Formula for cultivating agrocybe cylindracea by using camellia seed hulls instead of cottonseed hulls

Abstract

The invention discloses a formula for cultivating agrocybe cylindracea by replacing cotton seed hulls with camellia seed hulls, and relates to the technical field of agrocybe cylindracea substitute cultivation, and the formula comprises camellia seed hulls, weed tree sawdust, wheat bran, corn flour, lime, gypsum, cotton seed hulls, sucrose, monopotassium phosphate and magnesium sulfate. According to the preparation method, rich and low-cost agricultural and forestry waste camellia seed shells in the southeast of Guizhou province are taken as core substitute raw materials, the formula is optimized, and on the basis of greatly reducing dependence on foreign high-valence cottonseed hulls and realizing resource utilization of the camellia seed hulls, a refined preparation process is combined to ensure that the biotransformation rate of agrocybe cylindracea is maintained at a stable level of 80-84%, so that the agrocybe cylindracea is obtained. The invention solves the problems of high raw material cost, local agricultural and forestry waste waste and environmental pollution in the traditional formula, can adapt to different planting scene requirements, gives consideration to economic benefits, ecological benefits and social benefits, and brings better use prospects and commercial values.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of substrate-substrate cultivation technology for tea tree mushrooms, specifically to a formula for cultivating tea tree mushrooms using camellia seed hulls instead of cottonseed hulls. Background Technology

[0002] In the current tea tree mushroom substrate cultivation industry, cottonseed hulls are one of the commonly used core raw materials, especially in tea tree mushroom growing areas such as Qiandongnan Prefecture. Traditional cultivation formulas rely on cottonseed hulls to provide carbon source and structural support. However, Qiandongnan Prefecture lacks large-scale cottonseed hull production capacity and must purchase the required cottonseed hulls from Xinjiang and other regions, with a transportation distance exceeding 3,500 kilometers. Furthermore, Qiandongnan Prefecture, being a region with nine parts mountains, half part water, and half part farmland, has extensive camellia oleifera cultivation, generating over one million tons of camellia oleifera seed hulls annually across its 16 counties and cities. This agricultural and forestry waste is mostly used for incineration for energy or indiscriminately dumped, without proper management. To achieve efficient resource utilization, the existing raw materials are costly and dependent on external supply. A large amount of camellia seed shells are inefficiently used or discarded at will, which not only wastes resources, but also produces odors and occupies land due to natural degradation during the stacking process, or generates pollutants when burned, which has a negative impact on the local ecological environment. The existing tea tree mushroom cultivation formula is not designed for the local resource characteristics of Qiandongnan Prefecture and cannot use local camellia seed shells to replace part of the cottonseed shells. It has neither reduced the dependence on external raw materials nor achieved the resource utilization of waste, which does not meet the needs of regional agricultural sustainable development.

[0003] Therefore, finding an environmentally friendly formula that can reduce raw material costs, utilize local agricultural and forestry waste, and ensure the cultivation effect of tea tree mushrooms has become an urgent need to promote the high-quality development of the tea tree mushroom industry in Qiandongnan Prefecture. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, a formula for cultivating tea tree mushrooms using camellia seed husks instead of cottonseed husks is provided. This technical solution solves the above-mentioned problems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A formula for cultivating tea tree mushrooms using camellia seed hulls instead of cottonseed hulls includes: 25-35 parts camellia seed hulls, 30-36 parts hardwood sawdust, 16-22 parts wheat bran, 3-7 parts corn flour, 0.8-1.2 parts lime, 0.8-1.2 parts gypsum, 8-12 parts cottonseed hulls, 0.3-0.7 parts sucrose, 0.3-0.5 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.08-0.12 parts magnesium sulfate.

[0006] Preferably, the camellia husk is a core raw material used to replace part of the cottonseed husk. It is selected from agricultural and forestry waste generated from camellia planting in Qiandongnan Prefecture. This raw material can replace cottonseed husks that need to be purchased from other places over long distances through development and utilization, thereby reducing the cost of raw material acquisition and transportation dependence.

[0007] Preferably, the sawdust is broad-leaved wood sawdust suitable for the growth of tea tree mushrooms, selected from a combination of poplar, birch, and oak, and does not contain sawdust containing volatile antibacterial substances from pine, fir, or cypress. The wheat bran is fresh, mold-free wheat bran with a protein content of not less than 15%. The corn flour is corn flour with a fineness of 80 mesh or higher to ensure easy release of nutrients.

[0008] Preferably, the lime is agricultural-grade quicklime, with calcium oxide as its main component and a purity of not less than 90%, used to adjust the pH value of the formulation materials; the gypsum is agricultural-grade calcium sulfate with a purity of not less than 95%, used to supplement calcium and stabilize the structure of the formulation materials; the sucrose is food-grade white sugar, used to provide a rapidly absorbed carbon source; the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium sulfate are both agricultural-grade, with purities of not less than 98% and 95% respectively, used to supplement phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium elements, and promote the mycelial growth and fruiting body development of *Agrocybe aegerita*.

