Grounding wire management operating system based on ground wire cabinet monitoring

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of power system security technology, specifically disclosing a grounding wire management operating system based on grounding cabinet monitoring. This system includes a physical sensing layer, an edge computing layer, a blockchain consensus layer, and an application service layer. The physical sensing layer collects grounding wire identity, in-situ status, and electrical parameters; the edge computing layer performs local data processing and event determination; the blockchain consensus layer achieves trusted data storage and cross-domain sharing through smart contracts and distributed ledgers; and the application service layer provides comprehensive asset display, collaborative verification, and risk warning services. Through this architecture, this invention achieves unified management and secure collaboration of grounding wire lifecycle data, improving the level of power grid safety operation and maintenance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of power system safety technology, specifically relating to a grounding wire management operating system based on grounding cabinet monitoring. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of power system safety operation and maintenance, grounding wires, as a critical electrical safety device, are essential for ensuring the safety of power grid maintenance personnel and the stable operation of equipment through their standardized use and reliable management. With the in-depth development of smart grid and Internet of Things technologies, higher requirements are being placed on the digital and intelligent management of power safety tools, including the status monitoring, usage records, and full lifecycle management of grounding wires.

[0003] Centralized monitoring and management of grounding wires based on grounding cabinets is an important technological direction for improving on-site operational safety. This direction aims to replace the traditional management model that relies on manual registration and on-site inspection by deploying sensors and communication modules in the grounding cabinets to achieve real-time acquisition and remote monitoring of the storage status of grounding wires inside the cabinets, loan / return records, and even electrical performance parameters, thereby reducing the risk of misoperation and missed detection.

[0004] While existing technologies have enabled localized monitoring of single-point grounding cabinets, they have significant shortcomings in building a systemic security defense line across regions and levels. Grounding management systems deployed by different power grid companies or in different regions often employ independent data standards and communication protocols, creating information silos. This prevents the secure and efficient sharing and collaborative verification of grounding wire transfer records, historical performance data, and real-time status within authorized scopes. This data barrier makes it impossible to analyze grounding wire usage patterns, lifecycles, and potential risks from a global perspective, hindering preventative maintenance and optimal resource allocation, and further limiting the possibility of improving the overall power grid security operation and maintenance level based on big data analysis. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a grounding wire management operating system based on grounding cabinet monitoring, in order to solve the problem that the lack of unified data standards and protocols between different systems in the existing technology leads to information silos, which results in the inability to securely share and coordinate grounding wire data across regions throughout its entire life cycle, thereby restricting global security analysis and resource optimization.

[0006] This invention provides a grounding management operating system based on grounding cabinet monitoring. The system consists of a four-layer collaborative architecture comprising a physical sensing layer, an edge computing layer, a blockchain consensus layer (deployed in the Southern Power Grid intranet), and an application service layer.

[0007] The physical sensing layer, integrated inside each grounding cabinet, is used to collect multi-dimensional status data of the grounding wires in real time. This layer includes an identification module, a status sensing module, and an electrical parameter detection module. The identification module uses a 13.56MHz high-frequency RFID reader to read the unique identification code stored in the passive RFID tag attached to the handle of each grounding wire. The status sensing module uses an array of infrared through-beam sensors and diffuse reflection sensors. The array of infrared through-beam sensors is deployed at each mounting point of the grounding cabinet to detect whether the grounding wire is in place; the diffuse reflection sensors are installed on the side of the mounting point to assist in detecting whether the grounding wire is in place. The electrical parameter detection module integrates DC resistance and insulation resistance measurement functions. In the actual system, the measurement mode can be enabled or disabled according to the operation and maintenance needs. When the measurement mode is not enabled, it only exists as a physical detection port to trigger return status confirmation; when the measurement mode is enabled, it can collect the DC resistance and insulation resistance parameters of the grounding wires in real time.

