Gas nozzle for heavy oil slurry bed hydrogenation reactor

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of heavy oil hydrogenation reaction equipment, and particularly provides a gas nozzle for a heavy oil slurry bed hydrogenation reactor, which comprises a nozzle body, the nozzle body comprises a gas inlet pipe section, a gas outlet pipe section and a flow guide core, the flow guide core comprises a center column and a baffle, the bottom end of the center column is arranged in the gas outlet pipe section, the top end extends to the outside of the gas outlet pipe section, the baffle is located above the gas outlet pipe section and is connected with the top end of the center column in a manner perpendicular to the axis of the gas outlet pipe section, and the gas flow will be blocked by the baffle when flowing out of the gas inlet pipe section and the gas outlet pipe section, so as to improve the jet direction and diffusion form of the gas flow; the gas nozzle retains the characteristics of the original small-size nozzle, and converts the traditional "high-speed narrow flow" into "high-speed wide flow" by additionally arranging the flow guide core with the baffle, so as to achieve the dual purposes of uniform distribution of hydrogen in heavy oil and resistance to coking of heavy oil at the nozzle outlet, and solve the existing problems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of heavy oil hydrogenation reaction equipment, and particularly relates to a gas nozzle for a heavy oil slurry bed hydrogenation reactor. Background Technology

[0002] Heavy oil hydrotreating is a core technology for upgrading and converting heavy oil. Among them, slurry bed hydrotreating has become a research focus and development direction in the field of heavy oil deep processing due to its excellent adaptability to heavy feedstocks with high metal and high asphaltene content. The mass transfer rate and distribution uniformity of hydrogen in the reaction mixture directly determine the reaction efficiency and product quality of heavy oil hydrotreating. As the core component for hydrogen delivery and distribution in the slurry bed hydrotreating reactor, the gas nozzle plays a key role in the diffusion effect of gas in the bed through its structural design.

[0003] Currently, slurry bed reactors have been successfully applied to chemical processes such as unsaturated oil hydrogenation, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and anthraquinone hydrogen peroxide production. However, the material flowability and mild reaction conditions of such reaction systems are significantly different from the characteristics of poor material flowability, easy coking, and harsh reaction conditions in heavy oil hydrogenation. The gas distribution devices of existing slurry bed reactors cannot be directly adapted to the process requirements of heavy oil hydrogenation.

[0004] To enhance gas-liquid mass transfer within the reactor, existing technologies often employ complex bubble breakers. For example, patent document CN111495288B discloses a counter-current micro-interface enhancement reactor for heavy oil hydrogenation, which reduces bubble size to 1μm-1mm by placing bubble breakers at the top and bottom of the reactor, thereby increasing the gas-liquid mass transfer area. Patent document CN106215730A further discloses a bubble breaker with a spindle-shaped cavity structure, which uses secondary breakers to achieve multi-stage bubble breakage. However, these bubble breakers are complex in structure, which not only increases the manufacturing, assembly, and maintenance costs of the reactor but also makes it difficult to precisely control the uniform distribution of gas in the slurry bed, failing to fundamentally solve the problem of incomplete local reactions caused by uneven gas distribution during heavy oil hydrogenation.

[0005] Some technologies attempt to add flow guiding devices inside the nozzle to control the fluid ejection state. For example, the nozzle with embedded short cylindrical flow guiding core designed by Hu Weilin et al. can achieve full-circle spraying; the two-flow nozzle with spiral groove developed by Zhao Zhongxiang et al. can guide the airflow to form a rotational motion; the spiral flow guiding tubular nozzle in patent document CN203653260U can make the mixed gas form turbulence; the high-pressure nozzle with hollow spiral flow guiding core designed by Zhang Zepeng et al. combines the advantages of direct spray and centrifugal nozzle. However, these nozzles with flow guiding devices are mostly used in low-pressure, low-viscosity conditions such as irrigation, spraying, and fire fighting. They are difficult to withstand the high temperature and high pressure environment of heavy oil hydrogenation, and their flow guiding structure design is not optimized for the material characteristics of heavy oil slurry bed, and cannot balance the gas injection speed and horizontal diffusion range.

