Antenna structure and communication equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses an antenna structure and communication equipment, and belongs to the technical field of communication. The antenna structure comprises a dielectric substrate, a feed unit, a main antenna unit, a parasitic antenna unit and a reconfigurable antenna unit, wherein the main antenna unit, the parasitic antenna unit and the reconfigurable antenna unit are arranged on a first surface of the dielectric substrate, and a first end of the main antenna unit vertically penetrates through the first surface of the dielectric substrate and is electrically connected with the feed unit on a second surface of the dielectric substrate; the parasitic antenna unit and the reconfigurable antenna unit are arranged around the main antenna unit, and the linear distance between the parasitic antenna unit and the main antenna unit is smaller than the linear distance between the reconfigurable antenna unit and the main antenna unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an antenna structure and communication device. Background Technology

[0002] In complex communication environments, multipath effects, various interferences, reflections, scattering, and multidirectional radiation can occur, affecting normal communication. Beam-pointing reconfigurable antennas can provide dynamic radiation coverage, achieving differentiated coverage to ensure normal communication in complex environments. Among related technologies, beam pointing control methods mainly include the following two:

[0003] (1) A phased array, in which each element is excited by a different phase signal, thereby forming a radiation beam.

[0004] (2) Beam pointing can be controlled by introducing electronically adjustable devices. For example, adding electronically adjustable components such as varactor diodes, micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) switches, and PIN diodes at appropriate locations can affect the current distribution of the antenna and thus achieve switching between different beam pointing.

[0005] However, for the beam-pointing reconfigurable antennas mentioned above, a higher profile and larger size are required to ensure that the reconfigurable antenna can control the beam, which results in a larger overall antenna structure size. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides an antenna structure and communication device that can solve the problems of large antenna structure size and high complexity in related technologies.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application is implemented as follows:

[0008] In a first aspect, an antenna structure is provided, comprising: a dielectric substrate, a feed unit, a main antenna unit, a parasitic antenna unit, and a reconfigurable antenna unit; wherein the main antenna unit, the parasitic antenna unit, and the reconfigurable antenna unit are disposed on a first surface of the dielectric substrate, and a first end of the main antenna unit is perpendicularly disposed through the first surface of the dielectric substrate and electrically connected to the feed unit on a second surface of the dielectric substrate; the parasitic antenna unit and the reconfigurable antenna unit are both disposed around the main antenna unit, and the straight-line distance between the parasitic antenna unit and the main antenna unit is less than the straight-line distance between the reconfigurable antenna unit and the main antenna unit.

[0009] In a second aspect, a communication device is provided, including the antenna structure described in the first aspect.

[0010] The antenna structure provided in this application includes: a dielectric substrate, a feed unit, a main antenna unit, a parasitic antenna unit, and a reconfigurable antenna unit. The main antenna unit, the parasitic antenna unit, and the reconfigurable antenna unit are disposed on a first surface of the dielectric substrate. The first end of the main antenna unit is perpendicularly inserted through the first surface of the dielectric substrate and electrically connected to the feed unit on a second surface of the dielectric substrate. The parasitic antenna unit and the reconfigurable antenna unit are both arranged around the main antenna unit, and the straight-line distance between the parasitic antenna unit and the main antenna unit is smaller than the straight-line distance between the reconfigurable antenna unit and the main antenna unit. This achieves a miniaturized design of the lateral dimensions of the antenna structure. At the same time, it also solves the problems of directional beamforming failure and matching mismatch caused by the reduced spacing between the main antenna unit and the reconfigurable antenna unit. That is, it can improve the impedance characteristics of the main antenna unit, perform phase compensation, and correct the reflected electric field of the reconfigurable antenna unit so that it is not canceled, thereby improving the matching and optimizing the standing wave ratio of the antenna.

