Feeder automation system and looped network power supply network

Abstract

The invention provides a feeder automation system and a looped network power supply network. The feeder automation system comprises management units correspondingly configured at nodes of the looped network power supply network; establishing a mobile communication network of a data transmission channel between adjacent management units; the clock synchronization network provides a synchronous clock signal for each management unit, each management unit can collect the electrical quantity of a corresponding node based on the synchronous clock signal, generates sampling data with a sampling timestamp, and exchanges the sampling data with the adjacent management unit through a data transmission channel; and performing differential protection based on the local side data and the opposite side data with the same timestamp to obtain a fault judgment result of a corresponding power transmission line in the looped network power supply network. According to the invention, the time synchronism of the sampling data of each node can be ensured, so that fault judgment errors caused by clock skew can be avoided, power supply faults can be quickly eliminated, and the power supply safety of a looped network power supply network can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power distribution system automation technology, and in particular to a feeder automation system and a ring network power supply network. Background Technology

[0002] Ring network power supply, with its daisy-chain topology offering advantages such as flexible power supply paths and high redundancy, has become the mainstream layout for urban power distribution networks. Its core requirement is to quickly handle faults such as short circuits and overloads in transmission lines to minimize power outage impacts.

[0003] Feeder automation (FA) is one of the most important components of distribution system automation. Its basic functions are fault location, fault isolation, and service restoration (FLISR) for non-faulty areas. However, existing feeder automation solutions suffer from the following problems: insufficient clock synchronization accuracy between substations and ring network cabinets in ring power supply networks; inability to guarantee accurate synchronization between sampled data from different nodes; and a tendency to misjudge power supply faults.

[0004] In view of this, there is an urgent need for a feeder automation solution that can improve synchronization accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a feeder management scheme, which aims to solve the problems of poor clock synchronization, unreliable fault isolation, and weak architecture adaptability in the existing ring network feeder management.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a feeder automation system is provided for use in a ring network power supply network comprising multiple nodes, each node being one of a substation and a ring main unit, with adjacent nodes connected by transmission lines to transmit electrical energy, the system comprising:

[0007] Multiple management units are configured at each node of the ring power supply network.

[0008] The mobile communication network is configured to establish data transmission channels between adjacent management units;

[0009] The clock synchronization network is configured to provide a unified synchronization clock signal to each management unit;

[0010] Each management unit is configured to perform the following operations:

[0011] Based on the synchronous clock signal, electrical quantities of corresponding nodes in the ring power supply network are collected to generate local sampling data with sampling timestamps. The local sampling data with sampling timestamps is sent to each adjacent management unit through the data transmission channel, and the opposite sampling data with sampling timestamps is obtained from each adjacent management unit. Based on the local sampling data with the same sampling timestamps and each opposite sampling data, differential protection calculation is performed to obtain the fault judgment result of the corresponding transmission line in the ring power supply network.

[0012] In some embodiments, the synchronous clock network includes a master clock configured with a GPS antenna; each management unit acts as a slave clock, synchronizing with the master clock by exchanging messages that satisfy a precise time protocol.

[0013] In some embodiments, each management unit is configured as follows:

[0014] Differential protection calculation is performed based on local and remote sampling data with the same sampling timestamp; if the result of the differential protection calculation meets the preset differential protection triggering condition, the transmission line between the current node corresponding to the local sampling data and the adjacent node corresponding to the remote sampling data in each node is switched to the disconnected state; wherein, the local or remote sampling data includes current value and / or voltage value.

[0015] In some embodiments, each node in the ring power supply network includes two substations and multiple ring main units, the multiple ring main units are connected sequentially by a chain, and the two substations are respectively connected to the two ring main units located at both ends; each transmission line in the ring power supply network is equipped with a power switch at both ends;

[0016] Furthermore, the step of switching the power transmission line between the current node and the adjacent node to a disconnected state includes: disconnecting two power switches on both sides of the power transmission line connecting the current node and the adjacent node, thereby switching the power transmission line between the current node and the adjacent node to a disconnected state.

[0017] In some embodiments, the ring network power supply network includes a tie switch installed in any one of the ring network cabinets, the tie switch being normally open, so that each ring network cabinet is powered by one of the two substations;

[0018] Furthermore, after switching the power transmission line between the current node and the adjacent node to the disconnected state, each management unit is also configured to:

[0019] Each fault unit transmits the load power of each fault node to the communication unit level by level through each data transmission channel. The management unit corresponding to the communication node equipped with the communication switch is determined as the communication unit. The management unit corresponding to each fault node that is currently in a de-energized state is the fault unit. The communication unit performs load transfer calculations based on the load power of each fault node and the power margin of the backup power supply. If the sum of the load power of each fault node is less than or equal to the power margin of the backup power supply, the communication switch is switched to the closed state. The backup power supply is the substation that currently supplies power to the communication node among the two substations.

[0020] In some embodiments, the communication unit is further configured to:

[0021] If the sum of the load power of each fault node exceeds the power margin of the backup power supply, a power restoration decision is generated based on the given power restoration rules; the power restoration decision is sent to each fault unit through each data transmission channel, and the execution results of each decision from each fault unit are received; based on the execution results of each decision from each fault unit, if it is determined that the power restoration decision has been completed, the interconnection switch is switched to the closed state.