[0009] Preferably, the preparation method of the formulation includes: S1. Screening and pre-processing camellia seed shells and other raw materials to remove impurities and ensure the quality of raw materials; S2. Weigh each raw material according to the mass fraction to ensure accurate proportioning and mix the solid raw materials evenly. S3. Dissolve sucrose, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and magnesium sulfate in water to prepare a homogeneous nutrient solution; S4. Add the nutrient solution to the solid mixture and adjust the stirring state so that the moisture content of the material reaches the range suitable for the growth of tea tree mushrooms. S5. Conduct quality testing on the prepared formula materials to ensure that the mixing uniformity and moisture content meet the requirements.

[0010] Preferably, the screening and pretreatment of camellia seed shells and other raw materials to remove impurities and ensure raw material quality specifically includes: The collected camellia seed shells from southeastern Guizhou were screened, and stones, metal fragments, and rotten or deteriorated parts were removed by manual sorting or vibrating screens, while dry and intact camellia seed shells were retained. A hammer mill was used to crush the camellia seed shells. By adjusting the screen mesh size of the mill, the particle size of the crushed camellia seed shells was controlled to be 2-5mm. This avoided the problem of poor air permeability due to excessively fine particles and the impact of nutrient absorption due to excessively coarse particles. The wood chips are screened by removing large impurities such as bark and wood blocks through an 8mm aperture vibrating screen, and broadleaf wood chips are selected, ensuring that they are free of mold and odor. Sensory inspection and screening were carried out on wheat bran and corn flour. Wheat bran was sieved through a 10mm sieve to remove lumps and impurities, and corn flour was sieved through an 80-mesh sieve to remove coarse particles. Both must be free from mold and insect infestation.

[0011] Preferably, the step of weighing each raw material according to the mass fraction to ensure accurate proportioning and uniformly mixing the solid raw materials specifically includes: Use an electronic scale with an accuracy of 0.1g for weighing. Calibrate the electronic scale before weighing to ensure weighing accuracy. First, weigh the raw materials used in larger quantities, including 25-35 parts of camellia husks, 30-36 parts of hardwood sawdust, and 16-22 parts of wheat bran. Then, weigh the raw materials used in medium quantities, including 3-7 parts of corn flour and 8-12 parts of cottonseed hulls. Finally, weigh the raw materials used in smaller quantities, including 0.8-1.2 parts of lime and 0.8-1.2 parts of gypsum, to reduce the accumulation of weighing errors. Place all the weighed solid raw materials into a horizontal mixer, set the stirring speed to 50-80 revolutions per minute, and the stirring time to 5-8 minutes to make the solid raw materials initially mixed evenly. During the mixing process, samples are taken every 2 minutes to test the uniformity of mixing. The color and texture of the materials are observed to ensure that there is no obvious separation of raw materials.

[0012] Preferably, the step of dissolving sucrose, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and magnesium sulfate in water to prepare a homogeneous nutrient solution, and then adding the nutrient solution to the solid mixture and adjusting the stirring state to ensure that the moisture content of the material reaches a suitable range for the growth of *Tea Tree Mushroom*, specifically includes: Add 0.3-0.7 parts sucrose, 0.3-0.5 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.08-0.12 parts magnesium sulfate to room temperature tap water. The amount of water should be 1.2-1.5 times the total mass of the solid raw materials. Stir with a stirrer at a speed of 150-200 rpm for 3-5 minutes until the solute is completely dissolved and there is no precipitate or crystallization. The prepared nutrient solution is slowly added dropwise to the stirred solid mixture through a separatory funnel at a rate of 50-80 mL / min to avoid excessive local moisture content that could cause the material to clump. While adding the nutrient solution, increase the stirring speed of the mixer to 100-120 rpm and continue stirring for 10-15 minutes to fully integrate the nutrient solution with the solid raw materials. During the mixing process, take samples every 3 to 5 minutes to test the moisture content of the material using a moisture meter to ensure that the moisture content is controlled between 60% and 65%. If the moisture content is too low, add an appropriate amount of clean water; if the moisture content is too high, add a small amount of sawdust to adjust it.

[0013] Preferably, the quality testing of the prepared formulation materials to ensure that the mixing uniformity and moisture content meet the requirements; and the sterilization and inoculation of the formulation materials specifically include: For the prepared formulation materials, a five-point sampling method was used to take samples of 50g at each point. The moisture content of each sample was determined, and the average moisture content was calculated to ensure that the average moisture content was between 60% and 65%, and that the difference in moisture content between samples did not exceed ±2%. Simultaneously, the mixing uniformity is tested by measuring the ash content in each sample to ensure that the difference in ash content between samples does not exceed ±5%, thus determining that the mixing is uniform. Pack the qualified formula materials into polypropylene cultivation bags, with each bag containing 1.2 to 1.5 kg. After packing, tie the bag opening tightly and punch 3 to 4 ventilation holes with a diameter of 1 to 1.5 cm on the side of the bag. Place the bagged material into a high-pressure steam sterilizer, close the sterilizer door, open the exhaust valve to expel the cold air, and close the exhaust valve after the cold air has been expelled. Raise the temperature to 121℃, maintain the pressure at 0.11-0.12MPa, and sterilize for 1.5-2 hours. After sterilization, turn off the heat source and allow the temperature to drop naturally to 50-60℃. Then, transfer the bags to a sterile inoculation room. When the temperature of the bags drops to 25-28℃, inoculate the tea tree mushroom spawn using aseptic techniques. The inoculation amount per bag is 5% to 8% of the dry substrate weight.

