Special leather fabric for model decoration and preparation method thereof
The leather fabric prepared by mixing water-based polyurethane and other components solves the problems of leather material extensibility and adhesive residue in car model decoration, and realizes a highly realistic and operable leather fabric suitable for car interior model decoration.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-22
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-17
AI Technical Summary
In the current technology for decorating car models, commercially available leather materials cannot effectively reproduce the delicate texture and soft touch of real leather. Furthermore, their extensibility is limited on complex curved surfaces with high curvature, leading to problems such as wrinkles, hollow areas, and adhesive residue, which affect the simulation and operability.
A fabric layer emulsion was prepared by mixing waterborne polyurethane, waterborne acrylic emulsion, kaolin and other components, and a backing layer emulsion was prepared by mixing it with waterborne terpene tackifying emulsion. The emulsion was then applied in multiple layers to a silicone mold and cured to produce a special leather fabric for model decoration.
It achieves highly realistic leather surface texture and feel, adapts to large curvature surfaces, avoids wrinkles and hollow areas, simplifies the model covering process, reduces damage and cleaning workload, and improves the accuracy and efficiency of design verification.
Smart Images
Figure CN121670893A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of leather material preparation technology, and in particular to a special leather fabric for model decoration and its preparation method. Background Technology
[0002] In the automotive styling development process, the model serves as the core carrier for design verification, and the degree of simulation of its surface decoration directly affects the efficiency and accuracy of identifying design defects. Insufficient simulation will make it difficult to expose potential problems, increasing the cost of later modifications. Currently, interior model decoration commonly uses painting, but this method has significant limitations: painted surfaces cannot reproduce the delicate texture and soft touch of real leather, and the paint film is not reversible after curing. Repeated decoration requires forcibly peeling off the old paint layer, which easily scratches the model substrate, causing irreparable damage and significantly increasing rework workload and time costs. To improve simulation, some solutions have attempted to use leather wrapping technology to replace painting; however, commercially available regular leather has revealed multiple unsuitability issues when applied to clay model decoration. Specifically, ordinary leather typically has a non-stretchable fabric backing. When covering the complex, high-curvature surfaces of car models, the material's elasticity is limited, leading to noticeable wrinkles, bulges, or localized peeling during the wrapping process, severely impacting the fit accuracy and aesthetic consistency. Furthermore, existing leather lacks an internal adhesive structure, requiring additional adhesive to be sprayed onto the back during decoration. When the model is modified or the fabric is replaced, residual adhesive is difficult to remove completely, adhering extensively to the model surface and significantly hindering subsequent adjustments and reuse. In addition, commercially available leather is generally thicker than 0.8 mm, far exceeding the ideal range of 0.4 to 0.7 mm required for model decoration. Excessively thick material blurs seam details, weakens the expressiveness of rounded corners, distorts design evaluations, and fails to accurately reflect the actual assembly effect. These shortcomings collectively restrict the efficiency and quality of model decoration, making it difficult for existing technology to meet the urgent need for highly realistic and repeatable decoration solutions in automotive styling development.
[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, existing technologies urgently need improvement. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a special leather fabric for model decoration and its preparation method to solve the above-mentioned problems.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: This application provides a method for preparing a special leather fabric for model decoration, including: A first mixed slurry is obtained by mixing waterborne polyurethane, waterborne acrylic emulsion, kaolin, plasticizer, and wetting and dispersing agent. The first mixed slurry is then mixed with waterborne color paste to obtain a fabric layer emulsion. The fabric layer emulsion is mixed with an aqueous terpene tackifying emulsion to obtain the backing layer emulsion; A silicone mold is obtained by casting a two-component silicone onto a master mold; the fabric layer emulsion and the adhesive backing layer emulsion are sprayed onto the silicone mold in multiple layers; after curing, the special leather fabric for model decoration is obtained.
[0006] Optionally, the mass ratio of the waterborne polyurethane, the waterborne acrylic emulsion, the kaolin, the plasticizer, and the wetting and dispersing agent in the first mixed slurry is 1:1:(0.05-0.15):(0.03-0.1):(0.001-0.01).
[0007] Optionally, the amount of water-based pigment added is no more than 8% of the mass of the first mixed slurry.
[0008] Optionally, the volume ratio of the fabric layer emulsion to the aqueous terpene thickening emulsion is 1:(1.4-1.6).
[0009] Optionally, the two-component silicone includes a first silicone and a second silicone.