[0008] The edge computing layer, deployed within the industrial gateway device on the grounding cabinet side, is used for localized processing, protocol encapsulation, and preliminary decision-making of the raw data uploaded from the physical sensing layer. This layer includes a data preprocessing unit, an event rule engine, and a local communication agent. The data preprocessing unit filters, calibrates, and timestamps the collected raw sensor data, and integrates the identification code, presence status, load data, and electrical parameters into a structured grounding wire status record. The event rule engine has pre-set status logic judgment rules, which stipulate that: when the identification module reads a valid code, and the array-type infrared beam sensor and pressure sensor at the corresponding point simultaneously detect presence and load signals, the grounding wire is determined to be returned and reliably mounted; when only the identification code is read but the sensor does not detect presence and load signals, it is determined to be in a borrowed state; when the DC resistance value measured by the electrical parameter detection module exceeds the threshold of 1.5 milliohms or the insulation resistance value is lower than the threshold of 10 megohms, an electrical performance abnormality alarm event is generated. The local communication agent is used to encapsulate structured status records and event alarms according to a unified IoT communication protocol and send them to the upper-layer system.

[0009] The blockchain consensus layer, serving as a trusted evidence storage and traceability platform within the system, is maintained by multiple participating nodes deployed within the Southern Power Grid intranet (a dedicated enterprise-level communication network of the Southern Power Grid, employing a three-tiered architecture of "core nodes - regional nodes - edge nodes," supporting distributed deployment and encrypted communication of consortium blockchain nodes. This architecture is universal and can be directly adapted to the intranet environments of other power grid companies such as the State Grid and Inner Mongolia Power Grid). This layer includes a smart contract module, a cross-chain communication relay, and a distributed ledger. The smart contract module deploys a grounding wire lifecycle management contract, which defines the data structure and execution rules for business logic such as grounding wire asset registration, status updates, borrowing and returning processes, performance alarms, and allocation records. All grounding wire status change records and events uploaded from the edge computing layer must undergo consensus verification by the participating nodes before being written into the distributed ledger as an immutable transaction. The cross-chain communication relay connects independent blockchain networks within different power grid management domains, enabling cross-chain identity verification and atomic exchange of status information. The distributed ledger stores the complete historical state trajectory, operation records, and performance data of all ground wires in a time-series chain.

[0010] The application service layer, built upon the blockchain consensus layer, provides authorized users with various data services and application interfaces. This layer includes an asset panorama view service, a collaborative verification service, and a data analysis and early warning service. The asset panorama view service, by querying the distributed ledger, can display in real time the geographical location, current status, affiliated unit, and latest electrical parameters of all grounding wires across the entire network or within a specified area, forming a global asset map. The collaborative verification service is invoked when cross-regional operations or grounding wire transfers are involved. This service initiates collaborative verification requests to the blockchain nodes of relevant parties to verify whether the current status, historical performance records, and ownership information of the target grounding wire meet the transfer or usage conditions, and returns the aggregated verification results from multiple parties. The data analysis and early warning service, based on historical big data stored in the ledger, runs a lifetime prediction model and a risk correlation model. The lifetime prediction model predicts the remaining reliable lifetime and generates preventative replacement recommendations by analyzing the cumulative usage count, current history, and environmental data of the grounding wire. The risk correlation model identifies potential systemic security risk patterns by analyzing the temporal, spatial, and equipment correlation of alarm events.

[0011] As one embodiment of the present invention, the state logic judgment rules in the event rule engine are further refined. For returned and reliably mounted states, the rule engine also initiates a confirmation window lasting 5 minutes; during this window period, if the load data detected by the pressure sensor experiences a sudden change exceeding a preset threshold of 30%, it is determined as a mounting instability event, triggering a local audible and visual alarm, and simultaneously uploading the event. For electrical performance abnormality alarm events, the rule engine classifies them according to the type and severity of the abnormal parameters; DC resistance exceeding the standard is marked as a level one alarm, and insulation resistance exceeding the standard is marked as a level two alarm, along with specific measurement values.

[0012] As one embodiment of the present invention, the execution process of the grounding wire lifecycle management contract is as follows. When the edge computing layer uploads a grounding wire status change transaction, the contract first verifies the transaction signature to ensure the data source is trustworthy. Next, the contract checks whether the grounding wire asset has been registered on the blockchain. For lending operations, the contract requires the transaction to include the operator's identity and job task number, updates the grounding wire status to "lent," and records the lending time, operator, and task information. For return operations, in addition to updating the status to "returned," the contract must also associate the uploaded electrical testing parameters; if the parameters are abnormal, the performance status of the grounding wire is automatically marked in the ledger. For transfer operations, the contract requires the initiating and receiving nodes to sign a multi-party transaction in sequence to ensure that the asset ownership is clearly and undisputedly transferred on the ledger.

