Wireless electronic detonator initiation system based on LORA communication technology

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless electronic detonator initiation, and particularly relates to a wireless electronic detonator initiation system based on the LORA communication technology, which comprises a hardware architecture and a software architecture, and is characterized in that the hardware architecture comprises a host and a slave; the software architecture is used for slave detonator scheme transmission, networking detonation, detonator detection, communication link stability detection and slave working state monitoring; a complete wireless detonating system comprising electronic detonators, wireless relay equipment and a wireless detonating controller is constructed, and the wireless detonating controller issues a detonating instruction and accurate delay information subjected to encryption and redundancy check to a target wireless relay in a broadcast or multicast mode through a wireless network so as to drive an electronic detonator group; according to the system, wireless relay equipment is used for expanding network coverage, communication blind areas are eliminated, and all detonators are ensured to be reliably detonated at the same time within millisecond-level errors or under a preset sequence through an accurate time synchronization protocol.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of wireless electronic detonator initiation technology, specifically a wireless electronic detonator initiation system based on LORA communication technology. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of wireless communication technology, the industry has begun to explore wireless detonation solutions in order to solve the inherent problems of wired systems. However, existing wireless solutions still face severe challenges in terms of communication reliability, anti-interference capabilities, and precise synchronous detonation control in complex blasting environments and large-scale networking.

[0003] Traditional industrial electronic detonators generally employ a wired networking method, connecting the detonators to the detonation controller via physical cables such as twisted-pair cables. The process begins with network planning, where the twisted-pair cable routing is designed based on the terrain and detonator distribution density of the blasting area. Typically, 20-30 electronic detonators are grouped into a subnet using a daisy-chain configuration, with each subnet connecting to the main network via branch cables. Next, physical cabling is executed. Construction personnel lay shielded twisted-pair cables along predetermined borehole spacing, securing them to the rock surface or pre-buried cable trays using specialized clamps, ensuring the cables form a complete circuit with the detonation controller, repeaters, and detonator leads. Then, node connections are established. Each detonator is non-destructively connected via a piercing clamp in a waterproof junction box. The system automatically detects line continuity and sends coded information back to the controller. Finally, overall commissioning is performed. The communication quality of the entire network is verified by injecting test current in segments, and an impedance analyzer is used to check line loss, ensuring that the loss per meter is controlled within standard values.

[0004] While wired networking is a mature and reliable technology, it has significant drawbacks in practical applications: First, in large-scale or complex terrain blasting, the wiring work is extremely arduous, consuming a lot of manpower, time, and material costs; second, wired networks have poor flexibility, making them difficult to deploy in special environments such as cliffs and water bodies, and once the blasting plan is determined, it is difficult to adjust it temporarily; finally, the process of inspecting and troubleshooting the lines is cumbersome, and there are safety hazards such as leakage and wire breaks.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides a wireless electronic detonator initiation system based on LORA communication technology. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background art is solved.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is as follows: A wireless electronic detonator initiation system based on LoRa communication technology, comprising a hardware architecture and a software architecture, wherein the hardware architecture includes a master unit and a slave unit; the software architecture is used for slave unit detonator scheme transmission, network initiation, detonator detection, communication link stability detection, and slave unit operating status monitoring; the network initiation control of the electronic detonator specifically includes the following steps:

[0008] S101: Slave detonator scheme transmission and slave system networking. The host transmits the detonator scheme to the slave. If the detonator scheme is unchanged, it only needs to be transmitted once. If it is changed, it needs to be retransmitted. Then, the slave is networked and communicated. The host establishes a slave address information table.

[0009] S102: Slave network detection. The host broadcasts a network detection command. After receiving this broadcast command, the slave enters the network detection state.

[0010] S103: Slave password verification. The host broadcasts a password verification command. After receiving the broadcast command, the slave enters the password verification state.

[0011] S104: Slave charging: The master broadcasts a charging command. After receiving the broadcast command, the slave enters the charging state.

[0012] S105: Slave detonation inspection. The host broadcasts a detonation inspection command. After receiving the broadcast command, the slave enters the detonation inspection state.

[0013] S106: Slave detonation. The host broadcasts a detonation command. After receiving the broadcast command, the slave device enters the synchronous detonation state and waits for the electronic detonator to complete the detonation.

[0014] Preferably, the host is the system control core, integrating a LoRa communication module, a storage module, and an interaction interface; the slave is the control core of the electronic detonator, employing a high-performance microprocessor and integrating a LoRa communication module, a storage module, a power management module, and a bus driver module; the wireless communication between the host and the slave is conducted through the LoRa communication module for data exchange.

[0015] Preferably, the communication methods of the LoRa communication module include the following:

[0016] S201: Broadcast communication, where the host sends a common command to all slave devices in the network via a broadcast address;

[0017] S202: On-demand communication, the host establishes a point-to-point connection with a specific slave device, performs device configuration, slave system status query, slave information reading, and slave single transmission, electrical performance, line detection and other operations;

[0018] S203: Multicast communication, the host broadcasts a common command, and then confirms the execution status of the slave device by requesting it.