[0010] The first silicone and the second silicone each independently comprise room temperature vulcanizing addition-curing silicone; The hardness of the two-component silicone is 20-50A; its preparation method includes: adding platinum water with a concentration of 1500-2500ppm to the first silicone, wherein the amount of platinum water added is 5-7g per 1kg of the first silicone; and mixing it with the second silicone.
[0011] Optionally, the waterborne polyurethane has a solid content of 30-45% and a viscosity of 200-500 mPa·s.
[0012] Optionally, the aqueous acrylic emulsion has a solid content of 30-55% and a pH value of 5-7.
[0013] Optionally, the kaolin includes calcined 4000 mesh kaolin.
[0014] Optionally, the plasticizer includes a polyether-based waterborne plasticizer.
[0015] Optionally, the wetting and dispersing agent includes a nonionic aqueous wetting and dispersing agent.
[0016] Optionally, the aqueous terpene thickening emulsion has a solid content of 55-60% and a viscosity of 1000-1500 mPa·s.
[0017] Optionally, the master mold is an ABS plastic sheet with a target texture on its surface.
[0018] Optionally, the spraying is performed using a spray gun with a nozzle diameter of 0.8-1.3 mm, and the spray gun is perpendicular to the mold surface and at a distance of 20-30 cm during spraying.
[0019] Optionally, the number of layers in the multi-layer spraying is 9, wherein: The first to third layers are sprayed with the fabric emulsion to form the basic dark texture layer; The fabric layer emulsion is sprayed in layers 4-7 to form the material thickness reinforcement layer; The 8th and 9th layers are sprayed with the backing emulsion to form the backing layer; The direction of each spraying layer is staggered with the previous layer, and the interval between spraying layers is 10-15 minutes.
[0020] Optionally, the curing process includes: allowing the coated leather to stand at 20-35°C for 24 hours.
[0021] This application also provides a special leather fabric for model decoration, which is prepared by the aforementioned preparation method.
[0022] Optionally, the thickness of the leather fabric used for model decoration is 0.4-0.7mm, and one side is provided with adhesive backing.
[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application include: This application provides a method for preparing a leather fabric specifically for model decoration. A fabric layer emulsion is prepared by mixing components such as waterborne polyurethane and waterborne acrylic emulsion, and then mixing this with a waterborne terpene tackifying emulsion to prepare a backing layer emulsion. This backing layer emulsion is then prepared by multi-layer spraying and curing on a silicone mold to produce a leather fabric specifically for model decoration. This leather exhibits a high degree of consistency with real vehicle parts in terms of texture, feel, and color, providing designers and decision-makers with a highly faithful physical verification sample. This allows design defects (such as color mismatch, poor texture and lighting effects, and the tactile feel of the leather) to be detected and corrected earlier and more accurately during the model-making stage, fundamentally improving the design quality and maturity of the final product. Furthermore, the leather uses an integrated backing layer, and the removal of the leather does not damage the model and does not affect the progress of secondary model modifications. This significantly shortens the decoration and modification cycle of a single model. It results in a qualitative leap in the overall efficiency of the styling verification process, thereby powerfully accelerating the vehicle development process and enabling new models to enter the next R&D stage more quickly. This fabric possesses excellent flexibility and extensibility, enabling it to adapt to the large curvature surfaces of the model without wrinkles or air pockets. Furthermore, its self-adhesive backing simplifies the model covering process and facilitates easy removal, reducing model damage and cleaning workload. In addition, this fabrication method allows for precise control of the fabric thickness, meeting ideal technical specifications for model covering, thereby enhancing the realism and operability of automotive interior model simulations. Attached Figure Description
[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope of this application.
[0025] Figure 1 This is a photograph of the actual leather fabric used for model decoration prepared in Example 2. Detailed Implementation
[0026] As used in this article: "Prepared from" is synonymous with "comprising". The terms "comprising", "including", "having", "containing", or any other variations thereof as used herein are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, step, method, article, or apparatus that includes the listed elements is not necessarily limited to those elements, but may include other elements not expressly listed or elements inherent to such composition, step, method, article, or apparatus.
[0027] The conjunction "composed of..." excludes any unspecified elements, steps, or components. If used in a claim, this phrase makes the claim closed, excluding materials other than those described, except for associated conventional impurities. When the phrase "composed of..." appears in a clause of the body of a claim rather than immediately following it, it limits only the elements described in that clause; other elements are not excluded from the claim as a whole.
