Method and apparatus for performing wireless communication

Abstract

A method in which a first device performs wireless communication and a device supporting the same are presented. For example, a first device may transmit a first RS. For example, the first device may transmit control information related to the second RS. For example, the first device may transmit a second RS. For example, with respect to the first device, the control information related to the second RS may include first information indicating whether the second RS is related to the first RS.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to wireless communication systems. Background Technology

[0002] 5G NR is the successor to LTE and a new type of mobile communication system with features such as high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, including low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] 6G (wireless communication) systems aim to achieve goals such as (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced power consumption of battery-less IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) networked intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision for 6G systems can include four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and 6G systems can meet the requirements shown in Table 1 below. In other words, Table 1 shows the requirements for 6G systems.

[0004] [Table 1] Summary of the Invention

[0005] Technical solution

[0006] In one embodiment, a method is provided for a first device to perform wireless communication. For example, the first device may transmit an RS. For example, the first device may transmit control information associated with a second reference signal (RS). For example, the first device may transmit a second RS. For example, the control information associated with the second RS may include first information indicating whether the second RS is associated with the first RS.

[0007] In one embodiment, a first device adapted to perform wireless communication is provided. The first device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the first device to perform an operation. For example, the operation may include: transmitting a first RS; transmitting control information associated with a second reference signal (RS); and / or transmitting a second RS, wherein the control information associated with the second RS may include first information indicating whether the second RS is associated with the first RS.

[0008] In one embodiment, a processing apparatus adapted to control a first device is provided. The processing apparatus may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the first device to perform an operation. For example, the operation may include: transmitting a first RS; transmitting control information associated with a second reference signal (RS); and / or transmitting a second RS, wherein the control information associated with the second RS may include first information indicating whether the second RS is associated with the first RS.

[0009] In an embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided for storing instructions. When executed, these instructions can cause a first device to perform operations. For example, the operations may include: transmitting a first RS; transmitting control information associated with a second reference signal (RS); and / or transmitting a second RS, wherein the control information associated with the second RS may include first information indicating whether the second RS is associated with the first RS. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 The present disclosure illustrates a communication architecture that may be provided in a 6G system based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0011] Figure 2 The electromagnetic spectrum is shown based on an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0012] Figure 3 Examples of typical NTN scenarios based on transparent payloads, based on embodiments of this disclosure, are shown.

[0013] Figure 4 Examples of typical NTN scenarios based on regenerable payloads, based on embodiments of this disclosure, are shown.

[0014] Figure 5 An example of sensing operation based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0015] Figure 6 The structure of a time slot for a frame based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0016] Figure 7 An example of a BWP based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0017] Figure 8 This illustrates a process by which a UE performs V2X or SL communication based on a resource allocation mode, according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0018] Figure 9 Three broadcast types based on embodiments of this disclosure are shown.

[0019] Figure 10A synchronization source or synchronization reference for V2X based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0020] Figure 11 Examples of the architecture of a 5G system based on embodiments of the present disclosure are shown, capable of locating UEs authorized to access a next-generation radio access network (NG-RAN) or an E-UTRAN.

[0021] Figure 12 An example of a network for measuring the location of a UE is shown, based on an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0022] Figure 13 Examples of protocol layers used to support LTE Location Protocol (LPP) message transmission between the LMF and UE, based on embodiments of this disclosure, are shown.

[0023] Figure 14 An example of a protocol layer based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown for use in supporting NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) PDU transmission between LMF and NG-RAN nodes.

[0024] Figure 15 An OTDOA location method based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0025] Figure 16 The two-sided round-trip time (RTT) is shown based on an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0026] Figure 17 The present disclosure illustrates a process for performing wireless communication based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 18 A method for performing wireless communication for a first device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0028] Figure 19 A method for a second device to perform wireless communication based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0029] Figure 20 A communication system 1 based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0030] Figure 21 A wireless device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0031] Figure 22 A signal processing circuit for transmitting signals is shown based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] Figure 23 Another example of a wireless device based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0033] Figure 24 A handheld device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0034] Figure 25 Vehicles or autonomous vehicles based on embodiments of this disclosure are shown. Detailed Implementation

[0035] In this disclosure, "A or B" may mean "A only", "B only", or "both A and B". In other words, in this disclosure, "A or B" can be interpreted as "A and / or B". For example, in this disclosure, "A, B or C" may mean "A only", "B only", "C only", or "any combination of A, B and C".

[0036] The forward slash ( / ) or comma used in this disclosure can mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B". Therefore, "A / B" can mean "A only", "B only", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C".

[0037] In this disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". Furthermore, in this disclosure, the expression "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as "at least one of A and B".

[0038] Additionally, in this disclosure, "at least one of A, B, and C" may mean "A only", "B only", "C only" or "any combination of A, B, and C". Furthermore, "at least one of A, B, or C" or "at least one of A, B, and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0039] Additionally, the brackets used in this disclosure may mean "for example". Specifically, when indicated as "Control Message (PDCCH)", this may mean that "PDCCH" is cited as an example of "Control Message". In other words, "Control Message" in this disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH", and "PDDCH" may be cited as an example of "Control Message". Specifically, when indicated as "Control Message (i.e., PDCCH)", this may also mean that "PDCCH" is cited as an example of "Control Message".

[0040] In the following description, "when, if, or in the case of" can be replaced with "based on".

[0041] The technical features described in one of the accompanying drawings of this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0042] In this disclosure, higher-layer parameters can be parameters configured, pre-configured, or predefined for the UE. For example, a base station or network can send higher-layer parameters to the UE. For example, higher-layer parameters can be sent via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling or Media Access Control (MAC) signaling.

[0043] In this disclosure, "configured / configured or defined / defined" can be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured for the device via predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC) from a base station or network. In this disclosure, "configured / configured or defined / defined" can be interpreted as being pre-configured for the device.

[0044] The technologies described below can be used in various wireless communication systems such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA). CDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA-2000. TDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) / Enhanced Data Rate GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), and 5G NR.

[0045] The technologies proposed in this disclosure can be implemented as 6G wireless technologies and can be applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key features such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0046] Figure 1 The present disclosure illustrates a communication architecture that may be provided in a 6G system based on an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1 The embodiments described herein can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0047] In 6G, new network features may include the following.

[0048] - Satellite Integrated Network

[0049] - Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is innovative, and the evolution of wireless may evolve from "connected things" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied at every step of the communication process (or in each signal processing step described below).

[0050] - Seamless integration of wireless information and power transfer.

[0051] - Ubiquitous Hyper-3D Connectivity: Access to networks and core network functions for drones and low Earth orbit satellites will establish hyper-3D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

[0052] Among the new network features of 6G, several general requirements are as follows.

[0053] - Small community network

[0054] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks

[0055] - High-capacity return

[0056] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision positioning (or location-based services) via communication is one of the functions of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0057] - Software-based and virtualized.

[0058] The core implementation technologies of 6G systems are described below.

[0059] - Artificial Intelligence (AI): When AI is introduced into communication, real-time data transmission can be simplified and improved. AI can use numerous analyses to determine methods for performing complex target tasks. In other words, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency. Time-consuming operations such as switching, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly by AI. AI can also play an important role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine interactions. Additionally, AI may enable instant communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, smart structures, smart networks, smart devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-maintaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0060] - Terahertz (THz) Communication: Data rates can be increased by increasing bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-TH communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves are referred to as submillimeter radiation, typically indicating a frequency band between 0.1THz and 10THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03mm to 3mm. The 100GHz to 300GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered the main part of the THz band used for cellular communication. 6G cellular communication capacity increases when the sub-THz band is added to the millimeter-wave band. The defined THz band of 300GHz to 3THz is in the far-infrared (IR) band. The 300GHz to 3THz band is part of the optical band, but it lies at the boundary of the optical band and immediately follows the RF band. Therefore, the 300GHz to 3THz band is similar to RF. Figure 2 The electromagnetic spectrum is shown based on an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 2 The embodiments described herein can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure. Key features of THz communication include (i) a wide bandwidth capable of supporting very high data rates; and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are essential). The narrow beamwidth generated in highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for the integration of a greater number of antenna elements with devices and base stations operating in this band. Therefore, advanced adaptive placement techniques capable of overcoming range limitations can be used.

[0061] - Massive MIMO technology (MMIMO)

[0062] - Holographic Beamforming (HBF)

[0063] - Optical wireless technology

[0064] - Free Space Light (FSO) Backhaul Network

[0065] - Quantum communication

[0066] - Cellular communication

[0067] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0068] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0069] - Integrated access and backhaul networks

[0070] Big Data Analytics

[0071] -Reconfigurable smart surfaces

[0072] - Metaverse

[0073] - Blockchain

[0074] - Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): UAVs, or drones, will become a crucial element of 6G wireless communication. In most cases, UAV technology can provide high-speed wireless data connectivity. Base station (BS) entities are installed within UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs can possess certain capabilities not found in fixed BS infrastructure, such as ease of deployment, robust line-of-sight links, and freedom of mobility control. During emergencies such as natural disasters, deploying terrestrial telecommunications infrastructure is economically infeasible and sometimes unable to provide service in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle such situations. UAVs will become a new paradigm in wireless communication. This technology promotes the three fundamental requirements of wireless networks, such as eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also be used for a variety of purposes, such as improving network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and monitoring, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is widely recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communication.

[0075] - Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM is a higher-level concept than Urban Air Mobility (UAM). UAM refers to air transport that can be used in urban areas and can also refer to transport vehicles that include movement between urban areas and regional hubs.

[0076] - Autonomous Driving (Autonomous Driving): Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) is a core element for establishing autonomous driving infrastructure. It can be a technology that allows vehicles to communicate and share with various elements in the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I). To maximize the performance of autonomous driving and ensure high safety, high transmission speeds and low latency technologies are essential. Furthermore, in the future, autonomous driving may need to go beyond simply delivering warnings or guidance messages to the driver and actively intervene in vehicle operation and directly control the vehicle in dangerous situations. Therefore, given the potentially enormous amount of information that needs to be sent and received, autonomous driving is expected to be maximized in 6G, which offers higher transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

[0077] - Non-terrestrial network (NTN): NTN can refer to a network or network segment that utilizes radio frequency (RF) resources on a satellite (or unmanned aerial system (UAS) platform). Figure 3 An example of a typical NTN scenario based on a transparent payload, based on embodiments of this disclosure, is shown. Figure 4 An example of a typical NTN scenario based on regenerable payload, based on embodiments of this disclosure, is shown. Figure 3 or Figure 4 The embodiments described herein can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure. See also... Figure 3The satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with the UE. The satellite (or UAS platform) can connect to the gateway via a feeder link. The satellite can connect to the data network via the gateway. The beam coverage area refers to the area where the signal transmitted by the satellite can be received. (See reference...) Figure 4 A satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with the UE. A satellite (or UAS platform) connected to the UE can connect to another satellite (or another UAS platform) via an inter-satellite link (ISL). Another satellite (or another UAS platform) can connect to the gateway via a feeder link. Based on regenerated payloads, a satellite can connect to the data network via a gateway and another satellite. If no ISL exists between satellites, a feeder link between the satellite and the gateway may be required. Figure 3 and Figure 4 This is merely an example of an NTN scenario, and NTN can be implemented based on various types of scenarios. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) can implement a transparent or regenerated (with on-board processing) payload. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) can generate multiple beams over a designated service area based on the satellite's (or UAS platform's) field of view. For example, the satellite's (or UAS platform's) field of view can vary depending on the on-board antenna pattern and minimum elevation angle. For example, a transparent payload can include RF filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload can remain unchanged. For example, a regenerated payload can include RF filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decryption, switching and / or routing, and encoding / modulation. For example, a regenerated payload can be substantially equivalent to equipping a satellite (or UAS platform) with all or part of the base station functionality.

[0078] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology enabler that acquires information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within that environment, using radio frequency (RF) to determine the distance (range), angle, or instantaneous linear velocity of an object. RF sensing capabilities can provide device-free object localization services because the object does not need to be connected via a device in the network. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from RF signals can provide a wide range of new functionalities, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, people, animals, drones), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. For example, wireless sensing services can provide input to various vertical sectors (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.) to enable applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle handling and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, health and activity monitoring, etc. In some cases, wireless sensing can also use non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service (i.e., sensing operation) can rely on the processing of the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing may have the opportunity to enhance traditional systems from communication networks to wireless and sensing networks. Figure 5 An example of sensing operation based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 5 The embodiments described herein can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure. Specifically, Figure 5 (a) shows an example of sensing (e.g., single-site sensing) with a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located in the same place, and Figure 5 (b) shows an example of sensing with separate sensing receivers and sensing transmitters (e.g., dual-station sensing).

[0079] The radio interface protocol layer between the UE and the network can be classified into Layer 1 (L1), Layer 2 (L2), and Layer 3 (L3) based on the well-known Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model in communication systems. The Physical (PHY) layer, belonging to Layer 1, provides information transmission services using physical channels, while the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, located in Layer 3, controls the radio resources between the UE and the network. For this purpose, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the UE and the BS layer.

[0080] The physical layer provides information transmission services to the upper layers through physical channels. The physical layer connects to the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, which is the upper layer, through transport channels. Data is transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer via transport channels. Transport channels are classified according to how data is transmitted through the radio interface and what characteristics of the data are transmitted.

[0081] Data is transmitted between different physical layers (i.e., the PHY layer of the transmitter and the PHY layer of the receiver) via a physical channel. The physical channel can be modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and the physical channel uses time and frequency as radio resources.

[0082] The MAC layer provides services to the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, which is higher than the MAC layer, via logical channels. The MAC layer provides the ability to map multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. The MAC layer also provides logical channel multiplexing by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. The MAC layer provides data transmission services through logical channels.