[0006] In addition, nozzle size has a significant impact on the distribution of materials in the slurry bed. Existing research shows that although reducing nozzle size can increase the gas injection velocity and is beneficial to the flow of heavy oil, it will lead to insufficient gas distribution in the horizontal direction, and at the same time increase the difficulty of nozzle manufacturing, disassembly and assembly and the cost of use.

[0007] In summary, existing gas distribution devices or nozzle structures cannot meet the core requirement of uniform gas distribution in heavy oil slurry bed hydrogenation reactors. There is an urgent need to develop a gas nozzle with a simple structure, adapted to heavy oil hydrogenation conditions, and capable of achieving uniform gas diffusion within the slurry bed. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a gas nozzle for a heavy oil slurry bed hydrogenation reactor. While retaining the characteristics of a small-sized nozzle, this gas nozzle can change the direction of the gas flow by adding a guide core, thereby improving the direction of the gas flow and the diffusion pattern. This achieves the dual purpose of uniformly distributing hydrogen in heavy oil and preventing coking of heavy oil at the nozzle outlet.

[0009] This solution provides a gas nozzle for a heavy oil slurry bed hydrogenation reactor:

[0010] The nozzle body includes an inlet pipe section, an outlet pipe section, and a guide core. The guide core includes a central column and a baffle. The bottom end of the central column is located inside the outlet pipe section, and the top end extends to the outside of the outlet pipe section. The baffle is located above the outlet pipe section and is connected to the top end of the central column in a manner perpendicular to the axis of the outlet pipe section. When the airflow flows out through the inlet pipe section and the outlet pipe section, it will be blocked by the baffle, thereby improving the airflow injection direction and diffusion pattern.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of this application: the baffle is either a wing plate or a circular plate;

[0012] When it is a wing plate, it comprises multiple sets, and the multiple sets of wing plates are equidistantly arranged at the top of the central column. The length of each set of wing plates is 2-3 times the inner diameter of the air outlet section, the thickness is 0.3-0.5mm, and the width of the wing plate gradually decreases in the direction away from the central column.

[0013] When the plate is circular, its center is fixed to the top of the central column. The diameter of the circular plate is 1-4 times the outer diameter of the outlet pipe section, and the thickness of the circular plate is 0.3-0.5 mm.

[0014] As the preferred embodiment of this application:

[0015] The edges of both the wing plate and the circular plate are rounded, and the outer surfaces of both the wing plate and the circular plate are passivated and polished, with a surface roughness Ra≤0.8μm.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of this application, the specific structure of the central column disposed within the air outlet pipe section is as follows:

[0017] The bottom of the air outlet pipe section is provided with a conical hole. At the same time, the bottom end of the central column is provided with a conical head assembly that engages with the conical hole. The central column is fixedly or retractably installed in the air outlet pipe section and coincides with the axis of the air outlet pipe section through the cooperation of the conical head assembly and the conical hole.

[0018] As the preferred embodiment of this application:

[0019] When the central column is fixedly installed in the air outlet section, the cone hole is an inverted cone structure, and the cone head assembly includes an inverted frustum provided at the tail end of the central column. The size of the inverted frustum is less than or equal to the size of the cone hole, and at least one set of slots is provided on the annular side of the inverted frustum. A retaining ring can be nested in the slot to keep the central column fixed.

[0020] As the preferred embodiment of this application:

[0021] When the central column is telescopically installed in the outlet pipe section, the cone assembly includes a connecting column at the tail end of the central column and a cone detachably connected thereto. The connecting column can move relative to the cone hole, and its length is greater than or equal to the distance between the baffle and the top of the outlet pipe section. When there is no air intake and the liquid material is stationary, the guide core can drive the connecting column to move downward relative to the cone hole under its own gravity and the gravity of the liquid material, thereby making the baffle and the upper end face of the outlet pipe section in close contact. When there is air intake, the high-pressure gas acts on the baffle, thereby driving the connecting column to move upward relative to the cone hole until the cone detachment is engaged with the cone hole, thereby limiting and fixing the guide core.

[0022] As the preferred embodiment of this application:

[0023] The intake pipe section and the exhaust pipe section are perpendicularly connected end to end, wherein the inner diameter of the intake pipe section is greater than or equal to the inner diameter of the exhaust pipe section.