[0028] When a quantity, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, a preferred range, or a range defined by a series of upper and lower preferred values, this should be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed by any pair of any upper or preferred value with any lower or preferred value, regardless of whether the range is disclosed individually. For example, when the range “1–5” is disclosed, the described range should be interpreted as including ranges “1–4”, “1–3”, “1–2”, “1–2 and 4–5”, “1–3 and 5”, etc. When numerical ranges are described herein, unless otherwise stated, the range is intended to include its endpoints and all integers and fractions within that range.
[0029] In these embodiments, unless otherwise specified, the portions and percentages are all by weight.
[0030] "Parts by mass" refers to the basic unit of measurement that expresses the mass ratio of multiple components. One part can represent any unit mass, such as 1g or 2.689g. If we say that component A has "a" parts by mass and component B has "b" parts by mass, it means the ratio of the mass of component A to the mass of component B is a:b. Alternatively, it can mean that the mass of component A is aK and the mass of component B is bK (where K is any number representing a multiplier). It is important to understand that, unlike parts by mass, the sum of the mass parts of all components is not limited to 100 parts.
[0031] "And / or" is used to indicate that one or both of the described situations may occur, for example, A and / or B includes (A and B) and (A or B).
[0032] To better explain the technical solution provided in this application, the technical solution provided in this application will be described in general before the specific implementation.
[0033] This application provides a method for preparing a special leather fabric for model decoration, including: A first mixed slurry is obtained by mixing waterborne polyurethane, waterborne acrylic emulsion, kaolin, plasticizer, and wetting and dispersing agent. The first mixed slurry is then mixed with waterborne color paste to obtain a fabric layer emulsion. The fabric layer emulsion is mixed with an aqueous terpene tackifying emulsion to obtain the backing layer emulsion; A silicone mold is obtained by casting a two-component silicone onto a master mold; the fabric layer emulsion and the adhesive backing layer emulsion are sprayed onto the silicone mold in multiple layers; after curing, the special leather fabric for model decoration is obtained.
[0034] It is understood that this application provides a method for preparing a leather fabric specifically for model decoration. A fabric layer emulsion is prepared by mixing components such as waterborne polyurethane and waterborne acrylic emulsion, and then mixing this with a waterborne terpene tackifying emulsion to prepare a backing layer emulsion. This backing layer emulsion is then prepared by multi-layer spraying and curing on a silicone mold, resulting in a leather fabric specifically for model decoration. This fabric possesses good flexibility and extensibility, enabling it to adapt to the large curvature surfaces of the model and avoiding wrinkles and air pockets. Simultaneously, its self-adhesive backing simplifies the model covering process and facilitates easy removal, reducing model damage and cleaning workload. Furthermore, this preparation method allows for precise control of the fabric thickness, meeting ideal technical specifications for model covering, thereby enhancing the realism and operability of automotive interior model simulation.
[0035] In an optional embodiment, the mass ratio of the aqueous polyurethane, the aqueous acrylic emulsion, the kaolin, the plasticizer, and the wetting and dispersing agent in the first mixed slurry is 1:1:(0.05-0.15):(0.03-0.1):(0.001-0.01).
[0036] This mass ratio aims to precisely balance the functions of each component. Waterborne polyurethane and waterborne acrylic emulsions, as the main film-forming agents, jointly determine the fabric's flexibility, abrasion resistance, and adhesion. Kaolin, as a filler, effectively improves the fabric's hiding power and stiffness while reducing costs. Plasticizers impart the necessary softness and extensibility to the fabric, preventing cracking due to stress concentration during use. Wetting and dispersing agents ensure uniform dispersion of all components in the aqueous system, preventing agglomeration and thus guaranteeing the stability of the slurry and the uniformity of spraying. By precisely controlling the relative content of these components, the rheological properties of the slurry can be optimized, ensuring that the final fabric's physicochemical properties meet design requirements.
[0037] Optionally, the mass ratio of waterborne polyurethane, waterborne acrylic emulsion, kaolin, plasticizer, and the wetting and dispersing agent in the first mixed slurry can be any ratio between 1:1:0.05:0.03:0.001, 1:1:0.1:0.06:0.05, 1:1:0.15:0.1:0.01, or 1:1:(0.05-0.15):(0.03-0.1):(0.001-0.01).
