Control method and system of intelligent switch

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of switch control, and particularly discloses a control method and system of an intelligent switch, and the method comprises the steps: recognizing the type, attribute and operation state of a load based on electrical characteristic data and a power time sequence; monitoring a circuit load rate and triggering early overload early warning; when a new load requests to access, performing trial access and calculating power overshoot; monitoring the operation health degree of the connected load, and evaluating the power-on priority in combination with the category and state of the load; and performing low-load regulation and control on the connected load according to a sequence of the priorities from low to high in combination with load attributes, if power overshoot is met, officially accessing a new load, otherwise, refusing to access and sending out a prompt, and re-accessing the new load when conditions are met. According to the invention, intelligent identification, early warning, health degree evaluation and dynamic priority regulation and control of the load are realized, the safety, stability and energy efficiency of household electricity utilization are improved, and the method is suitable for intelligent management scenes of various household electrical appliance loads.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of switch control, and specifically to a control method and system for an intelligent switch. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of smart homes, the number of household electrical appliances is increasing, making the complexity and security issues of circuit load management more prominent. Traditional circuit switches typically only have simple on / off functions or overload protection based on fixed thresholds, lacking the ability to intelligently identify and dynamically adjust load types.

[0003] While some smart switches in the current technology can monitor total power or current, they still have significant shortcomings in load type identification, operating status judgment, and multi-load coordinated control.

[0004] For example, existing solutions often cannot distinguish between adaptive loads (such as inverter air conditioners) and switch-controlled loads (such as incandescent lamps), making it difficult to implement differentiated power regulation strategies based on load characteristics. At the same time, they lack early warning mechanisms for early circuit overload and the ability to dynamically adjust priorities, which can easily lead to circuit tripping or equipment damage, affecting power safety and user experience.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an intelligent switch control method that can intelligently identify load type and status, dynamically assess priorities, and perform coordinated regulation to improve the safety, stability, and energy efficiency of household electricity use. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, a control method and system for an intelligent switch are proposed.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is as follows: Firstly, the present invention provides a control method for an intelligent switch, comprising the following steps: S1, based on electrical characteristic data and power timing, identifying the type, attributes and operating state of the load connected to the switch, wherein the attributes include adaptive type and switch control type, and the operating state includes full power state and sustaining state.

[0008] S2. Monitor the current load rate of the circuit and determine whether an early warning of overload is triggered. If the warning is triggered, proceed to step S3; otherwise, return to step S1.

[0009] S3. When a request for access from the next load is detected, the load is tested for access. The power information of the load is obtained at the moment of access and then the connection is disconnected. The power overshoot is calculated based on the power information.

[0010] S4. Monitor the operational health of connected loads and, based on their category and operational status, assess the power-on priority of each connected load.

[0011] S5. According to the power-on priority from low to high, and combined with the load attributes, perform low-load regulation on the connected load. If the power overshoot is met after regulation, then the next load is officially connected. Otherwise, the next load is refused to be connected, an overload warning is issued, and the circuit load rate is continuously monitored. When the conditions are met, the next load is reconnected.

[0012] Secondly, the present invention also provides a control system for an intelligent switch, comprising: a device identification module, which identifies the type, attributes and operating state of the load connected to the switch based on electrical characteristic data and power timing, wherein the attributes include adaptive type and switch control type, and the operating state includes full power state and sustaining state.

[0013] The early warning module monitors the current load rate of the circuit and determines whether an early overload warning has been triggered. If the warning is triggered, the overload calculation module is executed.

[0014] The overload calculation module, when it detects that a next load requests to connect, performs a trial connection for the load, obtains its power information at the moment of connection, disconnects the connection, and calculates the power overshoot based on the power information.

[0015] The priority assessment module monitors the operational health of connected loads and, based on their category and operational status, assesses the power-on priority of each connected load.

[0016] The collaborative control module adjusts the connected loads according to the power-on priority from low to high, taking into account the load attributes. If the power overshoot is met after adjustment, the next load is officially connected; otherwise, the next load is refused, an overload warning is issued, and the circuit load rate is continuously monitored. The next load is reconnected when the conditions are met.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The present invention can accurately identify the type, attributes and operating status of the load by collecting the electrical characteristic data and power timing of the load and comparing them with the pre-stored database, thereby providing a basis for subsequent intelligent control.

