A composting preparation for coniferous plant residues, its preparation method and use

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of for coniferous forest plant residue's compost preparation and its preparation method and application, belong to microbial technical field.The compost preparation for coniferous forest plant residue of the application includes bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis , bacillus licheniformis Bacillus licheniformis , thermococcus Maribacter thermophilus , with coniferous forest plant residue, fresh chicken manure and peanut shell or corn silk as main raw material and rots, wherein aerobic bacillus mainly plays the key role of decomposing lignocellulose and releasing nutrients, and atypical marine-derived thermococcus is used as functional auxiliary strain, and the three strains synergistically promote the efficient and directional composting conversion of recalcitrant coniferous forest residues, and finally a kind of compost preparation rich in active functional groups, with porous structure and high adsorption capacity is prepared.The application provides an innovative biological conversion path for high-value resource utilization of coniferous forest waste.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of microbial technology, specifically relating to a composting agent for coniferous plant residues, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Coniferous plant debris (such as bark, fallen leaves, dead branches, and sawdust) is rich in lignin, cellulose, tannins, resins, and other allelochemicals. Its thick cuticle layer results in an extremely slow decomposition rate under natural conditions, making it a long-standing challenge for the resource utilization of forest waste. Currently, the main methods for treating large accumulations of coniferous forest debris are open burning, landfilling, or simple crushing and returning to the field. The former easily causes air pollution and carbon emissions, while the latter may affect crop growth due to the inhibition of allelochemicals; neither method achieves environmentally friendly and high-value utilization.

[0003] In the field of organic solid waste resource utilization, the preparation of composting substrates through aerobic fermentation using microorganisms is the mainstream approach. Existing technologies primarily utilize common terrestrial microorganisms such as Bacillus and Trichoderma, whose functions mainly revolve around degrading cellulose and lignin and providing nutrients. However, for coniferous forest residues with particularly complex structures and strong degradation resistance, traditional microbial agents often suffer from long composting cycles, insufficient efficiency, and limited functionality. In particular, existing composting technologies focus primarily on the decomposition of organic matter and nutrient release, while rarely consciously introducing and enhancing key microorganisms and metabolic pathways with specific fixation functions for pollutants such as heavy metals during the composting process, thus limiting the added value of the final product.

[0004] Therefore, developing a composite microbial agent and preparation process that can achieve efficient and targeted transformation of coniferous forest residues and simultaneously endow the products with specific environmental remediation functions has become an urgent need to promote the upgrading of resource utilization technology for this type of waste. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a composting agent for coniferous plant residues, which effectively composts mixtures containing coniferous plant residues to form actively energized functional materials.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A composting agent for coniferous plant residues, the composting agent comprising Bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus licheniformis thermophilic seaweed Maribacter thermophilus The volume ratio of the three is (1.5-2.0):1:(0.3-0.8).

[0007] Furthermore, the Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilis The *Bacillus licheniformis* strain was deposited on November 25, 2025, at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), located at No. 3, Courtyard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, with accession number CGMCC No. 36767. Bacillus licheniformis It was deposited on June 27, 2025, at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), located at No. 3, Courtyard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, with accession number CGMCC No. 35039; the described thermophilic marine bacterium Maribacter thermophilus The strain number is CGMCC No.1.12207, purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with an original preservation date of April 25, 2012.

[0008] A method for preparing a composting agent for coniferous plant residues includes the following steps: (1) Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis After thawing, the mycelium was inoculated into LB medium for activation culture. After activation culture, mycelial cakes of each strain were picked and added to LB liquid medium at an inoculation rate of 1.5% for fermentation culture. When the effective viable count in the liquid medium reached 1×10⁻⁶, the culture was continued until the mycelium count reached 1×10⁻⁶. 8 When the concentration of CFU / mL was reached, fermentation was stopped, and fermentation broths of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis were obtained, respectively. (2) Thermophilic seaweed Maribacter thermophilus After thawing, the bacteria were inoculated into seawater 2216 agar medium for activation. Single colonies were picked and inoculated into seawater 2216 liquid medium to obtain seed culture. 5% of the seed culture was then inoculated into a small fermenter. When the effective viable count reached 1×10⁻⁶... 8 When the concentration of CFU / mL is reached, fermentation is stopped to obtain thermophilic marine bacteria fermentation broth; (3) The fermentation liquid of Bacillus subtilis, fermentation liquid of Bacillus licheniformis, and fermentation liquid of Bacillus thermophilus are mixed in a volume ratio of (1.5-2.0):1:(0.3-0.8) to obtain the fermentation preparation.

