Avalanche real-time monitoring and early warning system

Abstract

The invention provides an avalanche real-time monitoring and early-warning system, and the system comprises avalanche monitoring stations which are installed at multiple points in the avalanche advancing direction, and each avalanche monitoring station is composed of a vibration sensor, a remote wireless alarm signal transmitter, a solar power supply system, and a monitoring rod. The acousto-optic alarm station is arranged on a road, a mining area, a pasturing area, a tourist area and a personnel residential area and is composed of a remote wireless alarm signal receiver, a signal processor, a flashing light, a high-power loudspeaker, a solar power supply system and a monitoring rod. The environment monitoring station is composed of an infrasound sensor, an earth sound sensor, a rainfall and snowfall sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, a wind direction and wind speed sensor, a solar power supply system, an LORA radio transceiver and a monitoring rod. And the intelligent telemetering control terminal consists of an intelligent telemetering terminal, a solar power supply system and a monitoring rod. The system is helpful for timely sending dangerous case alarms to the masses in a threat area before and just when an avalanche disaster occurs, so as to avoid or reduce casualties and property loss.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of real-time automatic monitoring and early warning of natural disasters, and specifically to a real-time avalanche monitoring and early warning system. Background Technology

[0002] Avalanches are a common natural disaster in high-altitude, cold mountainous areas, seriously threatening the safety of transportation, mining areas, pastoral areas, and tourist areas, causing infrastructure damage, human and livestock casualties, and hindering the sustainable socio-economic development of mountainous regions. With climate change and the continuous expansion of human activities into high-altitude, cold mountainous areas, the population and infrastructure exposed to avalanche risks are increasing, the destructive power of avalanches is growing, and the demand for avalanche disaster monitoring, early warning, and prevention management is rising. However, avalanche-prone areas are usually located at high altitudes, where wired and wireless network coverage is difficult, and sensors and monitoring equipment are hard to install. To date, there is still no effective automated real-time monitoring and early warning method.

[0003] In view of the above reasons, this application proposes an avalanche real-time monitoring and early warning system to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a real-time avalanche monitoring and early warning system that can effectively solve the aforementioned problems.

[0005] To achieve the above requirements, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows: Avalanche monitoring stations are deployed at multiple points along the avalanche's path, consisting of vibration sensors, tilt sensors, remote wireless alarm signal transmitters, solar power systems, and monitoring poles; Audible and visual alarm stations are deployed in roads, mining areas, pastoral areas, tourist areas, and residential areas, consisting of remote wireless alarm signal receivers, signal processors, flashing lights, high-power horns, solar power systems, and monitoring poles; Environmental monitoring stations are installed on ridges near avalanches, consisting of infrasound sensors, ground sound sensors, rainfall and snowfall sensors, temperature and humidity sensors, wind direction and wind speed sensors, solar power systems, LORA radio transceivers, and monitoring poles; and an intelligent telemetry control terminal consists of an intelligent telemetry terminal, a solar power system, and monitoring poles.

[0006] Preferably, the vibration sensor is normally open and closes when there is vibration, used to monitor the vibration state during earthquakes and avalanches, and sends the danger signal to a remote audible and visual alarm station via a wireless self-organizing network.

[0007] Preferably, infrasound and ground sound sensors monitor the sound signals generated when the snow layer breaks in real time, and send the sampling data to a remote intelligent telemetry and control station via a wireless self-organizing network.

[0008] Preferably, the tilt sensor is used to monitor the tilt state of the monitoring pole when the snow moves, and sends the danger signal to a remote audible and visual alarm station via a wireless self-organizing network.

[0009] Preferably, the rainfall and snowfall sensors transmit the sampled data to a remote intelligent telemetry control station via a wireless self-organizing network.

[0010] Preferably, the intelligent telemetry and control terminal includes a processor, memory, network module, and multiple sensor interfaces.

[0011] Preferably, the network module has 4G / 5G full network compatibility, BeiDou, and LoRa transceivers, and an embedded operating system and edge processor to achieve integrated sampling, analysis and calculation, alarm, and transmission.

[0012] Preferably, the intelligent telemetry terminal has a gateway function, which automatically forms a network with the sensor through wired or wireless means to achieve efficient data transmission.

[0013] Preferably, when the values ​​of infrasound, ground sound, rainfall, and snowfall exceed the warning threshold, the alarm procedure is activated and the sound and light alarm station is activated in conjunction with the alarm.

[0014] Preferably, all monitoring data is sent to the back-end monitoring and control center via 4G / 5G or BeiDou network. After analysis and processing by the back-end software, the data can be sent again to the avalanche risk area via the network to remind personnel, vehicles and relevant units to pay attention to possible avalanche risks and disasters.

[0015] Preferably, the ground acoustic sensor is buried at least 0.2m underground in a waterproof box.