[0019] Preferably, the host assigns addresses to the slave in the following ways:

[0020] S301: Addresses are assigned via slave serial numbers (SNs). Each slave in the system has a unique 4-byte SN. The master assigns addresses to each slave via on-demand communication to complete the system's network communication.

[0021] S302: The host blindly searches for slave addresses and assigns them. This method is used to assign addresses to slaves when the slave SN code is unknown. After the host sends a broadcast command to allow registration, each slave responds with its own SN to the host after a different delay. The host saves the SN of each slave it receives and uses the saved slave SN to assign addresses to each slave. The host waits for the saved slave SNs to be assigned.

[0022] Preferably, the host blind search method includes the following steps:

[0023] S401: After the host and slave systems establish network communication, the host broadcasts a blind search command for detonators. Upon receiving this command, the slave enters the blind search state for electronic detonators.

[0024] S402: After the host broadcasts the command, it polls the current status of the slave in real time, and the slave reports the current status and the total number of detonators found in the blind search.

[0025] S403: After the slave device completes the blind search for detonators, the master device actively reads the detonator data from the blind search, and the slave device reports the UID of the electronic detonator found by the blind search.

[0026] Preferably, the system status detection includes communication link status detection and slave device working status detection, and the communication link stability detection includes the following steps:

[0027] S501: The host can read the signal strength and signal-to-noise ratio of the slave device in real time;

[0028] S502: By repeatedly reading this type of data from the slave device, the number of successful communications and the number of timeouts are counted to calculate the packet loss rate;

[0029] S503: Finally, the stability of the communication link with each slave device is determined by the signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, and packet loss rate data.

[0030] Preferably, the method for monitoring the working status of the slave device includes the following steps:

[0031] S601: After the master completes the address allocation to the slave, it reads the slave's working status in real time. The slave's working status includes information such as slave process, slave process progress, slave power, slave error code, slave bus error code, slave bus voltage, and slave bus current.

[0032] S602: The host achieves real-time monitoring of the slave's status by acquiring the slave's working status information;

[0033] S603: Slave status monitoring runs through the entire network detonation process to obtain the status of each slave device in real time during the network detonation process.

[0034] Preferably, the slave unit single-transmission, electrical performance, and line testing include the following steps:

[0035] S701: Slave Single-Shot Detection, used for slave detection of single-shot electronic detonators on the bus, and transmits the UID of the single-shot electronic detonator to the host for display, which can verify the identity of the single-shot electronic detonator;

[0036] S702: Electromechanical performance detection, used by the slave device to detect the electrical performance of a single electronic detonator on the bus, which can verify whether the current electronic detonator has the conditions for detonation. The slave device transmits the detection results and the detonator UID to the host device for display.

[0037] S703: Slave line detection, used by the master to control the slave to enable line detection, and to obtain the current voltage and current of the slave bus in real time, so as to confirm whether there are abnormalities such as short circuit or leakage in the current slave bus status.

[0038] Preferably, the synchronous detonation includes the following two modes:

[0039] S801: Slave high-performance mode. When the master controls the slave to detonate, it first broadcasts a detonation inspection command. After all slaves have completed the detonation inspection, the master broadcasts the detonation command. When a slave receives the detonation inspection command, it switches from normal working mode to high-performance mode so that it can efficiently receive the detonation command sent by the master after performing the detonation inspection.

[0040] S802: Slave time calibration mode. After the slave completes the detonation inspection, the master starts broadcasting 5 detonation commands. Each detonation command carries a countdown. The countdown carried by each detonation command is calculated in real time by the master in combination with the wireless transmission time and the task scheduling time, and then transmitted to the slave. After receiving a detonation command, the slave calibrates with the start time of the countdown carried by this detonation command and no longer responds to other detonation commands with different countdowns.

[0041] Preferably, the slave communication timeout / disconnection detection includes the following steps:

[0042] S901: The master unit queries the working status of the slave unit in real time through a heartbeat mechanism;

[0043] S902: The heartbeat mechanism is activated during the idle time of password verification, charging, detonation inspection, and detonation after the network test is completed. The time from the completion of the network test to the host not issuing a password verification command is called the idle time.

[0044] S903: During idle time, the host will activate the heartbeat mechanism to query all slaves stored in the slave address information table in the host. If there is no response from the slave after multiple queries of the slave status information, it is considered that the slave communication has timed out and disconnected.

[0045] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0046] 1. The present invention discloses a wireless electronic detonator initiation system based on LoRa communication technology. This system comprises a complete wireless initiation system including electronic detonators, wireless relay devices, and a wireless initiation controller. The wireless initiation controller transmits encrypted and redundancy-checked initiation commands and precise delay information to the target wireless relay via a wireless network, either through broadcast or multicast, thereby driving a group of electronic detonators. The system utilizes wireless relay devices to extend network coverage, eliminate communication blind spots, and ensures reliable initiation of all detonators simultaneously or in a preset sequence within millisecond-level errors through a precise time synchronization protocol.