[0038] In an optional embodiment, the amount of water-based pigment added is no more than 8% of the mass of the first mixed slurry.
[0039] Optionally, the amount of water-based pigment added can be 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8% of the mass of the first mixed slurry, or any value not exceeding 8%.
[0040] In one optional embodiment, the volume ratio of the fabric layer emulsion to the aqueous terpene thickening emulsion is 1:(1.4-1.6).
[0041] The fabric emulsion in the backing layer provides structural support and ensures good adhesion to the fabric layer, while the water-based terpene tackifying emulsion primarily provides adhesiveness, ensuring the leather fabric can firmly adhere to the model decoration surface. Precisely controlling the volume ratio of these two components optimizes the adhesive strength, flexibility, and peel strength of the backing layer, preventing insufficient adhesion leading to detachment or excessive adhesion causing application difficulties, thus guaranteeing the reliability of the leather fabric in model decoration applications.
[0042] Optionally, the volume ratio of the fabric layer emulsion to the aqueous terpene thickening emulsion can be 1:1.4, 1:1.45, 1:1.5, 1:1.55, 1:1.6, or any ratio between 1:1.4 and 6.
[0043] In one optional embodiment, the two-component silicone comprises a first silicone and a second silicone.
[0044] The first silicone and the second silicone each independently include room temperature vulcanizing addition-curing silicone; The hardness of the two-component silicone is 20-50A; its preparation method includes: adding platinum water with a concentration of 1500-2500ppm to the first silicone, wherein the amount of platinum water added is 5-7g per 1kg of the first silicone; and mixing it with the second silicone.
[0045] Two-component silicone is used for making silicone molds, and its performance directly affects the mold's precision, flexibility, and lifespan. Controlling the hardness of the two-component silicone between 20-50A ensures that the silicone mold has sufficient support while maintaining good flexibility, facilitating demolding and reducing damage. The mixing of the first and second silicone components is a crucial step in the curing process. During this process, the concentration and amount of platinum solution are precisely controlled, effectively regulating the curing speed and degree of curing, ensuring the precise replication of the mold's surface texture and its stability. This precise ratio and catalyst control contribute to obtaining high-precision, highly durable silicone molds, thereby guaranteeing the texture details and dimensional accuracy of the final leather fabric.
[0046] Optionally, the concentration of platinum solution added to the first silica gel can be 1500ppm, 1600ppm, 1700ppm, 1800ppm, 1900ppm, 2000ppm, 2100ppm, 2200ppm, 2300ppm, 2400ppm, 2500ppm, or any value between 1500 and 2500 ppm; the amount of platinum solution added can be 5g per 1kg of the first silica gel, 6g per 1kg of the first silica gel, 7g per 1kg of the first silica gel, or any value between 5 and 7g per 1kg of the first silica gel.
[0047] In one optional embodiment, the waterborne polyurethane has a solid content of 30-45% and a viscosity of 200-500 mPa·s.
[0048] Optionally, the solid content of the waterborne polyurethane can be 30%, 33%, 35%, 37%, 39%, 41%, 43%, 45%, or any value between 30% and 45%; the viscosity can be 200 mPa·s, 300 mPa·s, 400 mPa·s, 500 mPa·s, or any value between 200% and 500 mPa·s.
[0049] In one optional embodiment, the aqueous acrylic emulsion has a solids content of 30-55% and a pH value of 5-7.
[0050] Optionally, the solid content of the emulsion can be 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, or any value between 30% and 50%; the pH value of the water-based acrylic emulsion can be 5, 6, 7, or any value between 5 and 7.
[0051] In one alternative embodiment, the kaolin comprises calcined 4000 mesh kaolin.
[0052] In one alternative embodiment, the plasticizer comprises a polyether-based waterborne plasticizer.
[0053] In one alternative embodiment, the wetting and dispersing agent comprises a nonionic aqueous wetting and dispersing agent.
[0054] In one optional embodiment, the aqueous terpene thickening emulsion has a solid content of 55-60% and a viscosity of 1000-1500 mPa·s.
[0055] Optionally, the solid content of the aqueous terpene thickening emulsion can be 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, or any value between 55% and 60%; the viscosity of the aqueous terpene thickening emulsion can be 1000 mPa·s, 1050 mPa·s, 1100 mPa·s, 1150 mPa·s, 1200 mPa·s, 1250 mPa·s, 1300-1350 mPa·s, 1400 mPa·s, 1450 mPa·s, 1500 mPa·s, or any value between 1000 and 1500 mPa·s.