[0014] Preferably, the method of using the formula includes: A1. Mycelial Culture Stage: Arrange the inoculated bags neatly on the culture rack, control the temperature of the culture room to be 22-25℃, the relative humidity of the air to be 65%-70%, keep the room dark, ventilate 1-2 times a day for 30-60 minutes each time, and culture for 30-35 days until the mycelium has fully grown on the bags. A2. Fruiting Management Stage: After the mycelium has fully colonized the bags, open the bags and move them to the fruiting room. Control the temperature in the fruiting room at 18-22℃ and the relative humidity at 85%-90%. Provide 8-10 hours of diffused light per day and ventilate 2-3 times a day for 40-60 minutes each time to promote the formation and growth of fruiting bodies. A3. Harvesting and replenishment: When the fruiting body of the tea tree mushroom reaches a cap diameter of 2-3cm and a stipe length of 8-12cm, harvest along the base of the stipe. After harvesting, clean the residual mushroom roots on the surface of the bag and add an appropriate amount of water to the bag, 50-80mL per bag. Continue to cultivate according to the fruiting management conditions, and 2-3 flushes of fruiting can be produced. A4. Seasonal Adjustment: Based on the seasonal climate differences in Qiandongnan Prefecture, during the high temperatures of summer, the temperature of the mushroom growing room is controlled below 22℃ by cooling with water curtains and strengthening ventilation; during the low temperatures of winter, the temperature of the mushroom growing room is controlled above 18℃ by heating with radiators or hot air furnaces to ensure a stable growing environment for tea tree mushrooms.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention proposes using camellia seed hulls, an abundant and low-cost agricultural and forestry waste from Qiandongnan Prefecture, as the core alternative raw material. By optimizing the formula, it significantly reduces reliance on high-priced cottonseed hulls from other regions and realizes the resource utilization of camellia seed hulls. Combined with refined preparation technology, it ensures that the bioconversion rate of tea tree mushrooms remains at a stable level of 80% to 84%. This not only solves the problems of high raw material costs, waste of local agricultural and forestry waste, and environmental pollution associated with traditional formulas, but also adapts to the needs of different planting scenarios, taking into account economic, ecological, and social benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the preparation steps of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The following description is intended to disclose the invention and enable those skilled in the art to implement it. The preferred embodiments described below are merely examples, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art.

[0018] A formula for cultivating tea tree mushrooms using camellia seed hulls instead of cottonseed hulls includes: 25-35 parts camellia seed hulls, 30-36 parts hardwood sawdust, 16-22 parts wheat bran, 3-7 parts corn flour, 0.8-1.2 parts lime, 0.8-1.2 parts gypsum, 8-12 parts cottonseed hulls, 0.3-0.7 parts sucrose, 0.3-0.5 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.08-0.12 parts magnesium sulfate.

[0019] The camellia husk is a core raw material used to replace some cottonseed husks. It is selected from agricultural and forestry waste generated from camellia planting in Qiandongnan Prefecture. Through development and utilization, this raw material can replace cottonseed husks that need to be purchased from other places over long distances, reducing the cost of raw material acquisition and transportation dependence.

[0020] The sawdust is made from broad-leaved wood suitable for the growth of tea tree mushrooms, selected from a combination of poplar, birch, and oak, and does not contain sawdust containing volatile antibacterial substances from pine, fir, or cypress. The wheat bran is fresh, mold-free wheat bran with a protein content of not less than 15%. The corn flour is corn flour with a fineness of 80 mesh or higher to ensure easy release of nutrients.

[0021] The lime is agricultural-grade quicklime, with calcium oxide as its main component and a purity of not less than 90%, used to adjust the pH value of the formula materials. The gypsum is agricultural-grade calcium sulfate with a purity of not less than 95%, used to supplement calcium and stabilize the structure of the formula materials. The sucrose is food-grade white sugar, used to provide a rapidly absorbed carbon source. The potassium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium sulfate are both agricultural-grade, with purities of not less than 98% and 95% respectively, used to supplement phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium elements and promote the mycelial growth and fruiting body development of *Agrocybe aegerita*.