[0018] 2. This invention can provide early warning before the circuit is overloaded by real-time monitoring of the circuit load rate and comparing it with a set threshold, thus avoiding tripping or equipment damage caused by sudden overload.

[0019] 3. This invention evaluates the health of load operation based on parameters such as total harmonic distortion rate and line temperature rise rate, providing an objective basis for power-on priority assessment and enhancing the system's ability to identify and handle abnormal loads.

[0020] 4. This invention comprehensively considers multiple factors such as load importance, operating status, and operating health to dynamically generate a power supply priority sequence, ensuring that critical loads are given priority power supply and improving the rationality of power consumption and system resilience.

[0021] 5. This invention adopts differentiated low-load control strategies such as disconnection, power reduction, or intermittent operation based on load attributes and operating status, so as to maintain load function as much as possible while ensuring power safety and improving user experience. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a system module connection diagram of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent switch assembly of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve its intended purpose, the following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, details the specific implementation, structure, features, and effects of a control method and system for an intelligent switch according to the present invention. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "another embodiment" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments can be combined in any suitable form.

[0027] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0028] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, details the specific scheme of the control method and system for an intelligent switch provided by the present invention.

[0029] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the first aspect of the present invention provides a control method for an intelligent switch, comprising the following steps: Step S1, based on electrical characteristic data and power timing, identifying the type, attributes and operating state of the load connected to the switch, wherein the attributes include adaptive type and switch control type, and the operating state includes full power state and sustaining state.

[0030] In one embodiment of the present invention, before implementing control, the smart switch first needs to identify the load connected to it to determine the load's category, attributes, and operating status. The load category refers to the specific type of load, such as an air conditioner or a refrigerator; the load attributes distinguish whether it is an adaptive load or a switch-controlled load, which directly affects subsequent control strategies; and the load's operating status reflects whether it is currently operating at full power or in a maintenance state. Comprehensive load identification provides accurate basis for subsequent overload warnings and load control.

[0031] Considering that different types of loads exhibit different electrical characteristics during startup and operation, such as startup current waveform, power factor, and harmonic distortion rate, these characteristics are category-specific. Therefore, by collecting the electrical characteristic data of the load and comparing it with the typical electrical characteristics of various loads pre-stored in a database, the load category can be accurately identified.

[0032] Based on this, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for identifying load categories includes: collecting electrical characteristic data of the load connected to the switch, wherein the electrical characteristic data includes the waveform, peak value, rise time, total harmonic distortion, voltage-current trajectory, power factor, and steady-state power of the starting current.

[0033] The electrical characteristic data is compared with the electrical characteristic data corresponding to each load category pre-stored in the database, and classified according to numerical type characteristics and curve type characteristics.

[0034] Based on the comparison results, the number of matching feature items between the load and each load category is counted.

[0035] The load category with the most matching feature items is determined as the load category.

[0036] It should be noted that the high-precision sensor integrated into the switch collects electrical characteristic data of the load connected to the switch.

[0037] It should be noted that the switch is an independent branch switch installed on each circuit branch inside the home, and the load is a household appliance, such as a refrigerator, air conditioner, microwave oven, washing machine, rice cooker, or incandescent light bulb.

[0038] It should be noted that the sensors include, but are not limited to, current sensors, voltage sensors, etc.

[0039] It should be noted that the electrical characteristic data of the loads connected to the switch are based on existing mature technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0040] It should be noted that the specific process of classifying and comparing the electrical characteristic data with the electrical characteristic data corresponding to each load category pre-stored in the database is as follows: the sub-items of the electrical characteristic data are divided into numerical type sub-items and curve type sub-items. The numerical type sub-items include the peak value of the starting current, the rise time of the starting current, the total harmonic distortion rate, the power factor and the steady-state power. The curve type sub-items include the waveform of the starting current and the voltage-current trajectory.