[0009] The present invention also provides the application of the composting agent for coniferous plant residues in the fermentation and composting of waste containing coniferous plant residues, wherein the amount of the composting agent added is 0.3-0.5% of the total mass of the waste containing coniferous plant residues; the waste containing coniferous plant residues, by mass percentage, contains 65-70% coniferous plant residues, 30-35% fresh chicken manure, and 3-5% peanut shells or corn silk.

[0010] Further, specific application steps include: (1) Raw material pretreatment: Dry and crush the coniferous plant residues to a particle size ≤5cm and a moisture content <40%; dry the fresh chicken manure to a moisture content <70%; dry the peanut shells or corn silk to a moisture content <30%; (2) Material mixing: Mix the coniferous plant residues, fresh chicken manure, peanut shells or corn silk evenly according to the mass percentages to obtain the mixture; (3) Inoculation and conditioning of composting agent: Spray the prepared composting agent into the mixture and use inorganic nutrient solution to adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 60-65%; (4) Fermentation: The material prepared in step (3) is piled up in strips, with a pile height of ≤1.5 meters. The fermentation temperature is controlled to be less than 65℃, and the moisture content of the material is maintained between 45-65%. The pile is piled up for 55-60 days. (5) Fermentation and post-processing: Detect the seed germination rate of the material. When the germination rate is >80%, stop fermentation, reduce the moisture content of the material to ≤35%, and age for 2-3 weeks.

[0011] Furthermore, in step (3), the inorganic nutrient solution contains 0.1-0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or superphosphate, 0.05-0.1% urea, and 0.01-0.02% magnesium sulfate.

[0012] Furthermore, in step (4), when the temperature of the pile exceeds 65°C, it is turned over and cooled down, and when the moisture content of the material is <45%, water is added.

[0013] Furthermore, in step (5), the aged matrix is ​​granulated or used directly as a powder.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this invention are mainly reflected in: (1) A new pathway for efficient biotransformation and resource utilization of recalcitrant coniferous plant residues is provided.

[0015] This invention overcomes the limitations of traditional composting agents that rely heavily on terrestrial, room-temperature-dependent bacterial strains. It innovatively introduces thermophilic marine bacteria into the coniferous plant residue composting system. This strain is combined with *Bacillus subtilis* specifically screened for coniferous plant residues and *Bacillus licheniformis*, which has a broad-spectrum decomposition ability, to construct a synergistic microbial community characterized by "primary attack, secondary attack, and functional enhancement." Among these, *Bacillus subtilis*... Bacillus subtilisThis strain was isolated and screened from the topsoil under coniferous forests (strain preservation number: CGMCC No. 36767). It exhibits natural tolerance to allelochemicals in coniferous forest debris and efficiently secretes cellulase, hemicellulase, and lignin peroxidase, making it a key player in decomposing the complex structure of coniferous forest debris. Furthermore, during its re-fermentation process, it utilizes sulfur-containing amino acids (such as methionine) in the raw materials to produce abundant sulfur-containing functional groups such as thiol groups. These functional groups possess a strong chelating ability for heavy metals (such as Cd and Pb). (Bacillus licheniformis) Bacillus licheniformis (CGMCC No. 35039) This strain exhibits strong environmental adaptability and enzyme production activity, effectively decomposing organic matter such as protein and starch in livestock manure, releasing nutrients such as ammonium nitrogen, and forming a symbiotic and mutually reinforcing relationship with Bacillus subtilis. The synergistic effect of both significantly accelerates material decomposition and increases the total nutrient content of the substrate. Furthermore, addressing the unique bottleneck of extremely high lignin and fat-soluble inhibitor content in coniferous plant residues coupled with a lack of readily available nutrients, this invention creatively introduces thermophilic marine bacteria. This strain does not directly degrade the lignin core, but achieves a triple breakthrough through its unique enzyme system (such as oxidases, esterases, and lipases): First, it attacks the linkages or lipid barriers of the lignin-carbohydrate complex, softening the material structure and creating a prerequisite for subsequent deep degradation by Bacillus. Second, it transforms benzene-alcohol-soluble resins and waxes, traditionally considered microbial inhibitors, into usable carbon sources, turning waste into treasure and eliminating allelopathic inhibition. Third, under harsh nutritional conditions of low carbohydrates and no protein, it maintains key carbon and nitrogen metabolic cycles through the above pathways and its own protease activity. Thus, *Bacillus thermophilus*, along with *Bacillus subtilis* and *Bacillus licheniformis*, constitutes a precise functional division and cascade reaction of 'barrier breaking-transformation-deep degradation,' achieving highly efficient and targeted composting of highly resistant coniferous forest residues. The three strains complement each other, forming a synergistic process from macroscopic structural decomposition to microscopic functional empowerment of recalcitrant organic matter.