[0083] The RLC layer performs concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of Radio Link Control Service Data Units (RLC SDUs). To ensure the different Quality of Service (QoS) required by the Radio Bearer (RB), the RLC layer provides three types of operating modes: Transparent Mode (TM), Non-Acknowledgment Mode (UM), and Acknowledgment Mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction through Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ).

[0084] The Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer is used to control the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of logical, transport, and physical channels associated with RBs. RBs are logical paths for data transmission between the UE and the network, provided by Layer 1 (i.e., the Physical Layer or PHY Layer) and Layer 2 (i.e., the MAC Layer, RLC Layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) Layer, and Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) Layer).

[0085] The Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) in the user plane includes functions such as user data transmission, header compression, and encryption. The Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) in the control plane includes functions such as control plane data transmission and encryption / integrity protection.

[0086] The Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer is defined only in the user plane. The SDAP layer performs the mapping between Quality of Service (QoS) streams and Data Radio Bearers (DRBs), as well as the QoS Stream ID (QFI) tagging in both DL and UL packets.

[0087] The configuration of an Radio Bearer (RB) refers to the processing used to specify the radio protocol layer and channel attributes to provide specific services, as well as to determine the corresponding detailed parameters and operating methods. RBs can then be classified into two types: Signaling Radio Bearers (SRBs) and Data Radio Bearers (DRBs). SRBs are used as paths for transmitting RRC messages in the control plane, while DRBs are used as paths for transmitting user data in the user plane.

[0088] When an RRC connection is established between the UE's RRC layer and the E-UTRAN's RRC layer, the UE is in the RRC connected (RRC_CONNECTED) state; otherwise, the UE can be in the RRC idle (RRC_IDLE) state. In the NR case, an additional RRC inactive (RRC_INACTIVE) state is defined, and a UE in the RRC_INACTIVE state can maintain its connection with the core network while releasing its connection with the BS.

[0089] Data is transmitted from the network to the UE via downlink transport channels. Examples of downlink transport channels include the Broadcast Channel (BCH) for transmitting system information and the Shared Downlink Channel (SCH) for transmitting other user traffic or control messages. Traffic or control messages for downlink multicast or broadcast services can be transmitted via the downlink SCH or via a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). Furthermore, uplink transport channels for transmitting (or transmitting) data from the UE to the network include the Random Access Channel (RACH) for transmitting initial control messages and the Shared Uplink Channel (SCH) for transmitting other user traffic or control messages.

[0090] Examples of logical channels that belong to a higher layer than the transport channel and are mapped to the transport channel may include the Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), Paging Control Channel (PCCH), Common Control Channel (CCCH), Multicast Control Channel (MCCH), Multicast Service Channel (MTCH), etc.

[0091] Radio frames can be used to perform uplink and downlink transmissions. A radio frame is 10 ms long and can be defined as consisting of two half-frames (HF). A half-frame can include five 1 ms subframes (SF). A subframe (SF) can be divided into one or more time slots, and the number of time slots within a subframe can be determined according to the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each time slot can include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols depending on the cyclic prefix (CP).

[0092] With normal CP, each time slot can include 14 symbols. With extended CP, each time slot can include 12 symbols. In this paper, symbols can include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols) and single-carrier-FDMA (SC-FDMA) symbols (or Discrete Fourier Transform Extended OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols).

[0093] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols (N) per slot based on the SCS configuration (μ) when using normal CP or extended CP. slot symb ), Number of time slots per frame (N) frame,μslot ) and the number of time slots per subframe (N) subframe ,μ slot ).

[0094] [Table 2]

[0095] Figure 6 The structure of a time slot for an NR frame according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 6 The embodiments can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0096] Reference Figure 6 A time slot comprises multiple symbols in the time domain. A carrier comprises multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A resource block (RB) can be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain (e.g., 12 subcarriers). A bandwidth portion (BWP) can be defined as multiple consecutive (physical) resource blocks ((P)RBs) in the frequency domain, and a BWP can correspond to a set of parameters (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier can include up to N BWPs (e.g., 5 BWPs). Data communication can be performed via active BWPs. Each element can be referred to as a resource element (RE) in the resource grid, and a complex number of symbols can be mapped to each element.

[0097] A bandwidth portion (BWP) can be a contiguous set of physical resource blocks (PRBs) within a given set of parameters. PRBs can be selected from a contiguous set of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given set of parameters on a given carrier.

[0098] Figure 7 An example of a BWP according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 7 The embodiments can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure. It is assumed that in... Figure 7 In this embodiment, the number of BWPs is 3.

[0099] Reference Figure 7 A Common Resource Block (CRB) can be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier frequency band to the other. Alternatively, a Producer Resource Block (PRB) can be a resource block numbered within each BWP. Point A can indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0100] It can be determined by point A and the offset (N) relative to point A. start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWPThe BWP can be configured using a parameter set. For example, point A can be an external reference point of the PRB of a carrier, with subcarrier 0 of all parameter sets (e.g., all parameter sets supported by the network on the corresponding carrier) aligned at point A. For example, the offset can be the PRB distance between the lowest subcarrier in a given parameter set and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given parameter set.

[0101] Sidelink synchronization signals (SLSS) can include a primary sidelink synchronization signal (PSSS) and a secondary sidelink synchronization signal (SSSS) as sidelink (SL) specific sequences. The PSSS can be referred to as the primary sidelink synchronization signal (S-PSS), and the SSSS can be referred to as the secondary sidelink synchronization signal (S-SSS). For example, a 127-character M-sequence can be used for the S-PSS, and a 127-character Gold sequence can be used for the S-SSS. For example, a UE can use the S-PSS for initial signal detection and synchronization acquisition. For example, a UE can use both the S-PSS and S-SSS for detailed synchronization acquisition and for detecting the synchronization signal ID.

[0102] The Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH) can be a (broadcast) channel used to transmit default (system) information that the UE must know before SL signal transmission / reception. For example, the default information could be related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), Time Division Duplex (TDD) uplink / downlink (UL / DL) configuration, resource pool information, and application types related to SLSS, subframe offset, and broadcast information. For instance, to evaluate PSBCH performance in NR V2X, the PSBCH payload size can be 56 bits, including 24 bits of Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC).

[0103] S-PSS, S-SSS, and PSBCH can be included in a block format that supports periodic transmission (e.g., SL synchronization signal (SS) / PSBCH block, hereinafter, sidelink synchronization signal block (S-SSB)). The S-SSB can have the same parameter set (i.e., SCS and CP lengths) as the Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) / Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH) in the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth can exist within a (pre-)configured sidelink (SL) BWP. For example, the S-SSB can have a bandwidth of 11 resource blocks (SBs). For example, the PSBCH can exist across 11 RBs. Additionally, the frequency location of the S-SSB can be (pre-)configured. Therefore, the UE does not need to perform hypothesis detection at the frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0104] In this disclosure, PSCCH can be replaced by control channel, physical control channel, side-link related control channel, side-link related physical control channel, etc. In this disclosure, PSSCH can be replaced by shared channel, physical shared channel, side-link related shared channel, side-link related physical shared channel, etc.

[0105] Figure 8 The process of a UE performing V2X or SL communication based on a resource allocation mode, according to an embodiment of this disclosure, is illustrated. Figure 8 The embodiments can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0106] Reference Figure 8 In (a) of resource allocation mode 1, the base station can schedule SL resources that will be used by the UE for SL transmission. For example, in step S800, the base station can send information related to SL resources and / or information related to UL resources to the first UE. For example, UL resources may include PUCCH resources and / or PUSCH resources. For example, UL resources may be resources used to report SL HARQ feedback to the base station.

[0107] For example, the first UE can receive information related to Dynamic Grant (DG) resources and / or Configuration Grant (CG) resources from the base station. For example, CG resources may include CG Type 1 resources or CG Type 2 resources. In this disclosure, DG resources can be resources configured / allocated to the first UE by the base station via Downlink Control Information (DCI). In this disclosure, CG resources can be (periodic) resources configured / allocated to the first UE by the base station via DCI and / or RRC messages. For example, in the case of CG Type 1 resources, the base station can send an RRC message including information related to the CG resources to the first UE. For example, in the case of CG Type 2 resources, the base station can send an RRC message including information related to the CG resources to the first UE, and the base station can send a DCI related to the activation or release of the CG resources to the first UE.

[0108] In step S810, the first UE can send the PSCCH (e.g., Side Link Control Information (SCI) or Level 1 SCI) to the second UE based on resource scheduling. In step S820, the first UE can send the PSSCH (e.g., Level 2 SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) associated with the PSCCH to the second UE. In step S830, the first UE can receive the PSFCH associated with the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second UE. For example, it can receive HARQ feedback information (e.g., NACK or ACK information) from the second UE via the PSFCH. In step S840, the first UE can send / report the HARQ feedback information to the base station via PUCCH or PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station can be information generated by the first UE based on the HARQ feedback information received from the second UE. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station can be information generated by the first UE based on pre-configured rules. For example, the DCI can be a DCI used for SL scheduling.

[0109] The following text will describe an example of DCI format 3_0.

[0110] DCI format 3_0 is used for scheduling NR PSCCH and NR PSSCH in a cell.

[0111] The following information is transmitted using DCI format 3_0 with a CRC scrambled by SL-RNTI or SL-CS-RNTI: -Resource pool index- ceiling(log2I) bits, where I is the number of resource pools used for transmission configured by the higher-level parameter sl-TxPoolScheduling.

[0112] - Time gap - 3 bits determined by the higher-level parameter sl-DCI-ToSL-Trans

[0113] - HARQ process ID - 4 bits

[0114] - New data indicator - 1 bit

[0115] - The lowest index of the subchannel allocation for the initial transmission - ceiling(log2(N) SL subChannel )) bits

[0116] - SCI Format 1-A Fields: Frequency Resource Allocation, Time Resource Allocation

[0117] - PSFCH to HARQ feedback timing indicator -ceiling (log2 N) fb_timing ) bits, of which Nfb_timing It is the number of entries in the higher-level parameter sl-PSFH-ToPUCCH.

[0118] - PUCCH resource indicator - 3 bits

[0119] - Configuration Index - 0 bits if the UE is not configured to monitor DCI format 3_0 with CRC scrambled by SL-CS-RNTI; otherwise, 3 bits. This field is reserved for DCI format 3_0 with CRC scrambled by SL-CS-RNTI if the UE is configured to monitor DCI format 3_0 with CRC scrambled by SL-RNTI.

[0120] - Counter-side link assignment index - 2 bits. If the UE is configured with dssch-HARQ-ACK-Codebook=dynamic, then it is 2 bits. If the UE is configured with dssch-HARQ-ACK-Codebook=semi-static, then it is 2 bits.

[0121] - Padding bits, if needed

[0122] Reference Figure 8 In (b) of the resource allocation mode 2, the UE can determine the SL transmission resources within the SL resources configured by the base station / network or the pre-configured SL resources. For example, the configured SL resources or the pre-configured SL resources can be a resource pool. For example, the UE can autonomously select or schedule resources for SL transmission. For example, the UE can perform SL communication by autonomously selecting resources within the configured resource pool. For example, the UE can autonomously select resources within a selection window by performing a sensing process and a resource (re)selection process. For example, sensing can be performed on a sub-channel basis. For example, in step S810, the first UE, which has selected resources from the resource pool, can send the PSCCH (e.g., Side Link Control Information (SCI) or Level 1 SCI) to the second UE using the resources. In step S820, the first UE can send the PSSCH (e.g., Level 2 SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) associated with the PSCCH to the second UE. In step S830, the first UE can receive the PSFCH associated with the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second UE.

[0123] Reference Figure 8In (a) or (b), for example, the first UE can send an SCI to the second UE via PSCCH. Alternatively, for example, the first UE can send two consecutive SCIs (e.g., a level 2 SCI) to the second UE via PSCCH and / or PSSCH. In this case, the second UE can decode the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., a level 2 SCI) to receive the PSSCH from the first UE. In this disclosure, an SCI sent via PSCCH may be referred to as the first SCI, first-level SCI, or first-level SCI format, and an SCI sent via PSSCH may be referred to as the second SCI, second-level SCI, second-level SCI, or second-level SCI format.

[0124] Reference Figure 8 In step (a) or (b), the first UE may receive the PSFCH in step S830. For example, the first UE and the second UE may determine the PSFCH resource, and the second UE may use the PSFCH resource to send HARQ feedback to the first UE.

[0125] Reference Figure 8 In step (a), the first UE can send SL HARQ feedback to the base station via PUCCH and / or PUSCH in step S840.

[0126] The following are examples describing the frequency range of wireless communication systems.

[0127] A frequency band can be defined as two different types of frequency ranges. These two different types of frequency ranges can be FR1 and FR2 (FR2-1 and / or FR2-2). The values ​​of the frequency ranges can be changed (or varied), and for example, the two different types of frequency ranges can be shown in Table 3 below. In the frequency ranges used in NR systems, FR1 can mean "below 6 GHz," while FR2 can mean "above 6 GHz" and can also be referred to as millimeter wave (mmW).

[0128] [Table 3]

[0129] As mentioned above, the frequency range value in an NR system can be changed (or varied). For example, as shown in Table 4 below, FR1 can include a frequency band in the range of 410MHz to 7125MHz. That is, FR1 can include a frequency band of 6GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925MHz, etc.) and higher. For example, the frequency band of 6GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925MHz, etc.) and higher included in FR1 can include unlicensed frequency bands. Unlicensed frequency bands can be used for a variety of purposes, including, for example, vehicle communications (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0130] [Table 4]

[0131] The following section will describe an example of SCI format 1-A.

[0132] SCI format 1-A is used to schedule PSSCH and the second-level SCI on PSSCH.

[0133] The following information was sent using SCI format 1-A: -Priority-3 bits -Frequency Resource Allocation- When the value of the higher-level parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is configured to 2, ceiling(log2(N) SL subChannel (N) SL subChannel +1) / 2)) bits; otherwise, when the value of the higher-level parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is configured to 3, ceiling log2(N) SL subChannel (N) SL subChannel +1)(2N SL subChannel +1) / 6) bits.