[0013] As one embodiment of the present invention, the cross-chain communication relay's workflow is implemented based on a hash time-locking protocol. When the application service layer initiates a cross-chain collaborative verification request, the relay generates a hash lock containing the target grounding information query conditions on the source chain and sets a time lock; the verification node on the target chain completes its local ledger query within a limited time, locks the verification result with the hash lock, and returns it; after verifying the hash correctness, the source chain relay releases the locked result to the requester, thereby completing the trusted verification and exchange of cross-chain information without exposing all ledger data of all parties.

[0014] As one embodiment of the present invention, the life prediction model in the data analysis and early warning service is constructed using a long short-term memory network based on an attention mechanism. The model's input feature vector includes the cumulative number of grounding wire operations, historical average current carrying capacity, environmental temperature and humidity time-series data, and parameters from previous electrical tests.

[0015] Among them, the historical average current carrying capacity data is synchronously obtained from the grounding wire operation work order database of the power grid operation and maintenance management system. This data records the line current parameters each time the grounding wire is connected and used. The environmental temperature and humidity time series data is retrieved in real time from the sensor network of the substation environmental monitoring system. This system and this operating system achieve data interoperability through the standard OPC UA protocol.

[0016] The model learns the nonlinear relationship between these features and the performance degradation of the grounding wire through training, and outputs the probability values ​​of the grounding wire's performance failure at three time points in the next 30 days, 90 days, and 180 days. When the failure probability value in the next 30 days exceeds a preset threshold of 15%, the system automatically generates a preventive maintenance work order.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, the system operation process follows the principle of combining state-driven and event-triggered approaches. The system's normal operation is driven by periodic data acquisition from the physical sensing layer, while the edge computing layer collects sensor data and performs state determination every 10 seconds. When the event rule engine detects a state change or alarm event, it immediately triggers data upload and blockchain transaction. The collaborative verification service and data analysis and early warning service of the application service layer are executed based on external requests or preset scheduled tasks.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] 1. This invention fundamentally breaks down the information silos of traditional grounding wire management systems by constructing a four-layer collaborative architecture: physical sensing, edge computing, blockchain consensus (deployed on the intranet), and application services. The blockchain consensus layer, acting as a trusted data hub, unifies and shares grounding wire status, operation records, and performance data scattered across different regions and systems in an immutable manner, establishing a cross-domain, mutually trusting data foundation. This makes global asset visibility and cross-regional collaborative verification possible, achieving a leap from single-point monitoring to a systemic security defense.

[0020] 2. This invention deploys an event rule engine with complex logic judgment capabilities at the edge computing layer, realizing the localization and intelligentization of state recognition. This engine comprehensively processes signals from multiple sensors, including identity, presence, and load-bearing capacity, accurately distinguishing subtle states such as reliable mounting and unstable mounting, and directly linking them to electrical performance detection. This achieves a transformation from simple state reporting to deep safety event perception. This edge intelligent processing not only reduces the pressure on uplink communication and central computing but also significantly improves the real-time performance and accuracy of state judgment, providing immediate protection for on-site operational safety.

