Method, apparatus and computer program relating to listen-before-talk transmission

Abstract

A technique includes recording, by a user equipment, one or more events indicating performance of an energy detection threshold used by the user equipment for one or more listen-before-talk transmissions by the user equipment in a cell of a radio access network; creating a performance report based on the record; and sending the performance report to the radio access network.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to a method, apparatus, system, and computer program, particularly but not limited to methods, apparatus, and computer programs related to listen-before-speak transmission. Background Technology

[0002] Some cells operated by radio access networks (such as 5G NR radio access networks) may use radio resources that are not unique to radio access networks in the same geographical area. The process of radio transmission in such cells may include a listen-before-tell (LBT) process, which involves the transmitting entity performing a detected energy measurement and, based on the detected energy measurement result being below the energy detection threshold (EDT), performing the requested radio transmission. Summary of the Invention

[0003] A method includes: recording one or more events by a user equipment, the one or more events indicating the performance of one or more listen-before-speak transmissions performed by the user equipment in a cell of a radio access network using an energy detection threshold; creating a performance report based on the records; and sending the performance report to the radio access network.

[0004] The method may include initiating recording in response to receiving a first activation signal via a cell through a radio access network.

[0005] The method may include interrupting recording in response to receiving a deactivation signal via a cell through a radio access network.

[0006] The method may include resuming recording in response to receiving a second activation signal via a cell of a radio access network.

[0007] The record may include one or more of the following: maintaining a first count of instances of listen-before-speak transmissions delayed by more than a first threshold delay; and maintaining a second count of instances of listen-before-speak transmission errors delayed by less than a second threshold delay, the second threshold delay being less than the first threshold delay.

[0008] The record may include one or more of the following: maintaining a first count of instances of transmissions where the number of listen-before-speak failures exceeds a first threshold number; or maintaining a second count of instances of transmissions where the number of listen-before-speak failures is less than a second threshold number and the user equipment determines that the transmission has failed, wherein the second threshold number is less than the first threshold number.

[0009] The first count may include a plurality of first sub-counts, each first sub-count being associated with a corresponding range of detected energy above an energy detection threshold, and the second count may include a plurality of second sub-counts, each second sub-count being associated with a corresponding range of detected energy below an energy detection threshold.

[0010] One approach includes providing an analysis function instance with one or more reports of cell-specific performance based on one or more energy detection thresholds, the one or more energy detection thresholds being used to determine one or more listen-before-talk transmissions in one or more cells operated by a radio access network.

[0011] One or more cell reports may include one or more of the following: one or more cell-specific reports from one or more user equipments that record events indicating the performance of one or more energy detection thresholds for uplink transmission in the cell; or one or more cell-specific reports based on events that indicate the performance of one or more energy detection thresholds for downlink transmission in the cell.

[0012] One method includes: one or more indicators based on transmission activities of one or more transmitting entities in a radio access network in an area; cell-specific records of one or more events controlled by an access node of the radio access network at one or more transmitting entities, the one or more events indicating the performance of one or more energy detection thresholds used by one or more transmitting entities for listen-before-speak transmission in one or more cells of the radio access network.

[0013] One or more transmitting entities may include access nodes of a wireless access network.

[0014] One or more sending entities may include one or more user equipments served by the access node, and control may include one or more of the following: sending a message to activate a cell-specific record at one or more user equipments; or sending a message to interrupt a cell-specific record at one or more user equipments.

[0015] One method includes: receiving, by an analysis function instance, a report of cell-specific performance of one or more energy detection thresholds for listen-before-speak transmission in a cell of a radio access network; and maintaining a cell-specific indicator of the cell's energy detection threshold performance based on the received report.

[0016] Cell-specific indicators for maintaining the energy detection threshold performance of a cell may include: incrementing a first counter in response to a reported instance indicating that the cell's energy detection threshold is too high; incrementing a second counter in response to a reported instance indicating that the cell's energy detection threshold is too low; or not incrementing either the first or second counter in response to a reported instance indicating that the cell's energy detection threshold is neither too high nor too low.

[0017] One method includes: receiving cell-specific information for a cell in a radio access network by a first analysis function, the cell-specific information being about the performance of one or more power detection thresholds for listen-before-talk transmission in the cell in the radio access network; jointly analyzing the cell-specific information of the cell; and determining, based on the results of the analysis, an adjustment to one or more power detection thresholds for one or more cells.

[0018] The method may include receiving cell-specific information from one or more instances of a second analysis function; wherein the cell-specific information includes a first counter and a second counter, the first counter counting instances of reports indicating that the cell's energy detection threshold is too high, and the second counter counting instances of reports indicating that the cell's energy detection threshold is too low.

[0019] One method includes: for at least one cell of a radio access network, adjusting one or more energy detection thresholds for one or more listen-before transmissions in the cell, wherein the adjustment is based at least in part on information about listen-before transmission delays or listen-before transmission failures after transmission in the cell.

[0020] A user equipment includes components for: recording one or more events, the one or more events indicating the performance of one or more listen-before-talk transmission power detection thresholds used by the user equipment in a cell of a radio access network; creating a performance report based on the records; and sending the performance report to the radio access network.

[0021] User equipment may include components for initiating recording in response to receiving a first activation signal via a cell of a radio access network.

[0022] User equipment may include components for interrupting recording in response to receiving a deactivation signal via a cell in the radio access network.

[0023] User equipment may include components for resuming recording in response to receiving a second activation signal via a cell of a radio access network.

[0024] The record may include one or more of the following: maintaining a first count of instances of listen-before-speak transmissions delayed by more than a first threshold delay; and maintaining a second count of instances of listen-before-speak transmission errors delayed by less than a second threshold delay, the second threshold delay being less than the first threshold delay.

[0025] The record may include one or more of the following: maintaining a first count of instances of transmissions where the number of listen-before-speak failures exceeds a first threshold number; or maintaining a second count of instances of transmissions determined to be made after transmissions where the number of listen-before-speak failures is less than a second threshold number and the transmission fails, wherein the second threshold number is less than the first threshold number.

[0026] The first count may include a plurality of first sub-counts, each first sub-count being associated with a corresponding range of detected energy above an energy detection threshold, and the second count may include a plurality of second sub-counts, each second sub-count being associated with a corresponding range of detected energy below an energy detection threshold.

[0027] An apparatus includes components for providing one or more reports of cell-specific performance based on one or more energy detection thresholds to an instance of an analysis function, the one or more energy detection thresholds being used to determine one or more listen-before-speak transmissions in one or more cells operated by a radio access network.

[0028] One or more cell reports may include one or more of the following: one or more cell-specific reports from one or more user equipments that record events indicating the performance of one or more energy detection thresholds for uplink transmission in the cell; or one or more cell-specific reports based on events that indicate the performance of one or more energy detection thresholds for downlink transmission in the cell.

[0029] An access node for a wireless access network, wherein the access node includes components for the following: Based on one or more indicators of the transmission activities of one or more transmitting entities in the radio access network in the area, cell-specific records of one or more events at one or more transmitting entities are controlled, and one or more events indicate the performance of one or more energy detection thresholds used by one or more transmitting entities for listen-before-speak transmission in one or more cells of the radio access network.

[0030] One or more sending entities may include access nodes.

[0031] One or more sending entities may include one or more user equipments served by the access node, and control may include one or more of the following: sending a message to activate a cell-specific record at one or more user equipments; or sending a message to interrupt a cell-specific record at one or more user equipments.

[0032] An apparatus includes components for: receiving, by an analysis function instance, a report of cell-specific performance of one or more energy detection thresholds for listen-before-speak transmission in a cell of a radio access network; and a cell-specific indicator for maintaining the energy detection threshold performance of the cell based on the received report.

[0033] Cell-specific indicators for maintaining the energy detection threshold performance of a cell may include: incrementing a first counter in response to a reported instance indicating that the cell's energy detection threshold is too high; incrementing a second counter in response to a reported instance indicating that the cell's energy detection threshold is too low; or not incrementing either the first or second counter in response to a reported instance indicating that the cell's energy detection threshold is neither too high nor too low.

