Intelligent leakage protector

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent leakage protector which comprises a leakage protection integrated module, a power management module and a microcontroller module which are connected with one another. The microcontroller module is used for judging electric leakage conditions, receiving signals of the electric leakage protection integration module and the power management module, conducting electric leakage judgment and sending out corresponding power-off and reset instructions. The electric leakage protection integrated module is used for detecting leakage current, generating an electric leakage protection signal, executing power-off and reset actions and realizing electric leakage power-off protection; and the power supply management module is used for converting alternating current into direct current and supplying power to the leakage protection integration module and the microcontroller module. The method has a safer effect, realizes power-on attempt on a line after leakage protection, and avoids frequent short-circuit phenomenon caused by instant leakage and false alarm of the protector.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of leakage current protection devices, and specifically to an intelligent leakage current protection device. Background Technology

[0002] As an important safety device for electrical use, residual current devices (RCDs) have been widely used in various low-voltage power distribution systems and electrical equipment. The core protection mechanism of mainstream RCD products on the market is usually based on the zero-sequence current detection principle. The main structural components include a zero-sequence current transformer (also known as a zero-sequence coil), a signal processing chip, an electromagnetic tripping mechanism, and a mechanical locking and contact system.

[0003] Specifically, existing residual current devices (RCDs) monitor the vector sum of the currents in the phase (live) and neutral (neutral) wires in the power supply circuit in real time using a zero-sequence current transformer. Under normal, leakage-free conditions, the two currents are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, and there is no induced signal output from the secondary winding of the transformer. When a leakage fault occurs, some current flows to the ground through unexpected paths (such as the human body or equipment casing), causing a difference in the current between the phase and neutral wires. This current difference generates a changing magnetic flux in the core of the zero-sequence current transformer, inducing a corresponding weak voltage signal in its secondary winding. This signal is then sent to a dedicated signal processing chip for identification, filtering, and amplification. After determining that the leakage current exceeds a predetermined threshold, the chip outputs a drive signal to the actuator—usually a pull-out electromagnet. The electromagnet, when energized, generates sufficient electromagnetic force to drive its core (pulling the core) to move rapidly.

[0004] The linear motion of the core puller acts directly or through a linkage component on the mechanical trip unit, causing it to overcome the spring holding force and slide. The movement of the trip unit further releases the constraint on the mechanical snap ring (or latch), allowing the moving and stationary conductive contacts, which were originally held tightly by the mechanical structure in the closed state, to quickly separate, thereby cutting off the fault circuit and realizing the leakage current protection function.

[0005] While the aforementioned electromagnetic-mechanical leakage current protection schemes have demonstrated a certain degree of reliability in long-term applications, their inherent drawbacks are becoming increasingly apparent with the increasing complexity of the operating environment and the rising safety requirements. Firstly, the final execution of its protective function relies heavily on a series of precisely coordinated mechanical components (such as trip units, snap rings, linkages, and contact pressure springs). Over long-term use, these mechanical structures are prone to wear, corrosion, dust accumulation, or lubrication failure, leading to jamming, delays, or even failure to operate, affecting the timeliness and certainty of the protection. Secondly, when the product is subjected to external mechanical stress impacts, such as abnormal collisions, drops, or vibrations, internal mechanical components may misalign, deform, or disintegrate, resulting in the loss of overall protection function and posing serious safety hazards. Furthermore, the high manufacturing precision requirements and complex assembly processes of the mechanical components also affect product consistency and cost control.

[0006] In summary, the existing residual current devices (RCDs) suffer from structural defects such as mechanical jamming risks, weak resistance to mechanical shocks, and insufficient safety margins. These issues have become key technical bottlenecks restricting further improvements in their reliability and their adaptability to more demanding application scenarios. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of RCD that can significantly reduce reliance on complex mechanical transmission mechanisms while ensuring rapid and reliable fault current interruption, thereby improving the product's environmental adaptability and long-term operational stability. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent leakage current protector that offers enhanced safety, prevents power outages caused by mechanical structural damage, allows for remote reset via wireless signals, and features a timer function to test the power supply to the circuit after leakage protection, thus avoiding frequent short circuits caused by momentary leakage and false alarms from the protector.

[0008] To achieve the above functions, this invention designs an intelligent leakage current protector, including a leakage current protection integrated module, a power management module, and a microcontroller module;

[0009] The microcontroller module is connected to the leakage protection integrated module and the power management module respectively. It is used to determine the leakage condition, receive signals from the leakage protection integrated module and the power management module, perform leakage judgment, and issue corresponding power-off and reset commands.

[0010] The leakage current protection integrated module is connected to the power management module and the microcontroller module respectively. It is used to detect leakage current, generate leakage current protection signals, execute power-off and reset actions to realize leakage current power-off protection.