[0041] For numerical type sub-items, if the value of the characteristic sub-item of the load falls within the value range of the characteristic sub-item corresponding to a certain load category, then the characteristic sub-item of the load is determined to match the load category; otherwise, it is determined to be a mismatch.

[0042] For curve-type sub-items, if the shape similarity between the feature sub-item of the load and the feature sub-item corresponding to a certain load category is greater than or equal to a set shape similarity threshold, then the feature sub-item of the load is determined to match the load category; otherwise, it is determined to be a mismatch.

[0043] It should be noted that the shape similarity threshold can be set based on commonly used image or curve matching algorithms in the field, and the value range is usually 0.8-0.95.

[0044] After identifying the type of load, its attributes can be further distinguished based on its electrical characteristic data, i.e., whether it is an adaptive load or a switch-controlled load.

[0045] Adaptive loads and switch-controlled loads differ significantly in their electrical characteristics. For example, adaptive loads typically exhibit a smooth start-up current rise, a high power factor, and continuously varying steady-state power; while switch-controlled loads show a step-like start-up current, a lower power factor, and constant or step-like steady-state power. By extracting and comparing the electrical characteristics of the load with the typical characteristics of the two types of loads, its properties can be determined.

[0046] Based on this, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for identifying load attributes includes: extracting typical electrical characteristics corresponding to switch-controlled loads and adaptive loads stored in the database, wherein the typical electrical characteristics include starting current waveform, starting current rise time, total harmonic distortion rate, power factor and steady-state power dynamic characteristics, wherein the steady-state power dynamic characteristics include constant, step change and continuous change.

[0047] Based on the electrical characteristic data of the load, the number of sub-items that match the typical electrical characteristics of the switch-controlled load and the typical electrical characteristics of the adaptive load are counted respectively.

[0048] The load attributes that have a large number of typical feature sub-items that match the load are identified as the attributes of the load.

[0049] It should be noted that switch-controlled loads typically need to operate at or near their rated power, while adaptive loads can operate at power levels below their rated power.

[0050] It should be noted that the method for obtaining the number of sub-items that match the typical electrical characteristics of the load and the typical electrical characteristics of the adaptive load is based on the same principle as the method for obtaining the number of matching feature sub-items of the load and each load category.

[0051] As an example, the typical electrical characteristics of a switch-controlled load are as follows: (1) Start-up current waveform: At the moment of startup, the current jumps almost vertically from zero to the peak value, and the waveform edge is steep; (2) Start-up current rise time: extremely short, in the millisecond range; (3) Total harmonic distortion rate: relatively low; (4) Power factor: low, usually between 0.3 and 0.5; (5) Steady-state power dynamic characteristics: exhibit constant or step change.

[0052] As an example, the typical electrical characteristics of an adaptive load are as follows: (1) Start-up current waveform: The current rises in a relatively smooth, sloping manner at the moment of startup; (2) Start-up current rise time: It is relatively long, ranging from hundreds of milliseconds to several seconds; (3) Total harmonic distortion rate: It is relatively high; (4) Power factor: It is very high, usually greater than 0.95; (5) Steady-state power dynamic characteristics: It exhibits continuous changes.

[0053] As a simplified example, assume the electrical characteristics of the load connected to the switch are as follows: (1) Starting current waveform: rises smoothly in a ramp-like manner; (2) Starting current rise time: reaches peak value in about 2 seconds; (3) Starting current peak value: 1.5 times the rated operating current; (4) Steady-state power: changes slowly and continuously between 300W and 1200W; (5) Power factor: always greater than 0.98 in steady state; (6) Total harmonic distortion: up to 30%, rich in odd harmonics; (7) Voltage-current trajectory: close to a straight line, but with a small circular distortion. Based on the above characteristics, the load can be identified as a variable frequency air conditioner, its type is air conditioner, and its attribute is adaptive load.

[0054] After determining the attributes of the load, its current operating status can be further judged based on its attributes and real-time power data.

[0055] For switch-controlled loads, they typically operate near their rated power, and therefore can be directly identified as being in full-power mode. For adaptive loads, their power can be adjusted over a wider range. It is necessary to comprehensively determine whether they are in full-power mode or maintenance mode based on the ratio of their current average power to their rated power, as well as the power fluctuation, so as to provide status information for subsequent priority assessment and control.