[0021] 3. This invention integrates a risk warning function based on big data analysis at the application service layer, particularly through advanced machine learning models to predict the lifespan of grounding wires. The system can utilize the full lifecycle data accumulated in the blockchain ledger to deeply mine equipment degradation patterns and risk correlations, shifting management from post-event handling and scheduled maintenance to pre-event prediction and preventative maintenance. This significantly optimizes the configuration and update strategies for grounding wire assets, reduces potential safety risks caused by tool failures, and improves the precision and foresight of power grid safety operation and maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall technical solution architecture of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the core principle framework of the four-layer collaborative architecture in this invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a logical flowchart of the collaborative work between physical sensing and edge computing layers in this invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-level interaction relationship and data flow of the blockchain consensus layer (deployed on the intranet) in this invention to achieve trusted cross-domain data sharing;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle framework of intelligent early warning based on full lifecycle data in the application service layer of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] Example 1: The overall technical architecture of the grounding wire management operating system based on grounding cabinet monitoring proposed in this invention is shown in the attached figure. Figure 1 As shown, the system adopts a four-layer collaborative architecture, consisting of a physical sensing layer, an edge computing layer, a blockchain consensus layer, and an application service layer from bottom to top. This four-layer structure is logically tightly coupled and strictly adheres to the principles of layer-by-layer encapsulation, level-by-level verification, and global sharing in data flow, ensuring high reliability, strong consistency, and immutability throughout the entire process from physical state acquisition to cross-domain collaborative decision-making. The following will combine the attached... Figure 2 To be continued Figure 5 The functional modules and their interaction mechanisms at each layer are explained in detail.

[0028] First, the physical sensing layer is integrated inside each grounding cabinet and serves as the data source for the entire system. Please refer to the appendix. Figure 3 The physical sensing layer comprises three core sub-units: an identification module, a status sensing module, and an electrical parameter detection module. The identification module uses a 13.56MHz high-frequency RFID reader to non-contactly read the unique identification code stored in the passive RFID tag attached to the handle of each grounding wire. This identification code is a 64-bit hexadecimal string, burned into the device once at the factory, and is globally unique, serving as a digital identity for the grounding wire throughout its entire lifecycle.

[0029] The status sensing module consists of an array of infrared beam sensors and a diffuse reflection sensor. The array of infrared beam sensors is deployed at each mounting point of the grounding cabinet, with each point equipped with a pair of transmitters and receivers. When the grounding wire is inserted into the mounting point, the infrared beam is blocked, and the receiver outputs a low-level signal; conversely, it outputs a high-level signal. The diffuse reflection sensor is installed on the side wall of the mounting point to detect whether the grounding wire is inserted correctly. Its detection distance is adjustable, typically 5–20 cm.

[0030] Each mounting point also has a built-in high-precision pressure sensor at its bottom, with a measurement range of 0-5kg, used to collect the load signal when the grounding wire is mounted; the analog signal output by the pressure sensor is converted from analog to digital and used in conjunction with the signals from the infrared beam sensor and the diffuse reflection sensor to determine the grounding wire status.

[0031] The grounding cabinet is designed to accommodate up to 9 grounding wires, with each mounting point equipped with an independent sensing unit.

[0032] The edge computing layer is deployed within the industrial gateway equipment on the grounding cabinet side, undertaking local data processing and preliminary decision-making tasks. Please refer to the appendix for further details. Figure 3 The edge computing layer comprises three functional modules: a data preprocessing unit, an event rule engine, and a local communication agent. The data preprocessing unit receives the raw data stream from the physical sensing layer. First, it performs jitter filtering on the infrared beam sensor signal to eliminate false triggers caused by mechanical vibration. Second, it performs zero-point calibration and temperature compensation on the pressure sensor data. The calibration parameters are derived from the device's factory calibration table and are periodically updated via remote firmware. Finally, it structurally integrates the identification code, infrared presence signal, pressure value, DC resistance value, insulation resistance value, and millisecond-accurate timestamps to generate a standardized grounding wire status record.

[0033] The record is in JSON format, with fields including identity_code, location_id, in_place_status, load_weight_kg, dc_resistance_mΩ, insulation_resistance_MΩ, and timestamp_ms. The event rule engine embeds a set of status logic decision rules, which are fixed in the gateway firmware as Boolean logic expressions.

[0034] Rule 1: If identity_code is not empty, in_place_status is true, and load_weight_kg is greater than or equal to 2 kg, then the grounding wire is determined to be in a returned and reliably mounted state.

[0035] Rule 2: If identity_code is not empty, but in_place_status is false or load_weight_kg is less than 1 kg, then it is determined to be in the borrowed status;

[0036] Rule 3: If dc_resistance_mΩ is greater than 1.5 or insulation_resistance_MΩ is less than 10, an electrical performance abnormality alarm event will be generated.