[0022] In some embodiments, the power restoration rule is one or more of the following: a segment-based restoration rule, a load priority-based restoration rule, and a custom restoration rule.

[0023] In some embodiments, the communication unit is further configured to:

[0024] Through each data transmission channel, obtain the fault troubleshooting feedback result of the power transmission line between the current node and the adjacent node switching from the open state to the closed state, and restore the tie switch from the closed state to the normally open state.

[0025] In some embodiments, the system is configured to:

[0026] The system monitors the first communication status between each management unit and the clock synchronization network. In response to an abnormality in the first communication status of any management unit, it notifies each management unit to stop performing the differential protection calculation based on the local sampling data and each counterpart sampling data with the same sampling timestamp.

[0027] The system monitors the second communication status between each management unit and the mobile communication network. In response to an abnormality in the second communication status of any management unit, the system notifies the management unit with the abnormal second communication status to activate the local mode of feeder automation.

[0028] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a ring network power supply network is provided, which is connected to a feeder automation system as described in the first aspect, so as to perform fault handling of the ring network power supply network through the feeder automation system.

[0029] The feeder management solution provided by this invention synchronizes the clocks of each node in the ring power supply network through a clock synchronization network, ensuring the synchronization of sampled data from each node. This provides accurate data for differential protection calculations and enables precise judgment and control of transmission line fault states. Furthermore, by establishing a stable data transmission channel between adjacent management units through a mobile communication network, the reliability of line differential protection is improved, and the dependence on fiber optic channels is eliminated. This increases the flexibility of node deployment in the ring power supply network, enhances scenario compatibility, and reduces equipment modification costs.

[0030] The feeder management scheme provided by this invention enables independent clock calibration of each management unit through a synchronous clock network, which can avoid the clock asynchrony of each management unit due to network delay, ensure the synchronization of sampling data of each management unit, and guarantee the accuracy of differential calculation.

[0031] The feeder management scheme provided by this invention enables each management unit to perform differential protection calculations based on voltage / voltage data with the same timestamp, allowing each management unit to independently determine the transmission line faults between its own node and adjacent nodes, thus realizing the rapid location and disconnection of fault sections in the ring power supply network.

[0032] The feeder management scheme provided by the present invention transmits the load data of the faulty unit to the communication unit step by step through the mobile communication network, so that the communication unit can quickly restore power to each faulty node when it determines that the sum of the load power of each faulty node is less than or equal to the power margin of the backup power supply.

[0033] The feeder management scheme provided by this invention, when it is determined that the total load power of each fault node exceeds the power margin of the backup power supply, can not only improve the safety and reliability of load transfer by executing a power restoration decision that meets the power restoration rules, but also achieve power restoration to the maximum extent.

[0034] The feeder management solution provided by this invention automatically restores the interconnection switch to the normally open state after the fault is determined and eliminated, thereby avoiding the potential risks caused by long-term dual power supply and ensuring the standardization of system operation.

[0035] The feeder management scheme provided by this invention, when an abnormality is detected in the communication status between any management unit and the clock synchronization network, notifies each management unit to stop performing differential protection calculations, thereby ensuring the reliability of line differential protection. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a ring network power supply network.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a simplified structural diagram of a feeder automation system as an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 3 To be Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating an example of a feeder automation system applied in a ring network power supply system.

[0039] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the connection architecture between the various management units and the mobile communication network and clock synchronization network.

[0040] Figure 5 for Figure 2 The time synchronization principle diagram of each management unit in the system.

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the state of the fault isolation phase in a feeder automation system.

[0042] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the state of the load transfer phase in a feeder automation system.

[0043] List of reference numerals in the attached diagram:

[0044] 100. Ring power supply network 102a-102b, substation 104a-104d, ring main unit S10-S50, power switch 200, feeder automation system 202a-202n, management unit 203a-203b, customer premises equipment (CPE) 204, mobile communication network 204a-204m, data transmission channel 206, clock synchronization network 2060, master clock 302a-302f, nodes F1-F5, transmission line 502, synchronization message 504, response message 506, request message t1-t6, timestamp Detailed Implementation

[0045] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0046] The following detailed description of some embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Where there is no conflict between the embodiments, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other. The steps in the following method embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0047] Feeder automation is a core component of distribution automation. Its core objective is to quickly locate the faulty section, isolate the fault source, and restore normal power supply to non-faulty areas when faults such as short circuits and overloads occur in the distribution network, thereby reducing power outage time and impact. Currently, the mainstream feeder automation implementation models in the industry are mainly divided into three categories:

[0048] 1. Local Control: This mode eliminates the need for communication between the distribution master station, distribution substation, and terminals. When a fault occurs in the distribution network, it uses timing coordination based on local voltage and current changes to isolate the faulty area and restore power to the non-faulty area. However, this mode suffers from low fault location accuracy and difficulty adapting to complex ring network topologies.