[0047] 2. The wireless electronic detonator initiation system based on LoRa communication technology described in this invention utilizes a three-dimensional intelligent status monitoring and diagnostic system for detonation safety, encompassing communication, power supply, and bus. This system includes: communication link quality monitoring, which monitors and evaluates the signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, and packet loss rate of the slave device in real time to provide early warning of communication risks; slave device comprehensive status monitoring, which reads the slave device's workflow, battery level, internal error codes, and other statuses in real time; bus electrical safety diagnostics, which automatically diagnoses abnormal states such as short circuits, open circuits, and leakage current by monitoring bus voltage and current in real time; and a heartbeat protection mechanism, which detects slave device communication timeouts and disconnections in real time through heartbeat polling during critical process intervals.

[0048] 3. The wireless electronic detonator initiation system based on LoRa communication technology described in this invention is a strictly master-slave architecture electronic detonator initiation system constructed using LoRa wireless communication. Under this architecture, all commands are initiated by the master unit, and the slave units only respond, and there is no direct communication between the slave units. The system adopts a hybrid mode combining broadcast communication and on-demand communication. Specifically, it includes a multi-redundant transmission mechanism for broadcast commands and a timeout retransmission and communication isolation mechanism for on-demand communication. Attached Figure Description

[0049] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0050] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the detonation system framework according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the method for the host to allocate addresses to the slave in this invention;

[0052] Figure 3 This is an application diagram of the wireless electronic detonator initiation system based on LORA communication technology in this invention;

[0053] Figure 4 This is a system diagram of direct registration of wireless relay SN in the system networking communication of this invention;

[0054] Figure 5 This is a diagram of the blind search wireless relay system for system networking communication in this invention;

[0055] Figure 6 This is a diagram of the wireless detonator blind search detonator system in this invention;

[0056] Figure 7 This is a diagram of the network initiation system in this invention;

[0057] Figure 8 This is a system diagram of the synchronous detonation technology in this invention;

[0058] Figure 9 This is a flowchart of the slave unit single-transmission, electrical performance, and line detection methods in this invention;

[0059] Figure 10 This is a flowchart of the slave communication timeout and disconnection detection method in this invention; Detailed Implementation

[0060] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0061] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, a wireless electronic detonator initiation system based on LoRa communication technology includes a hardware architecture and a software architecture. The hardware architecture includes a master unit and a slave unit. The software architecture is used for slave unit detonator scheme transmission, network initiation, detonator detection, communication link stability detection, and slave unit operating status monitoring. The network initiation control of the electronic detonator specifically includes the following steps:

[0062] S101: Slave detonator scheme transmission and slave system networking. The host transmits the detonator scheme to the slave. If the detonator scheme is unchanged, it only needs to be transmitted once. If it is changed, it needs to be retransmitted. Then, the slave is networked and communicated. The host establishes a slave address information table.

[0063] S102: Slave network detection. The host broadcasts a network detection command. After receiving this broadcast command, the slave enters the network detection state.

[0064] S103: Slave password verification. The host broadcasts a password verification command. After receiving the broadcast command, the slave enters the password verification state.

[0065] S104: Slave charging: The master broadcasts a charging command. After receiving the broadcast command, the slave enters the charging state.

[0066] S105: Slave detonation inspection. The host broadcasts a detonation command. After receiving the broadcast command, the slave enters the detonation inspection state.

[0067] S106: Slave detonation. The host broadcasts a detonation command. After receiving the broadcast command, the slave device enters the synchronous detonation state and waits for the electronic detonator to complete the detonation.

[0068] This invention relates to constructing a complete wireless detonation system comprising electronic detonators, a wireless relay device, and a wireless detonation controller. In the application, the "master" refers to the "wireless detonation controller," and the "slave" refers to the "wireless relay." The master controls the slave to initiate a network detonation process for the electronic detonators carried on the slave's bus. The specific process steps are as follows:

[0069] System network communication: The host starts network communication with the slave, and the host establishes a slave address information table;

[0070] Slave Network Detection: The host broadcasts a network detection command. After receiving this broadcast command, the slave enters the network detection state. After the host finishes sending the broadcast command, it polls the working status of each slave according to its own stored slave address information table. When there is an abnormality in the working status information of the slave, the host reports the abnormality of each slave in real time.

[0071] After the slave device enters the network detection state, it will determine the detonator scheme, bus open circuit, short circuit, multiple detonator connections, missing connections, bus leakage, etc. If an abnormality is found, the network detection state will be stopped. When the host checks the slave device status, the abnormality will be reported to the host.

[0072] Slave password verification: The host broadcasts a password verification command. After receiving the broadcast command, the slave enters the password verification state. After the host finishes sending the broadcast command, it polls the working status of each slave according to its own stored slave address information table. When there is an abnormality in the working status information of the slave, the host reports the abnormality of each slave in real time.

[0073] After the slave device enters the password verification state, it judges the open circuit and short circuit abnormalities of the bus. If an abnormality occurs, the password verification state is stopped. When the master checks the slave device status, the abnormality is reported to the master.