[0022] Reference Figure 1As shown, the preparation method of the formula includes: S1. Screening and pre-processing camellia seed shells and other raw materials to remove impurities and ensure the quality of raw materials; S2. Weigh each raw material according to the mass fraction to ensure accurate proportioning and mix the solid raw materials evenly. S3. Dissolve sucrose, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and magnesium sulfate in water to prepare a homogeneous nutrient solution; S4. Add the nutrient solution to the solid mixture and adjust the stirring state so that the moisture content of the material reaches the range suitable for the growth of tea tree mushrooms. S5. Conduct quality testing on the prepared formula materials to ensure that the mixing uniformity and moisture content meet the requirements.

[0023] The screening and pretreatment of camellia seed shells and other raw materials to remove impurities and ensure raw material quality specifically includes: The collected camellia seed shells from southeastern Guizhou were screened, and stones, metal fragments, and rotten or deteriorated parts were removed by manual sorting or vibrating screens, while dry and intact camellia seed shells were retained. A hammer mill was used to crush the camellia seed shells. By adjusting the screen mesh size of the mill, the particle size of the crushed camellia seed shells was controlled to be 2-5mm. This avoided the problem of poor air permeability due to excessively fine particles and the impact of nutrient absorption due to excessively coarse particles. The wood chips are screened by removing large impurities such as bark and wood blocks through an 8mm aperture vibrating screen, and broadleaf wood chips are selected, ensuring that they are free of mold and odor. Sensory inspection and screening were carried out on wheat bran and corn flour. Wheat bran was sieved through a 10mm sieve to remove lumps and impurities, and corn flour was sieved through an 80-mesh sieve to remove coarse particles. Both must be free from mold and insect infestation.

[0024] The step of weighing each raw material according to its mass proportions to ensure accurate proportioning and uniformly mixing the solid raw materials specifically includes: Use an electronic scale with an accuracy of 0.1g for weighing. Calibrate the electronic scale before weighing to ensure weighing accuracy. First, weigh the raw materials used in larger quantities, including 25-35 parts of camellia husks, 30-36 parts of hardwood sawdust, and 16-22 parts of wheat bran. Then, weigh the raw materials used in medium quantities, including 3-7 parts of corn flour and 8-12 parts of cottonseed hulls. Finally, weigh the raw materials used in smaller quantities, including 0.8-1.2 parts of lime and 0.8-1.2 parts of gypsum, to reduce the accumulation of weighing errors. Place all the weighed solid raw materials into a horizontal mixer, set the stirring speed to 50-80 revolutions per minute, and the stirring time to 5-8 minutes to make the solid raw materials initially mixed evenly. During the mixing process, samples are taken every 2 minutes to test the uniformity of mixing. The color and texture of the materials are observed to ensure that there is no obvious separation of raw materials.

[0025] The process of dissolving sucrose, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and magnesium sulfate in water to prepare a homogeneous nutrient solution, and then adding the nutrient solution to the solid mixture and adjusting the stirring state to ensure that the moisture content of the material reaches a suitable range for the growth of *Agrocybe aegerita* (tea tree mushroom), specifically includes: Add 0.3-0.7 parts sucrose, 0.3-0.5 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.08-0.12 parts magnesium sulfate to room temperature tap water. The amount of water should be 1.2-1.5 times the total mass of the solid raw materials. Stir with a stirrer at a speed of 150-200 rpm for 3-5 minutes until the solute is completely dissolved and there is no precipitate or crystallization. The prepared nutrient solution is slowly added dropwise to the stirred solid mixture through a separatory funnel at a rate of 50-80 mL / min to avoid excessive local moisture content that could cause the material to clump. While adding the nutrient solution, increase the stirring speed of the mixer to 100-120 rpm and continue stirring for 10-15 minutes to fully integrate the nutrient solution with the solid raw materials. During the mixing process, take samples every 3 to 5 minutes to test the moisture content of the material using a moisture meter to ensure that the moisture content is controlled between 60% and 65%. If the moisture content is too low, add an appropriate amount of clean water; if the moisture content is too high, add a small amount of sawdust to adjust it.

[0026] The process of quality testing the prepared formulation materials to ensure that the mixing uniformity and moisture content meet the requirements, and the sterilization and inoculation of the formulation materials specifically include: For the prepared formulation materials, a five-point sampling method was used to take samples of 50g at each point. The moisture content of each sample was determined, and the average moisture content was calculated to ensure that the average moisture content was between 60% and 65%, and that the difference in moisture content between samples did not exceed ±2%. Simultaneously, the mixing uniformity is tested by measuring the ash content in each sample to ensure that the difference in ash content between samples does not exceed ±5%, thus determining that the mixing is uniform. Pack the qualified formula materials into polypropylene cultivation bags, with each bag containing 1.2 to 1.5 kg. After packing, tie the bag opening tightly and punch 3 to 4 ventilation holes with a diameter of 1 to 1.5 cm on the side of the bag. Place the bagged material into a high-pressure steam sterilizer, close the sterilizer door, open the exhaust valve to expel the cold air, and close the exhaust valve after the cold air has been expelled. Raise the temperature to 121℃, maintain the pressure at 0.11-0.12MPa, and sterilize for 1.5-2 hours. After sterilization, turn off the heat source and allow the temperature to drop naturally to 50-60℃. Then, transfer the bags to a sterile inoculation room. When the temperature of the bags drops to 25-28℃, inoculate the tea tree mushroom spawn using aseptic techniques. The inoculation amount per bag is 5% to 8% of the dry substrate weight.