[0049] 2. Centralized Control: In this mode, the Feeder Terminal Unit (FTU) reports fault information to the distribution automation master station via communication. The master station then makes unified decisions on fault location, isolation, and recovery strategies, and issues instructions to each feeder terminal unit for execution. This mode involves the entire distribution automation master station, resulting in high fault handling delays (affected by the master station's computing efficiency and communication link limitations). Furthermore, a failure at the master station can lead to the failure of the entire system, creating a reliability bottleneck.

[0050] 3. Distributed Control: A conventional distributed feeder automation system consists of three parts: Station Terminal Units (STUs), a peer-to-peer communication system, and a distribution automation master station. Through peer-to-peer communication and protection coordination between STUs, it achieves fault isolation and power restoration to non-faulty areas. Compared to local and centralized systems, this mode offers both comprehensive control functions and faster response speed. However, existing distributed feeder automation technologies still have the following drawbacks:

[0051] First, the exchange of fault information and sampling synchronization between adjacent STUs are highly dependent on fiber optic communication. However, fiber optic cabling is costly and difficult to install, making it less suitable for complex terrains or large-scale ring network scenarios.

[0052] Secondly, most existing differential protection systems use a "master-slave mode" and a "ping-pong algorithm" to calculate channel delays for synchronization. Since these methods rely on fiber optic communication, inconsistencies in the delays of the fiber optic transmission and reception channels can easily lead to time asynchrony among the various system units (STUs). Differential protection, in this context, refers to a power system protection method primarily used to detect and isolate internal faults in power equipment (such as transformers, generators, and busbars). Its core principle is to determine the presence of faults such as short circuits or insulation damage by comparing the difference in current across the equipment. When the difference exceeds a set threshold, the feeder automation system quickly activates, disconnecting the faulty circuit to prevent equipment damage and system failure.

[0053] To address the various problems existing in current distributed feeder automation technology, this invention proposes a feeder automation system based on mobile communication networks and clock synchronization networks. It relies on mobile communication networks to realize data interaction between management units (STUs) and uses clock synchronization networks to realize independent clock calibration and sampling synchronization of each management unit. This not only improves the power supply reliability and fault handling efficiency of the ring network power supply, but also makes the system deployment more flexible and applicable to a wider range of scenarios.

[0054] The specific implementation of each embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0055] To facilitate a clearer understanding of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention, the following will be combined with... Figure 1 The ring power supply network 100 shown provides a brief description of the technical background of this invention.

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, the ring network power supply network 100 may include two substations 102a and 102b and multiple ring main units 104a to 104d. Ring main units 104a, 104b, 104c, and 104d are connected sequentially, with substation 102a connected to the first ring main unit 104a and substation 102b connected to the last ring main unit 104d. Adjacent devices are connected by power lines to transmit electrical energy.

[0057] Substations 102a and 102b serve as the power input points for the ring power supply network 100, and are responsible for providing high-voltage power to the ring network, thus constituting the main power supply for the ring power supply network 100.

[0058] Ring main units 104a to 104d are used to divide the ring distribution line of the ring power supply network 100 into multiple sections, which can quickly isolate the faulty section in the event of a fault and ensure the normal power supply of the non-faulty section.

[0059] Each substation is equipped with circuit breaker switches (reference switches S10 and S50), and each ring main unit is equipped with two incoming line sectionalizing switches (reference switches S11, S12, S21, S22, S32, S41, S42) and several outgoing line sectionalizing switches (reference switches S13, S14, S15, S23, S24, S33, S43, S44, S45). Under normal operating conditions, each incoming line sectionalizing switch is in the normally closed state (i.e., the conducting state), used to control the on / off state of the transmission lines between two adjacent devices. For example, substation 102a controls the on / off state of the transmission line between itself and ring main unit 104a via power switch S10; ring main unit 104a controls the on / off state of the transmission line between itself and substation 102a via power switch S11, and controls the on / off state of the transmission line between itself and ring main unit 104b via power switch S12; ring main unit 104b controls the on / off state of the transmission line between itself and ring main unit 104a via power switch S21, and controls the on / off state of the transmission line between itself and ring main unit 104c via power switch S22, and so on.

[0060] Outgoing line sectionalizing switches (reference switches S13, S14, S15, S23, S24, S33, S43, S44, S45) connect the main line to the user-side branch lines, controlling the power supply to the branch lines to achieve fault isolation and load management. Through the coordinated operation of the incoming and outgoing switches, hierarchical control and protection can be achieved, ensuring the reliable operation of the 100% ring network power supply.

[0061] A tie switch (refer to tie switch S31 in ring main unit 104a) is provided in any ring main unit 100 of the ring power supply network 100. Under normal operating conditions, tie switch S31 is in the normally open state, so that each ring main unit in the ring power supply network 100 is powered by only one substation. For example, ring main units 104a and 104b are powered by substation 102a, and ring main units 104c and 104d are powered by substation 102b.

[0062] When a transmission line in the ring network power supply network 100 fails or needs maintenance, the tie switch can be switched to the closed state to transfer the load to the backup path, ensuring continuous power supply to non-faulty areas and realizing flexible switching of the "hand-in-hand ring network" power supply. For example, when a transmission line between ring network cabinets 104a and 104b fails, causing ring network cabinet 104b to be unable to continue to be powered by substation 102a, the tie switch S31 can be closed to allow substation 102b to supply power to ring network cabinet 104b sequentially through ring network cabinets 104d and 104c.