[0074] Slave charging: The host broadcasts a charging command. After receiving the broadcast command, the slave enters the charging state. After the host finishes sending the broadcast command, it polls the working status of each slave according to its own stored slave address information table. When there is an abnormality in the working status information of the slave, the host reports the abnormality of each slave in real time.

[0075] After the slave device enters the charging state, it charges the electronic detonator. The slave device judges the bus open circuit, short circuit, detonator charging error, detonator password error, detonator delay error, and detonator charging missing connection abnormality. When an abnormality occurs, the password verification state is stopped. When the master checks the slave device status, the abnormality is reported to the master.

[0076] Slave detonation inspection: The host broadcasts a detonation inspection command. After receiving the broadcast command, the slave enters the detonation inspection state. After the host finishes sending the broadcast command, it polls the working status of each slave according to its own stored slave address information table. When there is an abnormality in the working status information of the slave, the host reports the abnormality of each slave in real time.

[0077] After the slave unit enters the detonation inspection state, it judges the abnormalities of open circuit, short circuit, and missing detonator connection on the bus. When an abnormality occurs, the password verification state is stopped. When the master unit queries the slave unit status, the abnormality is reported to the master unit.

[0078] Slave detonation: The main unit broadcasts a detonation command. After receiving the broadcast command, the slave unit enters the detonation state and waits for the electronic detonator to complete the detonation.

[0079] The wireless electronic detonator has a unique built-in ID. The host sends the encrypted and redundantly verified detonation command and precise delay information to the target slave device via wireless network, either by broadcast or multicast, thereby driving the electronic detonator group. The system uses wireless relay equipment to extend network coverage, eliminate communication blind spots, and ensures that all detonators are reliably detonated simultaneously or in a preset sequence within millisecond-level error through a precise time synchronization protocol.

[0080] like Figure 1 As shown, the host is the system control core, integrating a LoRa communication module, a storage module, and an interaction interface; the slave is the control core of the electronic detonator, employing a high-performance microprocessor and integrating a LoRa communication module, a storage module, a power management module, and a bus driver module; wireless communication between the host and slave is conducted through the LoRa communication module for data exchange.

[0081] The hardware architecture provided by this invention provides technical support for the software during use. The host, as the system control core, consists of a conventional Android handheld device and a wireless communication backplane. The wireless backplane uses a high-performance microprocessor, such as the STM32F1 series or higher based on the Cortex-M3 core, and integrates the following modules:

[0082] LoRa communication module: It adopts the SX1268 RF chip, operates in the ISM band, supports spread spectrum communication, has adjustable output power, and has a receiving sensitivity of -140dBm or less.

[0083] Storage module: Built-in large-capacity FLASH memory for storing device information and system configuration;

[0084] Interaction Interface: The conventional handheld device and the wireless backplane exchange data via a serial port.

[0085] The slave unit is the control core of the electronic detonator. The wireless relay uses a high-performance microprocessor, such as the STM32F1 series or higher based on the Cortex-M3 core, and integrates the following modules:

[0086] LoRa communication module: It adopts the SX1268 RF chip, operates in the ISM band, supports spread spectrum communication, has adjustable output power, and has a receiving sensitivity of -140dBm or less.

[0087] Storage module: Built-in large-capacity FLASH memory for storing device information, system configuration, detonator scheme, etc.;

[0088] Power management module: includes battery charging circuit, battery power detection circuit, and step-down circuit to ensure stable and continuous operation of wireless repeater;

[0089] Bus driver module: Controls the bus to perform network detonation, single-shot detection, line detection, and electrical performance detection of electronic detonators.

[0090] All communication in the system is initiated by the master, and the slave only responds passively. Slave active reporting or communication between slaves is strictly prohibited, which completely avoids network storms, data collisions and routing uncertainties, ensuring the determinism and predictability of command transmission. As the network scales up, the system stability will not decrease. The slave logic is greatly simplified, power consumption is lower, and cost is more favorable.

[0091] like Figure 1 As shown, the LoRa communication module includes the following communication methods:

[0092] S201: Broadcast communication, where the host sends a common command to all slave devices in the network via a broadcast address;

[0093] S202: On-demand communication, the host establishes a point-to-point connection with a specific slave device, performs device configuration, slave system status query, slave information reading, and slave single transmission, electrical performance, line detection and other operations;

[0094] S203: Multicast communication, the host broadcasts a common command, and then confirms the execution status of the slave device by requesting it.

[0095] The communication methods provided by this invention include broadcast communication, on-demand communication, and system networking communication;

[0096] The host sends public commands to all slave devices in the network via a broadcast address. These commands do not require a response from the slave devices and are classified as broadcast communication. When the host performs broadcast communication, it prevents the slave devices from not receiving the command. Generally, when the host performs broadcast communication, it will send the command multiple times to ensure that the command is delivered in a timely manner.