[0011] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0012] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0013] Figure 1 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0014] Figure 2a This illustration shows a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0015] Figure 2b A side view of an antenna structure provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application is shown;

[0016] Figure 3a A schematic diagram of the directional state simulation of an antenna structure excluding parasitic antenna elements is shown in the relevant technology;

[0017] Figure 3b This illustration shows a simulation diagram of the directional state of an antenna structure provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0018] Figure 3c A schematic diagram of omnidirectional state simulation of an antenna structure excluding parasitic antenna elements is shown in the relevant technology;

[0019] Figure 3d This illustration shows an omnidirectional state simulation diagram of an antenna structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 3e This illustration shows a simulation diagram of the standing wave ratio (SWR) for each beam state provided by an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 4 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 5 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a first surface of a dielectric substrate provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 6 The illustration shows a current distribution diagram in a 90° directional state and an omnidirectional state provided by an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 7 This illustration shows a simulation diagram of the radiation direction of each directional beam state provided by an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 8 This illustration shows a gain simulation diagram of each beam state provided by an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of efficiency simulation for each beam state provided by an exemplary embodiment of this application is shown;

[0027] Figure 10a This invention provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a power supply unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.

[0028] Figure 10b This invention provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a power supply unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.

[0029] Figure 11 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a main antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.

[0030] Figure 12 A side view of a main antenna unit provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application is shown;

[0031] Figure 13 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a main antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.

[0032] Figure 14 A side view of a main antenna unit provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application is shown;

[0033] Figure 15a This invention provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a main antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.

[0034] Figure 15bThis invention provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a main antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.

[0035] Figure 16 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a parasitic antenna element provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 17 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a reconfigurable antenna element provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 18 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a reconfigurable antenna element provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 19 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 20 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.

[0040] Figure 21 A top view of a communication device provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0041] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0042] The technical solution of this application will now be described in detail through specific embodiments.

[0043] Figure 1 An exemplary embodiment of this application illustrates an antenna structure including: a dielectric substrate 110, a feed element 120, a main antenna element 130, a parasitic antenna element 140, and a reconfigurable antenna element 150. Wherein, as... Figure 2aAs shown, the main antenna unit 130, the parasitic antenna unit 140, and the reconfigurable antenna unit 150 are disposed on the first surface 111 of the dielectric substrate 110. The first end 134 of the main antenna unit 130 is perpendicularly inserted through the first surface 111 of the dielectric substrate 110 and electrically connected to the feed unit 120 on the second surface 112 of the dielectric substrate. The parasitic antenna unit 140 and the reconfigurable antenna unit 150 are both disposed around the main antenna unit 130, and the straight-line distance between the parasitic antenna unit 140 and the main antenna unit 130 is less than the straight-line distance between the reconfigurable antenna unit 150 and the main antenna unit 130.

[0044] It is understandable that, such as Figure 2b As shown, the first end 134 of the antenna unit 130 is perpendicularly disposed on the first surface 111 of the dielectric substrate 110 and electrically connected to the feed unit 120 on the second surface 112 of the dielectric substrate 110. The first end 156 of the reconfigurable antenna unit 150 and the first end 143 of the parasitic antenna unit 140 are electrically connected to the first surface 111 of the dielectric substrate 110.