[0016] (2) A set of synergistically optimized directional fermentation processes has been developed.

[0017] By employing a unique material ratio, a multifunctional composite microbial strain combination, and an inorganic nutrient solution (providing key elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur), this method constructs a highly efficient and low-consumption directional fermentation process. This process not only effectively fixes nitrogen and reduces nutrient loss, but also maximizes the retention and enhancement of the product's intrinsic value by regulating the microbial community and metabolic processes.

[0018] (3) A high-performance decomposed matrix material was prepared.

[0019] The composting agent and application process of this invention ultimately produce a composted matrix that is not simply an organic material, but a functional material actively empowered by biotechnology. It possesses high organic matter content, readily available nutrients, and beneficial microorganisms, as well as high specific surface area, abundant thiol / carboxyl functional groups, and high adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions. These properties collectively constitute the multifunctional material basis for the potential applications of this material in the environmental and agricultural fields. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 The present invention is based on Bacillus licheniformis. Bacillus licheniformis Electron micrograph; Figure 3 The present invention is based on Bacillus licheniformis. Bacillus licheniformis Flat plate coating pattern; Figure 4 The present invention is based on Bacillus subtilis. Bacillus subtilis Electron micrograph; Figure 5 The present invention is based on Bacillus subtilis. Bacillus subtilis The flat plate coating pattern. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but it is not limited thereto.

[0022] Example 1 A composting agent for coniferous plant residues, the composting agent comprising Bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus licheniformis thermophilic seaweed Maribacter thermophilus The volume ratio of the three is 1.5:1:0.3.

[0023] Bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis The *Bacillus licheniformis* strain was deposited on November 25, 2025, at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), located at No. 3, Courtyard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, with accession number CGMCC No. 36767. Bacillus licheniformis It was deposited on June 27, 2025, at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), located at No. 3, Courtyard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, with accession number CGMCC No. 35039; the described thermophilic marine bacterium Maribacter thermophilus The strain number is CGMCC No.1.12207, purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with an original preservation date of April 25, 2012.

[0024] A method for preparing a composting agent for coniferous plant residues includes the following steps: (1) After thawing, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis were inoculated into LB medium for activation culture. After activation culture, the mycelial cakes of each strain were picked and added to LB liquid medium at an inoculation rate of 1.5% for fermentation culture. When the number of effective viable bacteria in the liquid medium reached 1×10⁻⁶, the fermentation culture was carried out. 8 When the concentration of CFU / mL was reached, fermentation was stopped, and fermentation broths of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis were obtained, respectively. (2) After thawing the thermophilic marine bacteria, inoculate them into seawater 2216 agar medium for activation. Pick a single colony and inoculate it into seawater 2216 liquid medium to obtain seed culture. Inoculate 5% of the seed culture into a small fermenter. When the effective viable count reaches 1×10⁻⁶, 8 When the concentration of CFU / mL is reached, fermentation is stopped to obtain thermophilic marine bacteria fermentation broth; (3) The fermentation liquid of Bacillus subtilis, fermentation liquid of Bacillus licheniformis, and fermentation liquid of thermophilic seaweed are mixed in a volume ratio of 1.5:1:0.3 to obtain the composting preparation.