[0056] In an optional implementation, the master mold is an ABS plastic sheet with a target texture on its surface.
[0057] In one optional embodiment, the spraying is performed using a spray gun with a nozzle diameter of 0.8-1.3 mm, and the distance between the spray gun and the mold surface is 20-30 cm during spraying.
[0058] Optionally, the nozzle diameter of the spray gun used for spraying can be 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.3 mm, or any value between 0.8 and 1.3 mm; the distance between the spray gun and the mold surface during spraying can be 20 cm, 21 cm, 22 cm, 23 cm, 24 cm, 25 cm, 26 cm, 27 cm, 28 cm, 29 cm, 30 cm, or any value between 20 and 30 cm.
[0059] In one optional embodiment, the number of layers in the multi-layer spraying is 9, wherein: The first to third layers are sprayed with the fabric emulsion to form the basic dark texture layer; The fabric layer emulsion is sprayed in layers 4-7 to form the material thickness reinforcement layer; The 8th and 9th layers are sprayed with the backing emulsion to form the backing layer; The direction of each spraying layer is staggered with the previous layer, and the interval between spraying layers is 10-15 minutes.
[0060] The above technical solution refines the multi-layer spraying process into nine layers, clearly defining the function and emulsion type of each layer. The first three layers form a basic texture layer to ensure clarity; the middle four layers form a thickness-enhancing layer to improve overall thickness and structural strength; and the last two layers form an adhesive backing layer to provide reliable adhesion. Simultaneously, by alternating the spraying direction of each layer with the previous one and setting a 10-15 minute spraying interval, the problems of thickness differences, blurred textures, and insufficient interlayer bonding caused by uneven spraying are effectively solved. This refined layered spraying strategy not only ensures the uniformity of thickness and the precise reproduction of texture in the model decoration leather fabric but also significantly enhances its structural strength and the adhesion performance of the adhesive backing layer, thereby producing a leather fabric with stable quality and excellent performance.
[0061] Optionally, the spraying time interval between each layer can be 10 minutes, 11 minutes, 12 minutes, 13 minutes, 14 minutes, 15 minutes, or any value between 10 and 15 minutes.
[0062] In one optional embodiment, the curing process includes: allowing the coated leather to stand at 20-35°C for 24 hours.
[0063] Optionally, the finishing temperature of the coated leather can be 20℃, 21℃, 22℃, 23℃, 24℃, 25℃, 26℃, 27℃, 28℃, 29℃, 30℃, or any value between 20℃ and 35℃.
[0064] This application also provides a special leather fabric for model decoration, which is prepared by the aforementioned preparation method.
[0065] In one optional embodiment, the leather fabric used for model decoration has a thickness of 0.4-0.7 mm and has an adhesive backing on one side.
[0066] Optionally, the thickness of the leather fabric used for model decoration can be 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, or any value between 0.4 and 0.7 mm.
[0067] The implementation schemes of this application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the following embodiments are only for illustrating this application and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of this application. Unless otherwise specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall apply. Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturers are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.
[0068] Example 1 This embodiment provides a method for preparing leather fabric specifically for model decoration, the specific steps of which are as follows: Preparation of the fabric layer emulsion: 100g of waterborne polyurethane (purchased from Shenzhen Yoshida Chemical Co., Ltd.; batch number 202251210150) with a solid content of 35% and a viscosity of 300 mPa·s, 100g of waterborne acrylic emulsion (purchased from Shenzhen Yoshida Chemical Co., Ltd.; batch number 20525110615018) with a solid content of 35% and a pH value of 6, 10g of calcined 4000-mesh kaolin, 5g of polyether-based waterborne plasticizer, and 0.005g of other ingredients were placed in a stirrer and mixed at 400 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain the first mixed slurry. 5% (by weight) of waterborne black pigment was added to this first mixed slurry, and stirring was continued for 10 minutes to obtain the fabric layer emulsion.
[0069] Preparation of backing layer emulsion: The above-mentioned fabric layer emulsion and an aqueous terpene thickening emulsion with a solid content of 55% and a viscosity of 1200 mPa·s (purchased from Shenzhen Yoshida Chemical Co., Ltd.; batch number 302251113251) were mixed evenly at a volume ratio of 1:1.4 to obtain the backing layer emulsion.