[0045] In this design, the feed unit 120 is used to excite the main antenna unit 130, and the parasitic antenna unit 140 is used to reduce the lateral dimension between the reconfigurable antenna unit 150 and the main antenna unit 130, thereby achieving antenna miniaturization while ensuring reconfigurable performance. It is understood that the reconfigurable antenna unit 150 can act as a reflector when it is in operation. However, when the lateral dimensions of the reconfigurable antenna unit 150 and the main antenna unit 130 are brought closer together, the reflected electric field and the radiated electric field cancel each other out due to phase loss. The reconfigurable antenna unit 150 fails to function as a reflector, and the required directional beamforming also fails. Furthermore, the close proximity of the two elements alters the overall impedance characteristics of the antenna, causing mismatch, decreased antenna gain, and deterioration in the performance of reconfigurable directional beamforming. The parasitic antenna unit 140 can improve the impedance characteristics of the main antenna unit 130 and perform phase compensation, thus preventing the reflected electric field from being canceled out. This effectively improves antenna performance and further addresses the problems of directional beamforming failure and mismatch by solving the problems of large antenna structure size and high complexity in related technologies. For example, as shown... Figure 3a The image shown is a simulation diagram of the directional state of an antenna structure excluding parasitic antenna elements in related technologies. Figure 3b The diagram shown is a simulation illustration of the directional state of an antenna structure including a parasitic antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3c The image shown is a schematic diagram of an omnidirectional state simulation of an antenna structure excluding parasitic antenna elements in related technologies. Figure 3d The diagram shown is an omnidirectional state simulation diagram of an antenna structure including a parasitic antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3eAs shown in the diagram, this application provides a simulation of the VSWR (Standing Wave Ratio) for each beam state. It can be seen that the overall antenna size is reduced by including the additional parasitic antenna elements, while the antenna's radiation pattern performance remains largely unchanged compared to antenna structures in related technologies that do not include parasitic antenna elements. Furthermore, after adding the additional parasitic antenna elements, the antenna's directional state achieves good matching, with VSWR values ​​less than 1.8 across the frequency band, demonstrating excellent performance. Therefore, the antenna structure provided in this application embodiment can achieve miniaturization of the lateral dimensions while ensuring reconfigurable performance.

[0046] In one implementation, there are multiple parasitic antenna elements 140, and these multiple parasitic antenna elements 140 are symmetrically arranged relative to the main antenna element 130. In another implementation, there are multiple reconfigurable antenna elements 150, and these multiple reconfigurable antenna elements 150 are symmetrically arranged relative to the main antenna element. It should be noted that symmetrical arrangement relative to the main antenna element 130 means symmetrical arrangement relative to the central axis of the main antenna element 130. That is, if there are 3 parasitic antenna elements, the 3 parasitic antenna elements are symmetrically arranged around the main antenna element at a 120° interval; if there are 6 parasitic antenna elements, the 6 parasitic antenna elements are symmetrically arranged around the main antenna element at a 60° interval, and so on. Similarly, if there are 3 reconfigurable antenna elements, the 3 reconfigurable antenna elements are symmetrically arranged around the main antenna element at a 120° interval; if there are 6 reconfigurable antenna elements, the 6 reconfigurable antenna elements are symmetrically arranged around the main antenna element at a 60° interval, and so on.

[0047] Figure 1 The diagram shows multiple parasitic antenna elements 140 and multiple reconfigurable antenna elements 150, which are symmetrically arranged around a main antenna element 130. The parasitic antenna elements 140 are located between the main antenna element 130 and the reconfigurable antenna elements 150. Figure 4 As shown, the straight-line distance d1 between the central axis of the parasitic antenna element 140 and the central axis of the main antenna element 130 is less than the straight-line distance d2 between the central axis of the reconfigurable antenna element 150 and the central axis of the main antenna element 130. For example, the straight-line distance between the central axis of the parasitic antenna element 140 and the central axis of the main antenna element 130 can be 0.1 wavelengths, and the straight-line distance between the central axis of the reconfigurable antenna element 150 and the central axis of the main antenna element 130 can be 0.2 wavelengths.

[0048] Optionally, the main antenna element 130 can be an omnidirectional radiating antenna, which can generate an omnidirectional beam and has wide bandwidth characteristics, such as a monopole antenna, a microstrip omnidirectional antenna, a biconical antenna, etc.

[0049] Optionally, the main antenna element 130, the parasitic antenna element 140, and the reconfigurable antenna element 150 may be made of all-metal materials.

[0050] Optionally, the dielectric substrate 110 can be a disk with a radius of 110 mm.

[0051] Alternatively, the dielectric substrate can be made of Rogers 4730 material.