[0025] Example 2 A composting agent for coniferous plant residues, the composting agent comprising Bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus licheniformis thermophilic seaweed Maribacter thermophilus The volume ratio of the three is 1.8:1:0.5.

[0026] Bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis The *Bacillus licheniformis* strain was deposited on November 25, 2025, at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), located at No. 3, Courtyard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, with accession number CGMCC No. 36767. Bacillus licheniformis It was deposited on June 27, 2025, at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), located at No. 3, Courtyard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, with accession number CGMCC No. 35039; the described thermophilic marine bacterium Maribacter thermophilus The strain number is CGMCC No.1.12207, purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with an original preservation date of April 25, 2012.

[0027] A method for preparing a composting agent for coniferous plant residues includes the following steps: (1) After thawing, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis were inoculated into LB medium for activation culture. After activation culture, the mycelial cakes of each strain were picked and added to LB liquid medium at an inoculation rate of 1.5% for fermentation culture. When the number of effective viable bacteria in the liquid medium reached 1×10⁻⁶, the fermentation culture was carried out. 8 When the concentration of CFU / mL was reached, fermentation was stopped, and fermentation broths of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis were obtained, respectively. (2) After thawing the thermophilic marine bacteria, inoculate them into seawater 2216 agar medium for activation. Pick a single colony and inoculate it into seawater 2216 liquid medium to obtain seed culture. Inoculate 5% of the seed culture into a small fermenter. When the effective viable count reaches 1×10⁻⁶, 8 When the concentration of CFU / mL is reached, fermentation is stopped to obtain thermophilic marine bacteria fermentation broth; (3) The fermentation liquid of Bacillus subtilis, fermentation liquid of Bacillus licheniformis, and fermentation liquid of thermophilic seaweed are mixed in a volume ratio of 1.8:1:0.5 to obtain the composting preparation.

[0028] Example 3 A composting agent for coniferous plant residues, the composting agent comprising Bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus licheniformis thermophilic seaweed Maribacter thermophilus The volume ratio of the three is 2.0:1:0.8.

[0029] Bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis The *Bacillus licheniformis* strain was deposited on November 25, 2025, at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), located at No. 3, Courtyard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, with accession number CGMCC No. 36767. Bacillus licheniformis It was deposited on June 27, 2025 at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), located at No. 3, Courtyard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, with accession number CGMCC No. 35039; the strain number of the thermophilic marine bacterium is CGMCC No. 1.12207, purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with an original deposit date of April 25, 2012.

[0030] A method for preparing a composting agent for coniferous plant residues includes the following steps: (1) After thawing, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis were inoculated into LB medium for activation culture. After activation culture, the mycelial cakes of each strain were picked and added to LB liquid medium at an inoculation rate of 1.5% for fermentation culture. When the number of effective viable bacteria in the liquid medium reached 1×10⁻⁶, the fermentation culture was carried out. 8When the concentration of CFU / mL was reached, fermentation was stopped, and fermentation broths of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis were obtained, respectively. (2) After thawing the thermophilic marine bacteria, inoculate them into seawater 2216 agar medium for activation. Pick a single colony and inoculate it into seawater 2216 liquid medium to obtain seed culture. Inoculate 5% of the seed culture into a small fermenter. When the effective viable count reaches 1×10⁻⁶, 8 When the concentration of CFU / mL is reached, fermentation is stopped to obtain thermophilic marine bacteria fermentation broth; (3) The fermentation liquid of Bacillus subtilis, fermentation liquid of Bacillus licheniformis, and fermentation liquid of thermophilic seaweed are mixed in a volume ratio of 2.0:1:0.8 to obtain the composting preparation.