[0034] An apparatus includes components for: receiving cell-specific information for a cell of a radio access network, the cell-specific information being about the performance of one or more power detection thresholds for listen-before-talk transmission in the cell of the radio access network; jointly analyzing the cell-specific information of the cell; and determining, based on the results of the analysis, adjustments to one or more power detection thresholds for one or more cells.

[0035] The device may include components for receiving cell-specific information from one or more instances of the analysis function; wherein the cell-specific information includes a first counter and a second counter, the first counter counting instances of reports indicating that the cell's energy detection threshold is too high, and the second counter counting instances of reports indicating that the cell's energy detection threshold is too low.

[0036] An apparatus includes components for: adjusting one or more energy detection thresholds for one or more listen-before transmissions in at least one cell of a radio access network, wherein the adjustment is based at least in part on information about listen-before transmission delays or listen-before transmission failures in the cell.

[0037] A user equipment includes: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured together with the at least one processor to cause the user equipment to perform: Record one or more events that indicate the performance of one or more listen-before-talk transmission energy detection thresholds in a cell of the radio access network; create a performance report based on the records; and send the performance report to the radio access network.

[0038] At least one memory and computer program code can be configured, together with at least one processor, to cause the user equipment to initiate recording in response to receiving a first activation signal via a cell of a radio access network.

[0039] At least one memory and computer program code can be configured, together with at least one processor, to cause the user equipment to interrupt recording in response to receiving a deactivation signal via a cell of a radio access network.

[0040] At least one memory and computer program code can be configured, together with at least one processor, to cause the user equipment to resume recording in response to receiving a second activation signal via a cell of a radio access network.

[0041] The record may include one or more of the following: maintaining a first count of instances of listen-before-speak transmissions delayed by more than a first threshold delay; and maintaining a second count of instances of listen-before-speak transmission errors delayed by less than a second threshold delay, the second threshold delay being less than the first threshold delay.

[0042] The record may include one or more of the following: maintaining a first count of instances of transmissions where the number of listen-before-speak failures exceeds a first threshold number; or maintaining a second count of instances of transmissions determined to be made after transmissions where the number of listen-before-speak failures is less than a second threshold number and the transmission fails, wherein the second threshold number is less than the first threshold number.

[0043] The first count may include a plurality of first sub-counts, each first sub-count being associated with a corresponding range of detected energy above an energy detection threshold, and the second count may include a plurality of second sub-counts, each second sub-count being associated with a corresponding range of detected energy below an energy detection threshold.

[0044] An apparatus includes: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured together with the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to perform: providing one or more reports of cell-specific performance of one or more energy detection thresholds to an analysis function instance, the one or more energy detection thresholds being used to determine one or more listen-before-talk transmissions in one or more cells operated by a radio access network.

[0045] One or more cell reports may include one or more of the following: one or more cell-specific reports from one or more user equipments that record events indicating the performance of one or more energy detection thresholds for uplink transmission in the cell; or one or more cell-specific reports based on events that indicate the performance of one or more energy detection thresholds for downlink transmission in the cell.

[0046] An access node for a wireless access network, wherein the access node includes: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured, together with the at least one processor, to cause the access node to execute: Based on one or more indicators of the transmission activities of one or more transmitting entities in the radio access network in the area, cell-specific records of one or more events at one or more transmitting entities are controlled, and one or more events indicate the performance of one or more energy detection thresholds used by one or more transmitting entities for listen-before-speak transmission in one or more cells of the radio access network.

[0047] One or more sending entities may include access nodes.

[0048] One or more sending entities may include one or more user equipments served by the access node, and control may include one or more of the following: sending a message to activate a cell-specific record at one or more user equipments; or sending a message to interrupt a cell-specific record at one or more user equipments.

[0049] An apparatus includes: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured together with the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to perform: receiving a report of cell-specific performance of one or more energy detection thresholds for READ-READ transmission in a cell of a radio access network; and maintaining a cell-specific indicator of the energy detection threshold performance of the cell based on the received report.

[0050] Cell-specific indicators for maintaining the energy detection threshold performance of a cell may include: incrementing a first counter in response to a reported instance indicating that the cell's energy detection threshold is too high; incrementing a second counter in response to a reported instance indicating that the cell's energy detection threshold is too low; or not incrementing either the first or second counter in response to a reported instance indicating that the cell's energy detection threshold is neither too high nor too low.

[0051] An apparatus includes: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured together with the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to perform: receiving cell-specific information for a cell of a radio access network, the cell-specific information being performance of one or more power detection thresholds for listen-before-talk transmission in the cell of the radio access network; jointly analyzing the cell-specific information of the cell; and determining, based on the results of the analysis, adjustments to one or more power detection thresholds for one or more cells.

[0052] At least one memory and computer program code are configured, together with at least one processor, such that the device: receives cell-specific information from one or more instances of the analysis function; wherein the cell-specific information includes a first counter and a second counter, the first counter counting instances of reports indicating that the cell's energy detection threshold is too high, and the second counter counting instances of reports indicating that the cell's energy detection threshold is too low.

[0053] An apparatus includes: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured together with the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to perform: for at least one cell of a radio access network, adjusting one or more energy detection thresholds for one or more listen-before transmissions in the cell, wherein the adjustment is at least in part based on information about listen-before transmission delays or listen-before transmission failures after transmission in the cell.

[0054] A user equipment includes: a recording circuitry for recording one or more events, the one or more events indicating the performance of one or more listen-before-speak transmissions performed by the user equipment in a cell of a radio access network using an energy detection threshold; a creation circuitry for creating a performance report based on the recordings; and a transmission circuitry for sending the performance report to the radio access network.

[0055] An apparatus includes: a providing circuitry system for providing one or more reports of cell-specific performance of one or more energy detection thresholds to an analysis function instance, the one or more energy detection thresholds being used to determine one or more listen-before-speak transmissions in one or more cells operated by a radio access network.

[0056] An access node of a radio access network includes: a control circuit system for performing the following based on one or more indicators of transmission activities of one or more transmitting entities in the radio access network in a region: controlling cell-specific records of one or more events at one or more transmitting entities, wherein one or more events indicate the performance of one or more energy detection thresholds used in listen-before-speak transmissions performed by one or more transmitting entities in one or more cells of the radio access network.

[0057] An apparatus includes: a receiving circuit system for receiving a report of cell-specific performance of one or more energy detection thresholds for READ-READ transmission in a cell of a radio access network; and a maintenance circuit system for maintaining a cell-specific indicator of the cell's energy detection threshold performance based on the received report.

[0058] An apparatus includes: a receiving circuit system for receiving cell-specific information for a cell of a radio access network, the cell-specific information being performance of one or more power detection thresholds for listen-before-talk transmission in the cell of the radio access network; an analysis circuit system for jointly analyzing the cell-specific information of the cell; and a determining circuit system for determining adjustments to one or more power detection thresholds of one or more cells based on the results of the analysis.

[0059] An apparatus includes: an adjustment circuit system for adjusting one or more energy detection thresholds for one or more listen-before transmissions in at least one cell of a radio access network, wherein the adjustment is based at least in part on information regarding listen-before transmission delays or listen-before transmission failures in the cell.

[0060] A computer-readable medium includes program instructions stored thereon for performing: recording one or more events by a user equipment, the one or more events indicating the performance of one or more listen-before-speak transmissions performed by the user equipment in a cell of a radio access network using an energy detection threshold; creating a performance report based on the recording; and sending the performance report to the radio access network.

[0061] A computer-readable medium includes program instructions stored thereon for performing: providing an analysis function instance with one or more reports of cell-specific performance of one or more energy detection thresholds, the one or more energy detection thresholds being used to determine one or more listen-before-talk transmissions in one or more cells operated by a radio access network.

[0062] A computer-readable medium includes program instructions stored thereon for performing: one or more indicators based on transmission activities of one or more transmitting entities in a radio access network in an area; cell-specific records of one or more events controlled by an access node of the radio access network at one or more transmitting entities, the one or more events indicating the performance of one or more energy detection thresholds used by one or more transmitting entities in one or more cells of the radio access network for listen-before-speak transmission.

[0063] A computer-readable medium includes program instructions stored thereon for performing: receiving, by an analysis function instance, a report of cell-specific performance of one or more energy detection thresholds for READ-READ transmission in a cell of a radio access network; and maintaining a cell-specific indicator of the cell's energy detection threshold performance based on the received report.