[0037] Furthermore, for records where Rule 1 is successfully determined, the event rule engine initiates a confirmation window lasting 300 seconds. During this window, if the load_weight_kg detected by the pressure sensor undergoes a sudden change exceeding 30% of its current value, an unstable mounting event is immediately generated, triggering an audible and visual alarm to emit a flashing red warning and a buzzer notification. Simultaneously, this event is marked as a high-priority upload. The local communication agent is responsible for encapsulating structured status records and various events according to the MQTT protocol, with the topic path format being / grounding_wire / status / {region_id} / {cabinet_id}, and pushing them to the upper-layer system via the WAPI wireless network. During communication, a TLS 1.3 encrypted channel is used, with the device's digital certificate used for two-way authentication to ensure secure data transmission.

[0038] The blockchain consensus layer serves as a trusted platform for evidence storage and traceability within the system, and its interaction relationships are shown in the attached figure. Figure 4 As shown. This layer is jointly maintained by multiple participating nodes deployed within the Southern Power Grid intranet, forming a permissioned consortium blockchain. Node types include the power grid company's master node, regional operation and maintenance center nodes, and third-party testing agency nodes. The blockchain consensus layer comprises three components: a smart contract module, a cross-chain communication relay, and a distributed ledger. The smart contract module is developed based on the Hyperledger Fabric platform and deploys a grounding wire lifecycle management contract. This contract defines five core business operations: asset registration, status update, borrowing and returning processes, performance alarms, and allocation records. The asset registration operation requires grounding wires connecting to the system for the first time to submit manufacturer information, factory serial number, initial electrical parameters, and the public key of the unit to which they belong. After review by the master node, an on-chain asset ID is generated.

[0039] The status update operation is triggered by the edge computing layer. Each uploaded status record is submitted to the contract as a transaction. The contract first verifies whether the transaction signature matches the public key registered at the time of registration, and then checks whether the asset exists. For lending operations, the transaction must include the operator's identity identifier (read from their work badge RFID tag) and the job task number (from the scheduling system interface). The contract updates the asset status field to "lending" and appends the lending time, operator hash value, and task number. For return operations, in addition to updating the status to "returned," the contract also forcibly associates the uploaded dc_resistance_mΩ and insulation_resistance_MΩ fields; if either parameter exceeds the threshold, a performance_alert: true flag is added to the asset metadata.

[0040] The transfer operation requires the initiating and receiving nodes to sign a multi-party transaction in sequence. The transaction includes the asset ID, original unit, target unit, reason for transfer, and digital signatures of both parties. After verifying the validity of the double signature, the contract atomically updates the asset ownership field. All transactions must be sorted and endorsed under the Kafka consensus mechanism before being written to the distributed ledger. The distributed ledger stores the historical state trajectory of all grounded nodes in an ascending block height manner. Each block contains the hash of the previous block, a timestamp, a transaction list, and a Merkle root, ensuring that the data is immutable.

[0041] Cross-chain communication relays are deployed at boundary nodes across different power grid management domains to enable atomic exchange of cross-chain authentication and state information. When a relay receives a cross-chain collaborative verification request initiated by an application service layer, its workflow is based on a hash time-locking protocol: First, a random number R is generated on the source chain, and H = SHA256(R) is calculated; then, a query transaction with a time lock is constructed, embedding H as the hash lock into the transaction payload; the verification node on the target chain completes its local ledger query before the time lock expires and returns the verification result along with R; upon receiving this, the source chain relay recalculates SHA256(R), and if it matches H, the result is confirmed to be true and valid, and the anonymized verification conclusion is returned to the requester. This mechanism ensures that cross-chain data exchange does not require exposing the complete ledger, but only transmits the necessary verification results.