[0056] Based on this, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for identifying the operating state of a load includes: obtaining the attributes of the load.

[0057] If the load is a switch-controlled type, its operating state is directly determined to be full power state.

[0058] If the load is adaptive, its operating state is determined by the following steps: the peak power of the load during steady-state operation is determined as its rated power.

[0059] Collect the power time-series data of the load within the current time window, and calculate the average power and power fluctuation amplitude based on the power time-series data.

[0060] If any of the following conditions are met: (a) the ratio of the average power to the rated power is within a preset high ratio range.

[0061] (b) The power fluctuation amplitude is less than the preset amplitude threshold.

[0062] Then the current operating state of the load is determined to be full power.

[0063] If any of the following conditions are met: (c) the ratio of the average power to the rated power is within a preset low ratio range.

[0064] (d) The power fluctuation amplitude is greater than or equal to the amplitude threshold.

[0065] Then the current operating state of the load is determined to be the maintenance state.

[0066] In one specific embodiment, when the load is in full power mode, its average power is in the range of 70% to 100% of the rated power; when the load is in sustain mode, its average power is in the range of 10% to 40% of the rated power.

[0067] It should be noted that after obtaining the category, attributes, and operating status of the load connected to the switch, load tag information is generated and sent to the switch's main control terminal.

[0068] After identifying the type, attributes, and operating status of the load, the intelligent switch system can monitor the circuit load rate based on the overall situation of the currently connected loads, and then determine whether to trigger an early warning of overload.

[0069] Step S2: Monitor the current load rate of the circuit and determine whether an early warning of overload is triggered. If the warning is triggered, proceed to step S3; otherwise, return to step S1.

[0070] Based on load identification, real-time monitoring of the circuit's load status is crucial for preventing overload and ensuring electrical safety. This invention calculates the current load rate of the circuit by comparing the ratio between the current total power of the circuit and the pre-stored maximum safe power, and compares it with a preset load rate threshold. This triggers an early warning when the circuit is close to full load, allowing processing time for subsequent load access control.

[0071] Based on the number of currently connected loads and the power of each load, the current total power of the circuit can be accurately calculated. Combined with the pre-stored maximum safe power of the circuit in the database (this value is usually determined based on factors such as line specifications and circuit breaker capacity), the current load rate, reflecting the circuit's load level, can be calculated. By comparing the current load rate with a set threshold, early warning of overload can be achieved, preventing the circuit from tripping or being damaged due to sudden load connections.

[0072] Based on this, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for determining whether an early warning of overload is triggered includes: calculating the current total power of the circuit based on the number of loads currently connected to the circuit and the power of each load.

[0073] Retrieve the maximum safe power of the circuit pre-stored in the database.

[0074] Calculate the ratio between the current total power and the maximum safe power to obtain the current load rate of the circuit.

[0075] The current load rate is compared with the set load rate threshold.

[0076] If the current load rate is greater than or equal to the load rate threshold, an early warning for overload is triggered; otherwise, no warning is triggered.

[0077] It should be noted that the load rate threshold can be set according to the circuit's safety margin and the user's tolerance, and is usually 70%-85% of the maximum safe power.

[0078] When the current load rate of the circuit triggers an early warning of overload, it indicates that the circuit margin is insufficient. If a new load request is received at this time, the overload calculation and load control process needs to be started.

[0079] Step S3: When a new load is detected to request access, the load is tested for access. The power information of the load is obtained at the moment of access and then the connection is disconnected. The power overshoot is calculated based on the power information.

[0080] After an overload warning is triggered, if a new load requests to connect, direct connection may cause circuit overload. Therefore, this invention employs a trial connection strategy, connecting the load for a very short time (e.g., milliseconds) to obtain its power information, and then immediately disconnecting it. Based on the obtained power information, the power overshoot caused by the connection of the load can be calculated, that is, the portion of its power exceeding the circuit's remaining power capacity, thereby quantitatively assessing the overload risk to the circuit caused by connecting the load.