[0134] -Time Resource Allocation- 5 bits when the higher-level parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is configured to 2; otherwise, 9 bits when the higher-level parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is configured to 3.

[0135] -Resource retention period- If the higher-level parameter sl-MultiReserveResource is configured, then ceiling(log2N) rsv_period ) bits, where N rsv_period This is the number of entries in the higher-level parameter sl-ResourceReservePeriodList; otherwise, it is 0.

[0136] -DMRS pattern-ceiling (log2N) pattern ) bits, where N pattern The number of DMRS patterns is configured by the high-level parameter sl-PSSCH-DMRS-TimePatternList.

[0137] -Second-level SCI format-2 digits, as defined in Table 5

[0138] -Beta_offset indicator -2 bits, as provided by the higher-level parameter sl-BetaOffsets2ndSCI

[0139] -Number of DMRS ports -1 bit, as defined in Table 6

[0140] -Modulation and coding scheme-5 bits

[0141] -Additional MCS Table Indicator- 1 bit if one MCS table is configured by the higher-level parameter sl-Additional-MCS-Table; 2 bits if two MCS tables are configured by the higher-level parameter sl-Additional-MCS-Table; otherwise, 0 bits.

[0142] -PSFCH overhead indicator- 1 bit if the higher-level parameter sl-PSFCH-Period = 2 or 4; otherwise, 0 bits.

[0143] - Reserved bits - The number of bits determined by the higher-level parameter sl-NumReservedBits, whose value is set to zero.

[0144] [Table 5]

[0145] [Table 6]

[0146] The following section will describe an example of SCI format 2-A.

[0147] SCI format 2-A is used for decoding PSSCH, and is used in conjunction with HARQ operations when the HARQ-ACK message includes ACK or NACK, when the HARQ-ACK message only includes NACK, or when there is no HARQ-ACK feedback.

[0148] The following information was sent using SCI format 2-A: - HARQ process number - 4 digits - New data indicator - 1 bit - Redundant version - 2 bits - Source ID - 8 digits - Destination ID - 16 digits - HARQ feedback enable / disable indicator - 1 bit - Broadcast type indicator - 2 bits, as defined in Table 7 - CSI Request - 1 bit [Table 7]

[0149] The following section will describe an example of SCI format 2-B.

[0150] For HARQ operations, SCI format 2-B is used for PSSCH decoding when the HARQ-ACK message includes only NACK, or when there is no HARQ-ACK message feedback.

[0151] The following information is sent using SCI format 2-B: - HARQ process number - 4 digits - New data indicator - 1 bit - Redundant version - 2 bits - Source ID - 8 digits - Destination ID - 16 digits - HARQ feedback enable / disable indicator - 1 bit - Region ID - 12 digits - Communication range requirement - 4 bits determined by the higher-level parameter sl-ZoneConfigMCR-Index refer to Figure 8 In step (a) or (b), the first UE may receive the PSFCH in step S830. For example, the first UE and the second UE may determine the PSFCH resource, and the second UE may use the PSFCH resource to send HARQ feedback to the first UE.

[0152] refer to Figure 8 In step (a), the first UE can send SL HARQ feedback to the base station via PUCCH and / or PUSCH in step S840.

[0153] Figure 9 Three broadcast types according to embodiments of this disclosure are shown. Figure 9 The embodiments can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure. Specifically, Figure 9 (a) shows broadcast SL communication. Figure 9 (b) shows unicast SL communication, and Figure 9 (c) illustrates multicast SL communication. In the case of unicast SL communication, a UE can perform one-to-one communication with another UE. In the case of multicast SL transmission, a UE can perform SL communication with one or more UEs in a group to which the UE belongs. In various embodiments of this disclosure, SL multicast communication can be replaced by SL multicast communication, SL one-to-many communication, etc.

[0154] The following section will describe the synchronous acquisition of SL UE.

[0155] In Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, accurate time and frequency synchronization is essential. Inaccurate time and frequency synchronization can degrade system performance due to inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-carrier interference (ICI). The same applies to V2X. In V2X, for time / frequency synchronization, a Side Link Synchronization Signal (SLSS) can be used at the physical layer, and a Master Information Block-Side Link-V2X (MIB-SL-V2X) can be used at the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer.

[0156] Figure 10 A synchronization source or synchronization reference for V2X based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 10 The embodiments described herein can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0157] Reference Figure 10 In V2X, a UE can be directly synchronized with a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), or indirectly synchronized with a GNSS via a UE that is directly synchronized with the GNSS (within or outside network coverage). If the GNSS is configured as the synchronization source, the UE can calculate the DFN and subframe number using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and a (pre-)configured Direct Frame Number (DFN) offset.

[0158] Alternatively, the UE can synchronize directly with the BS, or it can synchronize with another UE that is time / frequency synchronized with the BS. For example, the BS can be an eNB or gNB. For instance, if the UE is within network coverage, it can receive synchronization information provided by the BS and synchronize directly with the BS. The UE can then provide the synchronization information to another neighboring UE. If the BS timing is based on a synchronization configuration, the UE can rely on a cell associated with the corresponding frequency (when it is within cell coverage at that frequency), or a primary or serving cell (when it is outside cell coverage at that frequency) for synchronization and downlink measurements.

[0159] The BS (e.g., the serving cell) can provide synchronization configurations for the carriers used in V2X or SL communications. In this case, the UE can conform to the synchronization configuration received from the BS. If the UE fails to detect any cell in V2X or SL communications and fails to receive a synchronization configuration from the serving cell, the UE can conform to a pre-configured synchronization configuration.

[0160] Alternatively, the UE can synchronize with another UE that has failed to obtain synchronization information directly or indirectly from the BS or GNSS. The synchronization source or preference can be pre-configured for the UE. Alternatively, the synchronization source and preference can be configured via control messages provided by the BS.

[0161] SL synchronization sources can be associated with / related to synchronization priorities. For example, the relationship between synchronization sources and synchronization priorities can be defined as shown in Table 8 or Table 9. Table 8 or Table 9 are for illustrative purposes only; the relationship between synchronization sources and synchronization priorities can be defined in various forms.

[0162] [Table 8]

[0163] [Table 9]

[0164] In Table 8 or Table 9, P0 can represent the highest priority, and P6 can represent the lowest priority. In Table 8 or Table 9, the BS can include at least one of a gNB and an eNB. It can be (pre-)configured whether to use GNSS-based synchronization or BS-based synchronization. In single-carrier operation, the UE can derive its transmission timing from the available synchronization reference with the highest priority.

[0165] For example, the UE can (re)select a synchronization reference, and the UE can obtain synchronization from the synchronization reference. In addition, the UE can perform SL communication (e.g., PSCCH / PSSCH transmission / reception, Physical Side Link Feedback Channel (PSFCH) transmission / reception, S-SSB transmission / reception, reference signal transmission / reception, etc.) based on the obtained synchronization.

[0166] The location will be described below.

[0167] Figure 11 An example of an architecture in a 5G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown, the 5G system being able to locate UEs accessing a next-generation radio access network (NG-RAN) or an E-UTRAN. Figure 11 The embodiments can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0168] Reference Figure 11 The AMF can receive requests for location services related to a specific target UE from different entities such as the Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC), or it can determine whether to initiate location services in the AMF itself rather than in the specific target UE. The AMF can then send a location service request to the Location Management Function (LMF). Upon receiving a location service request, the LMF can process the request and return a processing request to the AMF, including the estimated location of the UE. Simultaneously, if a location service request is received from a different entity other than the AMF, such as the GMLC, the AMF can pass the processing request received from the LMF to that different entity.

[0169] Next-generation evolved NBs (ng-eNBs) and gNBs are NG-RAN network elements capable of providing measurement results for location estimation, measuring radio signals for a target UE, and transmitting result values ​​to the LMF. Additionally, ng-eNBs can control several transport points (TPs), such as remote radio heads for E-UTRA-supported beacon systems based on Position Reference Signals (PRS) or dedicated PRS TPs.

[0170] The LMF can connect to the Enhanced Serving Mobility Location Center (E-SMLC), and the E-SMLC can allow the LMF to access the E-UTRAN. For example, the E-SMLC can allow the LMF to support Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA) by using downlink measurements obtained by the target UE through signals transmitted from the gNB and / or PRS dedicated TP in the E-UTRAN, which is one of the positioning methods of the E-UTRAN.

[0171] Simultaneously, the LMF can connect to the SUPL Location Platform (SLP). The LMF can support and manage different location determination services for the corresponding target UE. The LMF can interact with the serving ng-eNB or serving gNB for the target UE to obtain the UE's location measurement results. For the target UE's positioning, the LMF can determine the positioning method based on the Location Service (LCS) client type, requested Quality of Service (QoS), UE positioning capabilities, gNB positioning capabilities, and ng-eNB positioning capabilities, and can apply such positioning methods to the serving gNB and / or serving ng-eNB. Additionally, the LMF can determine supplementary information such as the target UE's location estimate and the accuracy of the location estimate and velocity. The SLP is the Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) entity responsible for positioning via the user plane.

[0172] The UE can measure downlink signals via NG-RAN, E-UTRAN, and / or other sources such as various Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Land Beacon Systems (TBS), Wireless Local Access Network (WLAN) access points, Bluetooth beacons, UE barometric pressure sensors, etc. The UE may include an LCS application. The UE can communicate with networks accessible to the UE, or access the LCS application through another application included in the UE. The LCS application may include the measurement and computation functions needed to determine the UE's location. For example, the UE may include independent positioning capabilities such as Global Positioning System (GPS) and can report the UE's location independently of NG-RAN transmissions. Location information obtained independently in this way can be used as supplementary information to location information obtained from the network.

[0173] Figure 12An example of a network for measuring the location of a UE is shown, based on an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 12 The embodiments can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0174] When the UE is in the Connection Management (CM)-Idle state, if the AMF receives a location service request, the AMF can establish a signaling connection with the UE and can request the network to trigger a service to allocate a specific service gNB or ng-eNB. Figure 12 This process is omitted from the text. In other words, it can be... Figure 12 The system assumes the UE is in connected mode. However, due to signaling and data deactivation, the signaling connection can be released by the NG-RAN during the positioning process.

[0175] Reference Figure 12 The network operation process for measuring the location of a UE is described in detail. In step a1, a 5GC entity such as a GMLC may request the serving AMF to provide location services for measuring the location of the target UE. However, even if the GMLC does not request location services, based on step 1b, the serving AMF can determine that location services are needed for measuring the location of the target UE. For example, to measure the location of a UE used for an emergency call, the serving AMF may determine to directly perform location services.

[0176] Subsequently, the AMF can send a location service request to the LMF based on step 2, and the LMF can initiate a location procedure to obtain location measurement data or location measurement auxiliary data together with the serving ng-eNB and the serving gNB. Additionally, based on step 3b, the LMF can initiate a location procedure for downlink positioning together with the UE. For example, the LMF can send auxiliary data defined in 3GPP TS 36.355, or it can obtain location estimates or location measurements. Step 3b can be performed separately after step 3a, or it can be performed in place of step 3a.

[0177] In step 4, the LMF can provide a location service response to the AMF. Additionally, the location service response may include information regarding whether the UE's location estimation was successful and the UE's location estimation value. Subsequently, if initiated by step a1... Figure 12 In this process, AMF can transmit the location service response to the 5GC entity, such as GMLC, and if initiated by step 1b Figure 12 During the process, the AMF can use location service responses to provide location services related to emergency calls, etc.

[0178] Figure 13 An example of a protocol layer for supporting LTE Location Protocol (LPP) message transmission between an LMF and a UE, based on an embodiment of this disclosure, is shown. Figure 13The embodiments can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0179] LPP PDUs can be sent between the AMF and UE via NAS PDUs. (See reference...) Figure 13 LPP can be terminated between a target device (e.g., a UE in the control plane or a SUPL-enabled terminal (SET) in the user plane) and a location server (e.g., an LMF in the control plane and an SLP in the user plane). LPP messages can be transmitted in the form of transparent PDUs via intermediate network interfaces using appropriate protocols such as the NG Application Protocol (NGAP) via the NG-Control Plane (NG-C) interface and NAS / RRC via the NR-Uu interface. The LPP protocol can enable location services for NR and LTE using various location methods.

[0180] For example, based on the LPP protocol, the target device and the location server can exchange mutual capability information, auxiliary data for positioning, and / or location information. Additionally, LPP messages can be used to indicate the exchange of error information and / or the interruption of the LPP process.

[0181] Figure 14 An example of a protocol layer for supporting NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) PDU transmission between LMF and NG-RAN nodes is shown based on an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 14 The embodiments described herein can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0182] NRPPa can be used for information exchange between NG-RAN nodes and LMFs. Specifically, NRPPa can exchange Enhanced Cell ID (E-CID) for measurement, data supporting the OTDOA positioning method, and cell ID and cell location ID for the NR cell ID positioning method, etc., sent from the ng-eNB to the LMF. Even without information about associated NRPPa transactions, the AMF can route NRPPa PDUs based on the associated LMR's routing ID via the NG-C interface.

[0183] The NRPPa protocol procedures used for location and data collection can be classified into two types. The first type is UE-related procedures used to transmit information about a specific UE (e.g., location measurement information), while the second type is non-UE-related procedures used to transmit information applicable to NG-RAN nodes and related TPs (e.g., gNB / ng-eNB / TP timing information). Both types of procedures can be supported independently or simultaneously.

[0184] Meanwhile, examples of positioning methods supported in NG-RAN may include GNSS, OTDOA, Enhanced Cell ID (E-CID), barometric sensor positioning, WLAN positioning, Bluetooth positioning, and Land Beacon System (TBS), Uplink Time Difference of Arrival (UTDOA), etc.