[0064] A computer-readable medium includes program instructions stored thereon for performing: receiving cell-specific information for a cell in a radio access network by a first analysis function, the cell-specific information being about the performance of one or more power detection thresholds for listen-before-talk transmission in the cell in the radio access network; jointly analyzing the cell-specific information of the cell; and determining, based on the results of the analysis, adjustments to one or more power detection thresholds for one or more cells.

[0065] A computer-readable medium includes program instructions stored thereon for performing: for at least one cell of a radio access network, adjusting one or more energy detection thresholds for one or more listen-before transmissions in the cell, wherein the adjustment is based at least in part on information about listen-before transmission delays or listen-before transmission failures after transmission in the cell.

[0066] A non-transitory computer-readable medium includes program instructions stored thereon for performing: recording one or more events by a user equipment, the one or more events indicating the performance of one or more listen-before-speak transmissions performed by the user equipment in a cell of a radio access network using an energy detection threshold; creating a performance report based on the recording; and sending the performance report to the radio access network.

[0067] A non-transitory computer-readable medium includes program instructions stored thereon for performing: providing one or more reports of cell-specific performance of one or more energy detection thresholds to an analysis function instance, the one or more energy detection thresholds being used to determine one or more listen-before-talk transmissions in one or more cells operated by a radio access network.

[0068] A non-transitory computer-readable medium includes program instructions stored thereon for performing: one or more indicators based on transmission activities of one or more transmitting entities in a radio access network in a region; cell-specific records of one or more events controlled by an access node of the radio access network at one or more transmitting entities, the one or more events indicating the performance of one or more energy detection thresholds used by one or more transmitting entities in one or more cells of the radio access network for listen-before-speak transmission.

[0069] A non-transitory computer-readable medium includes program instructions stored thereon for performing: receiving, by an analysis function instance, a report of cell-specific performance of one or more energy detection thresholds for READ-READ transmission in a cell of a radio access network; and maintaining cell-specific indicators of the cell's energy detection threshold performance based on the received reports.

[0070] A non-transitory computer-readable medium includes program instructions stored thereon for performing: receiving cell-specific information for a cell of a radio access network by a first analysis function, the cell-specific information being about the performance of one or more power detection thresholds for listen-before-talk transmission in the cell of the radio access network; jointly analyzing the cell-specific information of the cell; and determining, based on the results of the analysis, adjustments to one or more power detection thresholds for one or more cells.

[0071] A non-transitory computer-readable medium includes program instructions stored thereon for performing: for at least one cell of a radio access network, adjusting one or more energy detection thresholds for one or more listen-before transmissions in the cell, wherein the adjustment is based at least in part on information about listen-before transmission delays or listen-before transmission failures after transmission in the cell.

[0072] A computer program includes computer-executable code that, when executed on at least one processor, causes a user equipment to at least: record one or more events indicating the performance of energy detection thresholds for one or more listen-before-talk transmissions in a cell of a radio access network; create a performance report based on the records; and send the performance report to the radio access network.

[0073] A computer program includes computer-executable code that, when executed on at least one processor, causes the apparatus to at least: provide an analysis function instance with one or more reports of cell-specific performance of one or more energy detection thresholds, the one or more energy detection thresholds being used to determine one or more listen-before-talk transmissions in one or more cells operated by a radio access network.

[0074] A computer program includes computer-executable code that, when executed on at least one processor, causes an access node of a radio access network to at least: control cell-specific records of one or more events at one or more transmitting entities based on one or more indicators of transmission activities of one or more transmitting entities in a region of the radio access network, wherein the one or more events indicate the performance of one or more energy detection thresholds used by the one or more transmitting entities for listen-before-speak transmissions in one or more cells of the radio access network.

[0075] A computer program includes computer-executable code that, when executed on at least one processor, causes a device to at least: receive a report of cell-specific performance of one or more energy detection thresholds for READ-READ transmission in a cell of a radio access network; and maintain a cell-specific indicator of the energy detection threshold performance of the cell based on the received report.

[0076] A computer program includes computer-executable code that, when executed on at least one processor, causes a device to at least: receive cell-specific information for a cell of a radio access network, the cell-specific information relating to the performance of one or more power detection thresholds for listen-before-talk transmissions in the cell of the radio access network; jointly analyze the cell-specific information of the cell; and determine, based on the results of the analysis, an adjustment to one or more power detection thresholds for one or more cells.

[0077] A computer program includes computer-executable code that, when executed on at least one processor, causes the means to at least: for at least one cell of a radio access network, adjust one or more energy detection thresholds for one or more listen-before transmissions in the cell, wherein the adjustment is at least in part based on information about listen-before transmission delays or listen-before transmission failures after transmission in the cell.

[0078] Many different embodiments have been described above. It should be understood that other embodiments can be provided by any combination of two or more of the above embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0079] Embodiments will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0080] Figure 1 The diagram illustrates representations of access points in a wireless access network that share wireless resources with WiFi access points in the same geographical area, according to some example embodiments.

[0081] Figure 2 A representation of an apparatus for implementing a wireless access network node / function is shown according to some example embodiments;

[0082] Figure 3 A representation of a user equipment according to some example embodiments is shown;

[0083] Figure 4 Representations of elements of a mobile communication system according to an example embodiment are shown;

[0084] Figure 5 A representation of operation at a user equipment according to an example embodiment is shown;

[0085] Figure 6 A representation of operation at a user equipment according to an example embodiment is shown;

[0086] Figure 7 A representation of messages between an NR-U UE and an NR-U gNB according to an example embodiment is shown;

[0087] Figure 8A representation of the operation at NR-U gNB according to an example embodiment is shown;

[0088] Figure 9 A representation of the operation at NR-U gNB according to an example embodiment is shown; and

[0089] Figure 10 A representation of the operation of one or more analysis functions of a communication system according to an example embodiment is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0090] In the following text, some example embodiments are explained with reference to 5G mobile communication systems (5GS), but these techniques are also applicable to other suitable communication systems.

[0091] Figure 1 The diagram illustrates an access point (NR-U gNB) for a 5G New Radio Access Network (NR-RAN) that shares radio resources (unlicensed frequency bands) in the same geographic area with one or more other access points deployed independently and uncoordinated from the NR-RAN, such as access points from other RATs (e.g., WiFi) and / or access points from other operators' 5G radio access networks. Some NR-RAN access points will be relatively close to such other access points, while others will be relatively far away.

[0092] Depending on independent operation, unlicensed frequency bands can be used by the NR-RAN for both control plane (CP) and user plane (UP) services. The transmitting entity (NR-U UE and NR-U gNB) applies a Listen-Before-Speak (LBT) procedure to transmissions, which includes a listening phase in which the transmitting entity measures the detected energy level. When the energy level measured during the listening phase is below the Energy Detection Threshold (EDT) value, it is determined that the channel is available for the requested transmission. The EDT value can be indicated to the NR-U UE during the establishment of the NR-U UE's Resource Control Configuration (RRC) via, for example, the Information Element (IE) ServingCellConfig.

[0093] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a 5G system (5GS) is shown, which includes NR-RAN and one or more 5G core (5GC) network function instances, including Access Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), and User Plane Function (UPF). For clarity, other commonly used 5GC network functions are shown below. Figure 4 Not shown in the image.

[0094] NR-RAN may include a single gNodeB (gNB) or a gNodeB divided into centralized units (CUs) and one or more distributed units (DUs), where one CU can control multiple DUs. According to some example embodiments, NR-RAN may also include one or more instances of EDT analysis functionality, the operation of which will be described below. In other example embodiments, the EDT analysis functionality may be implemented using a central entity outside the NR-RAN domain of the 5G communication system, which is fed preprocessed data by instances of the EDT analysis functionality within the RAN domain.