[0016] The advantages of this avalanche real-time monitoring and early warning system are as follows:

[0017] This system helps to issue timely warnings to people in threatened areas before and immediately after an avalanche occurs, in order to avoid or reduce casualties and property damage. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, use the same reference numerals to denote the same or similar parts. The illustrative embodiments of this application and their descriptions are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the topology of an avalanche real-time monitoring and early warning system according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0020] Figure 2A schematic diagram illustrating the installation of an avalanche real-time monitoring and early warning system according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0021] Among them: 1. Snow mountain; 2. Vibration monitoring station; 3. Environmental monitoring station; 4. Audible and visual alarm station; 5. Intelligent telemetry and control terminal. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0023] In the following description, references to "an embodiment," "an embodiment," "an example," "example," etc., indicate that the described embodiment or example may include a particular feature, structure, characteristic, property, element, or limitation, but not every embodiment or example necessarily includes that particular feature, structure, characteristic, property, element, or limitation. Furthermore, the repeated use of the phrase "an embodiment according to this application," while possibly referring to the same embodiment, does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment.

[0024] For simplicity, certain technical features known to those skilled in the art are omitted in the following description.

[0025] According to one embodiment of this application, an avalanche real-time monitoring and early warning system is provided, such as... Figure 1 , 2 The avalanche real-time monitoring and early warning system shown includes an avalanche monitoring station, an audible and visual alarm station, an environmental monitoring station, and an intelligent telemetry control terminal. The avalanche monitoring station consists of vibration sensors, tilt sensors, moisture content sensors, a remote wireless alarm signal transmitter, a solar power supply system, and a monitoring pole. The solar panel is mounted on the monitoring pole, while the vibration sensor, ultra-low temperature battery, and wireless alarm signal transmitter are installed inside a freeze-proof enclosure. The solar panel charges the battery, and the battery supplies power to the equipment.

[0026] According to one embodiment of this application, the audible and visual alarm station of the avalanche real-time monitoring and early warning system consists of a remote wireless alarm signal receiver, a signal processor, a flashing light, a high-power horn, a solar power supply system, and a monitoring pole; wherein the solar panel, flashing light, and horn are installed on the monitoring pole, and the receiver, ultra-low temperature battery, signal receiver, and signal processor are installed in a freeze-proof enclosure, the solar panel charges the battery, and the battery supplies power to the equipment.

[0027] According to one embodiment of this application, the environmental monitoring station of the avalanche real-time monitoring and early warning system consists of an infrasound sensor, a ground acoustic sensor, a rainfall and snowfall sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, a wind direction and wind speed sensor, a solar power supply system, a LORA radio transceiver, and a monitoring pole. The ground acoustic sensor is buried more than 0.2m underground in a waterproof casing. The rainfall and snowfall sensor, temperature and humidity sensor, wind direction and wind speed sensor, and solar panel are mounted on the monitoring pole. The LORA radio transceiver and ultra-low temperature battery are installed inside a freeze-proof enclosure. The solar panel charges the battery, and the battery supplies power to the equipment. The LORA radio has the function of sampling and transmitting data to an intelligent telemetry terminal.

[0028] According to one embodiment of this application, the intelligent telemetry control station of the avalanche real-time monitoring and early warning system consists of an intelligent telemetry terminal, a solar power supply system, and a monitoring pole. The solar panel is mounted on the monitoring pole, while the receiver, cryogenic battery, signal receiver, and signal processor are installed inside a freeze-proof enclosure. The solar panel charges the battery, and the battery supplies power to the equipment. The intelligent telemetry terminal collects and receives sensor measurement data in real time and analyzes and processes it promptly. When the warning threshold is exceeded, it immediately activates an audible and visual alarm. When the network is normal, the data is sent to the back-end monitoring and control center; otherwise, it is automatically stored locally and automatically retransmitted back to the monitoring and control center after the network is restored.

[0029] According to one embodiment of this application, the method for avalanche monitoring is as follows:

[0030] (1) Snowfall: Snowfall depth in the area is monitored by snowfall sensors. Generally, an avalanche is possible only if the snowfall exceeds 300 mm.

[0031] (2) Moisture content: Snowmelt water seepage is an important factor causing avalanches. A multi-layer moisture content monitoring method is adopted, with one vertically installed at 10 cm intervals.

[0032] (3) Video monitoring: Cameras are installed on site, and artificial intelligence analysis and processing technology is used to understand the occurrence and change process of cracks.

[0033] (4) Infrasound: Infrasound waves are generated when the snow layer breaks. The intensity of the infrasound can be used to indicate the changes in the avalanche cracks.

[0034] (5) Vibration: When an avalanche breaks apart, and when snow accumulates and slides, a certain vibration frequency will be generated. By monitoring the movement of the avalanche through vibration, the accuracy of avalanche early warning can be improved.

[0035] (6) Inclination: Install monitoring poles with built-in tilt sensors on slopes prone to avalanches, and use the tilt changes of the monitoring poles to identify the movement of avalanches.

[0036] (7) Remote wireless sound and light warning broadcast: Installed in the avalanche threat area, mainly using LORA / 4G signal transmission, using flashing lights and voice broadcast to remind people in the threat area to take quick shelter.