[0185] (1) OTDOA (Observed Time Difference)

[0186] Figure 15 An OTDOA location method based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 15 The embodiments described herein can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0187] The OTDOA positioning method uses the timing measurement of downlink signals received by the UE from the eNB, ng-eNB, and multiple TPs, including a dedicated PRS TP. The UE measures the timing of the received downlink signals using location assistance data received from a location server. Furthermore, the UE's location can be determined based on these measurements and the geometric coordinates of adjacent TPs.

[0188] A UE connected to a gNB can request a measurement gap from a TP for OTDOA measurements. If the UE cannot identify at least one TP's single-frequency network (SFN) in the OTDOA auxiliary data, the UE can use an autonomous gap to obtain the SNF of the OTDOA reference cell before requesting a measurement gap to perform Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) measurements.

[0189] In this paper, RSTD can be defined based on the minimum relative time difference between the boundaries of two subframes received from the reference cell and the measurement cell, respectively. That is, RSTD can be calculated based on the relative time difference between the start time of the subframe received from the measurement cell and the start time of the subframe of the reference cell whose start time is closest to that of the subframe received from the measurement cell. The reference cell can be selected by the UE.

[0190] For accurate OTDOA measurement, it may be necessary to measure the Time of Arrival (TOA) of signals received from three or more geographically distributed TPs or BSs. For example, the TOA can be measured for each of TP1, TP2, and TP3, and the RSTD of TP1-TP2, TP2-TP3, and TP3-TP1 can be calculated for the three TOAs. Based on this, a geometric hyperbola can be determined, and the point where these hyperbolas intersect can be estimated as the UE's location. In this case, since the accuracy and / or uncertainty of each TOA measurement may exist, the estimated location of the UE can be referred to as a specific range based on measurement uncertainty.

[0191] For example, the RSTD of these two TPs can be calculated based on Equation 1.

[0192] [Formula 1]

[0193] In this paper, c can be the speed of light, {xt, yt} t} can be the (unknown) coordinates of the target UE, {x i , y i {x1, y1} can be the coordinates of a (known) TP, and {x1, y1} can be the coordinates of a reference TP (or another TP). In this paper, (T) can be... i -T1) is called the "Real Time Difference (RTD)" as the transmission time offset between two TPs, and n i n1 can represent the value related to the UETOA measurement error.

[0194] (2) E-CID (Enhanced Cell ID)

[0195] In the Cell ID (CID) location method, the UE's location can be measured using the geographic information of its serving ng-eNB, serving gNB, and / or serving cell. For example, the geographic information of the serving ng-eNB, serving gNB, and / or serving cell can be obtained through paging, registration, etc.

[0196] In addition to the CID positioning method, the E-CID positioning method can also use additional UE measurements and / or NG-RAN radio resources to improve the UE location estimate. While some of the same measurement methods used in the measurement control system of the RRC protocol can be used in the E-CID positioning method, additional measurements are generally not performed solely for UE location measurement. In other words, measurement configuration or measurement control messages may not be provided additionally to measure the UE's location. Furthermore, the UE may not expect to request additional measurement operations solely for location measurement and can report measurement values ​​obtained through measurement methods that the UE can perform in a general manner.

[0197] For example, the serving gNB can use E-UTRA measurements provided by the UE to implement the E-CID positioning method.

[0198] Examples of measurement elements that can be used for E-CID positioning are as follows.

[0199] - UE Measurements: E-UTRA Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), E-UTRA Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), UE E-UTRA Rx-Tx Time Difference, GSM EDGE Random Access Network (GERAN) / WLAN Reference Signal Strength Indication (RSSI), UTRAN Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) Received Signal Code Power (RSCP), UTRAN CPICH Ec / Io

[0200] - E-UTRAN measurements: ng-eNB Rx-Tx time difference, timing advance (TADV), angle of arrival (AoA).

[0201] In this paper, TADV can be classified into Type 1 and Type 2 as follows.

[0202] TADV type 1 = (ng-eNB Rx-Tx time difference) + (UE E-UTRA Rx-Tx time difference)

[0203] TADV type 2 = ng-eNB Rx-Tx time difference

[0204] Simultaneously, AoA can be used to measure the UE's orientation. AoA can be defined as an estimated angle relative to the UE's position in a counter-clockwise direction from the BS / TP. In this case, the geographic reference direction can be north. The BS / TP can use uplink signals such as the Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) and / or the Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) for AoA measurement. Furthermore, the larger the antenna array arrangement, the higher the AoA measurement accuracy. When the antenna array elements are arranged at equal intervals, the signals received from adjacent antennas can have a constant phase rotation.

[0205] (3) UTDOA (Uplink Time Difference of Arrival)

[0206] UTDOA is a method for determining the location of a UE by estimating the arrival time of the SRS. When the estimated SRS arrival time is calculated, the UE's location can be estimated by using the serving cell as a reference cell via the time difference of arrival relative to another cell (or BS / TP). To implement UTDOA, the E-SMLC can indicate the serving cell of the target UE to indicate the SRS transmission to the target UE. Additionally, the E-SMLC can provide configurations such as whether the SRS is periodic / aperiodic, bandwidth, frequency / group / sequence hopping, etc.

[0207] (4) Round trip time (RTT)

[0208] RTT (Remote Time Tolerance) is a localization technique that allows measuring the distance between two entities, even if the target entity and the server entity are out of sync. If RTT is performed using multiple server entities, the distance to each server entity can be measured individually. Furthermore, by drawing circles using the distances measured from each server entity, absolute localization of the target entity can be performed through the intersection of these circles.

[0209] The RTT between two entities is performed as follows: Entity #1 can send PRS #1 at t1, and entity #2 can receive PRS #1 at t2. After receiving PRS #1 through entity #2, entity #2 can send PRS #2 at t3, and entity #1 can receive PRS #2 at t4. In this case, the distance D between the two entities can be obtained as follows.

[0210] (Where c is the speed of light)

[0211] For the RTT between the UE and the gNB, the distance between the UE and the gNB can be obtained based on the above formula using the UE Rx-Tx time difference and the gNB Rx-Tx time difference in Tables 13 and 15 below.

[0212] (5) Bilateral RTT

[0213] Figure 16 The two-sided round-trip time (RTT) is shown based on an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 16 The embodiments can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0214] For example, a method for performing a two-sided RTT between two entities could be as follows.

[0215] For example, two-sided RTT can be a positioning technique that can measure the distance between two entities even when there is a sampling clock frequency offset between the target entity and the server entity.

[0216] For example, two-sided RTT is widely used in ultra-wideband (UWB) positioning and can reduce the impact of clock errors.

[0217] For example, the propagation delay T^ can be measured twice (e.g., T). round1 T round2 T reply1 T reply2 To estimate.

[0218] For example, the propagation delay T(T^) can be calculated based on Equation 2.

[0219] [Equation 2]

[0220] For example, the propagation delay T(T^) can be calculated based on Equation 3.

[0221] [Formula 3]

[0222] In addition, T can be obtained based on Equation 4. round1 ×T round2 -T reply1 ×T reply2 .

[0223] [Formula 4]

[0224] Here, Equation 4 can be the same as Equation 5.

[0225] [Formula 5]

[0226] Therefore, the propagation delay T(T^) can be estimated as shown in Equation 6.

[0227] [Formula 6]

[0228] In this case, the error in the propagation delay estimate due to clock error can be obtained based on Equation 7.

[0229] [Formula 7]

[0230] Here, and It can be the clock offset of UE1 and UE2.

[0231] T(T^) can be the estimated propagation delay between UE1 and UE2.

[0232] For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for service types. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for (LCH or service) priorities. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for QoS requirements (e.g., latency, reliability, minimum communication range). For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for PQI parameters. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for LCH / MAC PDUs (transmissions) with SL HARQ feedback enabled. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for LCH / MAC PDUs (transmitted) that are disabled for SL HARQ feedback. Similarly, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for CBR measurements of resource pools. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for SL broadcast types (e.g., unicast, multicast, broadcast). For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for SL multicast HARQ feedback options (e.g., NACK feedback only, ACK / NACK feedback, NACK feedback based solely on TX-RX distance). For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for SL mode 1 CG type (e.g., SL CG type 1 or SL CG type 2). Similarly, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for SL mode type (e.g., mode 1 or mode 2). For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for resource pools. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for whether a PSFCH resource is configured in a resource pool. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for source (L2) IDs.For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for the destination (L2) ID. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for the PC5 RRC connection link. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for the SL link. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for the connection state (with the base station) (e.g., RRC connection state, idle state, inactive state). For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for the SL HARQ process (ID). For example, rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically configured / allowed for whether SL DRX operation (TX UE or RX UE) is performed. For example, rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically configured / allowed for whether the UE is an energy-saving (TX or RX) UE. For example, rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically configured / allowed for cases where PSFCH TX and PSFCH RX (and / or multiple PSFCH TX (beyond UE capacity)) overlap (and / or PSFCH TX (and / or PSFCH RX) are skipped) (from the perspective of a specific UE). For example, rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically configured / allowed for cases where the RX UE actually (successfully) receives (re)transmitted PSCCH (and / or PSSCH) from the TX UE.

[0233] For example, in this disclosure, the term "configured / specified (or designated / assigned)" can be extended to / interpreted as the base station notifying the UE (and / or the form provided by pre-configuration and / or the UE notifying other UEs by pre-defined (physical layer or higher layer) channels / signals (e.g., SIB, RRC, MAC CE)).

[0234] For example, in this disclosure, the term "PSFCH" can be extended to / interpreted as (NR or LTE) PSSCH (and / or (NR or LTE) PSCCH) (and / or (NR or LTE) SL SSB (and / or UL channel / signal)). Furthermore, the methods proposed in this disclosure can be used in combination with each other (as a novel approach).

[0235] For example, in this disclosure, a specific threshold may refer to a value predefined or (pre-)configured by the higher layers of the network (including the application layer), the base station, or the UE. For example, in this disclosure, a specific configuration value may refer to a value predefined or (pre-)configured by the higher layers of the network, base station, or UE (including the application layer). For example, network / base station configuration operations may refer to the base station (pre-)configuring the UE via higher-layer RRC signaling, or the base station configuring / signaling the UE via MAC CE, or the base station signaling the UE via DCI.

[0236] In this disclosure, the following defined / applicable targets may also be applied to DL / UL / SL positioning (based on RS (e.g., SRS, PRS, etc.)).

[0237] For example, the following can represent an example of a reference signal time difference (RSTD). For example, the following RSTD can be applied to SL positioning.

[0238] Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD)

[0239] - Definition: The relative timing difference between E-UTRA neighbor cell j and E-UTRA reference cell i can be defined as T. SubframeRxj – T SubframeRxi , where: T SubframeRxj It can be the time when the UE receives the start of a subframe from E-UTRA cell j, and T SubframeRxi This could be the time when the UE receives a subframe from E-UTRA cell i, which is temporally closest to the subframe received from E-UTRA cell j. The reference point for the observed subframe time difference could be the UE's antenna connector.

[0240] - Applies to: RRC_CONNECTED RAT

[0241] For example, the following can represent an example of DL PRS reference signal received power (RSRP). For example, the following DL PRSRSRP can be applied to SL positioning.

[0242] DL PRS Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)

[0243] - Definition: DL PRS Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) can be defined as the linear average of the power contributions (in [W]) of the resource elements carrying the DL PRS reference signal configured for RSRP measurement within the considered measurement frequency bandwidth. For frequency range 1, the reference point for DL ​​PRS-RSRP can be the UE's antenna connector. For frequency range 2, DL PRS-RSRP can be measured based on the combined signal from the antenna element corresponding to a given receiver branch. For frequency ranges 1 and 2, if the UE uses receiver diversity, the reported DL PRS-RSRP value may not be lower than the corresponding DL PRS-RSRP of any individual receiver branch.

[0244] - Applicable to: RRC_CONNECTED intra-frequency and RRC_CONNECTED inter-frequency.

[0245] For example, the following example can represent an example of DL relative signal time difference (DSTD). For example, the following DL RSTD can be applied to SL positioning.

[0246] Downlink Relative Signal Time Difference (DL RSTD)

[0247] - Definition: The DL RSTD between positioning node j and reference positioning node i can be defined as T SubframeRxj –T SubframeRxi Here, T SubframeRxj It could be the time when the UE receives the start of a subframe from the positioning node j, and T SubframeRxi This could be the time when the UE receives a subframe from location node i, which is temporally closest to the subframe received from location node j. Multiple DL RRS resources can be used to determine the start of a subframe from the location node. For frequency range 1, the reference point for DL ​​RRSTD can be the UE's antenna connector. For frequency range 2, the reference point for DL ​​RRSTD can be the UE's antenna.

[0248] - Applicable to: RRC_CONNECTED same frequency, RRC_CONNECTED different frequency

[0249] For example, the following can represent the UE Rx-Tx time difference. For example, the following UE Rx-Tx time difference can be applied to SL positioning.

[0250] UE Rx-Tx time difference

[0251] - Definition: The time difference between UE Rx and Tx can be defined as T.UE-RX –T UE-TX Here, T UE-RX The UE reception timing can be defined by the downlink subframe #i from the location node, which is the first path detected in time, and T UE-TX This can be the UE transmission timing of the uplink subframe #j that is closest in time to the subframe #i received from the positioning node. Multiple DL PRS resources can be used to determine the start of a subframe in the first-arrival path of the positioning node. For frequency range 1, used for T UE-RX The reference point for the measurement can be the UE's Rx antenna connector, and it is used for T UE-TX The reference point for the measurement can be the UE's Tx antenna connector. For frequency range 2, for T... UE-RX The reference point for the measurement can be the UE's Rx antenna, and it is used for T. UE-TX The reference point for the measurement can be the UE's Tx antenna.

[0252] - Applicable to: RRC_CONNECTED same frequency, RRC_CONNECTED different frequency

[0253] For example, the following example can represent the relative arrival time of UL (T) UL-RTOA Examples. For instance, the following UL RTOA can be applied to SL positioning.