[0024] As the preferred embodiment of this application:

[0025] The baffle is located 9-11 mm above the air outlet pipe section.

[0026] As the preferred embodiment of this application:

[0027] The diameter of the central column is less than or equal to 0.5 times the inner diameter of the outlet pipe section.

[0028] As the preferred embodiment of this application:

[0029] The guide core is made of a high-temperature and high-pressure resistant alloy.

[0030] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this application are:

[0031] In heavy oil slurry beds, the material has high viscosity and poor flowability. Direct injection using traditional micro-nozzles easily forms a columnar jet, leading to localized gas accumulation and hydrogen depletion in other areas. This proposed solution uses a nozzle that includes an outlet pipe section and a guide core within it. The guide core's baffles force the linearly injected airflow to be redirected and split, causing the columnar jet to diffuse horizontally. This expands the airflow coverage across the bed cross-section, significantly improving the uniformity of hydrogen distribution in the heavy oil, enhancing gas-liquid mass transfer, and overcoming the inherent limitations of hydrogen diffusion and penetration in high-viscosity heavy oil. Furthermore, the horizontal airflow... Diffusion not only forms a protective gas film at the nozzle outlet to reduce direct contact between heavy oil and the nozzle outlet, but also allows the diverted airflow to wash away slight coking near the nozzle outlet, slowing down the coking rate and extending the nozzle maintenance cycle, thus enhancing the long-term stability of the nozzle. Therefore, this gas nozzle design is simple in structure, easy to process and disassemble, and retains the high jet velocity of the original micro-nozzle while avoiding the drawbacks of "high-speed narrow flow" through baffle diversion. This improves the radial distribution efficiency of the gas (hydrogen) in the reactor and its residence time within the reactor, while also taking into account anti-coking performance. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the gas nozzle for the heavy oil slurry bed hydrogenation reactor provided by the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 This is an exploded structural diagram of the gas nozzle provided by the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the baffle, which is a circular plate, provided by the present invention.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the baffle as a wing plate provided by the present invention.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between the central column and the conical hole provided by the present invention.

[0037] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of another connection structure between the central column and the conical hole provided by the present invention.

[0038] Figure 7 This invention provides a curve showing the change in gas content within a 100mm radius around the gas nozzle over time under different ratios of baffle diameter to outlet pipe outer diameter.

[0039] Figure Labels

[0040] 10 is the intake pipe section; 11 is the exhaust pipe section; 111 is the conical hole; 12 is the guide core; 121 is the central column; 122 is the baffle; 123 is the cone head assembly; 1231 is the inverted frustum; 1232 is the connecting column; 1233 is the frustum; 1234 is the slot; 13 is the retaining ring;

[0041] D1 represents the inner diameter of the exhaust pipe section; D2 represents the outer diameter of the exhaust pipe section; D3 represents the diameter of the central column; D4 represents the diameter of the circular plate; D5 represents the inner diameter of the intake pipe section; H represents the distance between the baffle and the exhaust pipe section. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. It should be emphasized that the following description is merely exemplary and is not intended to limit the scope and application of the present invention.

[0043] Example 1:

[0044] This embodiment provides a gas nozzle for a heavy oil slurry bed hydrogenation reactor. (See also...) Figure 1-2The nozzle body, in this embodiment, retains the characteristics of the original small-sized nozzle and includes an inlet pipe section 10, an outlet pipe section 11, and a guide core 12. Preferably, the inlet pipe section 10 and the outlet pipe section 11 are perpendicularly joined end-to-end to form an L-shaped pipe. The inlet pipe section 10 is horizontally positioned, and the outlet pipe section 11 is vertically positioned. The inner diameter D5 of the inlet pipe section 10 is greater than or equal to the inner diameter D1 of the outlet pipe section 11. Preferably, the inner diameter D1 of the outlet pipe section 11 is less than or equal to 30mm. The guide core 12 is made of a high-temperature and high-pressure resistant alloy to meet the high-temperature process requirements of slurry beds. It includes a central column 121 and a baffle 122. The central column 121 serves as a support column, with its bottom end located inside the outlet pipe section 11. The fixing method can be welding, snap-fitting, bonding, or screwing, etc. Fixed to the bottom or side wall of the vent pipe section 11, with its top end extending to the outside of the vent pipe section 11, it is understood that the diameter D3 of the central column 121 should be smaller than the inner diameter D1 of the vent pipe section 11. In this embodiment, it is preferred that the diameter D3 of the central column 121 is less than or equal to 0.5 times, or half, the inner diameter D1 of the vent pipe section 11. The baffle 122 is located at a certain distance above the top of the vent pipe section 11 and is installed at the top of the central column 121 by means of screwing or welding, perpendicular to the axis of the vent pipe section 11. It is understood that the distance between the baffle 122 and the top (outlet) of the vent pipe section 11 can be determined according to actual needs, with the aim of achieving effective diffusion and not obstructing the outlet of the vent pipe section 11. In this embodiment, it is preferred that the baffle 122 is located at a height of 9-11 mm outside the vent pipe section 11.