[0011] The power management module is connected to the leakage current protection integrated module and the microcontroller module respectively, and is used to convert AC power into DC power to supply power to the leakage current protection integrated module and the microcontroller module.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it further includes a communication module, which is connected to the microcontroller module for receiving remote reset commands transmitted in the form of wireless signals and transmitting them to the microcontroller module, so that the microcontroller module issues a corresponding reset command.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the leakage current protection integrated module includes relay K1 and relay K2; relay K1 and relay K2 are normally closed relays;

[0014] It also includes zero-sequence current transformer L1, optocoupler U1, operational amplifier U2, leakage protection chip U3, manual switch SW1, manual switch SW2, Zener diode D1, Zener diode D2, Zener diode D3, light-emitting diode D4, thyristor Q1, resistor R1, resistor R2, resistor R3, resistor R4, resistor R5, resistor R6, resistor R7, resistor R8, capacitor C1, capacitor C2, capacitor C3, capacitor C4, capacitor C5, and capacitor C6;

[0015] The terminal block connector is connected in series with manual switch SW2; pin 1 of relay K1 is connected to the positive terminals of Zener diodes D1 and D2, and pin 1 of relay K2, and transmits the thyristor output signal SCR_T; pins 2 and 7 of relay K1 are shorted and connected to the N_IN pin of zero-sequence current transformer L1; pins 3 and 6 of relay K1 are shorted and connected to the AC_L terminal of the terminal block connector; pins 4 and 5 of relay K1 are left floating; pin 8 of relay K1 is connected to the DC voltage VCC_12VC1 and the negative terminal of Zener diode D1, respectively.

[0016] Pins 2 and 7 of relay K2 are shorted and connected to the L_IN pin of zero-sequence current transformer L1; pins 3 and 6 of relay K2 are shorted and connected to the AC_N terminal of the terminal block plug, and then connected to one end of resistor R1; pins 4 and 5 of relay K2 are left floating, and pin 8 of relay K2 is connected to the DC voltage VCC_12VC1 and the negative terminal of Zener diode D2, respectively.

[0017] The other end of resistor R1 is connected to pin 1 of manual switch SW1. Pin 4 of manual switch SW1 is connected to the N_OUT pin of zero-sequence current transformer L1, the negative terminal of Zener diode D3, and the positive terminal of LED in optocoupler U1. The L_OUT pin of zero-sequence current transformer L1 is connected to one end of resistor R2. The other end of resistor R2 is connected to the positive terminal of Zener diode D3 and the negative terminal of LED in optocoupler U1. The SOUT1 pin of zero-sequence current transformer L1 is connected to one end of resistor R8 and one end of resistor R7. The other end of resistor R8 is connected to the IN pin of leakage protection chip U3 and one end of capacitor C3, respectively. The other end of resistor R7 is connected to one end of capacitor C2, the other end of capacitor C4, and the VR pin of leakage protection chip U3, respectively. The zero-sequence current transformer L1's SOUT2 pin is connected to the ground; the other end of capacitor C2 is grounded; the VS pin of the leakage protection chip U3 is connected to the DC voltage VCC_12VC1 and one end of capacitor C1 respectively; the other end of capacitor C1 is connected to the GND pin of the leakage protection chip U3 and grounded; the OD pin and SC pin of the leakage protection chip U3 are shorted and connected to one end of capacitor C4, and the other end of capacitor C4 is grounded; the NR pin of the leakage protection chip U3 is connected to one end of capacitor C5, and the other end of capacitor C5 is connected to the OS pin of the leakage protection chip U3, one end of capacitor C6, and the control electrode of thyristor Q1 respectively; the other end of capacitor C6 is connected to the negative electrode of thyristor Q1 and grounded; the positive electrode of thyristor Q1 transmits the thyristor output signal SCR_T;

[0018] The collector of the transistor in optocoupler U1 is input to the negative input terminal of operational amplifier U2 and one end of resistor R3, respectively; the emitter of the transistor in optocoupler U1 is grounded; the power supply terminal of operational amplifier U2 is connected to the DC voltage VCC_5V and the other end of resistor R3; the ground terminal of operational amplifier U2 is grounded; the positive input terminal of operational amplifier U2 is connected to one end of resistor R4 and resistor R5, the other end of resistor R4 is connected to the DC voltage VCC_5V; the other end of resistor R5 is grounded; the output terminal of operational amplifier U2 outputs an ADC_AC signal and outputs it to the microcontroller module, and is also connected to one end of resistor R6, the other end of resistor R6 is connected to the positive terminal of LED D4, and the negative terminal of LED D4 is grounded.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the power management module includes a rectifier bridge BD1, a power management chip U4, a voltage regulator chip U5, a resistor R9, a resistor R10, a bidirectional trigger diode RV1, a diode D5, a diode D6, an inductor L2, an electrolytic capacitor C7, an electrolytic capacitor C8, an electrolytic capacitor C9, a capacitor C10, and a capacitor C11.