[0095] Figure 2 An example of an apparatus 200 for implementing one or more functional instances of NR-U gNB or NR-U gNB-CU and / or NR-RAN and / or 5GC is shown. The control apparatus may include at least one random access memory (RAM) 211a, at least one read-only memory (ROM) 211b, at least one processor 212, 213, and an input / output interface 214. At least one processor 212, 213 may be coupled to RAM 211a and ROM 211b. At least one processor 212, 213 may be configured to execute appropriate software code 215. Software code 215 may, for example, allow the execution of one or more steps to perform one or more aspects of the invention. Software code 215 may be stored in ROM 211b. The control apparatus 200 may interconnect with other apparatuses, such as (in the case of NR-U gNB) a radio section or radio head, or other apparatuses 200 implementing one or more other functional instances of NR-RAN or 5GC. In some embodiments, each functional instance of NR-RAN or 5GC is implemented by a corresponding apparatus 200. In alternative embodiments, two or more functions of 5GRAN or 5GC can be implemented by the same device.

[0096] Figure 3 The diagram shows... Figure 1 The example of an NR-U UE is shown. The NR-U UE 300 can be provided by any device capable of transmitting and receiving wireless signals. Non-limiting examples include mobile stations (MS) or mobile devices (such as mobile phones or so-called 'smartphones'), computers equipped with wireless interface cards or other wireless interface facilities (such as USB dongles), personal data assistants (PDAs) or tablets equipped with wireless communication capabilities, machine-type communication (MTC) devices, Internet of Things (IoT) type communication devices, or any combination of these devices. The terminal 300 can provide communication, for example, for carrying data. Communication can be one or more of voice, email, text messages, multimedia, data, machine data, etc.

[0097] Terminal 300 can receive signals via over-the-air download or wireless interface 307 through appropriate means of receiving, and can transmit signals via appropriate means of transmitting wireless signals. Figure 3 In the diagram, the transceiver device is schematically represented by block 306. The transceiver device 306 can be provided, for example, by means of a wireless section and an associated antenna arrangement. The antenna arrangement can be located inside or outside the mobile device.

[0098] Terminal 300 may be equipped with at least one processor 301, at least one memory ROM 302a, at least one RAM 302b, and other possible components 303 for software and hardware-assisted execution of tasks it is designed to perform, including controlling access to and communication with access systems and other communication devices. At least one processor 301 is coupled to RAM 302b and ROM 302a. At least one processor 301 may be configured to execute appropriate software code 308. Software code 308 may, for example, allow the execution of one or more aspects of this aspect. Software code 308 may be stored in ROM 302a.

[0099] The processor, memory, and other related control devices can be housed on a suitable circuit board and / or in a chipset. This feature is indicated by reference numeral 304. The device may optionally have a user interface, such as a keyboard 305, a touch-sensitive screen or touchpad, or a combination thereof. Depending on the type of device, one or more of a display, speaker, and microphone may optionally be provided.

[0100] According to the example embodiment, the NR-U UE and NR-U gNB perform cell-specific recording of events (for EDT values ​​during the listening phase prior to radio transmission) indicating the performance of EDT values ​​used in the LBT process, and create a report on cell-specific EDT performance based on the recording. Figure 5 (As will be discussed further below) Examples of operations for recording such events of uplink transmissions in a cell at an NR-U UE, or examples of operations for recording such events of downlink transmissions at an NR-U gNB, are shown according to some example embodiments.

[0101] According to the example implementation, cell-specific event logging at the NR-UE and NR-gNB is performed only during periods when the transmission activity (load) of the NR-RAN in the area of ​​the NR-U UE and NR-U gNB is below a threshold. Figure 6(Further discussion below) A representation of an example operation at an NR-U UE is shown, according to which event logging at the NR-U UE is controlled based on messages received at the NR-U UE in the NR-RAN cell serving the NR-U UE, which are based on monitoring of the transmission activity (load) of the NR-RAN in the area of ​​the NR-U UE. Figure 7 (Further discussion below) A representation of messages between an NR-U UE and an NR-U gNB controlling the cell serving the NR-U UE, according to an example embodiment, is shown. Figure 8 (This will be discussed further below) A representation of an example operation at the NR-U gNB is shown, according to which cell-specific event recording at the NR-U gNB is controlled based on indicators of NR-RAN transmission activity (load) in the area of ​​the NR-U gNB.

[0102] Figure 9 (As will be discussed further below) A representation of an example operation at the NR-U gNB is shown, according to which the NR-U gNB: (a) forwards a cell-specific EDT performance report received from the NR-U UE to one or more EDT analysis function instances, and (b) sends a report of an event of a cell-specific record at the NR-U gNB to one or more EDT analysis function instances, the event indicating the EDT performance for downlink transmissions via one or more cells operated by the NR-U gNB.

[0103] Figure 10 (This will be discussed further below) shows a representation of an example operation at one or more EDT analysis function instances, according to which cell-specific EDT performance reports for a cell are jointly analyzed and it is determined how to adjust the EDT values ​​of one or more cells.

[0104] Figure 5 The event logging procedure is shown as an example of uplink transmissions performed by an NR-U UE in a serving cell, but the NR-U gNB also uses the same procedure for downlink transmissions in one or more cells operated by the NR-U gNB.

[0105] A new transmission is requested at the NR-U UE (Operation 500). The listening (channel sensing) phase of the LBT procedure is initiated, and a physical (PHY) layer energy measurement is performed at the NR-U UE. If the measurement result is higher than the energy detection threshold (EDT) value, the PHY layer reports an LBT failure to the higher layer (Media Access Control (MAC) layer), and the PHY layer continues channel sensing with energy measurement after a short delay. This process is repeated for the requested transmission until the detected energy measurement result does not exceed the EDT value, or until the maximum allowed number of channel access attempts for the requested transmission is reached. The latter may result in a Radio Link Failure (RLF) determination at the NR-U UE, and may also result in an RLF determination at the NR-U gNB operating the cell serving the NR-U UE.

[0106] For the requested transmission, the monitoring operations performed by the MAC layer at the NR-U UE include counting the number of LBT failures before channel access is granted for the transmission (operation 502). The MAC layer determines whether the number of LBT failures is less than a lower threshold number (operation 504). If the number of LBT failures is determined to be less than the lower threshold number, the MAC layer determines whether the transmission failed after a successful LBT (sense phase) (operation 508). For example, transmission failure events may include: if the transmission by the NR-U UE is a scheduling request (SR), the NR-U UE does not receive an uplink scheduling grant; or if the NR-U UE transmission is a RACH preamble, the NR-U UE does not receive a RACH (Random Access Channel) response; or if the NR-U UE transmission uses HARQ or ARQ mechanisms in the RLC layer, the NR-U UE receives a HARQ NACK or RLC NACK. If the transmission is determined to have failed, the MAC layer notifies the RRC layer, and the RRC layer increments the UE counter (operation 510), referred to here as the TRE (Too Loose EDT) counter. The TRE information element for the cell-specific EDT performance report is sent to the NR-RAN after the NR-U UE terminates its connection with the current serving cell and establishes a new connection with the NR-RAN in the new cell. The EDT performance report from the NR-U UE identifies the cell to which the report pertains and may include other additional information as described below.

[0107] The monitoring operations performed by the MAC layer also include: if the number of LBT failures is not less than the lower threshold (operation 504), the MAC layer determines whether the number of LBT failures exceeds the upper threshold (operation 506). If the number of LBT failures exceeds the upper threshold, the MAC layer notifies the RRC layer, and the RRC layer increments the UE counter (operation 514), referred to here as the TSE (Too Strict EDT) counter, which is used for the TSE information element in cell-specific EDT performance reports. This counter is sent to the NR-RAN after the NR-U UE terminates its connection with the current serving cell and establishes a new connection with the NR-RAN in the new cell. The EDT performance report from the NR-U UE identifies the cell involved in the report and may include other additional information as described below.

[0108] If (i) the number of LBT failures is less than the lower threshold number and there are no transmission failures after channel access, or (ii) the number of LBT failures is not less than the lower threshold number and not greater than the upper threshold number, then the MAC layer does not provide any information to the RRC layer, and neither the TSE counter nor the TRE counter of the TSE and TRE information elements is incremented.

[0109] The TSE information element may include information details, such as the corresponding energy measurement range detected above the EDT value; and / or the TRE information element may include information details of the corresponding energy measurement range detected below the EDT value. For example, an NR-U UE may report to the NR-RAN using the following structure: TSE(counts in range 1; counts in range 2; ...; counts in range n) TRE (count for range 1; count for range 2; ...; count for range m)

[0110] Where n and m are the number of quantization levels for the detection energies of TSE and TRE, respectively. The quantization range can be defined in dB steps relative to the EDT value.