[0254] UL Relative Time of Arrival (TUL-RTOA) (T UL-RTOA )

[0255] - Definition: UL relative arrival time (T) UL-RTOA The reference time (T) can be the start of subframe i of the SRS received at location node j, relative to a configurable reference time. Multiple SRS resources used for location can be used to determine the start of a subframe of the SRS received at the location node. UL-RTOA The reference points can be as follows: - For Type 1-C base station TS 38.104 [9]: Rx antenna connector; - For Type 1-O or 2-O base station TS 38.104 [9]: Rx antenna; - For Type 1-H base station TS 38.104 [9]: Rx transceiver array boundary connector.

[0256] For example, the following can represent an example of the gNB Rx-Tx time difference. For example, the following gNB Rx-Tx time difference can be applied to SL positioning.

[0257] gNB Rx-Tx Time Difference

[0258] - Definition: The time difference between gNB Rx and Tx can be defined as T. gNB-RX –TgNB-TX Here, T gNB-RX The timing can be defined by the location node receiving the uplink subframe #i containing the SRS associated with the UE, which is the first path detected in time. gNB-TX The timing can be the transmission timing of the positioning node in downlink subframe #j, which is closest in time to subframe #i received from the UE. Multiple SRS resources used for positioning can be used to determine the start of a subframe containing SRS. For T... gNB-RX The reference points can be as follows: - For Type 1-C base station TS 38.104[9]: Rx antenna connector, - For Type 1-O or 2-O base station TS38.104[9]: Rx antenna, - For Type 1-H base station TS 38.104[9]: Rx transceiver array boundary connector. For T gNB-TX The reference points can be as follows: - For type 1-C base station TS 38.104[9]: Tx antenna connector, - For type 1-O or 2-O base station TS 38.104[9]: Tx antenna, - For type 1-H base station TS 38.104[9]: Tx transceiver array boundary connector.

[0259] For example, the following can represent an example of UL Angle of Arrival (AoA). For example, the following UL AoA can be applied to SL positioning.

[0260] UL Angle of Arrival (UL AoA)

[0261] - Definition: The UL angle of arrival (UL AoA) can be defined as the estimated azimuth and vertical angle of the UE relative to a reference direction, which is defined as follows: - In the global coordinate system (GCS), the estimated azimuth can be measured relative to geographic north and is positive in the counterclockwise direction, and the estimated vertical angle can be measured relative to the zenith and is positive in the horizontal direction. - In the local coordinate system (LCS), the estimated azimuth can be measured relative to the x-axis of the LCS and is positive in the counterclockwise direction, and the estimated vertical angle can be measured relative to the z-axis of the LCS and is positive in the xy plane direction. The azimuth, downtilt, and tilt angles of the LCS are defined according to TS 38.901

[14] . The UL AoA is determined at the gNB antenna for the UL channel corresponding to this UE.

[0262] For example, the following example can represent an example of UL SRS reference signal received power (RSRP). For example, the following ULSRS RSRP can be applied to SL positioning.

[0263] UL SRS Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)

[0264] Definition: The UL SRS reference signal received power (UL SRS-RSRP) is defined as the linear average of the power contributions (in [W]) of the resource element carrying the probe reference signal (SRS). The UL SRS-RSRP can be measured on the configured resource element within the measurement frequency bandwidth considered at the configured measurement time point. For frequency range 1, the reference point for the UL SRS-RSRP can be the antenna connector of the gNB. For frequency range 2, the UL SRS-RSRP can be measured based on the combined signal from the antenna element corresponding to a given receiver branch. For frequency ranges 1 and 2, if the gNB uses receiver diversity, the reported UL SRS-RSRP value can be no less than the corresponding UL SRS-RSRP of any one of the individual receiver branches.

[0265] The following terms may be used in this disclosure.

[0266] - LMF: Location Management Function

[0267] - UE-triggered SL location: Side link (SL) location triggered by the UE.

[0268] - SL positioning triggered by base station / LMF: SL positioning triggered by base station / LMF

[0269] - UE-controlled SL positioning: SL positioning where the UE creates SL positioning groups.

[0270] - Base station controlled SL positioning: SL positioning where the base station creates SL positioning groups.

[0271] - UE-based SL positioning: SL positioning calculated by the UE to determine the UE's location.

[0272] - UE-assisted SL positioning: SL positioning of the UE location calculated by the base station / LMF

[0273] - SL Positioning Group: UEs participating in SL positioning

[0274] - Target UE (T-UE): The UE whose location is calculated

[0275] - Server UE (S-UE): UE that assists in the positioning of the T-UE.

[0276] - Anchor UE: UE that assists in the positioning of T-UE

[0277] - MG: Measurement gap that only allows SL PRS transmission

[0278] - MW: Measurement window capable of transmitting both SL data and SL PRS in a multiplexed manner.

[0279] - SL PRS: Side Link Positioning Reference Signal

[0280] - CCH: Control Channel

[0281] - Inter-UE Coordination (IUC) Message: A message received by the TX UE from other UEs, including the RX UE, which includes information about a set of resources suitable for transmission (preferred resources) and / or information about a set of resources unsuitable for transmission from the TX UE to the RX UE (non-preferred resources).

[0282] JCAS: Joint Communications and Sensing

[0283] - RIS: Reconfigurable Smart Surfaces

[0284] In this disclosure, SL PRS transport (resources) can be configured with an SL PRS resource set (e.g., an SL PRS resource pool, a (shared) SL resource pool) which is configured with at least one of the following information.

[0285] - SL PRS Resource Set ID

[0286] - SL PRS Resource ID List: A list of SL PRS resource IDs in the SL PRS resource set.

[0287] - SL PRS resource type: Can be set to periodic, non-periodic, semi-persistent, or on-demand.

[0288] - Alpha value of SL PRS power control

[0289] - P0 value of SL PRS power control

[0290] - Path loss reference for SL PRS power control: can be set to SL SSB or DL ​​PRS or UL SRS or UL SRS or PSCCH DMRS or PSSCH DMRS or PSFCH or SL CSI RS, etc. for positioning.

[0291] In this disclosure, an SL PRS resource set (e.g., an SL PRS resource pool, a (shared) SL resource pool) may be configured with SL PRS resources, which are configured with at least one of the following information.

[0292] - SL PRS Resource ID

[0293] - SL PRS comb size: The spacing between REs used for SL PRS transmissions within a symbol.

[0294] - SL PRS comb offset: where the RE index of the SL PRS is first transmitted within the first SL PRS symbol.

[0295] - SL PRS comb cyclic shift: used to generate the cyclic shifts that make up the SL PRS sequence.

[0296] - SL PRS start position - where the index of the first symbol of the SL PRS transmitted within a time slot is located.

[0297] - Number of SL PRS symbols: The number of symbols configured for SL PRS within a time slot.

[0298] - Frequency Domain Offset: The lowest frequency position (index) at which SL PRS is transmitted in the frequency domain.

[0299] - SL PRS BW: Frequency bandwidth used for SL PRS transmission

[0300] - SL PRS resource type: Can be set to periodic, non-periodic, semi-persistent, or on-demand.

[0301] - SL PRS Periodicity: The periodicity of SL PRS resources in the time domain, measured in physical or logical time slots within the resource pool that sends the SL PRS.

[0302] - SL PRS Offset: The time-domain offset of the start of the first SL PRS resource relative to the reference timing, in units of physical or logical time slots within the resource pool where the SL PRS is transmitted. The reference timing can be SFN=0 or DFN=0, or the time of successful reception or decoding of RRC / MAC-CE / DCI / SCI associated with the SL PRS resource.

[0303] - SL PRS Sequence ID

[0304] - SL PRS spatial relationship: can be set to SL SSB or DL ​​PRS or UL SRS or UL SRS or PSCCH DMRS or PSSCH DMRS or PSFCH or SL CSI RS, etc. for positioning.

[0305] - SL PRS CCH: SL PRS control channel. It can use signals to send SL PRS resource configuration information, resource location, etc.

[0306] In this disclosure, a target UE may refer to a device (e.g., a UE) that uses a Uu link / side link to measure its distance, orientation, and / or location with the support of one or more anchor devices (e.g., anchor UEs).

[0307] In this disclosure, anchor UE may refer to a device (e.g., UE) that supports the positioning of a target UE, and / or a device (e.g., UE) that performs the transmission and reception of positioning reference signals and provides positioning-related information through a Uu link / side link.

[0308] In this disclosure, a location server (e.g., a server UE) may refer to means (e.g., UE, gNB, LMF, E-SMLC, SUPL SLP) that provides functions for determining a positioning method for a positioning and ranging service, distributing auxiliary data and / or calculating a location, and / or means (e.g., UE) that interacts with other means (e.g., UE) via PC5 to determine a ranging / positioning method, distribute auxiliary data and calculate the location of a target UE, and / or, if any of the above functions are supported, the target UE or anchor UE may act as a location server (e.g., a server UE).

[0309] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, in a dedicated resource pool used solely for SL PRS transmissions, it may be necessary to define signaling associated with SL PRS transmissions and / or signal the SCI fields required for reserved SL PRS transmission resources.

[0310] In this disclosure, a method may be proposed for efficiently transmitting signaling associated with SL PRS transmission and / or signaling of reserved SL PRS transmission resources in a (dedicated / shared) resource pool for SL PRS transmission.

[0311] For example, the SCI associated with an SL PRS transmission in a (dedicated / shared) (transmit / receive) resource pool used for SL PRS transmissions may include information such as at least one of the following: - For example, information about whether it is an aperiodic SL PRS transmission, and / or, in the case of an aperiodic SL PRS transmission, information about the time slots that include aperiodic SL PRS resources reserved by the UE. For example, the time slots may be limited to a threshold number of time slots starting from the time slot on which the SCI is transmitted. For example, the threshold number could be 32.

[0312] - For example, information about whether it is a periodic SL PRS transmission, and / or, in the case of periodic SL PRS transmission, periodic information in units of time slots for periodic SL PRS resources reserved by the UE.

[0313] - For example, (in the above case) information may be included regarding the number of remaining periodic SL PRS transmissions for periodic SL PRS transmissions after the SL PRS transmission associated with SCI.

[0314] - For example, a flag indicating whether an SL PRS transmission associated with SCI is a periodic or non-periodic transmission.

[0315] For example, if multiplexing of SL PRS resources transmitted by different UEs in a time slot is allowed in a (dedicated / shared) resource pool, PSCCHs can be transmitted by performing frequency division multiplexing (FDM) in the frequency domain, with each of these PSCCHs transmitting an SCI associated with each of the SL PRS resources, and thus, interference caused by resource overlap between each of the PSCCHs can be minimized.

[0316] For example, the granularity or bandwidth in the frequency domain of PSCCH resources for transmitting SCI in a (dedicated / shared) (transmit / receive) resource pool for SL PRS transmission can be (pre)configured in the resource pool. For example, the granularity or bandwidth in the frequency domain for PSCCH resources can be configured on a sub-channel basis or on a resource block (RB) basis.

[0317] For example, in addition to the granularity or bandwidth in the frequency domain used for PSCCH transmission, the frequency gap between adjacent PSCCH frequency resources in the frequency domain can also be (pre)configured in the resource pool. For example, the frequency gap between the start frequency positions of adjacent PSCCHs in the frequency domain can be (pre)configured in the resource pool. For example, if the frequency gap between the start frequency positions of adjacent PSCCHs is 8 resource blocks (RBs), and / or the bandwidth of the PSCCH is configured to be 10 resource blocks (RBs), then each PSCCH can be transmitted in frequency division multiplexing (FDM) form based on this configuration, by overlapping 2 resource blocks with the adjacent PSCCH.

[0318] For example, if one or more PSCCHs are transmitted in the frequency domain based on Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), the FDM region in which the PSCCHs are transmitted can be determined based on the sequence ID of the SL PRS associated with the PSCCH. For example, the FDM region of the PSCCH associated with the SL PRS can be determined based on the modulo N value of the SL PRS sequence ID. For example, the N value could be a value determined based on the total number of SL PRS candidates transmitted from different UEs within a time slot of a multiplexed (dedicated / shared) resource pool.

[0319] For example, for an SL PRS transmitted by different UEs in a time slot within a (dedicated / shared) resource pool, it can be (pre)configured in the resource pool to allow only one of the operations of time division multiplexing (TDM) or comb-based multiplexing.

[0320] For example, if multiplexing of SL PRS resources transmitted by different UEs in a time slot is allowed in a (dedicated / shared) resource pool, then the PSCCH for transmitting the SCI associated with the SL PRS resource can be transmitted by at least one of the following methods.

[0321] For example, if time division multiplexing (TDM) and / or comb-based multiplexing of SL PRS resources transmitted by different UEs in a time slot is permitted in a (dedicated / shared) resource pool, then PSCCH associated with the SL PRS resources can be transmitted based on the index of the time division multiplexing (TDM) interval in which the SL PRS resources are transmitted, and based on the frequency division multiplexing (FDM) in the frequency domain of the symbol in which the PSCCH is transmitted.

[0322] For example, (in the above case) PSCCHs associated with SL PRS resources transmitted by different UEs and transmitted via comb-based multiplexing at the same time division multiplexing (TDM) interval can be transmitted by the symbols in which the PSCCHs are transmitted completely or partially overlapping in the same frequency domain.

[0323] For example, (in the above case) a PSCCH transmitted via comb-based multiplexing at the same time division multiplexing (TDM) interval can transmit the comb (size) / RE offset value of each associated SL PRS resource via the SCI transmitted by the PSCCH. For example, (through the above operation) a UE receiving the PSCCH can distinguish SL PRS resources based on the comb (size) / RE offset value transmitted by the SCI to receive SL PRS resources that are comb-based multiplexed at the same time division multiplexing (TDM) interval.

[0324] For example, (in the case described above) PSCCHs can be transmitted by comb-based multiplexing in the same time division multiplexing (TDM) interval, based on the comb (size) / RE offset value of each associated SL PRS resource, by scrambling mutually orthogonal sequences, and by code-based multiplexing in time division multiplexing (TDM) intervals.