[0020] One end of resistor R9 is connected to the AC_L terminal of the connector plug, and the other end of resistor R9 is connected to one end of the bidirectional trigger diode RV1 and the AC input pin 2 of the rectifier bridge BD1. The other end of the bidirectional trigger diode RV1 is connected to the AC_N terminal of the connector plug and the AC input pin 1 of the rectifier bridge BD1. The negative DC output terminal of the rectifier bridge BD1 is grounded, and the positive DC output terminal of the rectifier bridge BD1 is connected to the DRAIN pin of the power management chip U4 and the positive terminal of the electrolytic capacitor C7. The negative terminal of the electrolytic capacitor C7 is grounded. The EN and HVDD pins of the power management chip U4 are shorted and connected to the positive terminal of the electrolytic capacitor C8 and the negative terminal of the diode D6. The negative terminal of the electrolytic capacitor C8 is connected to the power management chip U4. The GND pin of chip U4, one end of inductor L2, the negative terminal of diode D6, and the positive terminal of diode D6 are grounded; the positive terminal of diode D6, the other end of inductor L2, the positive terminal of electrolytic capacitor C9, one end of resistor R10, one end of capacitor C10, and the VIN pin of voltage regulator chip U5 are connected together to output a DC voltage VCC_12V; the other end of capacitor C10 is grounded; the positive terminal of diode D5, the negative terminal of electrolytic capacitor C9, and the other end of capacitor C10 are connected together and grounded; the TAP pin, VOUT pin, and one end of capacitor C11 of voltage regulator chip U5 are connected together to output a DC voltage VCC_5V; the other end of capacitor C11 is grounded; the GND pin of voltage regulator chip U5 is grounded.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the microcontroller module includes a microcontroller chip U6, a capacitor C12, a resistor R11, and a resistor R12;

[0022] It also includes field-effect transistor U7, resistors R13, R14, R15, R16, and R17;

[0023] Specifically, the VCC pin of microcontroller chip U6 is connected to one end of capacitor C12 and receives a DC voltage VCC_5V, while the other end of capacitor C12 is grounded; the PA4 / PA10 pins of microcontroller chip U6 are connected to one end of resistor R11 and one end of resistor R12, with the other end of resistor R11 connected to the thyristor output signal SCR_T; the other end of resistor R12 is grounded; the GND pin of microcontroller chip U6 is grounded; and the PA1 pin of microcontroller chip U6 is connected to the ADC_AC signal.

[0024] One end of resistor R16 transmits the EN signal and is connected to the PA3 pin of microcontroller chip U6. The other end of resistor R16 is connected to one end of resistor R17 and the G1 pin of MOSFET U7. The other end of resistor R17 is connected to the S1 pin of MOSFET U7 and grounded. The D1 pin of MOSFET U7 is connected to one end of resistor R13. The S2 pin of MOSFET U7 is connected to one end of resistor R14 and one end of resistor R15 and connected to DC voltage VCC_12V. The other ends of resistor R13, R14, and MOSFET U7 are connected together. The D2 pin of MOSFET U7 is connected to the other end of resistor R15 and connected to DC voltage VCC_12VC1.

[0025] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the following steps S1-S7 are performed to complete the leakage current detection and execute the corresponding power-off action:

[0026] Step S1: Power on the system and supply power to the power management module;

[0027] Step S2: Relays K1 and K2 operate normally, supplying power to the downstream circuits in the leakage current protection integrated module and the microcontroller module;

[0028] Step S3: Zero-sequence current transformer L1 continuously detects leakage current. If leakage current is detected, leakage protection chip U3 generates leakage protection signal.

[0029] Step S4: Under the action of the leakage protection signal, thyristor Q1 supplies power to the coils of relays K1 and K2, and relays K1 and K2 disconnect, cutting off the power supply to the subsequent circuit.

[0030] Step S5: The microcontroller chip U6 judges the leakage status; if the leakage status judgment result is normal leakage, then the relays K1 and K2 remain in the open state; otherwise, proceed to step S6.

[0031] Step S6: After 5 seconds, the microcontroller chip U6 resets the state of the leakage protection chip U3, cancels the leakage protection signal, and detects the leakage current again. If the detection result is normal leakage, relays K1 and K2 are disconnected, cutting off the power supply to the subsequent circuit; otherwise, proceed to step S7.

[0032] Step S7: After 15 seconds, the microcontroller chip U6 resets the state of the leakage protection chip U3, cancels the leakage protection signal, and detects the leakage current again. If the detection result is normal leakage, relays K1 and K2 are disconnected, cutting off the power supply to the subsequent circuit; otherwise, return to step S5 to complete the leakage judgment.