[0111] This additional energy range information can help create more detailed statistics and better EDT adjustments.

[0112] When EDT-related performance events are logged, reports sent from the NR-U UE to the NR-RAN can additionally include information about the NR-U UE's location. This location information can facilitate the creation of location-based statistics and the determination of the NR-U UE's location-related EDT values.

[0113] For example, cell-specific reports from NR-U UE to NR-RAN may include additional information about the corresponding UE beam.

[0114] As described above, cell-specific recording of events indicating the EDT performance of NR-U cells in a geographic area can be limited to periods when the transmission activity (network load) of NR-RAN in the geographic area is below a threshold. The NR-U gNB operating the cell serving the NR-U UE monitors the network load in the geographic area of ​​the NR-U UE and controls the recording activity at the NR-U UE accordingly.

[0115] refer to Figure 6 : An NR-U UE receives one or more messages in the serving cell that configure the UE for Figure 5 The NR-U UE records the type shown (operation 600). The NR-U UE determines whether the message to activate the record has been received (operation 602). If the NR-U UE determines that the message to activate the record has been received, the NR-U UE activates the record at the NR-U UE (operation 604). If the NR-U UE determines that the message to activate the record has not been received, the NR-U UE does not activate the record and continues to determine whether the activation message has been received (operation 602). After activating the record, the NR-U UE determines whether the message to deactivate the record has been received (operation 606). If the NR-U UE determines that the message to deactivate the record has not been received, the NR-U UE continues recording (operation 604). If the NR-U UE determines that the message to deactivate the record has been received, the NR-U UE interrupts recording (operation 608) and continues to determine whether the message to (re)activate the record has been received (operation 602). In response to the detection of a reactivation message, the NR-UUE resumes the recording (Operation 604), and the TSE and TRE counters (for TSE and TRE information elements) are in the state they existed when the recording was interrupted.

[0116] Activating / interrupting / resuming logging can include activating / interrupting or resuming the monitoring operations described above performed by the MAC layer. In this example, the logging (by the RRC layer) depends on the monitoring performed by the MAC layer and the reporting from the MAC layer to the RRC layer.

[0117] Figure 7 A representation of messages between an NR-U UE and an NR-U gNB according to an example embodiment is shown. This is in response to configuring the NR-U UE for... Figure 5Upon receiving a decision to record of the type shown, the NR-U gNB sends message 700, which configures the UE for recording. This message can be an RRCReconfiguration message directed to the NR-U UE, or it can be a broadcast message (e.g., an SIB message). In response to a decision to activate recording at the NR-U UE (based on monitoring of the NR-RAN network load in the geographic area of ​​the NR-U UE), the NR-U gNB sends message 702 to activate recording at the NR-U UE. Upon receiving activation message 702, the NR-U UE begins recording according to the configuration established by message 700 (operation 704). In response to a decision to deactivate recording at the NR-U gNB (based on monitoring of the NR-RAN network load in the geographic area of ​​the NR-U UE), the NR-U gNB sends message 706 to deactivate recording at the NR-U UE. In response to receiving deactivation message 706, the NR-U UE interrupts recording (operation 708) (until it next receives a message from the NR-U gNB to reactivate recording at the NR-U UE). Activation / deactivation messages can be RRCReconfiguration messages directed to NR-U UEs, or they can be broadcast messages (e.g., SIB messages).

[0118] As described above, when an NR-U UE terminates its connection with the NR-RAN in its current serving cell and establishes a new connection with the NR-RAN in a new serving cell, an EDT performance report created from records at the NR-U UE can be sent to the NR-RAN. The current and new serving cells may or may not be operated by the same NR-U gNB. For example, the report can be included in a UEInformationResponse message in response to a UEInformationRequest message.

[0119] As mentioned above, the NR-U gNB also restricts its own recording activity to periods when the NR-RAN load (NR-RAN transmission activity) in the geographic area of ​​the NR-U gNB is below a threshold. (Reference) Figure 8The NR-U gNB monitors the NR-RAN load within its geographic area and determines whether the NR-RAN load is below a threshold (Operation 800). If the NR-RAN load is determined to be below the threshold, the NR-U gNB begins cell-specific recording of an event at the NR-U gNB (or, if recording is already in progress, continues cell-specific recording) that indicates the EDT performance of one or more cells operated by the NR-U gNB (Operation 802). If the NR-RAN load result is determined to be above the threshold, the NR-U gNB does not begin recording of an event indicating EDT performance at the NR-U gNB (or, if recording is already in progress, interrupts recording) (Operation 804). Cell-specific recordings at the NR-U gNB may include: Figure 5 The type of record shown is used for requested downlink transmissions in each cell operated by NR-U gNB.

[0120] refer to Figure 9 As described above, the NR-U gNB: (i) after terminating a connection with the NR-RAN via another cell operated by the NR-U gNB, receives EDT performance reports from NR-U UEs that have established new connections with the NR-RAN in cells operated by the NR-U gNB (Operation 900); and (ii) performs cell-specific recording of events indicating downlink transmission EDT performance in one or more NR-U RAN cells operated by the gNB (Operation 902). The NR-U gNB forwards the UE reports to the EDT analysis function instance (Operation 904) and also provides the EDT analysis function instance with gNB reports of cell-specific EDT performance for one or more cells based on the records at the NR-U gNB (Operation 906). The NR-U gNB may provide gNB reports to the EDT analysis function instance in response to the expiration of an evaluation period or based on the determination at the NR-U gNB that the EDT performance information maintained by the NR-U gNB meets one or more conditions.

[0121] refer to Figure 10One or more EDT analysis function instances perform the following: receive EDT performance reports from multiple NR-U gNBs in the NR-RAN (Operation 1000); analyze the EDT performance reports; determine adjustments to the EDT values ​​of one or more cells in the NR-RAN (Operations 1002 and 1004); and configure one or more entities in the NR-RAN to implement the EDT adjustments. For example, for each cell, an EDT analysis function (EAF) instance may maintain a pair of opposing EAF counters (also known as TSE and TRE counters). Based on the EDT performance report for that cell received by the EDT analysis function instance, the EDT analysis function instance may determine whether to increment one of the two EAF counters for the cell, or not increment either of the two EAF counters for the cell. The current values ​​of the EAF counters for all cells are collectively constrained by statistical analysis, and the determination of the EDT adjustments for one or more cells is based on the results of this statistical analysis. The analysis of EDT performance reports from NR-U gNB and the maintenance of relative EAF counters for each cell (Operation 1002) can be performed by one analysis function instance (e.g., in the RAN domain), and the common statistical analysis of EAF counters for all cells and the adjustment decisions based on that analysis (Operation 1004) can be performed by another analysis function instance (e.g., in the 5GS network management (NM) domain).

[0122] For each cell, based on information from reports from the UE and gNB, the analysis can be extended to higher granular levels, such as information on the EDT performance of individual beams within the cell, and / or information on the EDT performance of individual locations (areas) within the cell. For the same cell, individual EAF analysis function instances can exist for individual beams within the cell or individual locations within the cell.

[0123] The aforementioned technologies can provide a comprehensive self-organizing network (SON) mechanism that can automatically adjust EDT values ​​individually (or even at a higher granularity level within the cell, such as individually at the beam level) to achieve cell-specific EDT values ​​that are adapted for deployment, thereby improving NR-U performance.

[0124] It should be noted that while some embodiments have been described for 5G networks, similar principles can be applied to other networks and communication systems. Therefore, although certain embodiments have been described by way of example with reference to certain example architectures of wireless networks, technologies, and standards, these embodiments can be applied to any other suitable form of communication system besides those shown and described herein.

[0125] It should also be noted that although exemplary embodiments have been described above, various changes and modifications can be made to the disclosed solutions without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0126] As used herein, “at least one of the following: ” and “at least one of the following: ” and similar wording (where the list of two or more elements is connected by “and” or “or”) means at least any one of these elements, or at least any two or more of these elements, or at least all of these elements.