[0045] In use, due to the characteristics of the original small-sized nozzle in this embodiment, the ejected airflow is not only fast, but also forced to improve the airflow injection direction and diffusion pattern under the diversion action of baffle 122, realizing the transformation of the traditional "high-speed narrow flow" into "high-speed wide flow", enhancing the horizontal diffusion range of the airflow, greatly improving the uniformity of hydrogen distribution in heavy oil, strengthening gas-liquid mass transfer, and solving the problem of the mutual restriction between the diffusion and penetration of hydrogen in high-viscosity heavy oil. In addition, through the horizontal diffusion of the airflow, not only can a gas film protective layer be formed at the nozzle outlet to reduce the direct contact between heavy oil and the nozzle outlet, but the diverted airflow can also wash away the slight coking near the nozzle outlet, slow down the coking rate, and achieve the purpose of extending the nozzle maintenance cycle, thus enhancing the long-term stability of the nozzle operation.

[0046] In summary, the nozzle structure of this embodiment possesses the dual properties of uniform hydrogen distribution in heavy oil and resistance to coking of heavy oil at the nozzle outlet. This significantly improves the efficiency of heavy oil slurry bed hydrogenation reaction. Compared to the traditional flow guide core 12 nozzle in the drip irrigation field, the gas nozzle of this embodiment retains its original small size characteristics. The purpose is to achieve a synergistic balance between the uniform diffusion and penetration ability of high-pressure hydrogen in high-viscosity heavy oil, ultimately achieving uniform hydrogen diffusion in heavy oil and improving gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency. In contrast, nozzles in the drip irrigation field pursue liquid atomization and wide coverage, without considering penetration and mass transfer enhancement.

[0047] In this embodiment, the baffle 122 is either a wing plate or a circular plate.

[0048] When it is a wing plate, it consists of multiple sets. One end of each set of wing plates is welded or equidistantly arranged at the top of the central column 121 by means of a ring seat or clamp. The length of each set of wing plates is 2-3 times the inner diameter D1 of the exhaust pipe section 11, and the thickness is 0.3-0.5mm. The width of the wing plate gradually decreases along the direction away from the central column 121. That is, the width of the wing plate is not a constant value, but gradually decreases along the direction away from the central column. The width of the wing plate is the largest on the side closer to the central column 121 and the smallest on the side away from the central column 121. The specific reduction method can be linear or non-linear, depending on the actual needs. This embodiment will not be described in detail here.

[0049] In this embodiment, the preferred wingplate comprises 2-4 sets, such as... Figure 4 As shown, it can be understood that the specific number of wing plates can be determined according to the actual width of the wing plate, and this embodiment preferably includes 2-4 sets, such as... Figure 4 As shown, it is understandable that the specific number of blades can be determined based on the actual width of the blades. The actual width needs to be determined comprehensively by combining the inner diameter of the outlet of the exhaust pipe section 11, the viscosity characteristics of heavy oil (thick heavy oil, light heavy oil and ordinary heavy oil) and the gas diffusion requirements. In this embodiment, the maximum width is preferably no more than 1.2 mm to prevent excessive loss of gas kinetic energy due to excessively wide blades, which would prevent the gas from penetrating the blockage of high viscosity heavy oil.