[0033] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention include:

[0034] (1) By generating a 12V low-voltage current through a transformer, an electromagnetic relay can be driven to open and close, providing protection against leakage current and power failure.

[0035] (2) By timing the chip software, it is reset twice at 5 seconds and 15 seconds to detect the existing line, so as to avoid instantaneous leakage and false leakage alarm. If leakage still exists after each reset, the electromagnetic relay will still be driven by the zero-sequence coil induced current to generate circuit protection.

[0036] (3) The zero-sequence coil and the chip are connected by a circuit board. The electromagnetic relay is powered on and off internally. There is no mechanical structure. The whole process is completed on the circuit board. The mechanical structure will not be jammed due to external impact or drop collision, which will not cause safety hazards.

[0037] (4) It is more conducive to sealing. It can operate normally in a completely sealed environment. It will not be unable to seal effectively because the mechanical mechanism has too much room to move. It avoids moisture entering the interior in watery or humid environments, which may cause electronic components to become damp and fail.

[0038] (5) Remote control can be achieved by adding a communication chip. The product is powered on and off by controlling the electromagnetic relay with a 12V low-voltage current. No manual reset is required. Only an external low-voltage current or current signal is needed to complete the process. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of a leakage current protection integrated module provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of a power management module provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of a microcontroller module provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of a software-controlled switch and a manual switch provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating how an intelligent residual current device (RCD) performs leakage current detection and executes power-off actions according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] This invention provides an intelligent leakage current protector, which includes a leakage current protection integrated module, a power management module, and a microcontroller module.

[0046] The microcontroller module is connected to the leakage protection integrated module and the power management module respectively. It is used to determine the leakage condition, receive signals from the leakage protection integrated module and the power management module, perform leakage judgment, and issue corresponding power-off and reset commands.

[0047] The leakage current protection integrated module is connected to the power management module and the microcontroller module respectively. It is used to detect leakage current, generate leakage current protection signals, execute power-off and reset actions to realize leakage current power-off protection.

[0048] The power management module is connected to the leakage current protection integrated module and the microcontroller module respectively, and is used to convert AC power into DC power to supply power to the leakage current protection integrated module and the microcontroller module.

[0049] It also has a communication module that communicates with the microcontroller module to receive remote reset commands transmitted in the form of wireless signals and transmit them to the microcontroller module, so that the microcontroller module can issue corresponding reset commands.

[0050] Reference Figure 1 The leakage protection integrated module includes relays K1 and K2; relays K1 and K2 are normally closed relays; in this embodiment, relays K1 and K2 are model HF115 / 012-1ZS3.

[0051] It also includes a zero-sequence current transformer L1, an optocoupler U1, an operational amplifier U2, a leakage protection chip U3, manual switches SW1 and SW2, Zener diodes D1, D2, and D3, an LED D4, a thyristor Q1, resistors R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8, and capacitors C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, and C6. In this embodiment, the zero-sequence current transformer L1 is model ZCT56-06N-01; the optocoupler U1 is model PC817CS; the operational amplifier U2 is model LMV3211DBVRG4; and the leakage protection chip U3 is model GC54123P-A2.

[0052] The terminal block plug is connected in series with manual switch SW2, as shown in the reference. Figure 4The manual switch SW2 in the middle; after leakage occurs, the rear relay is cut off for protection. After the manual switch SW2 is powered on again, the power supply to the rear relay is restored; pin 1 of relay K1 is connected to the positive terminal of Zener diode D1, Zener diode D2, and pin 1 of relay K2 respectively, and transmits the thyristor output signal SCR_T; pin 2 and pin 7 of relay K1 are shorted and connected to the N_IN pin of zero-sequence current transformer L1; pin 3 and pin 6 of relay K1 are shorted and connected to the AC_L terminal of the terminal block plug; pin 4 and pin 5 of relay K1 are left floating; pin 8 of relay K1 is connected to the DC voltage VCC_12VC1 and the negative terminal of Zener diode D1 respectively;

[0053] Pins 2 and 7 of relay K2 are shorted and connected to the L_IN pin of zero-sequence current transformer L1; pins 3 and 6 of relay K2 are shorted and connected to the AC_N terminal of the terminal block plug, and then connected to one end of resistor R1; pins 4 and 5 of relay K2 are left floating, and pin 8 of relay K2 is connected to the DC voltage VCC_12VC1 and the negative terminal of Zener diode D2, respectively.