[0127] Generally, various embodiments can be implemented in hardware or special-purpose circuit systems, software, logic, or any combination thereof. Some aspects of this disclosure can be implemented in hardware, while others can be implemented in firmware or software that can be executed by a controller, microprocessor, or other computing device, but this disclosure is not limited thereto. While various aspects of this disclosure may be shown and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other graphical representation, it is well understood that, by way of non-limiting example, the blocks, apparatuses, systems, techniques, or methods described herein can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, special-purpose circuits or logic, general-purpose hardware or controllers or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.

[0128] As used in this application, the term "circuit system" may refer to one or more or all of the following: (a) Hardware circuit implementation only (such as implementation in analog and / or digital circuit systems only), and (b) A combination of hardware circuitry and software, such as (if applicable): (i) A combination of (multiple) analog and / or digital hardware circuit systems with software / firmware, and (ii) Any part of a hardware processor (including a digital signal processor), software, and memory (including a plurality of other processors), which work together to enable a device such as a mobile phone or server to perform various functions, and (c) (Multiple) hardware circuits and / or (multiple) processors, such as (multiple) microprocessors or a portion thereof, which require software (e.g., firmware) to operate, but may be absent when operation is not required.

[0129] This definition of circuit system applies to all uses of the term in this application, including in any claim. As another example, as used in this application, the term circuit system also covers only the implementation of hardware circuitry or a processor (or multiple processors) or a portion thereof, and its accompanying software and / or firmware. For example, if applicable to a particular claim element, the term circuit system also covers baseband integrated circuits or processor integrated circuits for mobile devices, or similar integrated circuits in servers, cellular network devices, or other computing or network devices.

[0130] The exemplary embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented by computer software executable by the data processor of a mobile device, such as in a processor entity, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. Computer software or programs (also referred to as program products, including software routines, applets, and / or macros) can be stored in any device-readable data storage medium, and they include program instructions for performing a specific task. A computer program product may include one or more computer-executable components that, when the program is run, are configured to perform the embodiments. The one or more computer-executable components may be at least one piece of software code or a portion thereof.

[0131] Furthermore, it should be noted in this regard that any block of the logic flow shown in the figure can represent a program step, or an interconnected logic circuit, block and function, or a combination of program steps and logic circuits, blocks and functions. Software can be stored on physical media implemented within a processor, such as memory chips or memory blocks; magnetic media, such as hard disks or floppy disks; and optical media, such as DVDs and their data variants, CDs. The physical medium is a non-transitory medium.

[0132] As used herein, the term “non-transient” refers to a limitation on the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not signaling), rather than a limitation on the persistence of data storage (e.g., RAM vs. ROM).

[0133] The memory can be of any type suitable for the local technical environment and can be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory, and removable memory. The data processor can be of any type suitable for the local technical environment and can include one or more of the following as non-limiting examples: general-purpose computers, special-purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), FPGAs, gate-level circuits, and processors based on multi-core processor architectures.

[0134] The embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented in various components such as integrated circuit modules. The design of integrated circuits is largely a highly automated process. Complex and powerful software tools can be used to convert logic-level designs into semiconductor circuit designs for etching and formation on semiconductor substrates.

[0135] The independent claims define the scope of protection sought by the various embodiments of this disclosure. Embodiments and features described in this specification that are not within the scope of the independent claims, if any, are to be interpreted as examples that aid in understanding the various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0136] The foregoing description provides a complete and informative description of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure by way of non-limiting examples. However, various modifications and adaptations will be apparent to those skilled in the art when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and appended claims, given the foregoing description. Nevertheless, all such and similar modifications to the teachings of this disclosure will still fall within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. Indeed, another embodiment may include a combination of one or more embodiments with any other embodiments previously discussed.

Claims

1. A method comprising: The user equipment records one or more events, which indicate the performance of the energy detection threshold used by the user equipment for one or more listen-before-speak transmissions performed by the user equipment in a cell of the radio access network; A performance report is created based on the records; as well as The performance report is sent to the wireless access network.

2. The method according to claim 1, comprising: The recording is initiated in response to the cell receiving a first activation signal via the radio access network.

3. The method according to claim 2, comprising: The recording is interrupted in response to the cell receiving a deactivation signal via the radio access network.

4. The method according to claim 3, comprising: The record is restored in response to the cell receiving a second activation signal via the radio access network.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the record comprises one or more of the following: maintaining a first count of instances of listen-before-speak transmissions delayed by more than a first threshold delay; and maintaining a second count of instances of listen-before-speak transmission errors delayed by less than a second threshold delay, the second threshold delay being less than the first threshold delay.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the record comprises one or more of the following: maintaining a first count of instances of transmissions where the number of listen-before-speak failures exceeds a first threshold number; or maintaining a second count of instances of transmissions where the number of listen-before-speak failures is less than a second threshold number and the user equipment determines a transmission after a transmission failure, the second threshold number being less than the first threshold number.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first count comprises a plurality of first sub-counts, each first sub-count being associated with a corresponding range of detected energy above the energy detection threshold, and the second count comprises a plurality of second sub-counts, each second sub-count being associated with a corresponding range of detected energy below the energy detection threshold.

8. A method comprising: Provide one or more reports to the analysis function instance on cell-specific performance of one or more energy detection thresholds, the one or more energy detection thresholds being used to determine one or more listen-before-speak transmissions in one or more cells operated by a radio access network.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the one or more cell reports comprise one or more of the following: one or more cell-specific reports from one or more user equipments recording events, the events indicating the performance of the one or more energy detection thresholds for uplink transmission in the cell; or one or more cell-specific reports based on events, the events indicating the performance of the one or more energy detection thresholds for downlink transmission in the cell.

10. A method comprising: One or more indicators based on the transmission activities of one or more transmitting entities in a radio access network in the area: cell-specific records of one or more events controlled by the access node of the radio access network at the one or more transmitting entities, the one or more events indicating the performance of one or more energy detection thresholds for listen-before-speak transmissions performed by the one or more transmitting entities in one or more cells of the radio access network.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the one or more transmitting entities include the access node of the wireless access network.

12. The method of claim 10 or claim 11, wherein the one or more sending entities comprise one or more user equipments served by the access node, and the control comprises one or more of the following: sending a message to activate the cell-specific record at the one or more user equipments; or sending a message to interrupt the cell-specific record at the one or more user equipments.

13. A method comprising: The analysis function instance receives a report on cell-specific performance of one or more energy detection thresholds used for READ-READ transmission in a cell of the radio access network. as well as Cell-specific indicators for maintaining the energy detection threshold performance of the cell based on the received reports.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the cell-specific indicator for maintaining the energy detection threshold performance of the cell comprises: In response to a reported instance indicating that the energy detection threshold of the cell is too high, increment the first counter; Alternatively, in response to a reported instance indicating that the energy detection threshold of the cell is too low, increment the second counter; Alternatively, in response to a reported instance indicating that the energy detection threshold of the cell is neither too high nor too low, neither the first counter nor the second counter is incremented.

15. A method comprising: The first analysis function receives cell-specific information for a cell in a radio access network, the cell-specific information being about the performance of one or more energy detection thresholds for listen-before-speak transmission in the cell of the radio access network; Jointly analyze the specific information of the aforementioned community; as well as Based on the results of the analysis, adjustments to one or more energy detection thresholds for one or more cells are determined.

16. The method of claim 15, comprising: The cell-specific information is received from one or more instances of the second analysis function; wherein the cell-specific information includes a first counter and a second counter, the first counter counting instances of reports indicating that the energy detection threshold of the cell is too high, and the second counter counting instances of reports indicating that the energy detection threshold of the cell is too low.

17. A method comprising: For at least one cell of a radio access network, one or more energy detection thresholds for one or more listen-before transmissions in the cell are adjusted, wherein the adjustment is based at least in part on information regarding listen-before transmission delays or listen-before transmission failures in the cell.

18. A user equipment comprising components for: Record one or more events, the one or more events indicating the performance of the energy detection threshold used by the user equipment in one or more listen-before-speak transmissions in a cell of the radio access network; A performance report is created based on the records; as well as The performance report is sent to the wireless access network.

19. The user equipment according to claim 18, comprising: A component for initiating the recording in response to receiving a first activation signal via the cell of the radio access network.

20. The user equipment according to claim 19, comprising: A component for interrupting the recording in response to receiving a deactivation signal via the cell of the radio access network.