[0325] For example, in a (dedicated / shared) resource pool used for SL PRS transport, the SCI associated with the SL PRS transport may include at least one of the following: - Information regarding the indexing of time slots that include reserved SL PRS resources. - The SL PRS resource ID used for each of the reserved SL PRS resources (e.g., the time / frequency location of the SL PRS resource within a time slot can be uniquely identified based on the SL PRS resource ID).

[0326] - SL combination IDs used for SL PRS resources. For example, for SL PRSs with the same associated SL combination IDs, combination is performed at the receiver to improve reception performance.

[0327] - Indicates that the SL combination ID is a new, first, or initial SL PRS indicator for a previously developed SL PRS combination or for a new SL location service.

[0328] For example, in a shared or dedicated resource pool used for SL PRS transmissions, when the channel characteristics (attributes) used to transmit SL PRS change differently than before, a new, first, or initial SL PRS indicator indicating that it is for a new SL PRS combination transmission can be switched to a value different from the previously (initial) set value. For example, if the SL PRS indicator value is the same as the previously (initial) set value, the operation of combining the previously (initial) received SL PRS and the newly received SL PRS associated with the SCI can be performed, and if the SL PRS indicator value is set to a value different from the previously (initial) set value, a new combination can be performed separately based on the newly received SL PRS associated with the SCI and the previously (initial) received SL PRS.

[0329] - For example, if a UE transmitting SL PRS transmits SL PRS resources associated with SCI by selecting a synchronization reference entity (e.g., GNSS, gNB, UE) that is different from the synchronization reference entity selected for the operation of previously (initially) transmitting SL PRS (e.g., GNSS, gNB, UE) as the new SL synchronization reference, the UE can transmit a new, first, or initial SL PRS indicator value in the SCI field by switching it to a value different from the previously (initially) set value.

[0330] For example, the SCI information (described above) associated with SL PRS transmissions can be included in the downlink control information (DCI), in which the base station sends SL PRS transmission resource allocation information to the UE operating in a mode (e.g., mode 1) where SL PRS transmission resources are allocated from the base station. For example, depending on whether the SL PRS resources to which the transmission resources are allocated are for periodic SL PRS transmissions or for aperiodic SL PRS transmissions, the DCI can be sent by scrambling using different Radio Network Temporary Identifiers (RNTIs).

[0331] For example, a DCI may include a flag indicating whether the SL PRS resource allocated for transmission is a resource for periodic SL PRS transmission or a resource for aperiodic SL PRS transmission. For example, (in the above case) if the size (number of bits) of the DCI allocated for periodic SL PRS transmission resources is different from the size (number of bits) of the DCI allocated for aperiodic SL PRS transmission resources, the size can be aligned by performing zero padding on the DCI with the smaller size, so that it becomes the same size as the DCI with the larger size of the two types of DCIs.

[0332] Based on various embodiments of this disclosure, a method can be proposed for efficiently transmitting signaling associated with SL PRS transmissions and signaling for reserved SL PRS transmission resources in a (dedicated / shared) resource pool for SL PRS transmissions.

[0333] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, if the UE operates in a mode where SL PRS transmission resources are allocated from the base station (e.g., mode 1), it may be necessary to define a method by which the base station allocates SL PRS transmission resources to the UE.

[0334] In this disclosure, a method for efficiently allocating SL PRS transmission resources to a UE when the base station is operating in a mode in which it allocates SL PRS transmission resources from the base station.

[0335] For example, in a shared resource pool capable of transmitting both SL data and SL PRS, if the UE operates in a mode where the base station allocates SL PRS transmission resources to the UE, the base station may allocate SL PRS transmission resources to the UE as at least one of the following: - For example, a base station can indicate the SL PRS resource ID of the SL PRS resource to be allocated via DCI.

[0336] - For example, an SL PRS resource (ID) can be determined based on the number of symbols included in the SL PRS resource and / or the index of the starting symbol and / or the comb (size) / RE offset.

[0337] For example, an SL PRS resource (ID) can be determined based on at least one of the following: SL PRS Resource (ID) = Symbol Index Nmax + comb (size) / RE offset For example, Nmax can represent the (maximum) number of symbols that can be used for SL PRS transfers in a shared resource pool, and / or the symbol index represents the index of the starting symbol used for the SL PRS resource, and the comb (size) / RE offset represents the comb (size) / RE offset associated with the SL PRS resource.

[0338] For example, the base station can send DCIs to the UE for allocating SL PRS transmission resources for a dedicated resource pool used only for SL PRS transmissions and / or for allocating SL PRS transmission resources for a shared resource pool by scrambling them with different RNTIs.

[0339] For example, (in the above case) if the DCI used for the dedicated resource pool and / or the DCI used for the shared resource pool are different sizes, zero-padding can be performed on the DCI with the smaller size in each of the two resource pools so that it can be aligned with the larger DCI size.

[0340] For example, if the base station allocates SL PRS transmission resources to the UE, the SL PRS transmission resources allocated from the base station can be used for SL data transmission if the SL PRS transmission is not performed or is discarded.

[0341] For example, (in the above case) the base station may send the UE allocation information for time slots that can include SL PRS transmission resources, and / or the UE may determine the resources (e.g., symbols) to transmit SL data and the resources (e.g., symbols) to transmit SL PRS independently in the allocated time slots.

[0342] For example, in a dedicated resource pool used only for SL PRS transmissions, if the UE operates (is configured) in a mode where SL PRS transmission resources are allocated from the base station (e.g., mode 1), the UE can send information (signals) to the base station to (configure) the allocation of SL PRS (transmission) resources and / or request the allocation of SL PRS (transmission) resources. For example, (in the above case) if the base station allocates PUCCH / PUSCH resources to the UE (for transmitting additional information), the UE can send configuration information to the base station for SL positioning (SL PRS) transmissions (or SL PRS resources to be used for SL PRS).

[0343] For example, information (signals) for allocating and / or requesting the allocation of SL PRS (transmission) resources and / or configuration information for SL PRS transmission (resources) may include at least one of the following: - SL PRS Resource ID - Comb-like size - Number of SL PRS symbols - SL location session information associated with the SL location service (e.g., SL location session ID), where the SL location service is associated with the SL PRS to be sent. For example, in the resource pool used for SL PRS transmission (reception), the SL PRS resources allocated by the base station to the UE and the SL PRS resources selected by the UE itself based on sensing and other factors can be transmitted through different time slots.

[0344] For example, in a resource pool used for SL PRS transmission, SL PRS resources allocated by the base station to the UE and SL PRS resources selected by the UE itself based on sensing, etc., can be multiplexed and transmitted through time division multiplexing (TDM) and / or comb-based multiplexing within a time slot. For example (in the above operation), the UE can report sensing results for the resource pool to the base station. For example, (in the above case) the sensing results can include sensing results for each SL PRS resource ID. For example, sensing of resource selection for the UE can be performed for each SL PRS resource ID.

[0345] Based on various embodiments of this disclosure, when the UE operates in a mode where SL PRS transmission resources are allocated from the base station, a method can be proposed whereby the base station allocates SL PRS transmission resources to the UE based on whether the resource pool used for SL PRS transmission is a dedicated resource pool or a shared resource pool.

[0346] Figure 17 The process for performing a method of wireless communication based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. Figure 17 The embodiments described herein can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0347] refer to Figure 17 Based on embodiments of this disclosure, RS (e.g., RS for positioning ((SL) PRS / SRS)) can be transmitted and received by devices (e.g., anchor UE, target UE, location server (e.g., server UE, gNB / eNB, LMF, etc.)). For example, the devices can be configured with information related to resource pools used for RS transmission / reception (e.g., a shared resource pool that can be used for both RS transmission and PSSCH transmission and / or a dedicated resource pool that can only be used for RS transmission and not for PSSCH transmission). For example, the information related to the resource pool may include information related to RS transmission / reception (resources).

[0348] For example, the target UE can send and receive RS with the anchor UE for first positioning (e.g., TDOA positioning, RTT positioning, etc.). For example, the target UE can receive control information related to 1-1 RS from the server / anchor UE 1 for first positioning. For example, the target UE can receive 1-1 RS from the server / anchor UE 1 for first positioning. For example, the target UE can receive control information related to 1-2 RS from the server / anchor UE 1 for first positioning. For example, the target UE can receive 1-2 RS from the server / anchor UE 1 for first positioning.

[0349] For example, control information may include information related to RS resources and information indicating whether an RS transmitted based on RS resources is used for a different location than the first location. For example, control information may include information related to RS resources and / or first information related to whether the RS is an RS used for a previous (initial) location (location service) or an RS used for a new location (service). For example, first information may include information related to whether the RS has the same channel characteristics (attributes) as the previous (initial) location (location service) or has different channel characteristics (attributes) than the previous (initial) location (location service). For example, first information may include information related to the (reference) transmit / receive point (TRP) of the first location. For example, first information may include information related to the quasi-co-located (QCL) of the first location. For example, first information may include information related to the synchronization reference of the first location (e.g., synchronization reference, reference time, SSB configuration, etc.). For example, first information may include information related to the location method of the first location (e.g., RTT, TDOA, AoD, GNSS, etc.). For example, first information may include information related to the location mode of the first location (e.g., UE-assisted, UE-based, independent). For example, the first information may include information related to location service parameters (e.g., accuracy, response time) of the first location. For example, the first information may be represented by IDs (e.g., 0, 1, 2, ...) and / or indicators (e.g., 0, 1, 2, ...).

[0350] For example, RS positioning and / or RS channel characteristics (attributes) can be changed. For example, a positioning different from the first positioning can be requested / initiated. For example, a (reference) transmit / receive point (TRP) different from the first positioning can participate in positioning. For example, information related to a QCL different from the first positioning can be used / obtained. For example, information related to a synchronization reference different from the first positioning can be used / obtained. For example, information related to a positioning method different from the first positioning can be used / obtained. For example, information related to a positioning mode different from the first positioning can be used / obtained. For example, information related to positioning service parameters different from the first positioning can be used / obtained.

[0351] For example, the target UE may receive control information related to 1-3 RS, which includes the first information (e.g., indicator 0) being switched (e.g., indicator 1).

[0352] For example, if the IDs / indicators represented by the first information are the same (match), the target UE can combine the corresponding received RSs (e.g., the 1-1 RS associated with the 1-1 control information and the 1-2 RS associated with the 1-2 control information for the same device, and if even different devices are included, the 1-1 RS associated with the 1-1 control information, the 1-2 RS associated with the 1-2 control information, the 2-1 RS associated with the 2-1 control information, and the 2-2 RS associated with the 2-2 control information) and use them for the first positioning. For example, if the IDs / indicators represented by the first information are different (mismatch), the target UE can choose not to combine the corresponding received RSs (e.g., the 1-3 RS associated with the 1-3 control information) and can choose not to use them for the first positioning.

[0353] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, various effects can be achieved. For example, based on embodiments of this disclosure, positioning accuracy can be improved when sending and receiving information identifying whether it is a retransmission (merging) for a previous positioning service or an initial transmission for a new positioning service. For instance, when sending and receiving information identifying whether it is a retransmission (merging) for a previous positioning service or an initial transmission for a new positioning service, positioning errors that may occur when performing positioning without differentiation in cases where the synchronization reference or other factors have changed compared to the previous positioning service can be reduced.

[0354] Figure 18 A method for performing wireless communication for a first device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 18 The embodiments can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0355] refer to Figure 18 Based on embodiments of this disclosure, in step S1810, for example, the first device may send a first RS. In step S1820, for example, the first device may send control information related to a second RS. In step S1830, for example, the first device may send a second RS. For example, the control information related to the second RS may include first information indicating whether the second RS is related to the first RS.

[0356] Alternatively, the second RS may include a positioning reference signal (PRS).

[0357] Alternatively, a second RS may be sent based on a second RS resource.

[0358] Alternatively, the control information associated with the second RS may include time-domain information related to the second RS resource.

[0359] Alternatively, the information associated with the second RS resource may include information related to the RS resource identifier (ID).

[0360] Alternatively, information related to the sequence ID of the second RS can be obtained.

[0361] Alternatively, (i) the transmission of control information associated with the second RS and (ii) the frequency domain of the frequency division multiplexing (FDM) may be based on the sequence ID of the second RS.

[0362] Alternatively, based on the first information indicating that the second RS is unrelated to the first RS, the value related to the first information can be sent by being switched.

[0363] Alternatively, based on the first information indicating that the second RS is related to the first RS, the value related to the first information can be sent without being switched.

[0364] Alternatively, the first RS may be transmitted based on the first channel.

[0365] Alternatively, a second RS may be transmitted based on a second channel.

[0366] Alternatively, based on the difference between the attributes of the first channel and the attributes of the second channel, a value related to the first information can be sent by switching.

[0367] Alternatively, the first RS may be transmitted based on the first channel.

[0368] Alternatively, a second RS may be transmitted based on a second channel.

[0369] Alternatively, based on the fact that the attributes of the first channel and the attributes of the second channel are the same, the value associated with the first information can be sent without being switched.

[0370] Alternatively, the attributes of the first channel may include information related to the first synchronization reference.

[0371] Alternatively, the attributes of the second channel may include information related to the second synchronization reference.

[0372] Alternatively, information related to the resource pool used for RS transmission can be obtained.

[0373] Alternatively, the resource pool may include a shared resource pool that can be used for both Physical Side Link Shared Channel (PSSCH) transmission and RS transmission, or a dedicated resource pool that can be used for RS transmission but not for PSSCH transmission.

[0374] Alternatively, a second RS can be sent based on RS resources.

[0375] Alternatively, downlink control information can be received from the base station via the downlink channel.

[0376] Alternatively, the downlink control information may include information related to RS resources and may be scrambled with different Radio Network Temporary Identifiers (RNTIs) based on whether the RS resources are periodic resources.