[0054] The other end of resistor R1 is connected to pin 1 of manual switch SW1. Pin 4 of manual switch SW1 is connected to the N_OUT pin of zero-sequence current transformer L1, the negative terminal of Zener diode D3, and the positive terminal of LED in optocoupler U1. The L_OUT pin of zero-sequence current transformer L1 is connected to one end of resistor R2. The other end of resistor R2 is connected to the positive terminal of Zener diode D3 and the negative terminal of LED in optocoupler U1. The SOUT1 pin of zero-sequence current transformer L1 is connected to one end of resistor R8 and one end of resistor R7. The other end of resistor R8 is connected to the IN pin of leakage protection chip U3 and one end of capacitor C3, respectively. The other end of resistor R7 is connected to one end of capacitor C2, the other end of capacitor C4, and the VR pin of leakage protection chip U3, respectively. The zero-sequence current transformer L1's SOUT2 pin is connected to the ground; the other end of capacitor C2 is grounded; the VS pin of the leakage protection chip U3 is connected to the DC voltage VCC_12VC1 and one end of capacitor C1 respectively; the other end of capacitor C1 is connected to the GND pin of the leakage protection chip U3 and grounded; the OD pin and SC pin of the leakage protection chip U3 are shorted and connected to one end of capacitor C4, and the other end of capacitor C4 is grounded; the NR pin of the leakage protection chip U3 is connected to one end of capacitor C5, and the other end of capacitor C5 is connected to the OS pin of the leakage protection chip U3, one end of capacitor C6, and the control electrode of thyristor Q1 respectively; the other end of capacitor C6 is connected to the negative electrode of thyristor Q1 and grounded; the positive electrode of thyristor Q1 transmits the thyristor output signal SCR_T;

[0055] The collector of the transistor in optocoupler U1 is input to the negative input terminal of operational amplifier U2 and one end of resistor R3, respectively; the emitter of the transistor in optocoupler U1 is grounded; the power supply terminal of operational amplifier U2 is connected to the DC voltage VCC_5V and the other end of resistor R3; the ground terminal of operational amplifier U2 is grounded; the positive input terminal of operational amplifier U2 is connected to one end of resistor R4 and resistor R5, the other end of resistor R4 is connected to the DC voltage VCC_5V; the other end of resistor R5 is grounded; the output terminal of operational amplifier U2 outputs an ADC_AC signal and outputs it to the microcontroller module, and is also connected to one end of resistor R6, the other end of resistor R6 is connected to the positive terminal of LED D4, and the negative terminal of LED D4 is grounded.

[0056] Reference Figure 2 The power management module includes a rectifier bridge BD1, a power management chip U4, a voltage regulator chip U5, resistors R9 and R10, a bidirectional trigger diode RV1, a diode D5, a diode D6, an inductor L2, an electrolytic capacitor C7, an electrolytic capacitor C8, an electrolytic capacitor C9, a capacitor C10, and a capacitor C11.

[0057] In this embodiment, resistor R9 is a wire-wound fuse resistor, rectifier bridge BD1 is an ABS210, power management chip U4 is an SM7015, and voltage regulator chip U5 is an AMS1117-5.0.

[0058] One end of resistor R9 is connected to the AC_L terminal of the connector plug, and the other end of resistor R9 is connected to one end of the bidirectional trigger diode RV1 and the AC input pin 2 of the rectifier bridge BD1. The other end of the bidirectional trigger diode RV1 is connected to the AC_N terminal of the connector plug and the AC input pin 1 of the rectifier bridge BD1. The negative DC output terminal of the rectifier bridge BD1 is grounded, and the positive DC output terminal of the rectifier bridge BD1 is connected to the DRAIN pin of the power management chip U4 and the positive terminal of the electrolytic capacitor C7. The negative terminal of the electrolytic capacitor C7 is grounded. The EN and HVDD pins of the power management chip U4 are shorted and connected to the positive terminal of the electrolytic capacitor C8 and the negative terminal of the diode D6. The negative terminal of the electrolytic capacitor C8 is connected to the power management chip U4. The GND pin of chip U4, one end of inductor L2, the negative terminal of diode D6, and the positive terminal of diode D6 are grounded; the positive terminal of diode D6, the other end of inductor L2, the positive terminal of electrolytic capacitor C9, one end of resistor R10, one end of capacitor C10, and the VIN pin of voltage regulator chip U5 are connected together to output a DC voltage VCC_12V; the other end of capacitor C10 is grounded; the positive terminal of diode D5, the negative terminal of electrolytic capacitor C9, and the other end of capacitor C10 are connected together and grounded; the TAP pin, VOUT pin, and one end of capacitor C11 of voltage regulator chip U5 are connected together to output a DC voltage VCC_5V; the other end of capacitor C11 is grounded; the GND pin of voltage regulator chip U5 is grounded.

[0059] Reference Figure 3 The microcontroller module includes a microcontroller chip U6, a capacitor C12, and resistors R11 and R12.

[0060] Reference Figure 4 It also includes a field-effect transistor U7, resistors R13, R14, R15, R16, and R17, which together form a software-controlled switch.