[0070] Making the silicone mold: Take an ABS plastic sheet (3mm thick) with a standard lychee peel texture as the master mold, clean its surface with alcohol and dry it. Weigh the two-component addition-cure silicone (component A and component B are independent room temperature vulcanizing addition-cure silicone) at a weight ratio of A:B=1:1, stir manually for 3 minutes, and then place it in a vacuum degassing machine to remove air bubbles. Slowly pour the degassed silicone mixture onto the surface of the master mold, let it stand and cure at room temperature (25℃) for 6 hours, and then demold to obtain a soft silicone mold with a hardness of approximately Shore A 25 A.
[0071] Spray Coating: Fix the silicone mold onto the spray gun. Using a 1.0mm nozzle, adjust the air pressure to 0.4MPa and spray vertically from a distance of 25cm from the mold surface. The coating is applied in 9 layers: first, spray 7 layers of the fabric emulsion, then spray 2 layers of the adhesive backing emulsion. After each layer is applied, place the mold in a ventilated area and let it stand for 10 minutes until it is surface dry before applying the next layer. To obtain a uniform coating, the spray paths of adjacent layers should be approximately perpendicular and staggered.
[0072] Curing: Place the coated leather along with the mold in a constant temperature environment of 30℃ for 24 hours, and then peel it off from the mold to obtain the special leather fabric for model decoration.
[0073] The resulting fabric is flat and of uniform thickness. One side of the fabric shows a clear lychee texture from the ABS master mold, while the other side has a pressure-sensitive adhesive backing layer. The fabric is soft to the touch and can be directly pasted onto the curved surface of the model.
[0074] Example 2 This embodiment provides a method for preparing leather fabric specifically for model decoration, the specific steps of which are as follows: Preparation of the fabric layer emulsion: 100g of waterborne polyurethane with a solid content of 35% and a viscosity of 300 mPa·s, 100g of waterborne acrylic emulsion with a solid content of 35% and a pH of 6, 8g of calcined 4000-mesh kaolin, 6g of polyether-based waterborne plasticizer, and 0.008g of other ingredients were placed in a stirrer and mixed at 500 rpm for 15 minutes to obtain the first mixed slurry. 5% (by weight) of waterborne black pigment was added to this first mixed slurry, and stirring was continued for 10 minutes to obtain the fabric layer emulsion.
[0075] Preparation of backing layer emulsion: The above-mentioned fabric layer emulsion and an aqueous terpene thickening emulsion with a solid content of 55% and a viscosity of 1200 mPa·s are mixed evenly at a volume ratio of 1:1.5 to obtain the backing layer emulsion.
[0076] Making the silicone mold: Take a 3mm thick ABS plastic sheet with a standard lychee peel texture as the master mold, clean its surface with alcohol and dry it. Weigh the two-component addition-cure silicone (component A and component B are independent room temperature vulcanizing addition-cure silicone) at a weight ratio of A:B=1:1, stir manually for 3 minutes, and then place it in a vacuum degassing machine to remove air bubbles. Slowly pour the degassed silicone mixture onto the surface of the master mold, let it stand and cure at room temperature (25℃) for 6 hours, and then demold to obtain a soft silicone mold with a hardness of approximately Shore A 25°.
[0077] Spray Coating: Fix the silicone mold onto the spray gun. Using a 1.0mm nozzle, adjust the air pressure to 0.4MPa and spray vertically from a distance of 25cm from the mold surface. The coating is applied in 9 layers: first, spray 7 layers of the fabric emulsion, then spray 2 layers of the adhesive backing emulsion. After each layer is applied, place the mold in a ventilated area and let it stand for 10 minutes until it is surface dry before applying the next layer. To obtain a uniform coating, the spray paths of adjacent layers should be approximately perpendicular and staggered.
[0078] Curing: Place the coated leather along with the mold in a constant temperature environment of 30℃ for 24 hours, and then peel it off from the mold to obtain the special leather fabric for model decoration.
[0079] The resulting fabric is as follows Figure 1 As shown, the fabric is flat and of uniform thickness. One side of the fabric has a clear ABS master mold lychee texture, while the other side has a pressure-sensitive adhesive backing layer. It is soft to the touch and can be directly pasted onto the curved surface of the model.