[0097] The host establishes a point-to-point connection with a specific slave device, performs device configuration, queries the slave device's system status, reads slave device information, and performs operations such as slave device single-transmission, electrical performance, and line testing. These commands are initiated by the host and responded to by the slave device. The host sends these commands and waits for the slave device's response within a specified time. If no response is received from the slave device within the time limit, multiple retries are performed. If no response is received from the slave device after multiple retries, the communication with the slave device is considered to have timed out.

[0098] Broadcast communication is used to issue public commands such as "Allow registration" and "Network detection", and multiple redundancy is used to ensure that all personnel receive the commands. On-demand communication is used to read, configure, and detect specific slave devices, and has a timeout retry mechanism. The importance of commands in the demolition scenario is classified, which not only ensures the coverage efficiency of public commands, but also ensures the reliability of the delivery of critical commands, greatly improving the communication success rate.

[0099] like Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the host allocates addresses to the slave in the following ways:

[0100] S301: Addresses are assigned via slave serial numbers (SNs). Each slave in the system has a unique 4-byte SN. The master assigns addresses to each slave via on-demand communication to complete the system's network communication.

[0101] S302: The host blindly searches for slave addresses and assigns them. This method is used to assign addresses to slaves when the slave SN code is unknown. After the host sends a broadcast command to allow registration, each slave responds with its own SN to the host after a different delay. The host saves the SN of each slave it receives and uses the saved slave SN to assign addresses to each slave. The host waits for the saved slave SNs to be assigned.

[0102] This invention provides two methods for the host to assign addresses to the slave device:

[0103] (1) Address allocation is performed by slave SN code. Each slave in the system has a unique 4-byte SN code. If the SN codes of all slaves are known, the master allocates addresses to each slave through on-demand communication to complete the system networking communication.

[0104] (2) The host blindly searches for slave addresses and assigns them. This method is used to assign addresses to slaves when the slave SN code is unknown. After the host sends a broadcast command to allow registration, each slave responds with its own SN to the host after a different delay. The host saves each slave SN it receives and uses the saved slave SN to assign addresses to each slave. The host waits for the saved slave SN to be assigned.

[0105] When the master performs a blind search for the slave, it will perform this operation multiple times until it does not receive a response from the slave for several consecutive rounds before determining that the blind search for the slave has ended.

[0106] like Figure 6 As shown, the host blind search method includes the following steps:

[0107] S401: After the host and slave systems establish network communication, the host broadcasts a blind search command for detonators. Upon receiving this command, the slave enters the blind search state for electronic detonators.

[0108] S402: After the host broadcasts the command, it polls the current status of the slave in real time, and the slave reports the current status and the total number of detonators found in the blind search.

[0109] S403: After the slave device completes the blind search for detonators, the master device actively reads the detonator data from the blind search, and the slave device reports the UID of the electronic detonator found by the blind search.

[0110] In this invention, during the blind search for electronic detonators by the host machine, after the host and slave systems establish network communication, the host broadcasts a blind search command. Upon receiving this command, the slave machine enters the blind search state. After the host finishes broadcasting the command, it polls the slave machine's current status in real time, and the slave machine reports its current status and the total number of detonators found. After the slave machine completes its blind search, the host actively reads the detonator data found by the slave machine, and the slave machine reports the UID of the electronic detonators found. If the number of electronic detonators is large, packet-based transmission is used.

[0111] like Figure 1 As shown, the system's status monitoring includes communication link status detection and slave device operating status monitoring. The communication link stability detection includes the following steps:

[0112] S501: The host can read the signal strength and signal-to-noise ratio of the slave device in real time;

[0113] S502: By repeatedly reading this type of data from the slave device, the number of successful communications and the number of timeouts are counted to calculate the packet loss rate;

[0114] S503: Finally, the stability of the communication link with each slave device is determined by the signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, and packet loss rate data.

[0115] The present invention provides a host that reads relevant parameters from slave devices via on-demand communication. The host queries the system status of the slave devices to monitor their system status. During communication link stability detection, the host can read the signal strength and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the slave devices in real time. By repeatedly reading this data from the slave devices and counting the number of successful and timeout communications, the packet loss rate is calculated. Finally, the stability of the communication link with each slave device is determined using the signal strength, SNR, and packet loss rate data.

[0116] like Figure 1 As shown, the method for monitoring the working status of the slave device includes the following steps:

[0117] S601: After the master completes the address allocation to the slave, it reads the slave's working status in real time. The slave's working status includes information such as slave process, slave process progress, slave power, slave error code, slave bus error code, slave bus voltage, and slave bus current.

[0118] S602: The host achieves real-time monitoring of the slave's status by acquiring the slave's working status information;

[0119] S603: Slave status monitoring runs through the entire network detonation process to obtain the status of each slave device in real time during the network detonation process.

[0120] In this invention, during slave device status monitoring, after the host completes address allocation to the slave device, it reads the slave device's operating status in real time. The slave device's operating status includes information such as slave device process, process progress, battery level, error codes, bus error codes, bus voltage, and bus current. The host achieves real-time slave device status monitoring by acquiring this information. Slave device status monitoring is conducted throughout the entire network detonation process to obtain the real-time status of each slave device during the process.