[0377] Alternatively, the first RS can be sent based on RS resources.

[0378] Alternatively, the first downlink control information can be received from the base station via the downlink channel.

[0379] Alternatively, the first downlink control information may include (i) information related to RS resources and (ii) zero-padding bits.

[0380] Alternatively, based on (i) receiving second downlink control information in a different format than the first downlink control information, and (ii) the first payload size of the first downlink control information is smaller than the second payload size of the second downlink control information, the zero-padding bits may include bits to be appended such that the first payload size is equal to the second payload size.

[0381] The proposed method can be applied to devices based on various embodiments of this disclosure. First, the memory 104 of the first device 100 can store instructions that are executed by the processor 102, causing the first device (e.g., processor 102, transceiver 106) to perform operations. For example, these operations may include: transmitting a first RS; transmitting control information associated with a second reference signal (RS); and / or transmitting a second RS, wherein the control information associated with the second RS may include first information indicating whether the second RS is associated with the first RS.

[0382] In one embodiment, a method for performing wireless communication by a first device is provided. For example, the first device may transmit a first reference signal (RS). For example, the first device may transmit control information associated with a second reference signal (RS). For example, the first device may transmit a second reference signal (RS). For example, the control information associated with the second reference signal (RS) may include first information indicating whether the second reference signal (RS) is associated with the first reference signal (RS).

[0383] In one embodiment, a first device adapted to perform wireless communication is provided. The first device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the first device to perform an operation. For example, the operation may include: transmitting a first RS; transmitting control information associated with a second reference signal (RS); and / or transmitting a second RS, wherein the control information associated with the second RS may include first information indicating whether the second RS is associated with the first RS.

[0384] In one embodiment, a processing apparatus adapted to control a first device is provided. For example, the processing apparatus may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the first device to perform an operation. For example, the operation may include: transmitting a first RS; transmitting control information associated with a second reference signal (RS); and / or transmitting a second RS, wherein the control information associated with the second RS may include first information indicating whether the second RS is associated with the first RS.

[0385] In an embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided for storing instructions. When executed, these instructions can cause a first device to perform operations. For example, the operations may include: transmitting a first RS; transmitting control information associated with a second reference signal (RS); and / or transmitting a second RS, wherein the control information associated with the second RS may include first information indicating whether the second RS is associated with the first RS.

[0386] Figure 19 A method for performing wireless communication for a second device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 19 The embodiments can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0387] refer to Figure 19 Based on embodiments of this disclosure, in step S1910, for example, the second device may receive the first RS. In step S1920, for example, the second device may receive control information associated with the second reference signal (RS). In step S1930, for example, the second device may receive the second RS. For example, the control information associated with the second RS may include first information indicating whether the second RS is associated with the first RS.

[0388] Alternatively, the second RS may include a positioning reference signal (PRS).

[0389] Alternatively, a second RS may be sent based on a second RS resource.

[0390] Alternatively, the control information associated with the second RS may include time-domain information related to the second RS resource.

[0391] Alternatively, the information associated with the second RS resource may include information related to the RS resource identifier (ID).

[0392] Alternatively, information related to the sequence ID of the second RS can be obtained.

[0393] Alternatively, (i) the transmission of control information associated with the second RS and (ii) the frequency domain of the frequency division multiplexing (FDM) may be based on the sequence ID of the second RS.

[0394] Alternatively, control information related to the first RS may be sent, including second information indicating whether the first RS is used for the first positioning.

[0395] Alternatively, based on (i) the second information indicating that the first RS is used for the first location and (ii) the first information indicating that the second RS is used for a second location different from the first location, the value associated with the first information can be sent by being switched.

[0396] Alternatively, control information related to the first RS may be sent, including second information indicating whether the first RS is used for the first positioning.

[0397] Alternatively, based on (i) the second information indicating that the first RS is used for the first positioning and (ii) the first information indicating that the second RS is used for the first positioning, the first RS may be combined with the second RS used for the first positioning.

[0398] Alternatively, the first RS may be transmitted based on the first channel.

[0399] Alternatively, a second RS may be transmitted based on a second channel.

[0400] Alternatively, based on the different attributes of the first channel and the second channel, the value related to the first information can be sent by switching.

[0401] Alternatively, the first RS may be transmitted based on the first channel.

[0402] Alternatively, a second RS may be transmitted based on a second channel.

[0403] Alternatively, the first RS may be combined with the second RS used for the first positioning, based on the fact that the attributes of the first channel and the second channel are the same.

[0404] Alternatively, the attributes of the first channel may include information related to the first synchronization reference.

[0405] Alternatively, the attributes of the second channel may include information related to the second synchronization reference.

[0406] Alternatively, information related to the resource pool used for RS transmission can be obtained.

[0407] Alternatively, the resource pool may include a shared resource pool that can be used for both Physical Side Link Shared Channel (PSSCH) transmission and RS transmission, or a dedicated resource pool that can be used for RS transmission but not for PSSCH transmission.

[0408] Alternatively, a second RS can be sent based on RS resources.

[0409] Alternatively, downlink control information can be received from the base station via the downlink channel.

[0410] Alternatively, the downlink control information may include information related to RS resources and may be scrambled with different Radio Network Temporary Identifiers (RNTIs) based on whether the RS resources are periodic resources.

[0411] Alternatively, the first RS can be sent based on RS resources.

[0412] Alternatively, the first downlink control information can be received from the base station via the downlink channel.

[0413] Alternatively, the first downlink control information may include (i) information related to RS resources and (ii) zero-padding bits.

[0414] Alternatively, based on (i) receiving second downlink control information in a different format than the first downlink control information and (ii) the first payload size of the first downlink control information being smaller than the second payload size of the second downlink control information, the zero-padding bits may include bits to be appended such that the first payload size is equal to the second payload size.

[0415] The proposed method can be applied to apparatuses based on various embodiments of this disclosure. First, the memory 204 of the second apparatus 200 can store instructions that are executed by the processor 202 to cause the second apparatus (e.g., processor 202, transceiver 206) to perform operations. For example, these operations may include: receiving a first RS; receiving control information associated with a second reference signal (RS); and / or receiving a second RS, wherein the control information associated with the second RS may include first information indicating whether the second RS is associated with the first RS.

[0416] In an embodiment, a method for performing wireless communication by a second device is provided. For example, the second device may receive a first reference signal (RS). For example, the second device may receive control information associated with a second reference signal (RS). For example, the second device may receive a second reference signal (RS), wherein the control information associated with the second reference signal (RS) may include first information indicating whether the second reference signal (RS) is associated with the first reference signal (RS).

[0417] In an embodiment, a second device adapted to perform wireless communication is provided. For example, the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the second device to perform an operation. For example, the operation may include: receiving a first RS; receiving control information associated with a second reference signal (RS); and / or receiving a second RS, wherein the control information associated with the second RS may include first information indicating whether the second RS is associated with the first RS.

[0418] In one embodiment, a processing apparatus adapted to control a second device is provided. For example, the processing apparatus may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the second device to perform an operation. For example, the operation may include: receiving a first reference signal (RS); receiving control information associated with a second reference signal (RS); and / or receiving a second reference signal (RS), wherein the control information associated with the second reference signal (RS) may include first information indicating whether the second reference signal (RS) is associated with the first reference signal (RS).

[0419] In an embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided for storing instructions. When executed, these instructions can cause a second device to perform operations. For example, the operations may include: receiving a first RS; receiving control information associated with a second reference signal (RS); and / or receiving a second RS, wherein the control information associated with the second RS may include first information indicating whether the second RS is associated with the first RS.

[0420] The various embodiments disclosed herein can be combined with each other.

[0421] Hereinafter, apparatuses to which various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied will be described.

[0422] The various descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operating procedures described herein can be applied to, but are not limited to, various fields requiring wireless communication / connectivity between devices (e.g., 5G).

[0423] The following description will be given in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following drawings / description, unless otherwise described, the same reference numerals may denote the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks.

[0424] Figure 20 A communication system 1 based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 20 The embodiments described herein can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0425] Reference Figure 20 The communication system 1, which applies various embodiments of this disclosure, includes a wireless device, a base station (BS), and a network. Hereinafter, a wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G New RAT (NR) or Long Term Evolution (LTE)) and may be referred to as a communication / radio / 5G device. The wireless device may include, but is not limited to, a robot 100a, a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an extended reality (XR) device 100c, a handheld device 100d, a home appliance 100e, an Internet of Things (IoT) device 100f, and an artificial intelligence (AI) device / server 400. For example, a vehicle may include a vehicle with wireless communication capabilities, an autonomous vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Hereinafter, a vehicle may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an aircraft (AV) (e.g., Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)). XR devices can include augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) / mixed reality (MR) devices and can be implemented in the form of head-mounted displays (HMDs), head-up displays (HUDs) installed in vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, robots, etc. Handheld devices can include smartphones, smart tablets, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches or smart glasses) and computers (e.g., laptops). Home appliances can include TVs, refrigerators, and washing machines. IoT devices can include sensors and smart meters. For example, the BS and network can be implemented as wireless devices, and a particular wireless device 200a can operate as a BS / network node relative to other wireless devices.

[0426] In addition to LTE, NR, and 6G, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this disclosure may also include narrowband Internet of Things (IoT) for low-power communication. In this case, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technology and may be implemented as a standard such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the aforementioned names. Alternatively or additionally, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. In this case, as an example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN and may be referred to by various names including enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented as at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE Cat 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-bandwidth limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE machine-type communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the aforementioned names. Alternatively or concurrently, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this disclosure may include at least one of Bluetooth, Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN), and ZigBee, which takes into account low power communication, and is not limited to the aforementioned names. As an example, ZigBee technology may generate personal area networks (PANs) related to low / low power digital communication based on various standards including IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0427] Wireless devices 100a to 100f can connect to network 300 via BS 200. AI technology can be applied to wireless devices 100a to 100f, and wireless devices 100a to 100f can connect to AI server 400 via network 300. Network 300 can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. Although wireless devices 100a to 100f can communicate with each other via BS 200 / network 300, wireless devices 100a to 100f can perform direct communication with each other (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the BS / network. For example, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 can perform direct communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) / vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0428] Wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b, or 150c can be established between wireless devices 100a to 100f / BS 200 or BS200 / BS 200. Here, the wireless communication / connection can be established via various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication), or inter-BS communication (e.g., relay, access backhaul integration (IAB)). The wireless devices and BS / wireless devices can transmit / receive radio signals to / from each other via wireless communication / connections 150a and 150b. For example, wireless communication / connections 150a and 150b can transmit / receive signals via various physical channels. For this purpose, at least a portion of various configuration information configuration processes, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel coding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / demapping), and resource allocation processes for transmitting / receiving radio signals can be performed based on various proposals of this disclosure.

[0429] Figure 21 A wireless device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 21 The embodiments described herein can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0430] Reference Figure 21 The first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 can transmit radio signals via various RATs (e.g., LTE and NR). In this document, {first wireless device 100 and second wireless device 200} can correspond to... Figure 20 The {Wireless Device 100x and BS200} and / or {Wireless Device 100x and Wireless Device 100x}.

[0431] The first wireless device 100 may include one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104, and may additionally include one or more transceivers 106 and / or one or more antennas 108. The processors 102 may control the memories 104 and / or the transceivers 106, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed herein. For example, the processors 102 may process information in the memories 104 to generate a first information / signal, and then transmit a radio signal including the first information / signal via the transceivers 106. The processors 102 may receive a radio signal including a second information / signal via the transceivers 106, and then store the information obtained by processing the second information / signal in the memories 104. One or more memories 104 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and may store various information relating to the operation of one or more processors 102. For example, one or more memories 104 may store software code including commands for performing part or all of the processing controlled by one or more processors 102 or for performing the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operational flows disclosed in this document. Here, one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). One or more transceivers 106 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 108. Each transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. One or more transceivers 106 may be used interchangeably with one or more radio frequency (RF) units. In this disclosure, a wireless device may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0432] The second wireless device 200 may include one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204, and may additionally include one or more transceivers 206 and / or one or more antennas 208. The processors 202 may control the memories 204 and / or the transceivers 206, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed herein. For example, the processors 202 may process information in the memories 204 to generate a third message / signal, and subsequently transmit a radio signal including the third message / signal via the transceivers 206. The processors 202 may receive a radio signal including a fourth message / signal via the transceivers 106, and then store the information obtained by processing the fourth message / signal in the memories 204. One or more memories 204 may be connected to one or more processors 202 and may store various information relating to the operation of one or more processors 202. For example, one or more memories 204 may store software code including commands for performing part or all of the processing controlled by one or more processors 202 or for performing the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operational flows disclosed in this document. Here, one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). One or more transceivers 206 may be connected to one or more processors 202 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 208. Each transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. One or more transceivers 206 may be used interchangeably with one or more RF units. In this disclosure, a wireless device may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0433] The hardware components of wireless devices 100 and 200 will now be described in more detail. One or more protocol layers may be implemented, but are not limited to, by one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP). One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) in accordance with the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate messages, control information, data, or information in accordance with the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information, in accordance with the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document, and provide the generated signals to one or more transceivers 106 and 206. One or more processors 102 and 202 may receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 106 and 206, and acquire PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information in accordance with the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document.

[0434] One or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. One or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and such firmware or software may be configured to include modules, processes, or functions. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202 or stored in one or more memories 104 and 204, thereby being driven by one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operating procedures disclosed in this document can be implemented in software or firmware in the form of code, commands, and / or command sets.