[0063] It should be understood that Figure 1The network architecture shown is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the invention. To avoid obscuring the technical focus of this case, Figure 1 The ring power supply network 100 shown only depicts the components associated with the technical solution of this invention. Those skilled in the art can further elaborate on the components based on actual application scenarios and / or usage requirements. Figure 1 The types and quantities of components in the ring power supply network 100 shown can be adjusted adaptively. For example, ring network cabinets 104e, 104f, etc. can also be set up.

[0064] Feeder automation system

[0065] Figure 2 A simplified structural diagram of a feeder automation system 200 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown, which can be applied to, for example... Figure 1 The ring network power supply network 100 shown is an example. Figure 2 As shown, the feeder automation system 200 in this embodiment mainly includes multiple management units 202a, 202b, ..., 202n, a mobile communication network 204, and a clock synchronization network 206.

[0066] Management units 202a, 202b, ..., 202n are configured at each node of the ring power supply network. Typically, there is a one-to-one configuration relationship between each management unit and each node.

[0067] For example, please refer to the reference. Figure 3 Each management unit 202a to 202f is configured at each node 302a to 302f in the ring network power supply network. Each node represents one of the substations or ring main units. For example, nodes 302a and 302f are substations, and nodes 302b to 302e are ring main units. For details regarding the connection relationships and structure between substations and ring main units in the ring network power supply network, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 1 The relevant descriptions in the text will not be repeated here.

[0068] It should be noted that, due to Figure 3 Ring power supply network and Figure 1 The architecture of the ring power supply network 100 is basically the same, therefore, Figure 3 Node 302a in Figure 1 Substation 102a in the text points to the same target; Figure 3 Node 302b in Figure 1 The ring main unit 104a in the middle points to the same target object; Figure 3 Node 302c in Figure 1 The ring main unit 104b in the middle points to the same target object; Figure 3 Node 302d in Figure 1 The ring main unit 104c in the middle points to the same target object; Figure 3Node 302e and Figure 1 The ring main unit 104d in the middle points to the same target object; Figure 3 Node 302f in Figure 1 Substation 102b in the text points to the same target.

[0069] In some embodiments, each management unit 202a to 202n may be a station terminal unit (STU).

[0070] The mobile communication network 204 is configured to establish data transmission channels 204a to 204m between two adjacent management units 202a to 202n, so as to allow data to be exchanged between two adjacent management units.

[0071] For example, refer to Figure 3 Adjacent management units 202a and 202b can exchange data through data transmission channel 204a; adjacent management units 202b and 202c can exchange data through data transmission channel 204b; adjacent management units 202c and 202d can exchange data through data transmission channel 204c, and so on.

[0072] In this embodiment, the data exchanged between two adjacent management units through the data transmission channel may include, but is not limited to: sampling data, fault judgment data, equipment status data, etc.

[0073] The sampling data includes voltage and / or current sampling values ​​of each node (substation or ring main unit) in the ring power supply network. For example, management unit 202b can send the voltage and / or current sampling values ​​of node 302b to management unit 202c through data transmission channel 204b, and can also obtain the voltage and / or current sampling values ​​of node 302c from management unit 202c through data transmission channel 204b.

[0074] The fault diagnosis data consists of fault diagnosis data for each transmission line in the ring network power supply network. For example, if management unit 202b determines that transmission line F2, which connects node 302b and node 302c, has a fault, management unit 202b can transmit the fault diagnosis data of transmission line F2 to management unit 202c through data transmission channel 204b.

[0075] Equipment status data includes the operating status of equipment at each node in the ring network power supply network (e.g., load power). Load power is the power required by the equipment to consume electrical energy and perform its functions. For example, management unit 202b can transmit the load power of node 302b to management unit 202c via data transmission channel 204b. Furthermore, management unit 202c can also transmit the load power of node 302b to management unit 202d via data transmission channel 204c, and so on, until it reaches the target management unit (e.g., management unit 202e) in the ring network power supply network, thereby realizing the hierarchical transmission of equipment status data between management units.

[0076] refer to Figure 4 In practical applications, each management unit of the feeder automation system 200 ( Figure 4 The illustration only shows management units 202a and 202b configured with customer premises equipment (CPE) 203a and 203b to provide communication connections between management units 202a and 202b and mobile communication network 204. Management unit 202a corresponds to customer premises equipment 203a, and management unit 202b corresponds to customer premises equipment 203b. More specifically, the customer premises equipment here needs to have a SIM card embedded. By setting up a mirror in the customer premises equipment, the management unit can communicate with adjacent management units. As a specific example, the management unit here is set in a relay protection device or is itself a relay protection device.

[0077] In some embodiments, the mobile communication network may include an existing 5G communication network or other types of communication networks that will emerge in future technological evolution.

[0078] The clock synchronization network 206 is configured to provide a unified synchronization clock signal to each management unit.