[0121] like Figure 9 As shown, the slave unit single-transmission, electrical performance, and line testing include the following steps:

[0122] S701: Slave Single-Shot Detection, used for slave detection of single-shot electronic detonators on the bus, and transmits the UID of the single-shot electronic detonator to the host for display, which can verify the identity of the single-shot electronic detonator;

[0123] S702: Electromechanical performance detection, used by the slave device to detect the electrical performance of a single electronic detonator on the bus, which can verify whether the current electronic detonator has the conditions for detonation. The slave device transmits the detection results and the detonator UID to the host device for display.

[0124] S703: Slave line detection, used by the master to control the slave to enable line detection, and to obtain the current voltage and current of the slave bus in real time, so as to confirm whether there are abnormalities such as short circuit or leakage in the current slave bus status.

[0125] The system provided by this invention has a complete detection mechanism to ensure detonation reliability;

[0126] Slave Single-Shot Detection: Used for slave detection of single-shot electronic detonators on the bus, and transmits the UID of the single-shot electronic detonator to the host for display, which can verify the identity of the single-shot electronic detonator.

[0127] Electromechanical performance testing: This function is used by the slave device to test the electrical performance of a single electronic detonator on the bus, verifying whether the current electronic detonator meets the detonation conditions. The slave device transmits the test results along with the detonator's UID to the master device for display.

[0128] Slave Line Detection: Used by the master to control the slave to enable line detection, and to obtain the current voltage and current of the slave bus in real time. It can confirm whether there are abnormalities such as short circuits or leakage in the current slave bus status.

[0129] like Figure 8 As shown, the synchronous detonation includes the following two modes:

[0130] S801: Slave high-performance mode. When the master controls the slave to detonate, it first broadcasts a detonation inspection command. After all slaves have completed the detonation inspection, the master broadcasts the detonation command. When a slave receives the detonation inspection command, it switches from normal working mode to high-performance mode so that it can efficiently receive the detonation command sent by the master after performing the detonation inspection.

[0131] S802: Slave time calibration mode. After the slave completes the detonation inspection, the master starts broadcasting 5 detonation commands. Each detonation command carries a countdown. The countdown carried by each detonation command is calculated in real time by the master in combination with the wireless transmission time and the task scheduling time, and then transmitted to the slave. After receiving a detonation command, the slave calibrates with the start time of the countdown carried by this detonation command and no longer responds to other detonation commands with different countdowns.

[0132] The synchronous detonation provided by this invention is to ensure the synchronous detonation accuracy of multiple slave devices when a master device controls multiple slave devices to execute detonation commands;

[0133] Slave High-Performance Mode: The master unit first broadcasts a detonation inspection command to control the slave units to initiate detonation. Only after all slave units have completed their detonation inspections will the master unit broadcast the detonation command. When a slave unit receives the detonation inspection command, it switches from normal operating mode to high-performance mode so that it can receive the detonation command from the master unit more efficiently after performing its own detonation inspection.

[0134] After the slave unit completes the detonation inspection, the main unit broadcasts five detonation commands.

[0135] Each detonation command carries a countdown timer. This countdown timer is calculated in real-time by the master unit based on the wireless transmission time and task scheduling time, and then transmitted to the slave unit. Upon receiving a detonation command, the slave unit calibrates itself using the countdown start time of that command and does not respond to other detonation commands with different countdowns. Once a slave unit receives any detonation command, it does not respond to subsequent commands. The slave unit begins counting down from the detonation command's countdown, and once the countdown is complete, it immediately detonates the electronic detonator.

[0136] In addition, the system supports multiple slave networking modes for a single host, adapting to different brute-force scenarios:

[0137] Single-slave star topology: One master unit controls one slave unit. This mode is suitable for small blasting sites.

[0138] Multi-slave chain networking: One master unit controls multiple slave units, which are distributed along a linear topology. This mode is suitable for linear projects, such as highways.

[0139] Multi-slave mesh networking: One master unit controls multiple slave units, which form a mesh topology. This mode is suitable for complex terrains, such as mines.

[0140] like Figure 10 As shown, the slave communication timeout / disconnection detection includes the following steps:

[0141] S901: The master unit queries the working status of the slave unit in real time through a heartbeat mechanism;

[0142] S902: The heartbeat mechanism is activated during the idle time of password verification, charging, detonation inspection, and detonation after the network test is completed. The time from the completion of the network test to the host not issuing a password verification command is called the idle time.

[0143] S903: During idle time, the host will activate the heartbeat mechanism to query all slaves stored in the slave address information table in the host. If there is no response from the slave after multiple queries of the slave status information, it is considered that the slave communication has timed out and disconnected.

[0144] In this invention, during slave communication timeout / disconnection detection, the host uses a heartbeat mechanism to query the slave's working status in real time. The heartbeat mechanism is only activated after the slave completes network formation detection. After network formation detection, the heartbeat mechanism is activated during idle periods such as password verification, charging, detonation inspection, and detonation. For example, the period from the completion of network formation detection until the host does not issue a password verification command can be called the idle period. During this idle period, the host will initiate a heartbeat polling of all slaves stored in the slave address information table. If multiple queries for the slave's status information result in no response, the slave is considered to have experienced a communication timeout / disconnection.