[0027] The method of using the formula includes: A1. Mycelial Culture Stage: Arrange the inoculated bags neatly on the culture rack, control the temperature of the culture room to be 22-25℃, the relative humidity of the air to be 65%-70%, keep the room dark, ventilate 1-2 times a day for 30-60 minutes each time, and culture for 30-35 days until the mycelium has fully grown on the bags. A2. Fruiting Management Stage: After the mycelium has fully colonized the bags, open the bags and move them to the fruiting room. Control the temperature in the fruiting room at 18-22℃ and the relative humidity at 85%-90%. Provide 8-10 hours of diffused light per day and ventilate 2-3 times a day for 40-60 minutes each time to promote the formation and growth of fruiting bodies. A3. Harvesting and replenishment: When the fruiting body of the tea tree mushroom reaches a cap diameter of 2-3cm and a stipe length of 8-12cm, harvest along the base of the stipe. After harvesting, clean the residual mushroom roots on the surface of the bag and add an appropriate amount of water to the bag, 50-80mL per bag. Continue to cultivate according to the fruiting management conditions, and 2-3 flushes of fruiting can be produced. A4. Seasonal Adjustment: Based on the seasonal climate differences in Qiandongnan Prefecture, during the high temperatures of summer, the temperature of the mushroom growing room is controlled below 22℃ by cooling with water curtains and strengthening ventilation; during the low temperatures of winter, the temperature of the mushroom growing room is controlled above 18℃ by heating with radiators or hot air furnaces to ensure a stable growing environment for tea tree mushrooms.

[0028] Example 1: A formula and preparation method for cultivating tea tree mushrooms using camellia seed hulls instead of cottonseed hulls, the steps of which are as follows: S1: Prepare the following raw materials in parts by weight: 28 parts camellia husk, 32 parts miscellaneous sawdust, 18 parts wheat bran, 5 parts corn flour, 1.0 part lime, 1.0 part gypsum, 10 parts cottonseed hull, 0.5 parts sucrose, 0.4 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.1 parts magnesium sulfate; S2: After screening the camellia shells to remove impurities, crush them to a particle size of 3mm using a hammer mill. Remove impurities from the hardwood sawdust by passing it through an 8mm vibrating screen. Pass the wheat bran and corn flour through 10mm and 80-mesh screens respectively to ensure that the raw materials are free from mold and odor. S3: Weigh all solid raw materials (camellia shells, miscellaneous sawdust, wheat bran, corn flour, lime, gypsum, cottonseed hulls) according to the specified proportions, put them into a horizontal mixer, and stir at 60 rpm for 6 minutes to initially mix them evenly; S4: Dissolve sucrose, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and magnesium sulfate in room temperature water (the amount of water is 1.3 times the total mass of the solid raw materials), stir for 4 minutes until completely dissolved, and prepare a nutrient solution; S5: Add the nutrient solution dropwise to the solid mixture through a separatory funnel at a rate of 60 mL / min, while simultaneously increasing the mixer speed to 110 rpm and stirring for 12 minutes. The moisture content of the material is then measured to be 62%, thus completing the formulation preparation. S6: Pack the material into polypropylene bags (1.3kg per bag), punch three 1.2cm ventilation holes, sterilize at 121℃ and 0.11MPa for 1.8 hours, cool down to 26℃ and inoculate with tea tree mushroom spawn (6% inoculation amount), and cultivate mushrooms according to conventional methods.

[0029] Example 2: A formula and preparation method for cultivating tea tree mushrooms using camellia seed hulls instead of cottonseed hulls, the steps of which are as follows: S1: Prepare the following raw materials in parts by weight: 32 parts camellia husk, 34 parts miscellaneous sawdust, 20 parts wheat bran, 4 parts corn flour, 0.9 parts lime, 0.9 parts gypsum, 11 parts cottonseed hull, 0.6 parts sucrose, 0.3 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.1 parts magnesium sulfate; S2: After screening, the camellia shells are crushed to a particle size of 4mm, the hardwood chips are sieved through an 8mm sieve, and the wheat bran and corn flour are sieved through 10mm and 80-mesh sieves respectively to ensure the purity of the raw materials; S3: Weigh the solid raw materials and put them into a horizontal mixer. Stir at 70 rpm for 5 minutes to initially mix them. S4: Dissolve sucrose, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and magnesium sulfate in room temperature water (the amount of water is 1.4 times the total mass of the solid raw materials), stir for 3 minutes until dissolved, and prepare a nutrient solution; S5: Add the nutrient solution to the solid mixture at a rate of 70 mL / min, adjust the mixer speed to 115 rpm, stir for 13 minutes, and check that the moisture content of the material is 64%, thus completing the preparation. S6: Pack the material into bags (1.4kg per bag), punch four 1.3cm ventilation holes, sterilize at 121℃ and 0.12MPa for 1.6 hours, cool to 27℃ for inoculation (7% inoculation amount), and cultivate mushrooms according to conventional methods.