[0061] In this embodiment, the microcontroller chip U6 is model PY32F002AL15S6TU; the field-effect transistor U7 is model CJ3439KDW;

[0062] The VCC pin of the microcontroller chip U6 is connected to one end of the capacitor C12 and inputs a DC voltage VCC_5V, while the other end of the capacitor C12 is grounded. The PA4 / PA10 pins of the microcontroller chip U6 are connected to one end of the resistor R11 and one end of the resistor R12. The PA4 / PA10 pins serve as the INPUT pins to detect the thyristor output signal SCR_T. A high level indicates that the relay does not operate, and a low level indicates that the relay operates.

[0063] The other end of resistor R11 is connected to the thyristor output signal SCR_T; the other end of resistor R12 is grounded; the GND pin of microcontroller chip U6 is grounded; the PA1 pin of microcontroller chip U6 is connected to the ADC_AC signal.

[0064] One end of resistor R16 transmits the EN signal and is connected to the PA3 pin of microcontroller chip U6. The other end of resistor R16 is connected to one end of resistor R17 and the G1 pin of MOSFET U7. The EN signal controls the 12V power supply. When the EN signal is high, the 12V is powered on, and MOSFET U7 connects VCC_12V and VCC_12VC1. When the EN signal is low, the 12V is disconnected, and VCC_12V and VCC_12VC1 are not connected.

[0065] The other end of resistor R17 is connected to the S1 pin of MOSFET U7 and grounded; the D1 pin of MOSFET U7 is connected to one end of resistor R13; the S2 pin of MOSFET U7 is connected to one end of resistor R14 and one end of resistor R15, and connected to DC voltage VCC_12V; the other ends of resistor R13, the other end of resistor R14, and the G2 pin of MOSFET U7 are connected together; the D2 pin of MOSFET U7 is connected to the other end of resistor R15, and connected to DC voltage VCC_12VC1.

[0066] Based on the intelligent leakage current protection device designed according to this invention, refer to... Figure 5 Perform the following steps S1-S7 to complete the leakage current detection and execute the corresponding power-off action:

[0067] Step S1: Power on the system and supply power to the power management module;

[0068] Step S2: Relays K1 and K2 operate normally, supplying power to the downstream circuits in the leakage current protection integrated module and the microcontroller module;

[0069] Step S3: Zero-sequence current transformer L1 continuously detects leakage current. If leakage current is detected, leakage protection chip U3 generates leakage protection signal.

[0070] Step S4: Under the action of the leakage protection signal, thyristor Q1 supplies power to the coils of relays K1 and K2, and relays K1 and K2 disconnect, cutting off the power supply to the subsequent circuit.

[0071] Step S5: The microcontroller chip U6 judges the leakage status; if the leakage status judgment result is normal leakage, then the relays K1 and K2 remain in the open state; otherwise, proceed to step S6.

[0072] Step S6: After 5 seconds, the microcontroller chip U6 resets the state of the leakage protection chip U3, cancels the leakage protection signal, and detects the leakage current again. If the detection result is normal leakage, relays K1 and K2 are disconnected, cutting off the power supply to the subsequent circuit; otherwise, proceed to step S7.

[0073] Step S7: After 15 seconds, the microcontroller chip U6 resets the state of the leakage protection chip U3, cancels the leakage protection signal, and detects the leakage current again. If the detection result is normal leakage, relays K1 and K2 are disconnected, cutting off the power supply to the subsequent circuit; otherwise, return to step S5 to complete the leakage judgment.

[0074] Experiments have shown that the intelligent leakage current protector designed in this invention is more sensitive, with an effective response speed of 15 milliseconds (100 milliseconds for mechanical) and a current recognition of 10 mA (30 mA for mechanical).

[0075] It effectively avoids structural damage caused by collisions. Under the same impact conditions, the mechanical structure is damaged and cannot function, but this invention operates normally.

[0076] Effective circuit leakage current testing can be performed. By resetting twice, the tripping and power outage caused by instantaneous leakage current and false leakage current alarms can be effectively reduced.

[0077] It has remote control capabilities and can be remotely controlled in conjunction with a communication chip (the mechanical structure can only be manually reset).

[0078] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent residual current device, characterized in that, Includes a leakage current protection integrated module, a power management module, and a microcontroller module; The microcontroller module is connected to the leakage protection integrated module and the power management module respectively. It is used to determine the leakage condition, receive signals from the leakage protection integrated module and the power management module, perform leakage judgment, and issue corresponding power-off and reset commands. The leakage current protection integrated module is connected to the power management module and the microcontroller module respectively. It is used to detect leakage current, generate leakage current protection signals, execute power-off and reset actions to realize leakage current power-off protection. The power management module is connected to the leakage current protection integrated module and the microcontroller module respectively, and is used to convert AC power into DC power to supply power to the leakage current protection integrated module and the microcontroller module.