[0145] Working principle: The master unit controls the slave unit to initiate the network detonation process for the electronic detonators carried on the slave unit's bus. The specific steps are as follows:

[0146] System network communication: The host starts network communication with the slave, and the host establishes a slave address information table;

[0147] Slave Network Detection: The host broadcasts a network detection command. After receiving this broadcast command, the slave enters the network detection state. After the host finishes sending the broadcast command, it polls the working status of each slave according to its own stored slave address information table. When there is an abnormality in the working status information of the slave, the host reports the abnormality of each slave in real time.

[0148] After the slave device enters the network detection state, it will determine the detonator scheme, bus open circuit, short circuit, multiple detonator connections, missing connections, bus leakage, etc. If an abnormality is found, the network detection state will be stopped. When the host checks the slave device status, the abnormality will be reported to the host.

[0149] Slave password verification: The host broadcasts a password verification command. After receiving the broadcast command, the slave enters the password verification state. After the host finishes sending the broadcast command, it polls the working status of each slave according to its own stored slave address information table. When there is an abnormality in the working status information of the slave, the host reports the abnormality of each slave in real time.

[0150] After the slave device enters the password verification state, it judges the open circuit and short circuit abnormalities of the bus. If an abnormality occurs, the password verification state is stopped. When the master checks the slave device status, the abnormality is reported to the master.

[0151] Slave charging: The host broadcasts a charging command. After receiving the broadcast command, the slave enters the charging state. After the host finishes sending the broadcast command, it polls the working status of each slave according to its own stored slave address information table. When there is an abnormality in the working status information of the slave, the host reports the abnormality of each slave in real time.

[0152] After the slave device enters the charging state, it charges the electronic detonator. The slave device judges the bus open circuit, short circuit, detonator charging error, detonator password error, detonator delay error, and detonator charging missing connection abnormality. When an abnormality occurs, the password verification state is stopped. When the master checks the slave device status, the abnormality is reported to the master.

[0153] Slave Detonation Inspection: The host broadcasts the detonation command. After receiving the broadcast command, the slave enters the detonation inspection state. After the host finishes sending the broadcast command, it polls the working status of each slave according to its own stored slave address information table. When there is an abnormality in the working status information of the slave, the host reports the abnormality of each slave in real time.

[0154] After the slave unit enters the detonation inspection state, it judges the abnormalities of open circuit, short circuit, and missing detonator connection on the bus. When an abnormality occurs, the password verification state is stopped. When the master unit queries the slave unit status, the abnormality is reported to the master unit.

[0155] Slave detonation: The main unit broadcasts a detonation command. After receiving the broadcast command, the slave unit enters the detonation state and waits for the electronic detonator to complete the detonation.

[0156] The wireless electronic detonator has a unique built-in ID. The host sends the encrypted and redundantly verified detonation command and precise delay information to the target slave device via wireless network, either by broadcast or multicast, thereby driving the electronic detonator group. The system uses wireless relay equipment to extend network coverage, eliminate communication blind spots, and ensures that all detonators are reliably detonated simultaneously or in a preset sequence within millisecond-level error through a precise time synchronization protocol.

[0157] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A wireless electronic detonator initiation system based on LoRa communication technology, comprising a hardware architecture and a software architecture, wherein the hardware architecture includes a master unit and a slave unit; the software architecture is used for slave unit detonator scheme transmission, network initiation, detonator detection, communication link stability detection, and slave unit operating status monitoring; characterized in that: The network detonation control of the electronic detonator specifically includes the following steps: S101: Slave detonator scheme transmission and slave system networking. The host transmits the detonator scheme to the slave. If the detonator scheme is unchanged, it only needs to be transmitted once. If it is changed, it needs to be retransmitted. Then, the slave is networked and communicated. The host establishes a slave address information table. S102: Slave network detection. The host broadcasts a network detection command. After receiving this broadcast command, the slave enters the network detection state. S103: Slave password verification. The host broadcasts a password verification command. After receiving the broadcast command, the slave enters the password verification state. S104: Slave charging: The master broadcasts a charging command. After receiving the broadcast command, the slave enters the charging state. S105: Slave detonation inspection. The host broadcasts a detonation inspection command. After receiving the broadcast command, the slave enters the detonation inspection state. S106: Slave detonation. The host broadcasts a detonation command. After receiving the broadcast command, the slave device enters the synchronous detonation state and waits for the electronic detonator to complete the detonation.

2. The wireless electronic detonator initiation system based on LoRa communication technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The host is the system control core, integrating a LoRa communication module, a storage module, and an interaction interface; the slave is the control core of the electronic detonator, employing a high-performance microprocessor and integrating a LoRa communication module, a storage module, a power management module, and a bus driver module; wireless communication between the host and slave is conducted through the LoRa communication module.