[0435] One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202, and may store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be composed of read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be located internally and / or externally to one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 via various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0436] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the methods and / or operating procedures of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operating procedures disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and may transmit and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control such that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. One or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control such that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more antennas 108 and 208, and one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational procedures disclosed in this document through one or more antennas 108 and 208. In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received radio signals / channels, etc., from RF band signals to baseband signals for processing using one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert the processed user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., from baseband signals to RF band signals using one or more processors 102 and 202. For this purpose, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0437] Figure 22 A signal processing circuit for transmitting signals based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 22 The embodiments described herein can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0438] Reference Figure 22 The signal processing circuit 1000 may include a scrambler 1010, a modulator 1020, a layer mapper 1030, a pre-encoder 1040, a resource mapper 1050, and a signal generator 1060. It can perform... Figure 22 The operation / functions, but not limited to Figure 21The processors (102, 202) and / or transceivers (106, 206) can be used. Figure 21 The processors (102, 202) and / or transceivers (106, 206) are used to implement this. Figure 22 Hardware components. For example, it can be achieved through... Figure 21 The processors (102, 202) implement boxes 1010 to 1060. Alternatively, they can be implemented using... Figure 21 The processors (102, 202) implement boxes 1010 to 1050, and can be used to... Figure 21 The transceivers (106, 206) are used to implement the 1060 box.

[0439] Can be via Figure 22 The signal processing circuit 1000 converts codewords into radio signals. In this document, a codeword is a sequence of encoded bits for an information block. An information block may include a transmit block (e.g., a UL-SCH transmit block, a DL-SCH transmit block). Radio signals can be transmitted via various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH and PDSCH).

[0440] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by scrambler 1010. The scrambling sequence used for scrambling can be generated based on an initial value, which may include the ID information of the wireless device. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by modulator 1020. The modulation scheme may include pi / 2-binary phase shift keying (pi / 2-BPSK), m-phase shift keying (m-PSK), and m-quadrature amplitude modulation (m-QAM). The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by layer mapper 1030. The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped (pre-encoded) to (one or more) corresponding antenna ports by pre-encoder 1040. The output z of pre-encoder 1040 can be obtained by multiplying the output y of layer mapper 1030 with N. The M precoding matrix W is obtained by multiplying the two matrices. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmit layers. The precoder 1040 can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT) for complex modulation symbols. Alternatively, the precoder 1040 can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0441] Resource mapper 1050 maps modulation symbols for each antenna port to time-frequency resources. Time-frequency resources may include multiple symbols in the time domain (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols and DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. Signal generator 1060 can generate radio signals from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signals can be transmitted to other devices via each antenna. For this purpose, signal generator 1060 may include an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) module, a cyclic prefix (CP) inserter, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and an up-converter.

[0442] Able to be with Figure 22 The signal processing procedures (1010~1060) are configured in reverse order for the signal processing procedures used to receive signals in a wireless device. For example, a wireless device (e.g., Figure 21 The receiver (e.g., 100, 200) can receive radio signals from the outside via the antenna port / transceiver. The received radio signals can be converted into baseband signals using a signal recovery unit. For this purpose, the signal recovery unit may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) module. Next, the baseband signals can be recovered into codewords through a resource demapping process, a post-encoding process, a demodulation processor, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be recovered into the original information blocks through decoding. Therefore, the signal processing circuitry (not illustrated) used for receiving signals may include a signal recovery unit, a resource demapping unit, a post-encoder, a demodulator, a descrambler, and a decoder.

[0443] Figure 23 Another example of a wireless device based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. The wireless device can be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see reference). Figure 20 ). Figure 23 The embodiments described herein can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0444] Reference Figure 23 The wireless devices (100, 200) can correspond to Figure 21 The wireless devices (100, 200) can be configured using various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices (100, 200) may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130, and an additional component 140. The communication unit may include a communication circuit 112 and (one or more) transceivers 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 may include... Figure 21 One or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204). For example, transceiver 114 may include one or more transceivers. Figure 21The device comprises one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208). The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory 130, and the add-on components 140, and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit 120 may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on programs / code / commands / information stored in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 may transmit information stored in the memory unit 130 to an external source (e.g., another communication device) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless / wired interface, or store information received from an external source (e.g., another communication device) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit 130.

[0445] The add-on component 140 can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the add-on component 140 may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) unit, a drive unit, and a computing unit. The wireless device can be implemented in, but is not limited to, the following forms: robot ( Figure 20 100a), vehicles ( Figure 20 100b-1 and 100b-2), XR device ( Figure 20 100c), handheld device ( Figure 20 100d), home appliances ( Figure 20 100e), IoT devices ( Figure 20 100f), digital broadcasting terminals, holographic devices, public safety devices, MTC devices, medical devices, fintech devices (or financial devices), security devices, climate / environmental devices, AI servers / devices ( Figure 20 400), BS ( Figure 20 (e.g., 200), network nodes, etc. Depending on the use case / service, wireless devices can be used in mobile or fixed locations.

[0446] exist Figure 23In the wireless devices (100, 200), all various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules can be connected to each other via wired interfaces, or at least partially connected wirelessly via communication unit 110. For example, in each of the wireless devices (100, 200), control unit 120 and communication unit 110 can be connected via a wired connection, and control unit 120 and first units (e.g., 130, 140) can be wirelessly connected via communication unit 110. Each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless devices (100, 200) may also include one or more elements. For example, control unit 120 may be constructed using a collection of one or more processors. As an example, control unit 120 may be constructed using a collection of communication control processors, application processors, electronic control units (ECUs), graphics processing units, and memory control processors. As another example, memory 130 may be constructed using random access memory (RAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and / or combinations thereof.

[0447] The implementation will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 23 Examples.

[0448] Figure 24 A handheld device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. The handheld device may include a smartphone, smartpad, wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or smart glasses), or portable computer (e.g., a laptop). The handheld device may be referred to as a mobile station (MS), user terminal (UT), mobile subscriber station (MSS), subscriber station (SS), advanced mobile station (AMS), or wireless terminal (WT). Figure 24 The embodiments described herein can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0449] Reference Figure 24 The handheld device 100 may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130, a power supply unit 140a, an interface unit 140b, and an I / O unit 140c. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to... Figure 23 The frame is 110 to 130 / 140.

[0450] Communication unit 110 can send and receive signals (e.g., data signals and control signals) to and from other wireless devices or BSs. Control unit 120 can perform various operations by controlling the constituent elements of handheld device 100. Control unit 120 may include an application processor (AP). Storage unit 130 can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required to drive handheld device 100. Storage unit 130 can store input / output data / information. Power supply unit 140a can supply power to handheld device 100 and includes wired / wireless charging circuitry, battery, etc. Interface unit 140b can support connection of handheld device 100 to other external devices. Interface unit 140b may include various ports for connecting to external devices (e.g., audio I / O ports and video I / O ports). I / O unit 140c can input or output user-input video information / signals, audio information / signals, data and / or information. I / O unit 140c may include a camera, microphone, user input unit, display unit 140d, speaker and / or haptic module.

[0451] For example, in the case of data communication, I / O unit 140c can acquire user input information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, or video), and the acquired information / signals can be stored in storage unit 130. Communication unit 110 can convert the information / signals stored in the memory into radio signals and transmit the converted radio signals directly to other wireless devices or to the BS. Communication unit 110 can receive radio signals from other wireless devices or the BS, and then recover the received radio signals into the original information / signals. The recovered information / signals can be stored in storage unit 130 and can be output in various types (e.g., text, voice, image, video, or haptic feedback) through I / O unit 140.

[0452] Figure 25 Vehicles or autonomous vehicles based on embodiments of this disclosure are shown. Vehicles or autonomous vehicles can be implemented using mobile robots, cars, trains, manned / unmanned aerial vehicles (AVs), ships, etc. Figure 25 The embodiments described herein can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0453] Reference Figure 25 The vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a drive unit 140a, a power supply unit 140b, a sensor unit 140c, and an autonomous driving unit 140d. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to... Figure 23 The frame size is 110 / 130 / 140.

[0454] Communication unit 110 can send and receive signals (e.g., data signals and control signals) to and from external devices such as other vehicles, BS (e.g., gNB and roadside units), and servers. Control unit 120 can perform various operations by controlling elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100. Control unit 120 may include electronic control unit (ECU). Drive unit 140a can cause the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 to move on the road. Drive unit 140a may include engine, motor, transmission system, wheels, brakes, steering system, etc. Power supply unit 140b can supply power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. Sensor unit 140c can acquire vehicle status, external environment information, user information, etc. Sensor unit 140c may include inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors, collision sensors, wheel sensors, speed sensors, slope sensors, weight sensors, heading sensors, position modules, vehicle forward / reverse sensors, battery sensors, fuel sensors, tire sensors, steering sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, ultrasonic sensors, lighting sensors, pedal position sensors, etc. The autonomous driving unit 140d can implement technologies for maintaining the vehicle's lane, technologies for automatically adjusting speed (e.g., adaptive cruise control), technologies for autonomously driving along a defined path, and technologies for automatically setting a path when a destination is set.

[0455] For example, communication unit 110 can receive map data, traffic information data, etc., from an external server. Autonomous driving unit 140d can generate autonomous driving paths and driving plans from the acquired data. Control unit 120 can control drive unit 140a, enabling the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 to move along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, communication unit 110 can periodically or non-periodically acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server and acquire surrounding traffic information data from neighboring vehicles. During autonomous driving, sensor unit 140c can acquire vehicle status and / or surrounding environment information. Autonomous driving unit 140d can update the autonomous driving path and driving plan based on newly acquired data / information. Communication unit 110 can transmit information about vehicle location, autonomous driving path, and / or driving plan to an external server. The external server can predict traffic information data using AI technology, etc., based on information collected from the vehicle or autonomous vehicle, and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle.

[0456] The claims in this specification can be combined in various ways. For example, technical features in the method claims can be combined to implement or perform in a device, and technical features in the device claims can be combined to implement or perform in a method. Additionally, technical features in one or more method claims and one or more device claims can be combined to implement or perform in a device.

Claims

1. A method for performing wireless communication by a first device, the method comprising: Send the first RS; Send control information related to the second reference signal (RS); as well as Send the second RS, The control information associated with the second RS includes first information indicating whether the second RS is associated with the first RS.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The second RS includes a positioning reference signal (PRS).

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Send the second RS based on the second RS resource, and The control information associated with the second RS includes time-domain related information about the second RS resource.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein, Information related to the second RS resource includes information related to the RS resource identifier (ID).

5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Obtain information related to the sequence ID of the second RS. Wherein, (i) the control information associated with the second RS is transmitted and (ii) the frequency domain of the frequency division multiplexing (FDM) is based on the sequence ID of the second RS.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Based on the first information, it is indicated that the second RS is unrelated to the first RS, and the value related to the first information is sent by being switched.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Based on the first information, it is indicated that the second RS is related to the first RS, and the value related to the first information is sent without being switched.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The first RS is transmitted based on the first channel, and the second RS is transmitted based on the second channel. Wherein, based on the different attributes of the first channel and the second channel, the value related to the first information is sent by being switched.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The first RS is transmitted based on the first channel, and the second RS is transmitted based on the second channel. Wherein, since the attributes of the first channel and the attributes of the second channel are the same, the value related to the first information is sent without being switched.

10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein, The attributes of the first channel include information related to the first synchronization reference, and The attributes of the second channel include information related to the second synchronization reference.

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising: Obtain information related to the resource pool used for RS transmission. The resource pool includes a shared resource pool that can be used for both Physical Side Link Shared Channel (PSSCH) transmission and RS transmission, or a dedicated resource pool that can be used for RS transmission but not for PSSCH transmission.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The second RS is sent based on RS resources. The method further includes receiving downlink control information from the base station via a downlink channel, and The downlink control information includes information related to the RS resource, and is scrambled using different Radio Network Temporary Identifiers (RNTIs) based on whether the RS resource is a periodic resource.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The first RS is sent based on RS resources. The method further includes receiving first downlink control information from the base station via a downlink channel. The first downlink control information includes (i) information related to the RS resources and (ii) zero-padding bits. Wherein, based on (i) a second downlink control information in a different format than the first downlink control information being received and (ii) a first payload size of the first downlink control information being smaller than a second payload size of the second downlink control information, the zero-padding bits include bits to be appended such that the first payload size is equal to the second payload size.

14. A first means adapted to perform wireless communication, the first means comprising: At least one transceiver; At least one processor; as well as At least one memory, connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor to cause the first device to perform an operation, the operation including: Send the first RS; Send control information related to the second reference signal (RS); and Send the second RS, The control information associated with the second RS includes first information indicating whether the second RS is associated with the first RS.

15. A processing apparatus adapted to control a first device, the processing apparatus comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory, connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor to cause the first device to perform an operation, the operation including: Send the first RS; Send control information related to the second reference signal (RS); and Send the second RS, The control information associated with the second RS includes first information indicating whether the second RS is associated with the first RS.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions, said instructions, when executed, cause a first means to perform an operation, said operation comprising: Send the first RS; Send control information related to the second reference signal (RS); as well as Send the second RS, The control information associated with the second RS includes first information indicating whether the second RS is associated with the first RS.

17. A method for performing wireless communication by a second device, the method comprising: Receive the first RS; Receive control information related to the second reference signal (RS); as well as Receive the second RS, The control information associated with the second RS includes first information indicating whether the second RS is associated with the first RS.

18. A second means adapted to perform wireless communication, the second means comprising: At least one transceiver; At least one processor; as well as At least one memory, connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor to cause the second device to perform an operation, the operation including: Receive the first RS; Receive control information related to the second reference signal (RS); and Receive the second RS, The control information associated with the second RS includes first information indicating whether the second RS is associated with the first RS.

19. A processing apparatus adapted to control a second device, the processing apparatus comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory, connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor to cause the second device to perform an operation, the operation including: Receive the first RS; Receive control information related to the second reference signal (RS); and Receive the second RS, The control information associated with the second RS includes first information indicating whether the second RS is associated with the first RS.

20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions, which, when executed, cause a second means to perform an operation, the operation comprising: Receive the first RS; Receive control information related to the second reference signal (RS); as well as Receive the second RS, The control information associated with the second RS includes first information indicating whether the second RS is associated with the first RS.

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