2. The intelligent residual current device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also has a communication module that communicates with the microcontroller module to receive remote reset commands transmitted in the form of wireless signals and transmit them to the microcontroller module, so that the microcontroller module can issue corresponding reset commands.

3. The intelligent residual current device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aforementioned leakage protection integrated module includes relays K1 and K2; relays K1 and K2 are normally closed relays. It also includes zero-sequence current transformer L1, optocoupler U1, operational amplifier U2, leakage protection chip U3, manual switch SW1, manual switch SW2, Zener diode D1, Zener diode D2, Zener diode D3, light-emitting diode D4, thyristor Q1, resistor R1, resistor R2, resistor R3, resistor R4, resistor R5, resistor R6, resistor R7, resistor R8, capacitor C1, capacitor C2, capacitor C3, capacitor C4, capacitor C5, and capacitor C6; The terminal block connector is connected in series with manual switch SW2; pin 1 of relay K1 is connected to the positive terminals of Zener diodes D1 and D2, and pin 1 of relay K2, and transmits the thyristor output signal SCR_T; pins 2 and 7 of relay K1 are shorted and connected to the N_IN pin of zero-sequence current transformer L1; pins 3 and 6 of relay K1 are shorted and connected to the AC_L terminal of the terminal block connector; pins 4 and 5 of relay K1 are left floating; pin 8 of relay K1 is connected to the DC voltage VCC_12VC1 and the negative terminal of Zener diode D1, respectively. Pins 2 and 7 of relay K2 are shorted and connected to the L_IN pin of zero-sequence current transformer L1; pins 3 and 6 of relay K2 are shorted and connected to the AC_N terminal of the terminal block plug, and then connected to one end of resistor R1; pins 4 and 5 of relay K2 are left floating, and pin 8 of relay K2 is connected to the DC voltage VCC_12VC1 and the negative terminal of Zener diode D2, respectively. The other end of resistor R1 is connected to pin 1 of manual switch SW1. Pin 4 of manual switch SW1 is connected to the N_OUT pin of zero-sequence current transformer L1, the negative terminal of Zener diode D3, and the positive terminal of LED in optocoupler U1. The L_OUT pin of zero-sequence current transformer L1 is connected to one end of resistor R2. The other end of resistor R2 is connected to the positive terminal of Zener diode D3 and the negative terminal of LED in optocoupler U1. The SOUT1 pin of zero-sequence current transformer L1 is connected to one end of resistor R8 and one end of resistor R7. The other end of resistor R8 is connected to the IN pin of leakage protection chip U3 and one end of capacitor C3, respectively. The other end of resistor R7 is connected to one end of capacitor C2, the other end of capacitor C4, and the VR pin of leakage protection chip U3, respectively. The zero-sequence current transformer L1's SOUT2 pin is connected to the ground; the other end of capacitor C2 is grounded; the VS pin of the leakage protection chip U3 is connected to the DC voltage VCC_12VC1 and one end of capacitor C1 respectively; the other end of capacitor C1 is connected to the GND pin of the leakage protection chip U3 and grounded; the OD pin and SC pin of the leakage protection chip U3 are shorted and connected to one end of capacitor C4, and the other end of capacitor C4 is grounded; the NR pin of the leakage protection chip U3 is connected to one end of capacitor C5, and the other end of capacitor C5 is connected to the OS pin of the leakage protection chip U3, one end of capacitor C6, and the control electrode of thyristor Q1 respectively; the other end of capacitor C6 is connected to the negative electrode of thyristor Q1 and grounded; the positive electrode of thyristor Q1 transmits the thyristor output signal SCR_T; The collector of the transistor in optocoupler U1 is input to the negative input terminal of operational amplifier U2 and one end of resistor R3, respectively; the emitter of the transistor in optocoupler U1 is grounded; the power supply terminal of operational amplifier U2 is connected to the DC voltage VCC_5V and the other end of resistor R3; the ground terminal of operational amplifier U2 is grounded; the positive input terminal of operational amplifier U2 is connected to one end of resistor R4 and resistor R5, the other end of resistor R4 is connected to the DC voltage VCC_5V; the other end of resistor R5 is grounded; the output terminal of operational amplifier U2 outputs an ADC_AC signal and outputs it to the microcontroller module, and is also connected to one end of resistor R6, the other end of resistor R6 is connected to the positive terminal of LED D4, and the negative terminal of LED D4 is grounded.