[0052] The antenna structure provided in this application includes: a dielectric substrate, a feed unit, a main antenna unit, a parasitic antenna unit, and a reconfigurable antenna unit. The main antenna unit, the parasitic antenna unit, and the reconfigurable antenna unit are disposed on a first surface of the dielectric substrate. The first end of the main antenna unit is perpendicularly inserted through the first surface of the dielectric substrate and electrically connected to the feed unit on a second surface of the dielectric substrate. The parasitic antenna unit and the reconfigurable antenna unit are both arranged around the main antenna unit, and the straight-line distance between the parasitic antenna unit and the main antenna unit is smaller than the straight-line distance between the reconfigurable antenna unit and the main antenna unit. This achieves a miniaturized design of the lateral dimensions of the antenna structure. At the same time, it also solves the problems of directional beamforming failure and matching mismatch caused by the reduced spacing between the main antenna unit and the reconfigurable antenna unit. That is, it can improve the impedance characteristics of the main antenna unit, perform phase compensation, and correct the reflected electric field of the reconfigurable antenna unit so that it is not canceled, thereby improving the matching and optimizing the standing wave ratio of the antenna.

[0053] In one implementation, such as Figure 5 As shown, the first surface 111 of the dielectric substrate 110 is also provided with a metal plate 1111 and a plurality of first radio frequency switches 1112. The plurality of first radio frequency switches 1112 correspond one-to-one with the plurality of reconfigurable antenna units 150. The plurality of first radio frequency switches 1112 are respectively used to control the connection and disconnection between the corresponding reconfigurable antenna unit 150 and the metal plate 1111.

[0054] The dielectric substrate 110 has a metal plate 1111 on its first surface 111 to prevent the radiation loss of the feed unit 120 from affecting the beam pointing. Multiple first RF switches 1112 can be disposed in the gaps of the metal plate. By controlling the on / off states of the multiple first RF switches 1112, the reconfigurable antenna unit 150 can be connected to and disconnected from the metal plate 1111, thereby changing the state of the reconfigurable antenna unit 150.

[0055] In this implementation, selective on / off control of each first RF switch adjusts whether the corresponding reconfigurable antenna element needs to function as a reflector, thereby forming a directional beam at a certain angle and ultimately reconfiguring the antenna beam pointing performance. Simultaneously, selective on / off control of each first RF switch can influence the surface current distribution of the reconfigurable antenna element and the main antenna element, thus achieving switching between directional and omnidirectional beams.

[0056] For example, assuming the number of reconfigurable antenna elements is 6, the corresponding number of first RF switches is also 6. If two reconfigurable antenna elements are selected to be turned on in pairs, then the two turned-on reconfigurable antenna elements can act as reflectors to combine with the main antenna element to form a directional beam. As shown in Table 1, the on / off states of each first RF switch are shown in the states with 6 directional beams and 1 omnidirectional beam. Figure 6 The diagram shows the current distribution in the 90° directional state and the omnidirectional state; as shown... Figure 7 The diagram shown above illustrates a simulation of the radiation direction in a directional beam configuration. Figure 3d The image shown is a simulation diagram of the radiation direction in an omnidirectional beam configuration; as shown... Figure 8 The diagram shows the gain simulation for each beam state. The average gain of the directional beam is greater than 7.5 dBi, and the gain of the omnidirectional beam is greater than 3 dBi. The gain difference between the omnidirectional and directional beams exceeds 3 dB. (As mentioned above...) Figure 3e The diagram shows a simulation of the VSWR for each beam state. Each beam state covers the 2515MHz-2675MHz frequency band, achieving good matching. Figure 9 As shown, this is a simulation diagram of the efficiency of each beam state. The efficiency of each beam state is greater than 85%, which shows high radiation performance.