[0081] Trial connection allows for the rapid determination of the power of the load to be connected without substantially impacting the circuit or load. By combining the current load rate with the maximum safe power of the circuit, the remaining power capacity can be calculated. Comparing the power of the load to be connected with the remaining power capacity yields the power overshoot. This value provides a precise data basis for subsequent decisions on whether connection is permitted and how to adjust existing loads.

[0082] Based on this, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for calculating the power overshoot includes: calculating the remaining power capacity of the circuit based on the current load rate of the circuit and the maximum safe power of the circuit.

[0083] The difference between the power of the next load and the remaining power capacity is the power overshoot of the circuit.

[0084] It should be noted that the trial access operation has an extremely short duration (e.g., less than 100 milliseconds) and can be protected by a current-limiting circuit, making it suitable for most resistive, inductive, and capacitive household loads. For the very few loads that are not suitable for instantaneous switching, they can be excluded from the trial access strategy through manual user settings or system learning.

[0085] After calculating the power overshoot, connecting the load means adjusting the currently connected loads to release sufficient power capacity. Therefore, the operating status and importance of the connected loads need to be assessed to determine the order of adjustments.

[0086] Step S4: Monitor the operational health of the connected loads, and assess the power-on priority of each connected load based on its category and operating status.

[0087] To minimize the impact on user experience while ensuring circuit safety, load adjustments must be prioritized. This invention determines the order of adjustments by evaluating the power-on priority of each connected load. The power-on priority evaluation comprehensively considers factors such as the importance of the load, its current operating status, and its operational health, ensuring that loads that are of high importance, operating at full power, and in good condition are given priority in receiving power.

[0088] Users may have different preconceived notions about the importance of different loads; for example, refrigerators and lighting might be more important than entertainment equipment. The operating state of a load (full power or sustaining power) reflects its current workload; operational health reflects the electrical condition of the load and its circuitry. By integrating these factors, a multi-dimensional evaluation system can be constructed to prioritize each connected load.

[0089] Based on this, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for obtaining the operational health of the connected load includes: obtaining the highest value of the total harmonic distortion rate of the connected load since it was connected.

[0090] Obtain the average temperature rise rate of the branch line where the connected load is located.

[0091] Calculate the reciprocal of the highest total harmonic distortion rate and the reciprocal of the average temperature rise rate.

[0092] The two reciprocals are summed to obtain the operational health of the connected load.

[0093] When assessing priorities, the importance level of each load is first determined based on user-preset or default rules; then, different additional scores are assigned based on the operating status of the load; finally, operating health is introduced as an adjustment factor to ensure that loads with poor electrical condition are given priority during regulation.

[0094] Operational health can be assessed by monitoring parameters such as load harmonic distortion rate and line temperature rise. High harmonic distortion rate or excessively rapid temperature rise may indicate potential problems with the load or line. Including these in the priority assessment allows for prioritizing the reduction or disconnection of loads in poor operating condition during regulation, which helps alleviate circuit stress and also serves as a safety precaution.

[0095] Based on this, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the evaluation method for power-on priority includes: F1, matching the importance level of each connected load according to the importance level corresponding to each load category preset by the user.

[0096] The connected loads are sorted in descending order of importance to obtain the first sequence.

[0097] F2. Based on the preset additional scores corresponding to each operating state, determine the additional score for each connected load, where the additional score corresponding to the full power state is higher than the additional score corresponding to the maintenance state.

[0098] The connected loads are sorted in descending order of their additional scores to obtain the second sequence.

[0099] F3. Determine the power-on priority score for each connected load based on the preset power-on priority score corresponding to different operating health ranges.

[0100] The connected loads are sorted in descending order of their power-on priority scores to obtain the third sequence.

[0101] F4. Accumulate the sequence number of each connected load in the first sequence, second sequence, and third sequence respectively to obtain the cumulative sequence number value of each load.

[0102] The connected loads are sorted in ascending order of their cumulative serial number values, with the load with the lowest cumulative serial number value having the highest power-on priority. This is how the power-on priority ranking of the connected loads is obtained.

[0103] It should be noted that if the user has not pre-set the importance level corresponding to each load category, all connected loads will be treated as having the same importance level and will be assigned the same sequence number in the first sequence.