4. The intelligent residual current device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The power management module includes a rectifier bridge BD1, a power management chip U4, a voltage regulator chip U5, resistors R9 and R10, a bidirectional trigger diode RV1, a diode D5, a diode D6, an inductor L2, an electrolytic capacitor C7, an electrolytic capacitor C8, an electrolytic capacitor C9, a capacitor C10, and a capacitor C11. One end of resistor R9 is connected to the AC_L terminal of the connector plug, and the other end of resistor R9 is connected to one end of the bidirectional trigger diode RV1 and the AC input pin 2 of the rectifier bridge BD1. The other end of the bidirectional trigger diode RV1 is connected to the AC_N terminal of the connector plug and the AC input pin 1 of the rectifier bridge BD1. The negative DC output terminal of the rectifier bridge BD1 is grounded, and the positive DC output terminal of the rectifier bridge BD1 is connected to the DRAIN pin of the power management chip U4 and the positive terminal of the electrolytic capacitor C7. The negative terminal of the electrolytic capacitor C7 is grounded. The EN and HVDD pins of the power management chip U4 are shorted and connected to the positive terminal of the electrolytic capacitor C8 and the negative terminal of the diode D6. The negative terminal of the electrolytic capacitor C8 is connected to the power management chip U4. The GND pin of chip U4, one end of inductor L2, the negative terminal of diode D6, and the positive terminal of diode D6 are grounded; the positive terminal of diode D6, the other end of inductor L2, the positive terminal of electrolytic capacitor C9, one end of resistor R10, one end of capacitor C10, and the VIN pin of voltage regulator chip U5 are connected together to output a DC voltage VCC_12V; the other end of capacitor C10 is grounded; the positive terminal of diode D5, the negative terminal of electrolytic capacitor C9, and the other end of capacitor C10 are connected together and grounded; the TAP pin, VOUT pin, and one end of capacitor C11 of voltage regulator chip U5 are connected together to output a DC voltage VCC_5V; the other end of capacitor C11 is grounded; the GND pin of voltage regulator chip U5 is grounded.

5. The intelligent residual current device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The microcontroller module includes a microcontroller chip U6, a capacitor C12, a resistor R11, and a resistor R12. It also includes field-effect transistor U7, resistors R13, R14, R15, R16, and R17; Specifically, the VCC pin of microcontroller chip U6 is connected to one end of capacitor C12 and receives a DC voltage VCC_5V, while the other end of capacitor C12 is grounded; the PA4 / PA10 pins of microcontroller chip U6 are connected to one end of resistor R11 and one end of resistor R12, with the other end of resistor R11 connected to the thyristor output signal SCR_T; the other end of resistor R12 is grounded; the GND pin of microcontroller chip U6 is grounded; and the PA1 pin of microcontroller chip U6 is connected to the ADC_AC signal. One end of resistor R16 transmits the EN signal and is connected to the PA3 pin of microcontroller chip U6. The other end of resistor R16 is connected to one end of resistor R17 and the G1 pin of MOSFET U7. The other end of resistor R17 is connected to the S1 pin of MOSFET U7 and grounded. The D1 pin of MOSFET U7 is connected to one end of resistor R13. The S2 pin of MOSFET U7 is connected to one end of resistor R14 and one end of resistor R15 and connected to DC voltage VCC_12V. The other ends of resistor R13, R14, and MOSFET U7 are connected together. The D2 pin of MOSFET U7 is connected to the other end of resistor R15 and connected to DC voltage VCC_12VC1.

6. The intelligent residual current device according to claim 5, characterized in that, Perform the following steps S1-S7 to complete the leakage current detection and execute the corresponding power-off action: Step S1: Power on the system and supply power to the power management module; Step S2: Relays K1 and K2 operate normally, supplying power to the downstream circuits in the leakage current protection integrated module and the microcontroller module; Step S3: Zero-sequence current transformer L1 continuously detects leakage current. If leakage current is detected, leakage protection chip U3 generates leakage protection signal. Step S4: Under the action of the leakage protection signal, thyristor Q1 supplies power to the coils of relays K1 and K2, and relays K1 and K2 disconnect, cutting off the power supply to the subsequent circuit. Step S5: The microcontroller chip U6 judges the leakage status; if the leakage status judgment result is normal leakage, then the relays K1 and K2 remain in the open state; otherwise, proceed to step S6. Step S6: After 5 seconds, the microcontroller chip U6 resets the state of the leakage protection chip U3, cancels the leakage protection signal, and detects the leakage current again. If the detection result is normal leakage, relays K1 and K2 are disconnected, cutting off the power supply to the subsequent circuit. Otherwise, proceed to step S7; Step S7: After 15 seconds, the microcontroller chip U6 resets the state of the leakage protection chip U3, cancels the leakage protection signal, and detects the leakage current again. If the detection result is normal leakage, relays K1 and K2 are disconnected, cutting off the power supply to the subsequent circuit; otherwise, return to step S5 to complete the leakage judgment.

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