generator 4. The brake 2 can be used to brake the vertical axis wind turbine. In emergencies, an accumulator ensures that even if the hydraulic system fails, the generator 4 can still perform braking, guaranteeing safe, reliable, and efficient power generation.

[0055] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions that fall within the scope of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0056] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0057] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0058] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0059] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

Claims

1. A variable speed ratio vertical axis wind turbine generator system, characterized in that, include: A vertical axis wind turbine rotor having blades (1); Brake (2) is coaxially connected to the vertical axis wind turbine rotor; A multi-speed transmission (3) is coaxially connected to the brake (2); The generator (4) is coaxially connected to the multi-speed transmission (3) and electrically connected to the first motor control unit (5); A power battery (7) and a power distribution unit (6) electrically connected to the generator (4); The shifting hydraulic system includes a hydraulic motor pump (14) electrically connected to a power distribution unit (6) via a second motor control unit (12), a plurality of first control valves (8) connected to the hydraulic motor pump (14), a plurality of first actuators (9) connected to the control valves for controlling the multi-speed transmission (3) to perform shifting operations, a second control valve (10) connected to the hydraulic motor pump (14), and a second actuator (11) connected to the second control valve (10) for controlling the brake (2) to perform braking operations. A hydraulic accumulator (13) is connected to the hydraulic motor pump (14), the first control valve (8), and the second control valve (10) via a third control valve (15); wherein the first control valve (8), the second control valve (10), and the third control valve (15) are two-position two-way proportional control valves to proportionally adjust the control flow of each circuit of the shift hydraulic system. Controller (16) is used to perform the following steps: The rotational speed of the blade (1) is obtained, and power and wind speed are predicted based on historical operating data and real-time operating parameters. The optimal transmission ratio is determined by combining the transmission characteristics of the multi-speed transmission (3) and the efficiency characteristics of the generator (4); When the controller (16) detects a significant trend in the change of wind parameters, it starts the shift hydraulic system in advance to shorten the shift response delay. During gear shifting, the transmission operating parameters are tracked in real time, and the hydraulic control signal is dynamically adjusted to ensure smooth gear shifting. When the wind speed changes rapidly, the flow rate of the shift hydraulic system is increased; when the wind speed changes gradually, the flow rate is decreased to reduce the impact caused by frequent shifting. When the deviation between the actual parameters and the predicted parameters exceeds the preset range, the power prediction, wind speed prediction, and optimal transmission ratio calculation are re-executed, and gear adjustment is triggered. Accordingly, the shift hydraulic system is controlled to drive the multi-speed transmission (3) to switch smoothly during operation, so that the generator (4) operates in the high-efficiency power generation zone.

2. The variable speed ratio vertical axis wind turbine generator system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The generator (4) is connected to the power battery (7) via a high-voltage line so that the electrical energy output by the generator (4) is stored in the power battery (7) and / or the power battery (7) supplies power to the generator (4) and the control system.

3. The variable speed ratio vertical axis wind turbine generator system according to claim 1, characterized in that... When the operating parameters exceed the safety threshold and are determined to be in an emergency, the emergency braking process is initiated, including issuing an emergency braking command to the brake (2) and triggering the accumulator to release energy to continuously provide braking force when the hydraulic system fails or power is insufficient.

4. The variable speed ratio vertical axis wind turbine generator system according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the controller (16) determines that emergency braking of the wind turbine (4) is required, it triggers the brake (2) to perform emergency braking of the vertical axis wind turbine rotor by controlling the second control valve (10).

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