[0042] The application service layer is built on top of the blockchain consensus layer, providing high-value data services to authorized users. Please refer to the appendix. Figure 5This layer comprises three main functional modules: Asset Panorama View Service, Collaborative Verification Service, and Data Analysis and Early Warning Service. The Asset Panorama View Service aggregates the latest status records of all grounding wires across the entire network in real time by initiating read-only queries to the distributed ledger. Users can select any geographical region (such as province, city, or substation) through the web interface, and the system will render a heatmap of the distribution of all grounding wires within that region, distinguishing their status by color: green indicates normal availability, yellow indicates borrowed, and red indicates performance abnormalities. Clicking any icon displays detailed information, including identification code, affiliated unit, most recent electrical inspection parameters, and historical operation logs. The Collaborative Verification Service is invoked in scenarios involving cross-regional operations or emergency allocation. For example, when maintenance personnel in region A request to borrow a grounding wire from region B, the system automatically initiates a request to the Collaborative Verification Service. The service then queries the blockchain nodes in region B through the blockchain query interface to check the current status of the grounding wire, whether it is under maintenance, and the approval status of the responsible unit. If all conditions meet the preset strategy, the verification is successful; otherwise, the specific reason for failure is returned.

[0043] The data analysis and early warning service runs two types of prediction models based on massive historical data accumulated in a distributed ledger. The lifespan prediction model is constructed using a long short-term memory network based on an attention mechanism. Its input feature vector X includes the following dimensions: cumulative number of operations N, and the average ambient temperature over the past 90 days. Average humidity The model learns a non-linear mapping between features and performance degradation through training, and outputs the failure probability at three time points: 30 days, 90 days, and 180 days. , , .when When the rate exceeds 15%, the system automatically generates a preventative maintenance work order and pushes it to the work order management system of the relevant unit.

[0044] The risk correlation model employs graph neural networks to analyze the spatiotemporal correlation of alarm events. The model treats each alarm as a node in a graph, with edge weights determined by the time difference between events, geographical distance, and equipment model similarity. Through community detection algorithms, high-density alarm clusters are identified, thereby determining whether systemic risks such as regional material defects, construction process problems, or accelerated environmental corrosion exist.

[0045] The overall system operation follows a principle combining state-driven and event-triggered approaches. Under normal conditions, the physical sensing layer continuously collects sensor data every 10 seconds, while the edge computing layer simultaneously performs state determination. Once the event rule engine detects a state change (e.g., from borrowed to returned) or generates an alarm event (e.g., unstable mounting), it immediately interrupts the regular reporting cycle and prioritizes uploading high-priority events. The blockchain consensus layer monitors data streams from each edge node in real time, verifying, sorting, and uploading each transaction to the blockchain. The application service layer triggers corresponding services based on external API calls or pre-set scheduled tasks (e.g., performing network-wide lifetime prediction at 2 AM daily). The entire system forms a closed-loop feedback mechanism: changes in on-site state drive data uploading to the blockchain, on-chain data supports global services, and service results in turn guide on-site operation and maintenance decisions.

[0046] In the above implementation, all threshold parameters were determined through extensive field measurements and statistical analysis. The system design fully considers electromagnetic compatibility, employing a metal shielded cavity inside the grounding cabinet to isolate the RFID module and high-voltage test circuit, preventing mutual interference. At the communication protocol level, the MQTT topic hierarchy design supports flexible regional grouping and access control, ensuring that different operation and maintenance units can only access data within their authorized scope.

[0047] In summary, this embodiment achieves closed-loop management of the grounding wire from physical state perception, edge intelligent judgment, trusted evidence storage and traceability to global intelligent services through deep collaboration of a four-layer architecture, completely solving the core pain points of traditional systems such as information silos, state misjudgment and delayed post-event response.

[0048] Example 2: Based on the previous examples, this example further optimizes the event rule engine of the edge computing layer and the smart contract execution logic of the blockchain consensus layer to adapt to complex scenarios of high concurrency and mixed management of multiple types of grounding wires.

[0049] To address the multi-source heterogeneous data collected by the physical sensing layer, the event rule engine introduces a dynamic weight fusion mechanism. Based on traditional Boolean logic judgments, it adds a quantitative evaluation of sensor confidence. For example, infrared beam sensors may misjudge in high-dust environments, and their confidence weights are adjusted accordingly. Dynamic adjustment based on ambient particulate matter concentration (PM10): When PM10 is less than 50 micrograms per cubic meter, =1.0; when PM10 is between 50 and 150 micrograms per cubic meter, =0.8; when PM10 is greater than 150 micrograms per cubic meter, =0.5. Confidence weight of the pressure sensor. Based on historical stability calculations: if the standard deviation of pressure fluctuation at this point is less than 0.3 kg over the past 24 hours, then... =1.0; otherwise =0.7.