[0050] In this embodiment, in order to reduce the probability of heavy oil adhesion, it is preferable to set a 0.2-0.3mm rounded corner at the edge of the wing plate, and to perform passivation and polishing treatment on the surface, with a surface roughness Ra≤0.8μm. Combined with the width gradient design, the probability of heavy oil adhesion is further reduced.

[0051] When the plate is circular, its center is fixed to the top of the central column 121 by welding, screwing, or clamping. The diameter of the circular plate is 1-4 times the outer diameter D2 of the outlet pipe section 11, i.e., less than 30-120mm, and the thickness of the circular plate is 0.3-0.5mm. Figure 3 As shown.

[0052] The circular plate can cause high-speed airflow to be resisted and diffuse radially at high speed, thereby passing through the heavy oil and spreading around the gas nozzle, increasing the gas content of the heavy oil around the gas nozzle.

[0053] In order to reduce the probability of heavy oil adhesion, this embodiment preferably sets a 0.2-0.3mm rounded corner on the edge of the circular plate, and the surface is passivated and polished, with a surface roughness Ra≤0.8μm.

[0054] It should be noted that, if necessary, reinforcing ribs may be bonded or welded between the central column 121 and the baffle 122 to improve the strength and stability of the baffle 122.

[0055] How to achieve the expected function of the guide core 12 under the spatial structure constraints of a small nozzle is a key issue that needs to be addressed in nozzle design research. In this embodiment, the specific structure of the central column 121 set in the air outlet pipe section 11 is as follows: a conical hole 111 is opened at the bottom of the air outlet pipe section 11, that is, at the bend of the L-shaped pipe. At the same time, a conical head assembly 123 is provided at the bottom end of the central column 121, which engages with the conical hole 111. Through the cooperation of the conical head assembly 123 and the conical hole 111, the central column 121 is fixedly or retractably set in the air outlet pipe section 11 and coincides with the axis of the air outlet pipe section 11. That is, the central column 121 is set in the center of the air outlet pipe section 11 through the cooperation of the conical head assembly 123 and the conical hole 111.

[0056] like Figure 5 The diagram shows a central column 121 fixedly installed in the outlet pipe section 11 according to this embodiment. In this structure, the conical hole 111 is an inverted conical structure. The conical head assembly 123 includes an inverted frustum 1231 provided at the tail end of the central column 121. The inverted frustum 1231 is welded, screwed, or integrally formed with the tail end of the central column 121. The size of the inverted frustum 1231 is less than or equal to the size of the conical hole 111. At least one set of slots 1234 are provided on the annular side of the inverted frustum 1231. The retaining ring 13 can be nested in the slots 1234 to keep the central column 121 fixed.

[0057] In this embodiment, when the size of the inverted truncated cone 1231 is smaller than the size of the conical hole 111, it is preferable to have two sets of slots 1234 arranged vertically on the annular side of the inverted truncated cone 1231. After the inverted truncated cone 1231 enters the conical hole 111, the two sets of slots 1234 can be located exactly on the upper and lower end faces of the conical hole 111. Finally, the central column 121 is limited and fixed by being embedded in the retaining ring 13. It can be understood that during assembly, the retaining ring 13 can be nested in the slot 1234 located on the upper end face of the conical hole 111 first. After the inverted truncated cone 1231 and the conical hole 111 are aligned, the retaining ring 13 is nested in the slot 1234 located on the lower end face of the conical hole 111. It can be understood that the size of the retaining ring 13 should be larger than the diameter of the upper and lower end faces of the conical hole 111.

[0058] When the size of the inverted truncated cone 1231 is smaller than the size of the conical hole 111, it is preferable to provide a set of slots 1234 only on the annular side of the inverted truncated cone 1231. In this scheme, after the inverted truncated cone 1231 is engaged with the conical hole 111 (that is, the outer periphery of the inverted truncated cone 1231 is in close contact with the inner wall of the conical hole 111), the slots 1234 extend exactly to the lower end face of the conical hole 111, and are then held in place by the retaining ring 13 to prevent it from being dislodged by airflow impact.

[0059] Appendix Figure 1 This embodiment demonstrates the overall structure formed by assembling three independent parts—the L-shaped tube, the guide core 12, and the retaining ring 13—in the gas nozzle. The specific assembly method is illustrated using the example where the size of the inverted frustum 1231 is smaller than the size of the conical hole 111.