[0079] refer to Figure 4 In some embodiments, the synchronization clock network 206 includes a master clock 2060 configured with a GPS antenna, and each management unit in the feeder automation system 200 ( Figure 4 The diagram only illustrates, by way of example, that management units 202a and 202b each have an independent slave clock, which synchronizes with the master clock 2060 by exchanging messages that satisfy a precision time protocol (e.g., IEEE 1588 precision time protocol). This design enables independent clock calibration for each management unit, free from the delays of the fiber optic transceiver channel, thus ensuring clock synchronization between management units.

[0080] refer to Figure 5 Taking time synchronization of management unit 202a via synchronization clock network 206 as an example, the master clock 2060 of synchronization clock network 206 can periodically send synchronization messages 502 to management unit 202a (slave clock) and record the sending timestamp t1 of synchronization message 502. After receiving synchronization message 502, management unit 202a (slave clock) records the receiving timestamp t2 of synchronization message 502 and sends a response message 504 of synchronization message 502 to master clock 2060, and records the sending timestamp t3 of response message 504. After recording the receiving timestamp t4 of response message 504, master clock 2060 sends a request message 506 (e.g., Pdelay_Req message) to management unit 202a (slave clock) again, and records the sending timestamp t5 of request message 506. After receiving request message 506, management unit 202a (slave clock) records the timestamp t6 of receiving request message 506.

[0081] The offset between the management unit 202a (slave clock) and the master clock 2060 can be calculated based on the transmission timestamps t1, t3, t5 and the reception timestamps t2, t4, t6. Its calculation formula can be expressed as:

[0082]

[0083] Management unit 202a (from clock) can adjust according to offset Perform clock calibration to synchronize with the master clock 2060.

[0084] Accordingly, this embodiment abandons the traditional time synchronization method based on master-slave mode or ping-pong mode, and instead adopts the Precision Time Protocol (PTP protocol, or IEEE1588 Precision Time Protocol) to realize the time synchronization of different management units. In this mode, two adjacent management units no longer synchronize based on the clock cycle of the other side device, and the time accuracy can be controlled within 1 microsecond (1μs), thereby meeting the basic requirements of line differential protection for sampling synchronization.

[0085] In some embodiments, each management unit 202a, 202b, ..., 202n in the feeder automation system 200 can be configured to perform the following operations:

[0086] Based on a synchronous clock signal, electrical quantities at corresponding nodes in the ring power supply network are collected, generating local sampling data with sampling timestamps. This local sampling data is then sent to each adjacent management unit via a data transmission channel. Converse sampling data with sampling timestamps is obtained from each adjacent management unit. Based on the local sampling data with the same sampling timestamps and each of the converse sampling data, differential protection calculations are performed to obtain the fault diagnosis result for the corresponding transmission line in the ring power supply network. Here, the converse sampling data refers to the sampling data sent by the adjacent management units.

[0087] In some embodiments, the electrical quantities collected may include current and / or voltage values. Correspondingly, the local or remote sampling data may include current and / or voltage values.

[0088] refer to Figure 3 Taking management unit 202b as an example, the management units adjacent to management unit 202b include management unit 202a and management unit 202c.

[0089] The management unit 202b can sample the electrical quantities (current and / or voltage) of node 302b (ring mains cabinet) based on the synchronous clock signal, and after sampling, package the sampled data and record the sampling timestamp to generate local sampling data with sampling timestamp.

[0090] Management unit 202b can send local sampled data to management unit 202a via data transmission channel 204a, and receive local sampled data from management unit 202a via data transmission channel 204a, using it as the counterpart sampled data for management unit 202b. Management unit 202b can perform differential protection calculations based on local and counterpart sampled data with the same sampling timestamp to determine whether a fault exists in transmission line F1.

[0091] Similarly, management unit 202b can also send local sampled data to management unit 202c through data transmission channel 204b, and receive local sampled data from management unit 202c through data transmission channel 204b as another opposite-side sampled data of management unit 202b. Based on the local sampled data and the opposite-side sampled data with the same sampling timestamp, differential protection calculation is performed to obtain the judgment result of whether there is a fault in transmission line F2.

[0092] In this embodiment, each management unit 202a, 202b, ..., 202n in the feeder automation system 200 can perform data sampling based on an agreed time (e.g., a fixed sampling interval) to obtain sampled data with the same sampling timestamp.

[0093] In some embodiments, each management unit performing a transmission line fault determination operation may include:

[0094] Any two adjacent management units are respectively defined as the current unit (e.g., management unit 202b) and the adjacent unit (e.g., management unit 202c). The two nodes in the ring power supply network corresponding to the current unit and the adjacent unit are respectively defined as the current node (e.g., node 302b corresponding to management unit 202b) and the adjacent node (e.g., node 302c corresponding to management unit 202c).

[0095] Differential protection calculations can be performed using the current unit 202b based on the local sampling data (i.e., the sampling data of node 302b) and the opposite sampling data (i.e., the sampling data of node 302c) with the same sampling timestamp. If the result of the differential protection calculation meets the preset differential protection triggering conditions, the transmission line F2 between the current node 302b and the adjacent node 302c will be switched to the disconnected state (see reference). Figure 6 (The disconnected state is shown). If the result of the differential protection calculation does not meet the differential protection triggering condition, the connection state of the transmission line F2 between the current node 302b and the adjacent node 302c is maintained (i.e., the disconnected state is shown). Figure 3 (Connection status). As can be seen from the above, each management unit can perform differential protection calculations based on the sampled data from its own node and adjacent nodes, thereby determining the operating status of the corresponding transmission line. This allows each node in the feeder automation system to independently complete fault diagnosis and isolation operations without relying on centralized control.