21. The user equipment according to claim 20, comprising: A component for recovering the record in response to receiving a second activation signal via the cell of the radio access network.

22. The user equipment according to any one of claims 18 to 21, wherein the record comprises one or more of the following: maintaining a first count of instances of listen-before-speak transmissions delayed by more than a first threshold delay; and maintaining a second count of instances of listen-before-speak transmission errors delayed by less than a second threshold delay, the second threshold delay being less than the first threshold delay.

23. The user equipment according to any one of claims 18 to 21, wherein the record includes one or more of the following: maintaining a first count of instances of transmissions where the number of listen-before-speak failures exceeds a first threshold number; or maintaining a second count of instances of transmissions determined to be made after a transmission where the number of listen-before-speak failures is less than a second threshold number and the transmission failure is less than the first threshold number.

24. The user equipment of claim 23, wherein the first count comprises a plurality of first sub-counts, each first sub-count being associated with a corresponding range of detected energy above the energy detection threshold, and the second count comprises a plurality of second sub-counts, each second sub-count being associated with a corresponding range of detected energy below the energy detection threshold.

25. An apparatus comprising components for providing one or more reports of cell-specific performance of one or more energy detection thresholds to an instance of an analysis function, the one or more energy detection thresholds being used to determine one or more listen-before-speak transmissions in one or more cells operated by a radio access network.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the one or more cell reports comprise one or more of the following: one or more cell-specific reports from one or more user equipments recording events, the events indicating the performance of the one or more energy detection thresholds for uplink transmission in the cell; or one or more cell-specific reports based on events, the events indicating the performance of the one or more energy detection thresholds for downlink transmission in the cell.

27. An access node for a wireless access network, wherein the access node includes components for: One or more indicators based on the transmission activities of one or more transmitting entities in the area of ​​the wireless access network: And control cell-specific records of one or more events at the one or more transmitting entities, the one or more events indicating the performance of one or more energy detection thresholds for listen-before-speak transmissions performed by the one or more transmitting entities in one or more cells of the radio access network.

28. The access node of claim 27, wherein the one or more transmitting entities include the access node.

29. The access node of claim 27 or claim 28, wherein the one or more transmitting entities include one or more user equipments served by the access node, and the control includes one or more of the following: sending a message to activate the cell-specific record at the one or more user equipments; or sending a message to interrupt the cell-specific record at the one or more user equipments.

30. An apparatus comprising components for: The analysis function instance receives a report on cell-specific performance of one or more energy detection thresholds used for READ-READ transmission in a cell of the radio access network; and Cell-specific indicators for maintaining the energy detection threshold performance of the cell based on the received reports.

31. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the cell-specific indicator for maintaining the energy detection threshold performance of the cell comprises: In response to a reported instance indicating that the energy detection threshold of the cell is too high, increment the first counter; Alternatively, in response to a reported instance indicating that the energy detection threshold of the cell is too low, increment the second counter; Alternatively, in response to a reported instance indicating that the energy detection threshold of the cell is neither too high nor too low, neither the first counter nor the second counter is incremented.

32. An apparatus comprising components for: Receive cell-specific information for a cell in a radio access network, the cell-specific information being about the performance of one or more energy detection thresholds for listen-before-speak transmission in the cell of the radio access network; Jointly analyze the specific information of the aforementioned community; as well as Based on the results of the analysis, adjustments to one or more energy detection thresholds for one or more cells are determined.

33. The apparatus of claim 32, comprising components for: The cell-specific information is received from one or more instances of the analysis function; wherein the cell-specific information includes a first counter and a second counter, the first counter counting instances of reports indicating that the energy detection threshold of the cell is too high, and the second counter counting instances of reports indicating that the energy detection threshold of the cell is too low.

34. An apparatus comprising components for: For at least one cell of a radio access network, one or more energy detection thresholds for one or more listen-before transmissions in the cell are adjusted, wherein the adjustment is based at least in part on information regarding listen-before transmission delays or listen-before transmission failures in the cell.

35. A user equipment, comprising: At least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured together with the at least one processor to cause the user equipment to perform: Record one or more events that indicate the performance of energy detection thresholds used in one or more listen-before-speak transmissions in a cell of a radio access network; A performance report is created based on the records; as well as The performance report is sent to the wireless access network.

36. The user equipment of claim 35, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured together with the at least one processor to cause the user equipment to initiate the recording in response to receiving a first activation signal via the cell of the radio access network.

37. The user equipment of claim 36, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, together with the at least one processor, such that the user equipment interrupts the recording in response to receiving a deactivation signal via the cell of the radio access network.

38. The user equipment of claim 37, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, together with the at least one processor, such that the user equipment recovers the record in response to receiving a second activation signal via the cell of the radio access network.

39. The user equipment according to any one of claims 35 to 38, wherein the record comprises one or more of the following: maintaining a first count of instances of listen-before-speak transmissions delayed by more than a first threshold delay; and maintaining a second count of instances of listen-before-speak transmission errors delayed by less than a second threshold delay, the second threshold delay being less than the first threshold delay.

40. The user equipment according to any one of claims 35 to 38, wherein the record includes one or more of the following: maintaining a first count of instances of transmissions where the number of listen-before-speak failures exceeds a first threshold number; or maintaining a second count of instances of transmissions determined to be made after transmissions where the number of listen-before-speak failures is less than a second threshold number and the transmission failures are less than the first threshold number.

41. The user equipment of claim 40, wherein the first count comprises a plurality of first sub-counts, each first sub-count being associated with a corresponding range of detected energy above the energy detection threshold, and the second count comprises a plurality of second sub-counts, each second sub-count being associated with a corresponding range of detected energy below the energy detection threshold.

42. An apparatus comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured together with the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to perform: Provide one or more reports to the analysis function instance on cell-specific performance of one or more energy detection thresholds, the one or more energy detection thresholds being used to determine one or more listen-before-speak transmissions in one or more cells operated by a radio access network.

43. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein the one or more cell reports comprise one or more of the following: one or more cell-specific reports from one or more user equipments recording events, the events indicating the performance of the one or more energy detection thresholds for uplink transmission in the cell; or one or more cell-specific reports based on events, the events indicating the performance of the one or more energy detection thresholds for downlink transmission in the cell.

44. An access node for a wireless access network, wherein the access node comprises: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured together with the at least one processor to cause the access node to execute: Based on one or more indicators of the transmission activities of one or more transmitting entities in the area of ​​the radio access network, cell-specific records of one or more events at the one or more transmitting entities are controlled, the one or more events indicating the performance of one or more energy detection thresholds for listen-before-speak transmissions performed by the one or more transmitting entities in one or more cells of the radio access network.

45. The access node of claim 44, wherein the one or more sending entities include the access node.

46. ​​The access node of claim 44 or claim 45, wherein the one or more transmitting entities include one or more user equipments served by the access node, and the control includes one or more of the following: sending a message to activate the cell-specific record at the one or more user equipments; or sending a message to interrupt the cell-specific record at the one or more user equipments.

47. An apparatus comprising: At least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured together with the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to perform: Receive reports on cell-specific performance of one or more energy detection thresholds used for READ-READ transmission in a cell of a radio access network. as well as Cell-specific indicators for maintaining the energy detection threshold performance of the cell based on the received reports.

48. The apparatus of claim 47, wherein the cell-specific indicator for maintaining the energy detection threshold performance of the cell comprises: In response to a reported instance indicating that the energy detection threshold of the cell is too high, increment the first counter; Alternatively, in response to a reported instance indicating that the energy detection threshold of the cell is too low, increment the second counter; Alternatively, in response to a reported instance indicating that the energy detection threshold of the cell is neither too high nor too low, neither the first counter nor the second counter is incremented.

49. An apparatus comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured together with the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to perform: Receive cell-specific information for a cell in a radio access network, the cell-specific information being about the performance of one or more energy detection thresholds for listen-before-speak transmission in the cell of the radio access network; Jointly analyze the specific information of the aforementioned community; as well as Based on the results of the analysis, adjustments to one or more energy detection thresholds for one or more cells are determined.