[0057] Table 1

[0058] PIN1 PIN2 PIN3 PIN4 PIN5 PIN6 Omnidirectional 0 0 0 0 0 0 Orientation 30° 0 0 1 1 0 0 Orientation 90° 0 1 1 0 0 0 Orientation 150° 1 1 0 0 0 0 Orientation 210° 1 0 0 0 0 1 Orientation 270° 0 0 0 0 1 1 Orientation 330° 0 0 0 1 1 0

[0059] Optionally, the operating bandwidth of the main antenna unit can cover the 2515MHz-2675MHz frequency band to meet the control of seven beam states.

[0060] It should be noted that multiple directional beam states can be achieved by selectively controlling the on / off state of each first radio frequency switch. The six directional beam states shown in the embodiments of this application are only illustrative.

[0061] Optionally, the first RF switch 1112 can be a PIN diode, MEMS switch, etc.

[0062] In one implementation, such as Figure 10aAs shown, the feeding unit 120 includes: an impedance matching network 121, wherein the impedance matching network 121 is used to adjust the impedance matching when the main antenna unit 130 and the reconfigurable antenna unit 150 are in operation, and to adjust the port matching during directional beamforming; and a second radio frequency switch 122, wherein the second radio frequency switch 122 is used to control the connection and disconnection between the impedance matching network 121 and the main antenna unit 130.

[0063] Furthermore, in another implementation, such as Figure 10b The feed unit shown further includes a first transmission line 124, a second transmission line 125, and an RF connector 126. The impedance matching network 121 is electrically connected to the main antenna unit 130 via the second RF switch 122 and the second transmission line 125. Specifically, the second RF switch 122 controls the connection and disconnection of the impedance matching network 121 and the main antenna unit 130. When the desired beam is a directional beam, the reconfigurable antenna unit will be turned on and act as a reflector. The reflector and the main antenna unit 130 work together to synthesize the directional beam. At this time, the second RF switch 122 is turned on, and the impedance matching network 121 begins to adjust the impedance matching and port matching during the synthesis of multiple directional beam states to maximize power. If the impedance is mismatched, it may lead to reflection loss, thereby reducing antenna performance. If the port is mismatched, it may lead to inaccurate beam direction or decreased beam quality. Optionally, the impedance matching network 121 can be a microstrip line matching network.

[0064] Optionally, the first transmission line 124 and the second transmission line 125 can be microstrip feeders.

[0065] Optionally, the RF connector 126 can be an SMP RF connector, an SMA RF connector, etc.

[0066] In the above implementation, the impedance matching network can further improve the mismatch problem when the miniaturized main antenna element and the reconfigurable antenna element are in operation. By loading the impedance matching network, the impedance characteristics of the main antenna element can be improved, and the port matching during directional state synthesis can be adjusted. That is, when the reconfigurable antenna element is switched on, it can form a directional beam by interacting with the main antenna element in pairs. At this time, the impedance matching network is switched on, and the impedance matching network plays an adjustment role. Therefore, the antenna structure provided in this application embodiment can achieve dynamic radiation coverage and differentiated coverage, and can effectively improve coverage range, efficiency and channel capacity.

[0067] In one implementation, each of the main antenna elements 130 includes at least one main antenna structure 131.

[0068] Optionally, the vertical height, i.e. the cross-sectional height, of the main antenna structure 131 can be 0.25 wavelengths.

[0069] Optionally, the main antenna structure 131 can be a cylindrical metal structure.

[0070] Furthermore, in another implementation, such as Figure 11 As shown, each of the main antenna units 130 may further include: a first metal structural member 132, wherein the first metal structural member 132 is disposed on the upper surface of the main antenna structural member 131, the center of the first metal structural member 132 is perpendicularly corresponding to the center of the main antenna structural member 131, the vertical height of the first metal structural member 132 is less than the vertical height of the main antenna structural member 131, and the coverage area of ​​the first metal structural member 132 is greater than the upper surface area of ​​the main antenna structural member 131. Wherein, as... Figure 12 The image shows a side view of the main antenna unit 130. It can be understood that, to further miniaturize the main antenna structure, the vertical height of the main antenna structure 131 can be reduced by loading a top-mounted component. Specifically, loading a first metal structure 132 above the main antenna structure 131 increases the path for surface current in the main antenna structure, thereby reducing its vertical height. For example, assuming the vertical height of the main antenna structure 131 is 28mm, after loading a first metal structure 132 with a height of 15mm, the vertical height of the main antenna structure 131 can be reduced from 28mm to 17.5mm.