[0080] Example 3 This embodiment provides a method for preparing leather fabric specifically for model decoration, the specific steps of which are as follows: Preparation of the fabric layer emulsion: 100g of waterborne polyurethane with a solid content of 35% and a viscosity of 300 mPa·s, 100g of waterborne acrylic emulsion with a solid content of 35% and a pH of 6, 15g of calcined 4000-mesh kaolin, 10g of polyether-based waterborne plasticizer, and 0.001g of other ingredients were placed in a stirrer and mixed at 500 rpm for 15 minutes to obtain the first mixed slurry. 5% (by weight) of waterborne black pigment was added to this first mixed slurry, and stirring was continued for 10 minutes to obtain the fabric layer emulsion.
[0081] Preparation of backing layer emulsion: The above-mentioned fabric layer emulsion and an aqueous terpene thickening emulsion with a solid content of 55% and a viscosity of 1200 mPa·s are mixed evenly at a volume ratio of 1:1.6 to obtain the backing layer emulsion.
[0082] Making the silicone mold: Take a 3mm thick ABS plastic sheet with a standard lychee peel texture as the master mold, clean its surface with alcohol and dry it. Weigh the two-component addition-cure silicone (component A and component B are independent room temperature vulcanizing addition-cure silicone) at a weight ratio of A:B=1:1, stir manually for 3 minutes, and then place it in a vacuum degassing machine to remove air bubbles. Slowly pour the degassed silicone mixture onto the surface of the master mold, let it stand and cure at room temperature (25℃) for 6 hours, and then demold to obtain a soft silicone mold with a hardness of approximately Shore A 25°.
[0083] Spray Coating: Fix the silicone mold onto the spray gun. Using a 1.0mm nozzle, adjust the air pressure to 0.4MPa and spray vertically from a distance of 25cm from the mold surface. The coating is applied in 9 layers: first, spray 7 layers of the fabric emulsion, then spray 2 layers of the adhesive backing emulsion. After each layer is applied, place the mold in a ventilated area and let it stand for 10 minutes until it is surface dry before applying the next layer. To obtain a uniform coating, the spray paths of adjacent layers should be approximately perpendicular and staggered.
[0084] Curing: Place the coated leather along with the mold in a constant temperature environment of 30℃ for 24 hours, and then peel it off from the mold to obtain the special leather fabric for model decoration.
[0085] The resulting fabric is flat and of uniform thickness. One side of the fabric displays a clear lychee texture from the ABS master mold, while the other side has a pressure-sensitive adhesive backing layer that is soft to the touch and can be directly pasted onto the curved surface of the model.
[0086] Comparative Example 1 The only difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that the aqueous terpene tackifying emulsion is not added; instead, the fabric layer emulsion is used directly as the backing layer. All other steps and parameters are exactly the same as in Example 2.
[0087] The resulting fabric has a clear lychee texture on one side and a pressure-sensitive adhesive backing layer on the other side, which has poor adhesion to the curved surface of the model.
[0088] Comparative Example 2 The only difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that ordinary industrial silicone with a Shore A hardness of 50° was used to make the mold. All other steps and parameters are exactly the same as in Example 2.
[0089] The resulting fabric has a blurred lychee texture on one side, and a pressure-sensitive adhesive backing that can be directly pasted onto the curved surface of the model.
[0090] Comparative Example 3 The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that a commercially available model decorative leather material is used. The back of the commercially available leather is a fabric lining and does not come with an adhesive layer, so the adhesive needs to be applied manually.
[0091] The resulting fabric exhibits a clear lychee-textured pattern on one side, while the other side has a pressure-sensitive adhesive backing that cannot be directly pasted onto the curved surface of the model. The properties of the leather fabrics obtained in the examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 1. Table 1
[0092] As shown in Table 1, the model decoration leather fabrics prepared in Examples 1-3 of this application are significantly superior to Comparative Examples 1-3 in terms of core performance indicators. Regarding thickness, the products in the examples are all strictly controlled within the ideal range of 0.4-0.7 mm, while the commercially available leather in Comparative Example 3 has a thickness of 0.9 mm, far exceeding the requirements for model decoration. In terms of adhesive peel strength, Examples 1-3 are all between 1.8-2.2 N / cm, ensuring both bonding stability and facilitating subsequent peeling and modification of the model. Comparative Example 1, however, lacks the addition of water-based terpene adhesive emulsion. The liquid has a peel strength of only 0.8 N / cm, which cannot meet the fixing requirements. In terms of texture clarity and surface fit, the embodiment relies on a two-component silicone mold and a layered spraying process to achieve accurate reproduction of the texture of the master mold, and can adapt to high curvature surfaces without wrinkles or hollowing. In contrast, Comparative Example 2 has a blurry texture imprint due to the high hardness of the mold, and Comparative Example 3 has poor fit due to the insufficient extensibility of the fabric backing. In terms of bending resistance, the products of the embodiment all reach more than 5,000 times, which is far superior to the 3,000 times durability of the commercially available Comparative Example 3.