[0050] Final overall score for incumbent status ,in and This is the normalized sensor output (0 or 1). When A value greater than 0.75 is required for a state to be considered validly in place. This mechanism significantly improves the robustness of state recognition in harsh environments.

[0051] At the blockchain consensus layer (deployed within the Southern Power Grid intranet), the smart contract module adds state rollback and dispute arbitration mechanisms. In rare cases, edge devices may upload incorrect states due to malfunctions (e.g., mistakenly reporting a loaned item as returned). To address this, the contract allows the responsible unit to initiate a state correction request within 24 hours. The request must include the hash value of on-site video evidence and digital signatures from at least two operators. After verifying the signature validity, the contract marks the original transaction as pending review and freezes the asset's transfer permissions. Simultaneously, the system automatically sends cross-validation instructions to edge nodes near the grounding cabinet, requesting supplementary evidence of whether grounding wire movement was detected during that time period. If the cross-validation supports the correction request, state rollback is executed, and the reason for the correction is recorded; otherwise, the original state is maintained. This mechanism, while ensuring the immutability of data, provides a limited error correction channel for human or equipment errors.

[0052] The application service layer's data analysis and early warning service has enhanced its multimodal data fusion capabilities. In addition to electrical and operational data, the system also integrates lightning activity data from the meteorological service platform. When the lightning density in a region exceeds 5 lightning strikes per square kilometer within the next 24 hours, the lifetime prediction model will temporarily raise the baseline fault probability of all grounding wires in that region, as lightning strikes can cause instantaneous high-current surges, accelerating conductor aging. Similarly, the collaborative verification service automatically checks whether the target grounding wire's mounting point is located in a high-risk outdoor area during typhoon season. If so, it requires additional on-site photo hash values ​​of windproof reinforcement measures as one of the verification criteria.

[0053] Through the aforementioned enhancement mechanisms, this embodiment significantly improves the system's adaptability to complex environments, data error correction capabilities, cross-domain connectivity flexibility, and external risk perception, making it suitable for the refined management needs of grounding wires in ultra-large-scale power grids or extreme climate regions.

Claims

1. A ground wire management operating system based on ground wire cabinet monitoring, characterized by, include: The physical sensing layer, integrated inside the grounding cabinet, is used to collect multi-dimensional status data of the grounding wire in real time. The edge computing layer, deployed in the industrial gateway device on the side of the grounding cabinet, is used to perform localized processing, protocol encapsulation, and preliminary decision-making on the raw data uploaded by the physical sensing layer; The edge computing layer includes a data preprocessing unit, an event rule engine, and a local communication proxy. The data preprocessing unit is used to filter, calibrate and timestamp the collected raw sensor data, and integrate the identity code, on-site status and auxiliary detection signal into a structured grounding wire status record. The event rule engine has pre-set state logic judgment rules, which are used to determine the grounding wire status and generate alarm events based on the identity code, presence signal, load signal and electrical parameters. The local communication agent is used to encapsulate structured status records and event alarms according to a unified IoT communication protocol and send them to the upper-layer system, wherein the communication network adopts the WAPI wireless network. The pre-set state logic judgment rules in the event rule engine stipulate that: when the identity recognition module reads a valid code and the array infrared beam sensor and diffuse reflection sensor at the corresponding point simultaneously detect the presence and load-bearing signals, the grounding wire is determined to be returned and reliably mounted; when only the identity code is read but the sensor does not detect the presence and load-bearing signals, it is determined to be in the borrowed state. The blockchain consensus layer consists of a permissioned consortium blockchain jointly maintained by multiple participating nodes based on the Southern Power Grid intranet, serving as the core for trusted data storage and traceability within the system. The blockchain consensus layer and the edge computing layer are connected through an encrypted communication link. The blockchain consensus layer receives the structured record of the grounding wire status and event alarm data uploaded by the edge computing layer, and performs consensus verification and trusted storage on them. The blockchain consensus layer and application service layer are connected through a data service interface, providing the application service layer with blockchain-based trusted data query and analysis support; The application service layer, built on top of the blockchain consensus layer, provides data services and application interfaces for authorized users. The application service layer includes asset panoramic view service, collaborative verification service, and data analysis and early warning service.