[0071] Optionally, the first metal structure 132 can be a cylindrical metal structure, a hexagonal metal structure, or a circular dielectric substrate with loaded metal patches, or other metal structures symmetrical to the main antenna structure 131. It is understood that symmetrical metal structures contribute to achieving stable beam control.

[0072] In another implementation, a capacitive load can be introduced to further reduce the vertical height of the main antenna structure 131. It is understood that introducing a capacitive load increases the lateral radius of the main antenna structure 131, causing the antenna to exhibit inductive impedance characteristics below its resonant frequency. This allows the antenna to resonate with the introduced capacitive load, shifting the resonant frequency downwards and achieving miniaturization. For example, the height of the capacitively loaded main antenna structure 131 can be reduced from 17.5 mm to 14.5 mm. In this case, the vertical height of the main antenna structure 131 is 0.13 wavelengths.

[0073] In another implementation, such as Figure 13As shown, each of the main antenna elements 130 may further include: a plurality of second metal structural members 133, wherein the plurality of second metal structural members 133 are arranged around at least one of the main antenna structural members 131, and the plurality of second metal structural members 133 are symmetrically arranged with respect to at least one of the main antenna structural members 131. For example, Figure 14 The image shows a side view of the main antenna unit 130. It can be understood that, to further reduce the lateral dimension of the main antenna structure 131, multiple second metal structures 133 are symmetrically loaded around the main antenna structure 131. The loading of these multiple second metal structures 133 further reduces the lateral dimension of the main antenna structure 131. It should be noted that symmetrical arrangement around the main antenna structure 131 means symmetrical arrangement around the central axis of the main antenna structure 131. That is, if the number of second metal structures is 3, then the 3 second metal structures are symmetrically arranged around the main antenna structure 131 at 120° intervals; if the number of multiple second metal structures is 4, then the 4 second metal structures are symmetrically arranged around the main antenna structure 131 at 90° intervals; if the number of multiple second metal structures is 6, then the 6 second metal structures are symmetrically arranged around the main antenna structure 131 at 60° intervals, and so on.

[0074] Optionally, the multiple second metal structural members can be cylindrical metal structures.

[0075] Furthermore, in another implementation, the main antenna unit 130, based on the main antenna structure 131, can further reduce the lateral dimension of the main antenna structure 131 by adding at least one of the following methods: adding a first metal structure 132, adding multiple second metal structures 133, or introducing a capacitive load, thereby reducing the overall size of the antenna structure. For example, as shown... Figure 15a As shown, the main antenna unit 130 includes a first metal structural member 132 and three second metal structural members 133. In one implementation, as... Figure 15b As shown, d3 > d4 + d5 + d6, where d3 is the distance from the edge of the first metal structure 132 to the central axis of the main antenna structure 131, d4 is the distance from the edge of the main antenna structure 131 to its central axis, d5 is the distance between the second metal structure 132 and the main antenna structure, and d6 is the diameter of the second metal structure 132. In another implementation, d3 = d4 + d5 + d6.

[0076] In one implementation, such as Figure 16 As shown, multiple parasitic antenna elements 140 are connected in sequence through a ring-shaped metal structure 141 to improve the stability and reliability of the antenna structure.

[0077] In one implementation, each of the parasitic antenna elements 140 includes at least one third metal structural member 142.

[0078] Optionally, based on miniaturizing the antenna structure, the impedance characteristics of the main antenna element can be adjusted and phase compensation can be performed by adjusting the size parameters of the third metal structural component.