[0104] It should be noted that the higher the operational health of the load, the higher its corresponding power-on priority score.

[0105] After obtaining the power-on priority ranking of each connected load, the loads with lower priority can be controlled in order from low to high, based on their attributes, to release power capacity and meet the needs of the loads to be connected.

[0106] Step S5: According to the power-on priority from low to high, and combined with the load attributes, perform low-load regulation on the connected loads. If the power overshoot is met after regulation, then the next load is officially connected. Otherwise, the next load is refused to be connected, an overload warning is issued, and the circuit load rate is continuously monitored. When the conditions are met, the next load is reconnected.

[0107] Based on the assessed power-on priority, this invention begins regulation with the lowest priority load. The regulation strategy is differentiated according to the load's attributes (adaptive or switch-controlled) and its operating state. Through step-by-step regulation, the circuit's power capacity is gradually released until the power demand of the load to be connected is met. If the demand still cannot be met after all reasonable regulation, connection is refused for safety reasons, and the user is notified. Simultaneously, the circuit status is continuously monitored, and the circuit will automatically retry when conditions permit.

[0108] For switch-controlled loads, if their operational health is poor, direct disconnection can be considered to quickly release power, and the impact on their function is relatively controllable (as they typically lack power regulation capabilities). For adaptive loads, flexible control methods such as reducing power (in full-power mode) or intermittent operation (in sustain mode) are adopted according to their operating state, reducing power consumption while maintaining their basic functions as much as possible. This differentiated control method achieves a balance between ensuring circuit safety and optimizing user experience.

[0109] Based on this, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the specific process of step S5 includes: S51, obtaining the attributes and operating status of each connected load in order of power-on priority from low to high: if the load is a switch-controlled type and its operating health is lower than a preset threshold, then the load is cut off to perform low load regulation.

[0110] If the load is adaptive and in full-power mode, then low-load regulation is performed by reducing power.

[0111] If the load is adaptive and in a maintenance state, then low-load regulation is performed by intermittent operation.

[0112] S52. After performing low-load regulation on the lowest priority connected load, recalculate the circuit's load rate and remaining power capacity.

[0113] If the remaining power capacity after adjustment meets the power overshoot, then the next load is officially connected; otherwise, step S53 is executed.

[0114] S53. Continue to execute the control process in step S51 on the next lowest priority connected load.

[0115] In this order, the lower priority connected loads are adjusted one by one until the power overshoot is met, and then the next load is formally connected.

[0116] S54. If the power overshoot cannot be met after low-load regulation of all connected loads, the next load will be refused, an overload warning will be issued, and the circuit load rate will be continuously monitored. When the power overshoot is met, the next load will be tried again.

[0117] See Figure 2 As shown, a second aspect of the present invention provides a control system for an intelligent switch, including a device identification module, an early warning module, an overload calculation module, a priority evaluation module, and a collaborative control module.

[0118] The early warning module is connected to the device identification module and the overload calculation module, respectively, and the priority evaluation module is connected to the overload calculation module and the collaborative control module, respectively.

[0119] The device identification module is used to identify the type, attributes and operating status of the load connected to the switch based on electrical characteristic data and power timing. The attributes include adaptive type and switch control type, and the operating status includes full power state and sustaining state.

[0120] The early warning module is used to monitor the current load rate of the circuit and determine whether an overload early warning is triggered. If the warning is triggered, the overload calculation module is executed.

[0121] The overload calculation module is used to perform a trial connection of the load when a request for connection is detected, obtain its power information at the moment of connection, disconnect the connection, and calculate the power overshoot based on the power information.

[0122] The priority evaluation module is used to monitor the operational health of connected loads and, in combination with their category and operating status, evaluate the power-on priority of each connected load.

[0123] The collaborative control module is used to adjust the connected loads according to the power-on priority from low to high, combined with the load attributes. If the power overshoot is met after adjustment, the next load is officially connected. Otherwise, the next load is refused to be connected, an overload warning is issued, and the circuit load rate is continuously monitored. The next load is reconnected when the conditions are met.

[0124] In this embodiment, the present invention performs a momentary trial access to the newly requested load and obtains its power information, calculates the power overshoot, and provides a quantitative basis for whether to allow access, thereby improving the accuracy and security of access decisions.