2. The grounding wire management operating system based on grounding cabinet monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The physical sensing layer includes an identity recognition module, a state sensing module, and an electrical parameter detection module; the identity recognition module uses a 13.56MHz high-frequency radio frequency identification reader to read the unique identity code stored in the passive radio frequency identification tag attached to the grounding wire handle; The status sensing module includes an array of infrared beam sensors and a diffuse reflection sensor, used to detect whether the grounding wire is in place and whether it is inserted properly; the electrical parameter detection module is used to trigger a status confirmation process when the grounding wire is returned to the designated detection port.

3. The ground wire management operating system based on ground wire cabinet monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that, The blockchain consensus layer includes a smart contract module, a cross-chain communication relay, and a distributed ledger. The smart contract module deploys a grounding wire lifecycle management contract, which is used to define and execute the data structure and execution rules of business logic. The cross-chain communication relay is used to connect independent blockchain networks in different power grid management domains to achieve cross-chain authentication and atomic exchange of state information. The distributed ledger is used to store the complete historical state trajectory, operation records, and performance data of all grounding wires in a time-series chain.

4. The ground wire management operating system based on ground wire cabinet monitoring according to claim 3, characterized in that, The asset panoramic view service displays the geographical location, current status, and affiliated unit of all grounding wires in the entire network or a specified area in real time by querying the distributed ledger, forming a global asset map; The collaborative verification service is invoked when cross-regional operations or grounding wire transfers are involved. It initiates a collaborative verification request to the blockchain nodes of the relevant parties to verify whether the current status, historical performance records, and ownership information of the target grounding wire meet the transfer or usage conditions, and returns the verification results from multiple parties. The data analysis and early warning service, based on historical big data stored in the distributed ledger, a lifetime prediction model, and a risk correlation model, predicts the remaining reliable lifetime of the grounding wire and identifies potential systemic safety risk patterns.

5. The ground wire management operating system based on ground wire cabinet monitoring according to claim 4, characterized in that, The status sensing module includes an array of infrared beam sensors and a diffuse reflection sensor; the array of infrared beam sensors is deployed at each mounting point of the grounding cabinet to detect whether the grounding wire is in place; the diffuse reflection sensor is installed on the side wall of the mounting point to assist in detecting whether the grounding wire is inserted in place; the grounding cabinet is designed to have a maximum capacity of 9 grounding wires.

6. The ground wire management operating system based on ground wire cabinet monitoring according to claim 5, characterized in that, For returned and reliably mounted devices, the event rule engine also initiates a confirmation window lasting 5 minutes. During this window, if the signal detected by the diffuse reflection sensor changes abruptly, it is determined to be a mounting instability event, triggering a local audible and visual alarm and uploading the event.

7. The ground wire management operating system based on ground wire cabinet monitoring according to claim 6, characterized in that, The execution process of the grounding wire lifecycle management contract is as follows: When the edge computing layer uploads a grounding wire status change transaction, the contract first verifies the transaction signature to ensure the data source is trustworthy; then, the contract checks whether the grounding wire asset has been registered on the chain; for lending operations, the contract requires the transaction to include the operator's identity and job task number, and updates the grounding wire status to "lent out", while recording the lending time, operator, and task information; for return operations, in addition to updating the status to "returned out", the contract records the return time and operator information.

8. The grounding wire management operating system based on grounding cabinet monitoring according to claim 7, characterized in that, The cross-chain communication relay's workflow is implemented based on a hash time-locking protocol. When the application service layer initiates a cross-chain collaborative verification request, the relay generates a hash lock containing the target grounding wire information query conditions on the source chain and sets a time lock. The verification nodes on the target chain complete the local ledger query within a limited time, lock the verification result with the hash lock, and then return it. After verifying the correctness of the hash, the source chain relay releases the locked result to the requester.

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