[0030] Example 3: A formula and preparation method for cultivating tea tree mushrooms using camellia seed hulls instead of cottonseed hulls, the steps of which are as follows: S1: Prepare the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts camellia husk, 30 parts miscellaneous sawdust, 16 parts wheat bran, 6 parts corn flour, 1.1 parts lime, 1.1 parts gypsum, 9 parts cottonseed hull, 0.4 parts sucrose, 0.5 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.09 parts magnesium sulfate. S2: After screening, the camellia shells are crushed to a particle size of 2mm, the hardwood chips are sieved through an 8mm sieve, and the wheat bran and corn flour are sieved through 10mm and 80 mesh sieves, respectively, to remove impurities; S3: Weigh the solid raw materials and put them into a horizontal mixer. Stir at 55 rpm for 7 minutes to initially mix them. S4: Dissolve sucrose, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and magnesium sulfate in room temperature water (the amount of water is 1.2 times the total mass of the solid raw materials), stir for 5 minutes until dissolved, and prepare a nutrient solution; S5: Add the nutrient solution to the solid mixture at a rate of 55 mL / min, adjust the mixer speed to 105 rpm, stir for 14 minutes, and check that the moisture content of the material is 61%, thus completing the preparation. S6: Pack the material into bags (1.2kg per bag), punch three 1.1cm ventilation holes, sterilize at 121℃ and 0.11MPa for 2 hours, cool to 25℃ and inoculate (5% inoculation amount), and cultivate mushrooms according to conventional methods.

[0031] Comparative Example 1: The traditional tea tree mushroom cultivation formula from southeastern Guizhou (without oil-free tea seed husks) is used, and the preparation method is as follows: S1: Prepare the following raw materials in parts by weight: 38 parts hardwood sawdust, 19 parts wheat bran, 5 parts corn flour, 1.0 part lime, 1.0 part gypsum, 35 parts cottonseed hulls, 0.5 parts sucrose, 0.4 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.1 parts magnesium sulfate; S2: Raw materials undergo only simple screening (without fine grinding or sieving control), are weighed and directly mixed, and tap water is added until the moisture content reaches 63%; S3: Sterilize the materials in bags (under the same conditions as in Example 1), and then cultivate mushrooms according to routine methods after inoculation; This formula relies on purchasing cottonseed hulls from other regions (costing 2.2 yuan / kg) and does not utilize local camellia seed hulls. The preparation process lacks refined control, and the actual cultivation effect is significantly different from that of Examples 1, 2, and 3.

[0032] The table below compares the cultivation performance of different embodiments and comparative formulations: ; In summary, the advantages of this invention are as follows: Significantly reduced raw material costs: This formula uses local camellia seed hulls from Qiandongnan Prefecture to replace part of the cottonseed hulls from other regions. The cost of camellia seed hulls after crushing is only 0.4 yuan / kg, which is far lower than the cost of cottonseed hulls from other regions of 2.2 yuan / kg. At the same time, the amount of cottonseed hulls used per cultivation bag is reduced from 32-38 parts in the traditional formula to 8-12 parts, a reduction of more than 60%, which greatly reduces the total raw material cost of tea tree mushroom cultivation and increases the profit margin of growers. Realizing the resource utilization of agricultural and forestry waste: Incorporating more than one million tons of camellia seed shells generated annually in Qiandongnan Prefecture into the raw material system for tea tree mushroom cultivation, turning waste into treasure, solving the problem of resource waste caused by burning and piling of camellia seed shells, improving the utilization efficiency of regional agricultural waste, and forming a circular agricultural model of "camellia planting - camellia seed shells - tea tree mushroom cultivation"; Significant ecological benefits: It reduces land occupation and natural degradation pollution caused by random dumping of camellia seed shells, and reduces carbon emissions during long-distance transportation of cottonseed shells; at the same time, the ingredients in the formula, such as broadleaf tree wood chips and wheat bran, are all selected from high-quality and environmentally friendly varieties, and there are no raw materials containing antibacterial substances such as pine, fir, and cypress, so as to avoid negative impacts on the soil and the growth environment of tea tree mushrooms, which meets the requirements of green agricultural development. Enhancing social benefits: The collection, crushing, and transportation of camellia seed shells require a large amount of manual labor, which can provide employment opportunities for local farmers in Qiandongnan Prefecture, especially helping to find employment for surplus rural labor. At the same time, the low-cost and highly stable cultivation formula can promote the expansion of local tea tree mushroom cultivation and promote the development of regional characteristic agricultural industries. Ensuring stable cultivation results: Compared with traditional formulas, this formula significantly reduces the amount of cottonseed hulls used and introduces camellia seed hulls. Through precise raw material ratios (such as 30-36 parts of hardwood sawdust and 16-22 parts of wheat bran) and pretreatment processes, it ensures sufficient carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients required for the growth of tea tree mushrooms. Its bioconversion rate can be maintained at 78%-85%, compared with the 75%-83% bioconversion rate of traditional formulas, achieving stable yield with a slight increase, thus ensuring the production income of growers.