50. The apparatus of claim 49, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured together with the at least one processor such that the apparatus: The cell-specific information is received from one or more instances of the analysis function; wherein the cell-specific information includes a first counter and a second counter, the first counter counting instances of reports indicating that the energy detection threshold of the cell is too high, and the second counter counting instances of reports indicating that the energy detection threshold of the cell is too low.

51. An apparatus comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured together with the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to perform: For at least one cell of a radio access network, one or more energy detection thresholds for one or more listen-before transmissions in the cell are adjusted, wherein the adjustment is based at least in part on information regarding listen-before transmission delays or listen-before transmission failures in the cell.

52. A user equipment, comprising: A recording circuit system for recording one or more events, the one or more events indicating the performance of energy detection thresholds used by the user equipment in one or more listen-before-speak transmissions performed by the user equipment in a cell of a radio access network; Create a circuit system for generating performance reports based on the records; as well as A transmitting circuit system for sending the performance report to the wireless access network.

53. An apparatus comprising: A circuit system is provided for providing one or more reports on cell-specific performance of one or more energy detection thresholds to an analysis function instance, the one or more energy detection thresholds being used to determine one or more listen-before-speak transmissions in one or more cells operated by a radio access network.

54. An access node for a wireless access network, comprising: A control circuit system for controlling cell-specific records of one or more events at one or more transmitting entities in the area of ​​the radio access network based on one or more indicators of the transmission activities of one or more transmitting entities in the area, the one or more events indicating the performance of one or more energy detection thresholds for listen-before-speak transmissions performed by the one or more transmitting entities in one or more cells of the radio access network.

55. An apparatus comprising: A receiving circuitry system for receiving reports of cell-specific performance of one or more energy detection thresholds for READ-READ transmission in a cell of a radio access network. as well as A maintenance circuit system for maintaining cell-specific indicators of the cell's energy detection threshold performance based on the received reports.

56. An apparatus comprising: A receiving circuitry system for receiving cell-specific information for a cell in a radio access network, the cell-specific information relating to the performance of one or more energy detection thresholds for listen-before-speak transmission in the cell of the radio access network; An analysis circuit system is used to jointly analyze cell-specific information of the cell; as well as A circuit system is defined for determining adjustments to one or more energy detection thresholds for one or more cells based on the results of the analysis.

57. An apparatus comprising: An adjustment circuitry is configured to, for at least one cell of a radio access network, adjust one or more energy detection thresholds for one or more listen-before transmissions in the cell, wherein the adjustment is based at least in part on information regarding listen-before transmission delays or listen-before transmission failures in the cell.

58. A computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon, the program instructions being configured to perform: The user equipment records one or more events, which indicate the performance of the energy detection threshold used by the user equipment for one or more listen-before-speak transmissions performed by the user equipment in a cell of the radio access network; A performance report is created based on the records; as well as The performance report is sent to the wireless access network.

59. A computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon, the program instructions being configured to perform: Provide one or more reports to the analysis function instance on cell-specific performance of one or more energy detection thresholds, the one or more energy detection thresholds being used to determine one or more listen-before-speak transmissions in one or more cells operated by a radio access network.

60. A computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon, the program instructions being configured to perform: One or more indicators based on the transmission activities of one or more transmitting entities in a radio access network in the area: cell-specific records of one or more events controlled by the access node of the radio access network at the one or more transmitting entities, the one or more events indicating the performance of one or more energy detection thresholds for listen-before-speak transmissions performed by the one or more transmitting entities in one or more cells of the radio access network.

61. A computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon, the program instructions being configured to perform: The analysis function instance receives a report on cell-specific performance of one or more energy detection thresholds used for READ-READ transmission in a cell of the radio access network; and Cell-specific indicators for maintaining the energy detection threshold performance of the cell based on the received reports.

62. A computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon, the program instructions being configured to perform: The first analysis function receives cell-specific information for a cell in a radio access network, the cell-specific information being about the performance of one or more energy detection thresholds for listen-before-speak transmission in the cell of the radio access network; Jointly analyze the specific information of the aforementioned community; as well as Based on the results of the analysis, adjustments to one or more energy detection thresholds for one or more cells are determined.

63. A computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon, the program instructions being configured to execute: For at least one cell of a radio access network, one or more energy detection thresholds for one or more listen-before transmissions in the cell are adjusted, wherein the adjustment is based at least in part on information regarding listen-before transmission delays or listen-before transmission failures in the cell.

64. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon, the program instructions being configured to execute: The user equipment records one or more events, which indicate the performance of the energy detection threshold used by the user equipment for one or more listen-before-speak transmissions performed by the user equipment in a cell of the radio access network; A performance report is created based on the records; as well as The performance report is sent to the wireless access network.

65. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon, the program instructions being configured to execute: Provide one or more reports to the analysis function instance on cell-specific performance of one or more energy detection thresholds, the one or more energy detection thresholds being used to determine one or more listen-before-speak transmissions in one or more cells operated by a radio access network.

66. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon, the program instructions being configured to execute: One or more indicators based on the transmission activities of one or more transmitting entities in a radio access network in the area: cell-specific records of one or more events controlled by the access node of the radio access network at the one or more transmitting entities, the one or more events indicating the performance of one or more energy detection thresholds for listen-before-speak transmissions performed by the one or more transmitting entities in one or more cells of the radio access network.

67. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon, the program instructions being configured to execute: The analysis function instance receives a report on cell-specific performance of one or more energy detection thresholds used for READ-READ transmission in a cell of the radio access network; and Cell-specific indicators for maintaining the energy detection threshold performance of the cell based on the received reports.

68. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon, the program instructions being configured to execute: The first analysis function receives cell-specific information for a cell in a radio access network, the cell-specific information being about the performance of one or more energy detection thresholds for listen-before-speak transmission in the cell of the radio access network; Jointly analyze the specific information of the aforementioned community; as well as Based on the results of the analysis, adjustments to one or more energy detection thresholds for one or more cells are determined.

69. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon, the program instructions being configured to execute: For at least one cell of a radio access network, one or more energy detection thresholds for one or more listen-before transmissions in the cell are adjusted, wherein the adjustment is based at least in part on information regarding listen-before transmission delays or listen-before transmission failures in the cell.

70. A computer program comprising computer-executable code, said computer-executable code, when executed on at least one processor, causing a user device to at least: Record one or more events that indicate the performance of one or more energy detection thresholds for one or more listen-before-talk transmissions in a cell of a radio access network; A performance report is created based on the records; as well as The performance report is sent to the wireless access network.

71. A computer program comprising computer-executable code, said computer-executable code, when executed on at least one processor, causing the means to at least: Provide one or more reports to the analysis function instance on cell-specific performance of one or more energy detection thresholds, the one or more energy detection thresholds being used to determine one or more listen-before-speak transmissions in one or more cells operated by a radio access network.

72. A computer program comprising computer-executable code, said computer-executable code, when executed on at least one processor, causing an access node of a wireless access network to at least: Based on one or more indicators of the transmission activities of one or more transmitting entities in the area of ​​the radio access network, cell-specific records of one or more events at the one or more transmitting entities are controlled, the one or more events indicating the performance of one or more energy detection thresholds for listen-before-speak transmissions performed by the one or more transmitting entities in one or more cells of the radio access network.

73. A computer program comprising computer-executable code, said computer-executable code, when executed on at least one processor, causing the means to at least: Receive reports of cell-specific performance for one or more energy detection thresholds used in a cell of a radio access network for listen-before-speak transmission; and Cell-specific indicators for maintaining the energy detection threshold performance of the cell based on the received reports.

74. A computer program comprising computer-executable code, said computer-executable code, when executed on at least one processor, causing the means to at least: Receive cell-specific information for a cell in a radio access network, the cell-specific information being about the performance of one or more energy detection thresholds for listen-before-speak transmission in the cell of the radio access network; Jointly analyze the specific information of the aforementioned community; as well as Based on the results of the analysis, adjustments to one or more energy detection thresholds for one or more cells are determined.

75. A computer program comprising computer-executable code, said computer-executable code, when executed on at least one processor, causing the means to at least: For at least one cell of a radio access network, one or more energy detection thresholds for one or more listen-before transmissions in the cell are adjusted, wherein the adjustment is based at least in part on information regarding listen-before transmission delays or listen-before transmission failures in the cell.

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