[0125] In this embodiment, the present invention effectively avoids overload, optimizes load operation status, extends equipment life, and improves the overall safety and energy efficiency of household power systems through intelligent identification, early warning, priority assessment and coordinated control.

[0126] In summary, this invention identifies the type, attributes, and operating status of loads based on electrical characteristic data and power timing; monitors circuit load rate and triggers early overload warnings; when a new load requests connection, it performs a trial connection and calculates the power overshoot; it monitors the operating health of existing loads and assesses power-on priority based on their type and status; according to priority from low to high, it performs low-load regulation on existing loads based on load attributes; if the power overshoot is met, the new load is officially connected; otherwise, connection is rejected and a prompt is issued, and the new load is reconnected when the conditions are met. This invention achieves intelligent load identification, early warning, health assessment, and dynamic priority regulation, improving the safety, stability, and energy efficiency of household electricity use, and is suitable for intelligent management scenarios of various household appliance loads.

[0127] It should be noted that the order of the above embodiments of the present invention is merely for descriptive purposes and does not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments. The processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require a specific or sequential order to achieve the desired result. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0128] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

Claims

1. A control method for an intelligent switch, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Based on electrical characteristic data and power timing, identify the type, attributes and operating status of the load connected to the switch. The attributes include adaptive type and switch control type, and the operating status includes full power state and sustaining state. S2. Monitor the current load rate of the circuit and determine whether an early warning of overload is triggered. If the warning is triggered, proceed to step S3; otherwise, return to step S1. S3. When a request for access from the next load is detected, the load is tested for access. The power information of the load is obtained at the moment of access and then the connection is disconnected. The power overshoot is calculated based on the power information. S4. Monitor the operational health of connected loads, and assess the power-on priority of each connected load based on its category and operating status. S5. According to the power-on priority from low to high, and combined with the load attributes, perform low-load regulation on the connected load. If the power overshoot is met after regulation, then the next load is officially connected. Otherwise, the next load is refused to be connected, an overload warning is issued, and the circuit load rate is continuously monitored. When the conditions are met, the next load is reconnected.

2. The control method for an intelligent switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for identifying load categories includes: The electrical characteristic data of the load connected to the switch are collected, including the waveform, peak value, rise time, total harmonic distortion, voltage-current trajectory, power factor and steady-state power of the starting current; The electrical characteristic data is compared with the electrical characteristic data corresponding to each load category pre-stored in the database, and classified according to numerical type characteristics and curve type characteristics. Based on the comparison results, the number of matching feature items between the load and each load category is counted; The load category with the most matching feature items is determined as the load category.

3. The control method for an intelligent switch according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method for identifying load attributes includes: Extract the typical electrical characteristics of switch-controlled loads and adaptive loads stored in the database. The typical electrical characteristics include starting current waveform, starting current rise time, total harmonic distortion, power factor and steady-state power dynamic characteristics, wherein the steady-state power dynamic characteristics include constant, step change and continuous change. Based on the electrical characteristic data of the load, the number of sub-items that match the typical electrical characteristics of the switch-controlled load and the typical electrical characteristics of the adaptive load are counted respectively. The load attributes that have a large number of typical feature sub-items that match the load are identified as the attributes of the load.

4. The control method for an intelligent switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for identifying the operating status of the load includes: Obtain the attributes of the load; If the load is a switch-controlled type, its operating state is directly determined to be full power state; If the load is adaptive, its operating status is determined by the following steps: The peak power of the load during steady-state operation is determined as its rated power; Collect the power time-series data of the load within the current time window, and calculate the average power and power fluctuation amplitude based on the power time-series data; If any of the following conditions are met: (a) The ratio of the average power to the rated power is within a preset high ratio range; (b) The power fluctuation amplitude is less than a preset amplitude threshold; Then the current operating state of the load is determined to be full power. If any of the following conditions are met: (c) The ratio of the average power to the rated power is within a preset low ratio range; (d) The power fluctuation amplitude is greater than or equal to the amplitude threshold; Then the current operating state of the load is determined to be the maintenance state.