3. The wireless electronic detonator initiation system based on LoRa communication technology according to claim 2, characterized in that: The LoRa communication module can communicate in the following ways: S201: Broadcast communication, where the host sends a common command to all slave devices in the network via a broadcast address; S202: On-demand communication, the host establishes a point-to-point connection with a specific slave device, performs device configuration, slave system status query, slave information reading, and slave single transmission, electrical performance, line detection and other operations; S203: Multicast communication, the host broadcasts a common command, and then confirms the execution status of the slave device by requesting it.

4. The wireless electronic detonator initiation system based on LoRa communication technology according to claim 3, characterized in that: The host assigns addresses to the slave in the following ways: S301: Addresses are assigned via slave serial numbers (SNs). Each slave in the system has a unique 4-byte SN. The master assigns addresses to each slave via on-demand communication to complete the system's network communication. S302: The host blindly searches for slave addresses and assigns them. This method is used to assign addresses to slaves when the slave serial number (SN) is unknown. After the host sends a broadcast command to allow registration, each slave responds with its own SN after a different delay. The host saves the SN of each slave it receives and uses the saved SN to assign addresses to each slave, waiting for the allocation of the saved SNs to be completed.

5. A wireless electronic detonator initiation system based on LoRa communication technology according to claim 4, characterized in that: The host blind search method includes the following steps: S401: After the host and slave systems establish network communication, the host broadcasts a blind search command for detonators. Upon receiving this command, the slave enters the blind search state for electronic detonators. S402: After the host broadcasts the command, it polls the current status of the slave in real time, and the slave reports the current status and the total number of detonators found in the blind search. S403: After the slave device completes the blind search for detonators, the master device actively reads the detonator data from the blind search, and the slave device reports the UID of the electronic detonator found by the blind search.

6. A wireless electronic detonator initiation system based on LoRa communication technology according to claim 5, characterized in that: The system's status monitoring includes communication link status detection and slave device operating status monitoring. The communication link stability detection includes the following steps: S501: The host can read the signal strength and signal-to-noise ratio of the slave device in real time; S502: By repeatedly reading this type of data from the slave device, the number of successful communications and the number of timeouts are counted to calculate the packet loss rate; S503: Finally, the stability of the communication link with each slave device is determined by the signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, and packet loss rate data.

7. A wireless electronic detonator initiation system based on LoRa communication technology according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method for monitoring the working status of the slave device includes the following steps: S601: After the master completes the address allocation to the slave, it reads the slave's working status in real time. The slave's working status includes information such as slave process, slave process progress, slave power, slave error code, slave bus error code, slave bus voltage, and slave bus current. S602: The host achieves real-time monitoring of the slave's status by acquiring the slave's working status information; S603: Slave status monitoring runs through the entire network detonation process to obtain the status of each slave device in real time during the network detonation process.

8. A wireless electronic detonator initiation system based on LoRa communication technology according to claim 7, characterized in that: The slave unit single-transmission, electrical performance, and line testing include the following steps: S701: Slave Single-Shot Detection, used for slave detection of single-shot electronic detonators on the bus, and transmits the UID of the single-shot electronic detonator to the host for display, which can verify the identity of the single-shot electronic detonator; S702: Electromechanical performance detection, used by the slave device to detect the electrical performance of a single electronic detonator on the bus, which can verify whether the current electronic detonator has the conditions for detonation. The slave device transmits the detection results and the detonator UID to the host device for display. S703: Slave line detection, used by the master to control the slave to enable line detection, and to obtain the current voltage and current of the slave bus in real time, so as to confirm whether there are abnormalities such as short circuit or leakage in the current slave bus status.

9. A wireless electronic detonator initiation system based on LoRa communication technology according to claim 8, characterized in that: The synchronous detonation includes the following two modes: S801: Slave high-performance mode. When the master controls the slave to detonate, it first broadcasts a detonation inspection command. After all slaves have completed the detonation inspection, the master broadcasts the detonation command. When a slave receives the detonation inspection command, it switches from normal working mode to high-performance mode so that it can efficiently receive the detonation command sent by the master after performing the detonation inspection. S802: Slave time calibration mode. After the slave completes the detonation inspection, the master starts broadcasting 5 detonation commands. Each detonation command carries a countdown. The countdown carried by each detonation command is calculated in real time by the master in combination with the wireless transmission time and the task scheduling time, and then transmitted to the slave. After receiving a detonation command, the slave calibrates with the start time of the countdown carried by this detonation command and no longer responds to other detonation commands with different countdowns.

10. A wireless electronic detonator initiation system based on LoRa communication technology according to claim 9, characterized in that: The slave communication timeout and disconnection detection includes the following steps: S901: The master unit queries the working status of the slave unit in real time through a heartbeat mechanism; S902: The heartbeat mechanism is activated during the idle time of password verification, charging, detonation inspection, and detonation after the network test is completed. The time from the completion of the network test to the host not issuing a password verification command is called the idle time. S903: During idle time, the host will activate the heartbeat mechanism to query all slaves stored in the slave address information table in the host. If there is no response from the slave after multiple queries of the slave status information, it is considered that the slave communication has timed out and disconnected.

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