[0096] In this embodiment, each node in the ring power supply network is equipped with one or more power switches, such that a power switch is installed on both sides of the transmission line connecting two adjacent nodes in the ring power supply network.

[0097] like Figure 3 As shown, in practical applications, when the nodes are substations (refer to nodes 302a and 302f), each node is typically equipped with one power switch (refer to power switch S10 in node 302a and power switch S50 in node 302f). The power switches installed in the substations are usually circuit breakers. When the nodes are ring main units (refer to nodes 302b, 302c, 302d, and 302e), each node is typically equipped with two power switches (refer to the two power switches S11 and S12 in node 302b; and the two power switches S21 and S22 in node 302c). The power switches installed in the ring main units can be circuit breakers or tie switches.

[0098] Specifically, by disconnecting the two power switches S12 and S21 on both sides of the power transmission line F2 connecting the current node 302b and the adjacent node 302c, the power transmission line F2 between the current node 302b and the adjacent node 302c can be switched to the disconnected state.

[0099] In practical applications, if the power switch is a circuit breaker, it can be switched to the open state by direct tripping; if the power switch is a tie switch, it is necessary to wait until there is no current flowing through the tie switch before switching the tie switch to the open state.

[0100] In some embodiments, after switching the power line between the current node and its neighboring nodes to an open state, each management unit is further configured to:

[0101] The management unit corresponding to the communication node with the communication switch in each node is defined as the communication unit, and the management unit corresponding to each fault node that is currently in a de-energized state in each node is defined as the fault unit.

[0102] For example, in Figure 6 In the example shown, node 302d, which is equipped with a tie switch S31, is designated as a tie node, and the management unit 202d corresponding to this tie node 302d is designated as a tie unit. After the transmission line F2 is switched to the disconnected state, each node 302c that is currently in a de-energized state is designated as a fault node, and the management unit 202c corresponding to the fault node 302c is designated as a fault unit.

[0103] Each faulty unit can transmit the load power of each faulty node to the communication unit step by step through the data transmission channels built by the mobile communication network.

[0104] For example, in Figure 6 In the example shown, since the fault unit 202c and the communication unit 202d are arranged adjacently, the fault unit 202c can directly send the load power of the fault node 302c before the fault to the communication unit 202d through the data transmission channel 204c.

[0105] In some embodiments, when the fault unit and the tie unit in the ring network power supply network are not adjacent, the load power of the fault node can be sequentially sent to the tie unit through the data transmission channels established between two adjacent management units via the mobile communication network 204. If the fault section does not contain a tie switch, after fault isolation, the management unit downstream of the fault point can transmit the fault clearance information to the lower-level management unit, while simultaneously transmitting the load current carrying information before the fault in this section sequentially, stopping at the tie switch.

[0106] For example, in Figure 6In the example shown, assuming that the management unit 202b is a fault unit, the fault unit 202b can first send the load power of the fault node 302b to the management unit 202c through the data transmission channel 204b, and then the management unit 202c sends the load power of the fault node 302b to the communication unit 202d through the data transmission channel 204c.

[0107] The interconnection unit can perform load transfer calculations based on the load power of each failed node and the power margin of the backup power supply. If the sum of the load power of each failed node is less than or equal to the power margin of the backup power supply, the interconnection switch will be switched to the closed state. Here, power margin refers to the additional power capacity that the equipment or system can safely provide beyond the power required for normal operation.

[0108] In this embodiment, the backup power source is one of the two substations that is currently supplying power to the interconnection node.

[0109] For example, in Figure 6 In the example shown, the substation (node ​​202f) can be designated as the backup power source. The tie unit 202d can calculate the sum of the load power of each faulty node. If the calculated sum is less than or equal to the power margin of the backup power source, the tie switch S31 can be directly switched to the closed state (see reference). Figure 7 (as shown in the image) to restore power to all faulty nodes.

[0110] In some embodiments, if the communication unit determines that the total load power of each faulty node exceeds the power margin of the backup power supply, it can generate a power restoration decision based on given power restoration rules. This decision is then sent to each faulty unit through various data transmission channels, and the communication unit receives the execution results of each decision from each faulty unit. Based on the execution results of each decision from each faulty unit, and upon determining that the power restoration decision has been completed, the communication switch is switched to the closed state to restore power to a portion of the faulty nodes. The given power restoration rules for each node can be the same or different. The corresponding power restoration rules can be determined based on the role of each node to match the functional positioning and operational requirements of different nodes in the ring network power supply, offering high flexibility and better adaptability to complex and diverse power supply scenarios.