[0060] The first step is to insert the central column 121 of the guide core 12 into the outlet pipe section and make it coaxial with the outlet pipe section;

[0061] The second step is to insert the inverted frustum 1231 of the central column 121 into the conical hole 111 at the bottom of the L-shaped tube, ensuring that the inner surface of the inverted frustum 1231 is in close contact with the inner surface of the conical hole 111, and at the same time, ensuring that the groove 1234 on the annular side of the inverted frustum 1231 is located on the lower end face of the conical hole 111.

[0062] The third step is to insert the retaining ring 13 into the slot 1234 of the inverted truncated cone 1231 to ensure that the relative positions of the L-shaped tube and the guide core 12 are fixed.

[0063] The above assembly process can be completed using only the retaining ring 13 clamps.

[0064] With the L-shaped tube and the guide core 12 assembled in place, the distance H between the bottom surface of the circular plate of the guide core 12 and the outlet of the air outlet section 11 is 10mm.

[0065] like Figure 6 The diagram shows a telescopic central column 121 provided in this embodiment, which is installed in the outlet pipe section 11. In this structure, the cone assembly 123 includes a connecting column 1232 located at the tail end of the central column 121 and a cone 1233 detachably connected to it by means of screws, pins, etc. The connecting column 1232 can move relative to the cone hole 111, and its length is greater than or equal to the distance H between the baffle 122 and the top of the outlet pipe. The purpose of this design is that when the connecting column 1232 moves relative to the cone hole 111, it can drive the baffle 122 to move synchronously and drive the baffle 122 to contact or separate from the outlet of the outlet pipe section 11, thereby blocking the nozzle when it is not in the air intake state and preventing heavy oil from flowing back or flowing into the nozzle.

[0066] In use, when there is no air intake and the liquid material is stationary, the guide core 12, under its own gravity and the gravity of the liquid material, can drive the connecting column 1232 to move downward relative to the conical hole 111, thereby bringing the baffle 122 into close contact with the outlet of the air outlet section 11. At this time, the nozzle is automatically sealed to prevent heavy oil backflow (reverse flow into the nozzle). When air is intake, the high-pressure gas acts on the baffle 122, thereby driving the connecting column 1232 to move upward relative to the conical hole 111 until the conical truncated cone 1233 and the conical hole 111 are aligned. After snapping, the guide core 12 is fixed and limited. The fixed guide core 12 can forcibly improve the airflow injection direction and diffusion pattern through the baffle 122 on it. It can be understood that the snapping and limiting between the cone 1233 and the cone hole 111 is mainly achieved through mechanical structure. That is, the size of the cone hole 111 is smaller than the size of the cone 1233, and the force of the snapping between the cone 1233 and the cone hole 111 is less than the sum of its own weight and the weight of the liquid material, so as to ensure that it can be automatically closed when stationary.

[0067] The assembly method for the above components is as follows:

[0068] The first step is to insert the connecting post 1232 of the guide core 12 into the tapered hole 111 at the bottom of the L-shaped tube and make it coaxial with the air outlet section 11;

[0069] The second step is to connect the frustum 1233 to the bottom of the connecting post 1232 after the connecting post 1232 extends to the bottom of the conical hole 111. At this point, the assembly is complete.

[0070] With the L-shaped tube and the guide core 12 assembled in place, the bottom surface of the circular plate of the guide core 12 is 10mm away from the outlet of the air outlet section 11.

[0071] To further demonstrate the beneficial effects of this embodiment, the gas-liquid flow distribution near the gas nozzle was studied using computational fluid dynamics simulation methods, with a specific example of a circular plate as baffle 122.

[0072] Appendix Figure 7 The figure shows the variation of gas content within a 100mm radius around the gas nozzle with intake time when the outer diameter D2 of the outlet pipe section 11 remains constant, and the diameter D4 of the circular plate of the guide core 12 is equal to 1, 2, 3, and 4 times the inner diameter D2 of the outlet pipe section 11, respectively. For comparison, the figure also shows the gas content data without the circular plate. The data analysis results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0073] Table 1

[0074]

[0075] Analysis revealed that due to the non-uniformity of the gas phase distribution, the aforementioned gas content value fluctuated over time. Evaluation was conducted from two aspects: the magnitude of the gas content value (corresponding to the average gas content) and its stability (corresponding to the standard deviation of the gas content). The results showed that using the guide core 12 with a circular plate significantly improved the gas content within a 100mm radius around the gas nozzle. The optimal ratio was D4 / D2 = 2, indicating that the gas nozzle size selection range provided in this embodiment is reasonable.