[0033] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of protection claimed by the appended claims and their equivalents is defined.

Claims

1. A formula for cultivating Agrocybe aegirit using oil tea seed shell instead of cotton seed shell, characterized in that, The formula comprises, in mass parts: 25-35 parts of oil tea seed shell, 30-36 parts of mixed wood chips, 16-22 parts of wheat bran, 3-7 parts of corn flour, 0.8-1.2 parts of lime, 0.8-1.2 parts of gypsum, 8-12 parts of cotton seed hulls, 0.3-0.7 parts of sucrose, 0.3-0.5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.08-0.12 parts of magnesium sulfate.

2. The formula for cultivating tea tree mushrooms using camellia seed hulls instead of cottonseed hulls according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil tea seed shell is a core raw material for replacing part of the cotton seed hulls.

3. The formula for cultivating tea tree mushrooms using camellia seed hulls instead of cottonseed hulls according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mixed wood chips are broad-leaf tree wood chips suitable for the growth of the tea tree mushroom and are selected from one or a combination of two of poplar, birch and beech, and do not contain pine, fir and cypress wood chips containing volatile bacteriostatic substances; the wheat bran is fresh and non-moldy wheat bran with a protein content of not less than 15%; and the corn flour is corn grinding powder with a fineness of more than 80 meshes, ensuring easy release of nutritional ingredients.

4. The formula for cultivating Agrocybe aegirit according to claim 3, wherein the cotton seed hulls are replaced by oil tea seed hulls. The lime is agricultural-grade quicklime, mainly containing calcium oxide with a purity of not less than 90%, and is used for adjusting the pH value of the formula material; the gypsum is agricultural-grade calcium sulfate with a purity of not less than 95%, and is used for supplementing calcium elements and stabilizing the structure of the formula material; the sucrose is food-grade white granulated sugar, and is used for providing a carbon source for rapid absorption; and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium sulfate are both agricultural-grade, with purities of not less than 98% and 95% respectively, and are used for supplementing phosphorus, potassium and magnesium elements, promoting the growth of mycelium and the development of fruiting bodies of the tea tree mushroom.

5. The formula for cultivating Agrocybe aegirit according to claim 4, wherein the cotton seed hulls are replaced by oil tea seed hulls. The preparation method of the formula comprises the following steps: S1: screening and pretreating the oil tea seed shell and other raw materials to remove impurities and ensure the quality of the raw materials; S2: taking each raw material according to mass parts to ensure accurate proportioning and uniformly mixing the solid raw materials; S3: dissolving the sucrose, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium sulfate in water to prepare a uniform nutrient solution; S4: adding the nutrient solution to the solid mixture, adjusting the stirring state and making the water content of the material reach a range suitable for the growth of the tea tree mushroom; S5: performing quality detection on the prepared formula material to ensure that the uniformity and water content meet the requirements.

6. The formula for cultivating Agrocybe aegirit according to claim 5, wherein the cotton seed hulls are replaced by oil tea seed hulls. The screening and pretreatment of the oil tea seed shell and other raw materials to remove impurities and ensure the quality of the raw materials specifically comprises the following steps: screening the collected oil tea seed shells in QianDongNan state, removing stones, metal scraps, rotten and deteriorated parts by manual selection or a vibrating screen, and retaining dry and complete oil tea seed shells; using a hammer crusher to crush the oil tea seed shells, controlling the particle size of the crushed oil tea seed shells to be 2-5 mm by adjusting the screen mesh size of the crusher, and avoiding poor aeration caused by too fine particle size and affecting nutrient absorption caused by too coarse particle size; screening the mixed wood chips, removing large impurities such as bark and wood blocks by an 8-mm-aperture vibrating screen, and selecting broad-leaf tree wood chips and ensuring that they are non-moldy and odorless; performing sensory inspection and screening on the wheat bran and corn flour, removing lumps and impurities from the wheat bran by a 10-mm-aperture screen, removing coarse particles from the corn flour by an 80-mesh screen, and ensuring that both of them are non-moldy and non-insect-infested.