5. The control method for an intelligent switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for determining whether an early overload warning has been triggered includes: Calculate the current total power of the circuit based on the number of loads currently connected to the circuit and the power of each load; Retrieve the maximum safe power of the circuit pre-stored in the database; Calculate the ratio between the current total power and the maximum safe power to obtain the current load rate of the circuit; Compare the current load rate with the set load rate threshold; If the current load rate is greater than or equal to the load rate threshold, an early warning for overload is triggered; otherwise, no warning is triggered.

6. The control method for an intelligent switch according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method for calculating power overshoot includes: Calculate the remaining power capacity of the circuit based on the current load rate and the maximum safe power of the circuit. The difference between the power of the next load and the remaining power capacity is the power overshoot of the circuit.

7. The control method for an intelligent switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for obtaining the health status of the connected load includes: Obtain the highest value of the total harmonic distortion rate of the connected load since it was connected; Obtain the average temperature rise rate of the branch line where the connected load is located; Calculate the reciprocal of the highest total harmonic distortion rate and the reciprocal of the average temperature rise rate; The two reciprocals are summed to obtain the operational health of the connected load.

8. The control method for an intelligent switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The evaluation method for power-on priority includes: F1. Match the importance level of each connected load according to the importance level corresponding to each load category preset by the user; The connected loads are sorted in descending order of importance to obtain the first sequence; F2. Based on the preset additional scores corresponding to each operating state, determine the additional score for each connected load, where the additional score corresponding to the full power state is higher than the additional score corresponding to the maintenance state. The connected loads are sorted in descending order of their additional scores to obtain the second sequence; F3. Determine the power-on priority score for each connected load based on the preset power-on priority score corresponding to different operating health ranges. The connected loads are sorted in descending order of their power-on priority scores to obtain the third sequence; F4. Accumulate the sequence number of each connected load in the first sequence, second sequence, and third sequence respectively to obtain the cumulative sequence number value of each load; The connected loads are sorted in ascending order of their cumulative serial number values, with the load with the lowest cumulative serial number value having the highest power-on priority. This is how the power-on priority ranking of the connected loads is obtained.

9. The control method for an intelligent switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of step S5 includes: S51. Obtain the attributes and operating status of each connected load in ascending order of power-on priority: If the load is a switch-controlled type and its operating health is lower than the preset threshold, then the load will be cut off for low-load regulation. If the load is adaptive and in full-power mode, then low-load regulation is performed by reducing power. If the load is adaptive and in a maintenance state, then low-load regulation is performed by intermittent operation. S52. After performing low-load regulation on the lowest priority connected load, recalculate the circuit's load rate and remaining power capacity. If the remaining power capacity after adjustment meets the power overshoot, then the next load is officially connected; otherwise, step S53 is executed. S53. Continue to execute the control process in step S51 on the next lowest priority connected load; In this order, the lower priority connected loads are adjusted one by one until the power overshoot is met, and then the next load is formally connected. S54. If the power overshoot cannot be met after low-load regulation of all connected loads, the next load will be refused, an overload warning will be issued, and the circuit load rate will be continuously monitored. When the power overshoot is met, the next load will be tried again.

10. A control system for an intelligent switch, characterized in that, include: The device identification module identifies the type, attributes, and operating status of the load connected to the switch based on electrical characteristic data and power timing. The attributes include adaptive type and switch control type, and the operating status includes full power state and sustaining state. The early warning module monitors the current load rate of the circuit and determines whether an overload early warning is triggered. If the warning is triggered, the overload calculation module is executed. The overload calculation module, when it detects that a next load requests to connect, performs a trial connection for the load, obtains its power information at the moment of connection, disconnects the connection, and calculates the power overshoot based on the power information; The priority assessment module monitors the operational health of connected loads and assesses the power-on priority of each connected load based on its category and operating status. The collaborative control module adjusts the connected loads according to the power-on priority from low to high, taking into account the load attributes. If the power overshoot is met after adjustment, the next load is officially connected; otherwise, the next load is refused, an overload warning is issued, and the circuit load rate is continuously monitored. The next load is reconnected when the conditions are met.

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