[0076] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge regarding specific structures and characteristics in the solutions has not been elaborated upon here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications without departing from the present invention, and these modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. These modifications will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of the claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A gas nozzle for a heavy oil slurry bed hydrogenation reactor, comprising a nozzle body, characterized in that: The nozzle body includes an inlet pipe section (10), an outlet pipe section (11), and a guide core (12). The guide core (12) includes a central column (121) and a baffle (122). The bottom end of the central column (121) is located inside the outlet pipe section (11), and the top end extends to the outside of the outlet pipe section (11). The baffle (122) is located a certain distance above the top end of the outlet pipe section (11) and is connected to the top end of the central column (121) in a manner perpendicular to the axis of the outlet pipe section (11). When the airflow flows out through the inlet pipe section (10) and the outlet pipe section (11), it will be blocked by the baffle (122), thereby improving the airflow injection direction and diffusion pattern. The bottom of the air outlet pipe section (11) is provided with a conical hole (111). At the same time, the bottom end of the central column (121) is provided with a conical head assembly (123) that engages with the conical hole (111). Through the cooperation of the conical head assembly (123) and the conical hole (111), the central column (121) is telescopically installed in the air outlet pipe section (11) and coincides with the axis of the air outlet pipe section (11).

2. The gas nozzle for the heavy oil slurry bed hydrogenation reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The baffle (122) is either a wing plate or a circular plate; When it is a wing plate, it includes multiple sets, and the multiple sets of wing plates are equidistantly arranged at the top of the central column (121). The length of each set of wing plates is 2-3 times the inner diameter of the air outlet section (11), the thickness is 0.3-0.5mm, and the width of the wing plate gradually decreases in the direction away from the central column (121). When it is a circular plate, the center of the circular plate is fixed at the top of the central column (121), the diameter of the circular plate is 1-4 times the outer diameter of the air outlet section (11), and the thickness of the circular plate is 0.3-0.5mm.

3. The gas nozzle for the heavy oil slurry bed hydrogenation reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The edges of both the wing plate and the circular plate are rounded, and the outer surfaces of both the wing plate and the circular plate are passivated and polished, with a surface roughness Ra≤0.8μm.

4. The gas nozzle for the heavy oil slurry bed hydrogenation reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the central column (121) is telescopically installed in the outlet pipe section (11), the cone assembly (123) includes a connecting column (1232) located at the tail end of the central column (121) and a cone (1233) detachably connected thereto. The connecting column (1232) can move relative to the cone hole (111), and its length is greater than or equal to the distance between the baffle (122) and the top of the outlet pipe section (11). When there is no air intake and the liquid phase material is in a static state, Under its own gravity and the gravity of the liquid material, the guide core (12) can drive the connecting column (1232) to move down relative to the conical hole (111), thereby making the baffle (122) and the upper end face of the gas outlet section (11) in close contact. In the gas inlet state, the high pressure gas acts on the baffle (122), thereby driving the connecting column (1232) to move up relative to the conical hole (111) until the conical platform (1233) and the conical hole (111) are engaged, thereby realizing the limiting and fixing of the guide core (12).

5. The gas nozzle for the heavy oil slurry bed hydrogenation reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intake pipe section (10) and the exhaust pipe section (11) are perpendicularly connected end to end, wherein the inner diameter of the intake pipe section (10) is greater than or equal to the inner diameter of the exhaust pipe section (11).

6. The gas nozzle for the heavy oil slurry bed hydrogenation reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the baffle (122) and the outside of the air outlet section (11) is 9-11 mm.

7. The gas nozzle for a heavy oil slurry bed hydrogenation reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the central column (121) is less than or equal to 0.5 times the inner diameter of the outlet pipe section (11).

8. The gas nozzle for the heavy oil slurry bed hydrogenation reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide core (12) is made of a high-temperature and high-pressure resistant alloy.

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