[0093] In summary, by optimizing the raw material ratio, mold process, and spraying process, the leather fabric prepared in this application exhibits synergistic advantages in thickness control, adhesion adaptation, texture simulation, curved surface fitting, and durability. In particular, Example 2 demonstrates the best overall performance, perfectly matching the high-simulation and operable requirements of automotive interior model decoration. In contrast, the comparative examples suffer from key performance shortcomings due to raw material deficiencies, improper molds, or product structural defects, failing to meet the core technical requirements of model decoration. This further confirms the rationality and advancement of the preparation method in this application.
[0094] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.
[0095] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that although some embodiments herein include certain features included in other embodiments but not others, combinations of features from different embodiments are intended to be within the scope of this application and form different embodiments. For example, in the foregoing claims, any of the claimed embodiments can be used in any combination. The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance the understanding of the general background of this application and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that such information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art.
Claims
1. A method for preparing a special leather fabric for model decoration, characterized in that, include: A first mixed slurry is obtained by mixing waterborne polyurethane, waterborne acrylic emulsion, kaolin, plasticizer, and wetting and dispersing agent. The first mixed slurry is then mixed with waterborne color paste to obtain a fabric layer emulsion. The fabric layer emulsion is mixed with an aqueous terpene tackifying emulsion to obtain the backing layer emulsion; A silicone mold is obtained by casting a two-component silicone onto a master mold; the fabric layer emulsion and the adhesive backing layer emulsion are sprayed onto the silicone mold in multiple layers; after curing, the special leather fabric for model decoration is obtained.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one of the following conditions must be met: A. The mass ratio of the aqueous polyurethane, the aqueous acrylic emulsion, the kaolin, the plasticizer, and the wetting and dispersing agent in the first mixed slurry is 1:1:(0.05-0.15):(0.03-0.1):(0.001-0.01); B. The amount of water-based pigment added shall not exceed 8% of the mass of the first mixed slurry; C. The volume ratio of the fabric layer emulsion to the aqueous terpene thickening emulsion is 1:(1.4-1.6); D. The two-component silicone includes a first silicone and a second silicone; The first silicone and the second silicone each independently comprise room temperature vulcanizing addition-curing silicone; The hardness of the two-component silicone is Shore A 20-50. The preparation method includes: adding platinum water with a concentration of 1500-2500ppm to the first silica gel, wherein the amount of platinum water added is 5-7g per 1kg of the first silica gel; and mixing it with the second silica gel.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one of the following conditions must be met: E. The solid content of the waterborne polyurethane is 30-45%, and the viscosity is 200-500 mPa·s; F. The solid content of the aqueous acrylic emulsion is 30-55%, and the pH value is 5-7; G. The kaolin mentioned includes calcined 4000 mesh kaolin; H. The plasticizer includes a polyether-based waterborne plasticizer; I. The wetting and dispersing agent includes a nonionic aqueous wetting and dispersing agent.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aqueous terpene thickening emulsion has a solid content of 55-60% and a viscosity of 1000-1500 mPa·s.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The master mold is an ABS plastic sheet with the target texture on its surface.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spraying is performed using a spray gun with a nozzle diameter of 0.8-1.3mm, and the distance between the spray gun and the mold surface is 20-30cm.
7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The multi-layer spraying has 9 layers, of which: The first to third layers are sprayed with the fabric emulsion to form the basic dark texture layer; The fabric layer emulsion is sprayed in layers 4-7 to form a material thickness reinforcement layer; The 8th and 9th layers are sprayed with the backing emulsion to form the backing layer; The direction of each spraying layer is staggered with the previous layer, and the interval between spraying layers is 10-15 minutes.
8. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The curing process includes: allowing the coated leather to stand at 20-35°C for 24 hours.
9. A type of leather fabric specifically for model decoration, characterized in that, It is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-8.
10. The leather fabric for model decoration according to claim 9, characterized in that, The leather fabric used for model decoration has a thickness of 0.4-0.7mm and an adhesive backing on one side.