[0111] For example, in Figure 6In the example shown, if the communication unit 202d determines that the load power of the fault node 202c exceeds the power margin of the backup power supply, it generates a power restoration decision based on the given power restoration rules and sends the power restoration decision to the fault unit 202c through the data transmission channel 204c. Based on this power restoration decision, the fault unit 202c can determine the on / off state of each power switch in node 302 (ring mains cabinet) and control each power switch S22, S23, and S24 in node 302 to perform corresponding switching operations. For example, the fault unit 202c can keep power switches S22 and S24 closed and open power switch S23 to cut off the power supply downstream of power switch S23, thereby reducing the load power of the fault node 202c.

[0112] After the fault node 202c completes the switching control of each power switch S22, S23, and S24, it can return the corresponding decision execution results to the communication unit 202d again through the data transmission channel 204c. The communication unit 202d can then switch the communication switch S31 to the closed state (refer to...) if it determines that the power restoration decision has been completed. Figure 7 (The state shown).

[0113] In some embodiments, the power restoration rule is one or more of the following: a segment-based restoration rule, a load priority-based restoration rule, and a custom restoration rule.

[0114] The section-based restoration rule refers to determining the restoration sequence of power supply to each node (ring network cabinet) according to the geographical area or line section where each node is located in the ring network power supply network.

[0115] The load priority restoration rule refers to determining the restoration order of power supply to each node (ring mains unit) according to the power supply purpose of each node (e.g., prioritizing according to the importance of users or loads).

[0116] Customized recovery rules refer to flexibly configuring the power restoration sequence of each node (ring network cabinet) according to the actual usage requirements of the scenario.

[0117] Each node (ring mains unit) can include any of the above power restoration rules. Users can select one of the power restoration rules as the given power restoration rule according to actual needs, and can also change the given power restoration rule according to actual needs. It has high flexibility and strong adaptability.

[0118] In some embodiments, the communication unit can also obtain the fault troubleshooting feedback result of the power transmission line between the current node and the adjacent node switching from the open state to the closed state through each data transmission channel, and restore the communication switch from the closed state to the normally open state.

[0119] For example, the liaison unit 202d can obtain the fault-clearing feedback result of the transmission line F2 between the current node 202b and the adjacent node 202c changing from an open state to a closed state through the data transmission channel 204c, and change the liaison switch S31 from the current closed state (refer to...) Figure 7 The state shown in the image is restored to the normally disconnected state (refer to the image). Figure 3 (As shown in the diagram). This mechanism allows the interconnecting switch to be promptly restored to the normally open state after fault resolution, returning to a single power supply mode. This avoids risks such as circulating current and protection malfunctions caused by long-term dual-power supply operation, ensuring the system operates according to specifications.

[0120] In some instances, the feeder automation system 200 is also configured as follows:

[0121] The system monitors the first communication status between each management unit 202a, 202b, ..., 202n and the clock synchronization network 206, and in response to any abnormality in the communication status between any management unit and the clock synchronization network 206, notifies each management unit to stop performing differential protection calculations.

[0122] In some instances, the feeder automation system 200 is also configured as follows:

[0123] The system monitors the second communication status between each management unit 202a, 202b, ..., 202n and the mobile communication network 204. In response to an anomaly in the second communication status of any management unit (e.g., management unit 202b), the system notifies the management unit 202b with the anomaly to initiate the local mode of feeder automation. It should be noted that the local mode of feeder automation is a known technology in the art and will not be described in detail herein.

[0124] In summary, the feeder management method of this embodiment uses a clock synchronization network to synchronize the clocks of each node in the ring power supply network, so that adjacent nodes no longer need to synchronize according to the clock cycle of the opposite node, thereby effectively improving the time synchronization of the sampling data of each node and meeting the high precision requirements of line differential protection for sampling synchronization.

[0125] Meanwhile, the feeder management method in this embodiment uses a mobile communication network to replace the traditional optical fiber network to perform data interaction between adjacent nodes, which can improve the flexibility of the deployment of each node in the ring power supply network, enhance scenario compatibility, and reduce equipment modification costs.

[0126] Furthermore, the feeder management method of this embodiment, when it is determined that the sum of the load power of each fault node exceeds the power margin of the backup power supply, can achieve the maximum range of power restoration by executing a power restoration decision that meets the power restoration rules, while ensuring the safety and reliability of load transfer, thereby improving the execution efficiency of power restoration in the fault section and reducing economic losses.

[0127] Ring power supply network

[0128] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a ring network power supply network, which is connected to the feeder automation system 200 of the above embodiment, so as to perform fault handling of each transmission line in the ring network power supply network through the feeder automation system 200.

[0129] In summary, the ring network power supply network of this embodiment, through the feeder automation system of the above embodiment, efficiently performs fault area judgment, fault area isolation, and power restoration processing of the isolated area, thereby improving the fault handling capability, power supply continuity, and operational stability of the ring network power supply network and ensuring reliable power supply.

[0130] In this patented invention, nouns and pronouns related to people are not limited to specific genders.

[0131] In the above embodiments, the hardware modules can be implemented mechanically or electrically. For example, a hardware module may include permanent, dedicated circuitry or logic (such as a dedicated processor, FPGA, or ASIC) to perform the corresponding operations. The hardware module may also include programmable logic or circuitry (such as a general-purpose processor or other programmable processor), which can be temporarily configured by software to perform the corresponding operations. The specific implementation method (mechanical, dedicated, permanent circuitry, or temporarily configured circuitry) can be determined based on cost and time considerations.