[0037] (8) Slope radar: Slope radar can achieve radar imaging of ground targets over a wide range at a long distance and accurately measure the displacement changes and displacement speed of the monitored targets, thereby realizing all-day, all-weather, non-contact, high-precision, and spatiotemporally continuous remote monitoring of the monitored targets. It can be widely used in fields such as dam and bridge safety monitoring, open-pit mine engineering slope monitoring, and natural mountain slope monitoring.

[0038] (9) Install slope radar on the opposite side of the slope where avalanches are likely to occur, monitor the displacement change process of the snow-covered slope in real time, and set up 4 levels of alarms for avalanches from micro cracks, fault zone generation, crack widening and avalanche generation, so as to provide a scientific basis for reliable avalanche early warning.

[0039] Meanwhile, avalanches are characterized by their potential, suddenness, unpredictability, and immense destructive power, thus placing higher demands on the efficiency and speed of early warning systems. The main equipment involved is telemetry terminals and early warning broadcasts. All monitoring equipment must have front-end edge computing and processing methods, and must ensure rapid, reliable, and stable linkage with wireless early warning broadcasts at all times. Only in this way can the reliability of monitoring and early warning be improved.

[0040] According to one embodiment of this application, the vibration sensor, tilt sensor, and moisture content sensor of the system are mounted on a monitoring rod and arranged in the direction of avalanche advance.

[0041] According to one embodiment of this application, the system is equipped with three or more moisture content sensors with a sampling interval of 10-20cm, and installed close to the ground. It mainly monitors the changes in moisture content of each snow layer after the snow melts before a wet avalanche.

[0042] According to one embodiment of this application, based on existing technology, it is determined that there is a risk of avalanche disaster only when the snow depth exceeds 1 meter. The system's ground sound and infrasound sensors are buried more than 0.2 meters underground. At the same time, rain, snow, and temperature sensors and a wireless video camera are also installed on the monitoring pole. The video camera is used to view the on-site situation and to achieve remote viewing and monitoring.

[0043] The embodiments described above are merely examples of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the claims.

Claims

1. An avalanche real-time monitoring and early warning system, characterized in that, include: The avalanche monitoring stations, which are deployed at multiple points along the avalanche's path, consist of vibration sensors, tilt sensors, remote wireless alarm signal transmitters, solar power systems, and monitoring poles. The sound and light alarm stations deployed in roads, mining areas, pastoral areas, tourist areas, and residential areas consist of a remote wireless alarm signal receiver, a signal processor, flashing lights, a high-power loudspeaker, a solar power supply system, and a monitoring pole. The environmental monitoring station is installed on a ridge near the avalanche site. It consists of infrasound sensors, ground acoustic sensors, rainfall and snowfall sensors, temperature and humidity sensors, wind direction and wind speed sensors, a solar power system, a LORA radio transceiver, and a monitoring pole; as well as an intelligent telemetry control terminal, which consists of an intelligent telemetry terminal, a solar power system, and a monitoring pole.

2. The avalanche real-time monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration sensor is normally open and closes when there is vibration. It is used to monitor the vibration state during earthquakes and avalanches, and sends danger signals to remote audible and visual alarm stations via a wireless self-organizing network.

3. The avalanche real-time monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tilt sensor is used to monitor the tilt state of the monitoring pole when the snow moves, and sends the danger signal to the remote audible and visual alarm station through a wireless self-organizing network.

4. The avalanche real-time monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The infrasound and ground sound sensors monitor the sound signals generated when the snow layer breaks in real time, and send the sampling data to the remote intelligent telemetry and control station through a wireless self-organizing network.

5. The avalanche real-time monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rainfall and snowfall sensors will transmit the sampled data to a remote intelligent telemetry control station via a wireless self-organizing network. The intelligent telemetry and control terminal includes a processor, memory, network module, and multiple sensor interfaces.

6. The avalanche real-time monitoring and early warning system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The network module features 4G / 5G full network compatibility, BeiDou, and LoRa transceivers, and has an embedded operating system and edge processor, enabling integrated sampling, analysis, calculation, alarm, and transmission.

7. The avalanche real-time monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent telemetry terminal has a gateway function, which can automatically network with sensors through wired or wireless means to achieve efficient data transmission.

8. The avalanche real-time monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the values ​​of infrasound, ground sound, rainfall, and snowfall exceed the warning threshold, the alarm procedure is activated and the sound and light alarm station is activated in conjunction with the alarm.

9. The avalanche real-time monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: All monitoring data is sent to the back-end monitoring and control center via 4G / 5G or BeiDou network. After analysis and processing by the back-end software, it can send a hazard warning to the avalanche risk area again via the network to remind personnel, vehicles and relevant units to pay attention to possible avalanche risk disasters.

10. The avalanche real-time monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ground acoustic sensor is buried 0.2 meters underground in a waterproof box.

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