[0079] Optionally, the third metal structural component can be a cylindrical metal structure. This cylindrical metal structure can be a circular metal sleeve, a vertical PCB metal strip, etc.

[0080] In one implementation, each of the reconfigurable antenna elements 150 includes at least one fourth metal structural member 151.

[0081] Understandably, the reconfigurable antenna element needs to couple with the electromagnetic wave energy radiated by the main antenna element to function effectively. Based on the polarization characteristics of the main antenna element, the reconfigurable antenna element can be a vertical structure; therefore, the fourth metal structural component can also be a vertical structure. Optionally, this fourth metal structural component can be a metal pillar, an arc-shaped metal pillar, a PCB structural pillar, etc.

[0082] In one implementation, such as Figure 17 As shown, each of the reconfigurable antenna elements 150 further includes at least one sector patch 152, wherein at least one sector patch 152 is perpendicularly corresponding to at least one of the fourth metal structures 151, and at least one sector patch 152 and at least one of the fourth metal structures 151 are connected by an annular dielectric substrate 153.

[0083] Understandably, the reconfigurable antenna element 150 needs to be at the same height as the main antenna element 130. Similarly, a top-loading method can be used to reduce the vertical height of the fourth metal structure 151. Each fan-shaped patch 152 is disposed on the upper surface of the corresponding fourth metal structure 151. The center of the fan-shaped patch 152 is perpendicularly aligned with the center of the corresponding fourth metal structure 151. The vertical height of the fan-shaped patch 152 is less than the vertical height of the corresponding fourth metal structure 151, and the coverage area of ​​the fan-shaped patch 152 is greater than the upper surface area of ​​the fourth metal structure 151, to ensure stable control of the subsequent directional beam.

[0084] To further strengthen the stability of the entire antenna structure, in one implementation, such as Figure 18As shown, each reconfigurable antenna element 150 further includes at least one first fixing member 154, wherein at least one first fixing member 154 corresponds one-to-one with at least one fourth metal structural member 151, each fourth metal structural member 151 passes through the corresponding first fixing member 154, and at least one first fixing member 154 is connected to the annular dielectric substrate 153. Further, in another implementation, each reconfigurable antenna element 150 further includes at least one second fixing member 155, wherein at least one second fixing member 155 corresponds one-to-one with at least one fourth metal structural member 151, each fourth metal structural member 151 passes through the corresponding second fixing member 155, and the contact areas of the second fixing member 155 and the first fixing member 154 with the fourth metal structural member 151 do not overlap, i.e., the straight-line distance between the second fixing member 155 and the first fixing member 151 is greater than a preset threshold. In other words, upper and lower fixing bases are provided for the fourth metal structural members 151 to improve the stability and reliability of the antenna structure.

[0085] In one implementation, the second ends of the main antenna element, the parasitic antenna element, and the reconfigurable antenna element that are furthest from the first surface of the dielectric substrate are at the same horizontal level. It is understood that, as... Figure 19 As shown, the second end 135 of the main antenna element 130, the second end 144 of the parasitic antenna element 140, and the second end 157 of the reconfigurable antenna element 150 are at the same horizontal height. Being at the same horizontal height ensures the stability of signal transmission and reception and helps reduce signal attenuation or interference caused by height differences.

[0086] This application also provides a communication device, which may include the antenna structure 100 described in any of the above embodiments. For example, as... Figure 20 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the communication device. Figure 21 The image shown is a top view of the communication device.

[0087] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element. Furthermore, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and apparatuses in the embodiments of this application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, but may also include performing functions substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0088] From the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of computer software products plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, they can also be implemented by hardware. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.) and includes several instructions to cause the terminal or network-side device to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.