[0031] Comparative Example 1 Compared with Example 2, this comparative example is identical in all methods and steps except that the composting agent contains only Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis in a volume ratio of 2.0:1.

[0032] Comparative Example 2 Compared with Example 2, this comparative example is identical in all methods and steps except that the composting preparation contains only Bacillus subtilis and thermophilic marine bacteria in a volume ratio of 2.0:0.5.

[0033] Comparative Example 3 Compared with Example 2, this comparative example is identical in all methods and steps except that the composting preparation contains only Bacillus licheniformis and thermophilic marine bacteria in a volume ratio of 2:1.

[0034] Performance testing Application of the composting agent of this invention The specific applications of the composting agents prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 of this invention are as follows: (1) Raw material pretreatment: Pine wood chips and fir bark are mixed, dried, and pulverized to a particle size of 2-4 cm and a moisture content of 35%; fresh chicken manure is dried to a moisture content of 65%; peanut shells are dried to a moisture content of 25%; (2) Material mixing: Coniferous plant residues, fresh chicken manure, and peanut shells are mixed evenly according to their respective mass percentages to obtain a mixture; (3) Inoculation and adjustment of composting agent: The prepared composting agent is sprayed into the mixture, and the amount of composting agent added is 0.4% of the total mass of the mixture. The moisture content of the mixture is adjusted using inorganic nutrient solution. The inorganic nutrient solution contains 0.12% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.08% urea, and 0.015% magnesium sulfate by mass concentration; (4) Fermentation: The material prepared in step (3) is piled in strips with a pile height of 1.2 meters. The fermentation temperature is controlled to be less than 65°C, and the material moisture content is maintained between 45-65%. When the pile temperature exceeds 65°C, it is turned over to cool down. When the material moisture content is <45%, water is added. The pile is piled for 55-60 days; (5) Maturation and post-treatment: The seed germination rate of the material is detected. When the germination rate is >80%, the fermentation is terminated. The material moisture content is reduced to ≤35%, and the material is aged for 18 days to obtain the finished product. At the same time, two control groups are set up. CK1 uses the same raw materials but does not inoculate the composting agent prepared in this invention. It only undergoes conventional aerobic fermentation for 60 days. The rest is the same as the above application to obtain ordinary compost. CK2 uses straw instead of needle residue. The rest is the same as the above application. The materials after the different processing groups were stacked were tested, and the specific test results are shown in Table 1.

[0035] The methods for determining organic matter content and total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content refer to "Organic Fertilizers" (NY / T 525-2021); the method for determining specific surface area refers to "Determination of Specific Surface Area of ​​Solid Substances by Gas Adsorption BET Method" (GB / T 19587-2017); and the method for determining heavy metal Cd is as follows: 2+ Pb 2+ The adsorption capacity was fitted using the Langmuir isotherm adsorption model.

[0036] Table 1. Detection of indicators of composted materials in each treatment group The above data fully demonstrate that the composted materials prepared in Examples 1-3 of this invention are significantly superior to ordinary compost and non-coniferous residue raw material products in terms of organic matter content, heavy metal adsorption capacity, and specific surface area. The method described in this invention features stable processes, readily available raw materials, controllable costs, and multifunctional products, providing an effective solution for the high-value utilization of coniferous forest waste.

[0037] It should be noted that the above embodiments are merely some preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Obviously, based on the above embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A decomposition preparation for coniferous forest plant residues, characterized in that, The described composting preparation contains Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis ), Bacillus licheniformis ( Bacillus licheniformis ), and Thermophilic marine bacteria ( Maribacter thermophilus ), and the volume ratio of the three is (1.5 - 2.0):1:(0.3 - 0.8); The Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis ) was deposited at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center on November 25, 2025. The deposit address is: No. 3, Yard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing. The deposit number is CGMCC No. 36767; the Bacillus licheniformis ( Bacillus licheniformis ) was deposited at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center on June 27, 2025. The deposit address is: No. 3, Yard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing. The deposit number is CGMCC No. 35039; the Thermophilic marine bacterium ( Maribacter thermophilus ) has a strain number of CGMCC No. 1.12207 and was purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center.