[0132] The present invention has been shown and described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to these disclosed embodiments. Based on the above multiple embodiments, those skilled in the art will know that more embodiments of the present invention can be obtained by combining the technical means in the different embodiments above, and these embodiments are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feeder automation system (200) applied to a ring network power supply network including multiple nodes (302a-302f), each node being one of a substation (102a, 102b) and a ring main unit (104a-104d), with adjacent nodes connected by transmission lines (F1-F5) to transmit electrical energy, the system (200) comprising: Multiple management units (202a-202n) are configured at each node (302a-302f) of the ring power supply network. The mobile communication network (204) is configured to establish a data transmission channel (204a-204m) between two adjacent management units. The clock synchronization network (206) is configured to provide a uniform synchronization clock signal to each management unit; Each management unit (202a-202n) is configured to perform the following operations: Based on the synchronous clock signal, electrical quantities of corresponding nodes in the ring network power supply are collected to generate local sampling data with sampling timestamps; Through the data transmission channel, the local sampling data with sampling timestamps is sent to each adjacent management unit, and the opposite sampling data with sampling timestamps is obtained from each adjacent management unit. Based on the local sampling data with the same sampling timestamp and the sampling data of each opposite side, differential protection calculation is performed to obtain the fault judgment result of the corresponding transmission line in the ring power supply network.

2. The feeder automation system according to claim 1, wherein, The synchronous clock network (206) includes a master clock (2060) configured with a GPS antenna. Each management unit (202a-202n) acts as a slave clock, synchronizing with the master clock (2060) by exchanging messages that satisfy the precision time protocol.

3. The feeder automation system according to claim 1, wherein, Each management unit (202a-202n) is configured as follows: Differential protection calculations are performed based on local and remote sampled data with the same sampling timestamp; If the result of the differential protection calculation meets the preset differential protection triggering condition, the transmission line between the current node corresponding to the local sampling data and the adjacent node corresponding to the opposite sampling data in each node will be switched to the disconnected state. The sampled data on this side or the sampled data on the opposite side includes current values ​​and / or voltage values.

4. The feeder automation system according to claim 3, wherein, Each node in the ring power supply network includes two substations (302a, 302f) and multiple ring main units (302b-302e). The multiple ring main units are connected in sequence, and the two substations are respectively connected to the ring main units located at both ends. Each power transmission line (F1-F5) in the ring network is equipped with a power switch (S10-S50) at both ends. And among them, Switching the power transmission line between the current node and the adjacent node to a disconnected state includes: By disconnecting the two power switches on both sides of the power transmission line connecting the current node and the adjacent node, the power transmission line between the current node and the adjacent node is switched to an open state.

5. The feeder automation system according to claim 4, wherein, The ring network power supply network includes a tie switch installed in any one of the ring network cabinets. The tie switch is normally open, so that each ring network cabinet is powered by one of the two substations. Furthermore, after switching the power transmission line between the current node and the adjacent node to the disconnected state, each management unit is also configured to: Each fault unit transmits the load power of each fault node to the communication unit step by step through each data transmission channel. The management unit corresponding to the communication node equipped with the communication switch in each node is the communication unit. The management unit corresponding to each fault node that is currently in a de-energized state in each node is the fault unit. The communication unit performs load transfer calculations based on the load power of each fault node and the power margin of the backup power supply. If the sum of the load power of each fault node is less than or equal to the power margin of the backup power supply, the communication switch is switched to the closed state. The backup power source is one of the two substations that is currently supplying power to the connection node.

6. The feeder automation system according to claim 5, wherein, The communication unit is also configured to: If the sum of the load power of each faulty node exceeds the power margin of the backup power supply, a power restoration decision is generated based on the given power restoration rules. The power restoration decision is sent to each fault unit through each data transmission channel, and the execution results of each decision are received from each fault unit. Based on the decision execution results of each fault unit, if it is determined that the power restoration decision has been completed, the communication switch is switched to the closed state.

7. The feeder automation system according to claim 6, wherein, The power restoration rules are one or more of the following: restoration rules by section, restoration rules by load priority, and restoration rules by user-defined rules.

8. The feeder automation system according to claim 5, wherein, The communication unit is also configured to: Through each data transmission channel, obtain the fault troubleshooting feedback result of the power transmission line between the current node and the adjacent node switching from the open state to the closed state, and restore the tie switch from the closed state to the normally open state.

9. The feeder automation system according to claim 1, wherein, The system is configured as follows: The system monitors the first communication status between each management unit and the clock synchronization network. In response to an abnormality in the first communication status of any management unit, it notifies each management unit to stop performing the differential protection calculation based on the local sampling data and each counterpart sampling data with the same sampling timestamp. The system monitors the second communication status between each management unit and the mobile communication network. In response to an abnormality in the second communication status of any management unit, the system notifies the management unit with the abnormal second communication status to activate the local mode of feeder automation.

10. A ring network power supply network, wherein the ring network power supply network is connected to a feeder automation system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, so as to perform fault handling of the ring network power supply network through the feeder automation system.

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