7. The formula for cultivating Agrocybe aegirit according to claim 6, wherein the cotton seed hulls are replaced by oil tea seed hulls. The taking each raw material according to mass parts to ensure accurate proportioning and uniformly mixing the solid raw materials specifically comprises the following steps: using an electronic scale with an accuracy of 0.1 g to weigh, and calibrating the electronic scale before weighing to ensure the accuracy of the weighing. The larger amount of raw materials are weighed first, including 25-35 parts of oil tea shell, 30-36 parts of mixed wood chips and 16-22 parts of wheat bran, then the medium amount of raw materials are weighed, including 3-7 parts of corn flour and 8-12 parts of cotton seed hull, and finally the smaller amount of raw materials are weighed, including 0.8-1.2 parts of lime and 0.8-1.2 parts of gypsum, so as to reduce the cumulative error of weighing; All the weighed solid raw materials are put into a horizontal mixer, the stirring speed is set to 50-80 revolutions per minute, and the stirring time is 5-8 minutes, so that the solid raw materials are preliminarily mixed uniformly; During the mixing process, the mixing uniformity is detected every 2 minutes, and no obvious material stratification is ensured by observing the consistency of the material color and texture.

8. The formula for cultivating Agrocybe aegirit according to claim 7, wherein the cotton seed hulls are replaced by oil tea seed hulls. The sucrose, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium sulfate are dissolved in water to prepare a uniform nutrient solution; the nutrient solution is added to the solid mixture, and the stirring state is adjusted to make the moisture content of the material reach a range suitable for the growth of Agrocybe aegerita, which specifically includes: The sucrose, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium sulfate are dissolved in water to prepare a uniform nutrient solution; the nutrient solution is added to the solid mixture, and the stirring state is adjusted to make the moisture content of the material reach a range suitable for the growth of Agrocybe aegerita, which specifically includes: The prepared nutrient solution is slowly added to the solid mixture being stirred through a separatory funnel, and the dropping speed is controlled at 50-80 mL / min to avoid local excessive moisture leading to material caking; At the same time of adding the nutrient solution, the stirring speed of the mixer is increased to 100-120 revolutions per minute, and the stirring is continued for 10-15 minutes to make the nutrient solution fully mix with the solid raw materials; During the stirring process, the moisture content of the material is detected every 3-5 minutes, and the moisture content is controlled at 60%-65% by using a moisture tester; if the moisture content is too low, appropriate amount of water is added; if the moisture content is too high, a small amount of mixed wood chips is added for adjustment.

9. The formula for cultivating Agrocybe aegirit according to claim 8, wherein the cotton seed hulls are replaced by oil tea seed hulls. The prepared formula material is subjected to quality detection to ensure that the mixing uniformity and moisture content meet the requirements, which specifically includes: The prepared formula material is subjected to quality detection to ensure that the mixing uniformity and moisture content meet the requirements, which specifically includes: The formula material meeting the quality requirements is packed into polypropylene cultivation fungus bags, and the packing amount of each bag is 1.2-1.5 kg; after packing, the bag opening is tightly tied, and 3-4 air vents with a diameter of 1-1.5 cm are punched on the side of the bag; The packed material is placed in a high-pressure steam sterilization pot, the pot door is closed, the exhaust valve is opened to exhaust the cold air, the exhaust valve is closed after the cold air is exhausted, the temperature is raised to 121℃, the pressure is maintained at 0.11-0.12 MPa, and sterilization is carried out for 1.5-2 hours; ​ After sterilization, turn off the heat source and naturally cool to 50-60℃, then transfer the bag to a sterile inoculation room. When the temperature of the bag drops to 25-28℃, inoculate the bag with tea tree mushroom spores using sterile operation. The inoculation amount is 5%-8% of the dry material weight.

10. The formula for cultivating Agrocybe aegirit according to claim 9, wherein the cotton seed hulls are replaced by oil tea seed hulls. The method for using the formulation includes: A1, mycelium culture stage: After inoculation, place the bags on the culture shelf. Control the temperature at 22-25℃ and the relative humidity at 65%-70%. Keep the room dark and ventilate 1-2 times a day for 30-60 minutes each time. Culture for 30-35 days until the mycelium covers the bag. A2, mushroom management stage: After the mycelium covers the bag, open the bag and move it to the mushroom house. Control the temperature at 18-22℃ and the relative humidity at 85%-90%. Provide 8-10 hours of scattered light each day. Ventilate 2-3 times a day for 40-60 minutes each time to promote the formation and growth of the fruiting body. A3, harvesting and replenishment: When the cap diameter of the tea tree mushroom reaches 2-3cm and the stem length reaches 8-12cm, harvest along the base of the stem. Clean the surface of the bag after harvesting. Replenish the bag with an appropriate amount of water, 50-80mL per bag. Continue to culture under the mushroom management conditions to produce 2-3 flushes of mushrooms. A4, seasonal adjustment: According to the seasonal climate differences in Qianzhensou, control the temperature in the mushroom house below 22℃ during the summer by using a water curtain and increasing ventilation. Control the temperature in the mushroom house above 18℃ during the winter by using a heater or hot air furnace to ensure a stable growth environment for the tea tree mushroom.

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