2. The preparation method of the composting preparation for coniferous forest plant residues according to claim 1, characterized in that, including the following steps: (1) Thaw Bacillus licheniformis ( Bacillus licheniformis ) and Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis ), and then inoculate them into LB medium respectively for activation culture; after activation culture, pick the bacterial cakes of each strain and add them into LB liquid medium respectively for fermentation culture at an inoculum size of 1.5%. When the effective viable count in the liquid medium reaches 1×10 8 CFU / mL, stop fermentation to obtain the fermentation broth of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis respectively; (2) Thaw Thermophilic Marinobacterium ( Maribacter thermophilus ) and inoculate it into Marine 2216 agar medium for activation. Pick a single colony and inoculate it into Marine 2216 liquid medium to obtain the seed solution. Inoculate the seed solution into a small fermenter at a rate of 5%. When the effective viable cell count reaches 1×10 8 CFU / mL, stop fermentation to obtain the Thermophilic Marinobacterium fermentation broth; (3) Mix the obtained fermentation broth of Bacillus subtilis, fermentation broth of Bacillus licheniformis, and fermentation broth of Maribacter thermophilus in a volume ratio of (1.5 - 2.0):1:(0.3 - 0.8) to obtain a composting preparation.

3. Use of the decomposition preparation for coniferous forest plant residues according to claim 1 in fermenting and decomposing waste containing coniferous plant residues, characterized in that The addition amount of the composting preparation is 0.3 - 0.5% of the total mass of the waste containing coniferous plant residues; the waste containing coniferous plant residues contains 65 - 70% by mass of coniferous plant residues, 30 - 35% by mass of fresh chicken manure, and 3 - 5% by mass of peanut shells or corn silk by mass percentage.

4. Use of the preparation for decomposing coniferous forest plant residues according to claim 3 in fermenting and decomposing waste containing coniferous plant residues, characterized in that, The specific application steps include: (1) Raw material pretreatment: Dry and crush the coniferous plant residues to a particle size ≤ 5 cm and a moisture content < 40%; dry the fresh chicken manure to a moisture content < 70%; dry the peanut shells or corn silk to a moisture content < 30%; (2) Material mixing: Mix the coniferous plant residues, fresh chicken manure, and peanut shells or corn silk evenly according to each mass percentage to obtain a mixed material; (3) Inoculation and adjustment of the composting preparation: Spray the prepared composting preparation onto the mixed material, and adjust the moisture content of the mixed material to 60 - 65% using an inorganic nutrient solution; (4) Fermentation: Stack the material prepared in step (3) in a strip shape, with the stack height ≤ 1.5 meters, control the fermentation temperature below 65°C, maintain the moisture content of the material between 45 - 65%, and stack for 55 - 60 days; (5) Composting and post-treatment: Detect the seed germination rate of the material, terminate the fermentation when the germination rate > 80%, reduce the moisture content of the material to ≤ 35%, and age for 2 - 3 weeks.

5. Use of the composting preparation for coniferous forest plant residues according to claim 4 in fermenting and composting waste containing coniferous plant residues, characterized in that, The inorganic nutrient solution in step (3) contains potassium dihydrogen phosphate or calcium superphosphate with a mass concentration of 0.1 - 0.15%, urea with a mass concentration of 0.05 - 0.1%, and magnesium sulfate with a mass concentration of 0.01 - 0.02%.

6. Use of the composting preparation for coniferous forest plant residues according to claim 4 in fermenting and composting waste containing coniferous plant residues, characterized in that In step (4), when the stack temperature exceeds 65°C, turn and toss to cool down, and supplement water when the moisture content of the material < 45%.

7. Use of the composting preparation for coniferous forest plant residues according to claim 4 in fermenting and composting waste containing coniferous plant residues, characterized in that, In step (5), granulate the aged substrate or use it directly as a powder.

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