[0089] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other implementations under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. All of these implementations are within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An antenna structure, characterized in that, include: Dielectric substrate, feed unit, main antenna unit, parasitic antenna unit, and reconfigurable antenna unit; The main antenna unit, the parasitic antenna unit, and the reconfigurable antenna unit are disposed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate. The first end of the main antenna unit is perpendicularly inserted through the first surface of the dielectric substrate and electrically connected to the feed unit on the second surface of the dielectric substrate. The parasitic antenna unit and the reconfigurable antenna unit are both disposed around the main antenna unit, and the straight-line distance between the parasitic antenna unit and the main antenna unit is smaller than the straight-line distance between the reconfigurable antenna unit and the main antenna unit.

2. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are multiple parasitic antenna elements, and the multiple parasitic antenna elements are symmetrically arranged relative to the main antenna element.

3. The antenna structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, There are multiple reconfigurable antenna elements, and the multiple reconfigurable antenna elements are symmetrically arranged relative to the main antenna element.

4. The antenna structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first side of the dielectric substrate is further provided with a metal plate and a plurality of first radio frequency switches. The plurality of first radio frequency switches correspond one-to-one with the plurality of reconfigurable antenna elements. The plurality of first radio frequency switches are respectively used to control the connection and disconnection between the corresponding reconfigurable antenna element and the metal plate.

5. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply unit includes: An impedance matching network is provided, wherein the impedance matching network is used to adjust the impedance matching when the main antenna element and the reconfigurable antenna element work together, and to adjust the port matching during directional beamforming. The second radio frequency switch is used to control the connection and disconnection between the impedance matching network and the main antenna unit.

6. The antenna structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The power supply unit further includes: a first transmission line, a second transmission line, and an RF connector, wherein the RF connector is electrically connected to the main antenna unit through the first transmission line, and the impedance matching network is electrically connected to the main antenna unit in sequence through the second RF switch and the second transmission line.

7. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the main antenna elements includes at least one main antenna structural component.

8. The antenna structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, Each of the main antenna units further includes: a first metal structural member, wherein the first metal structural member is disposed on the upper surface of the main antenna structural member, the center of the first metal structural member is perpendicularly corresponding to the center of the main antenna structural member, the vertical height of the first metal structural member is less than the vertical height of the main antenna structural member, and the coverage area of ​​the first metal structural member is greater than the upper surface area of ​​the main antenna structural member.

9. The antenna structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, Each of the main antenna elements further includes: a plurality of second metal structural members, wherein the plurality of second metal structural members are arranged around at least one of the main antenna structural members, and the plurality of second metal structural members are arranged symmetrically with respect to at least one of the main antenna structural members.

10. The antenna structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, Multiple parasitic antenna elements are connected in sequence through a ring-shaped metal structure.

11. The antenna structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each of the parasitic antenna elements includes at least one third metal structural component.

12. The antenna structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, Each of the reconfigurable antenna elements includes at least one fourth metal structural component.

13. The antenna structure according to claim 12, characterized in that, Each of the reconfigurable antenna elements further includes at least one sector patch, wherein at least one sector patch is perpendicularly corresponding to at least one of the fourth metal structures, and at least one sector patch and at least one of the fourth metal structures are connected by an annular dielectric substrate.

14. The antenna structure according to claim 13, characterized in that, Each of the reconfigurable antenna elements further includes: at least one first fixing member, wherein at least one first fixing member corresponds one-to-one with at least one of the fourth metal structural members, each of the fourth metal structural members is disposed through the corresponding first fixing member, and at least one first fixing member is connected to the annular dielectric substrate.

15. The antenna structure according to claim 14, characterized in that, Each of the reconfigurable antenna elements further includes at least one second fixing member, wherein at least one second fixing member corresponds one-to-one with at least one of the fourth metal structural members, each of the fourth metal structural members is inserted through the corresponding second fixing member, and the contact areas of the second fixing member and the first fixing member with the fourth metal structural member do not overlap.

16. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second ends of the main antenna unit, the parasitic antenna unit, and the reconfigurable antenna unit that are far from the first surface of the dielectric substrate are at the same horizontal height.

17. A communication device, characterized in that, Includes the antenna structure described in any one of claims 1 to 16.

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