Transformer maintenance-free breathing dehumidification system and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a transformer maintenance-free breathing dehumidification system and a control method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of transformer operation and maintenance. A transformer maintenance-free breathing dehumidification system comprises a drying dehumidification assembly, a main body connecting assembly, a sensing module, a heating module, an on-off module and a control assembly. The control assembly obtains the flowing direction, the temperature and the humidity of gas when the transformer breathes through the sensing module, and controls the heating module and the on-off module to be matched for partitioned drying and dehumidification. A multi-layer isolation type drying bin structure is adopted, the air flow control logic which is conducted step by step from top to bottom is combined, a partition independent heating module and an intelligent temperature control strategy are introduced, and layer-by-layer independent drying regeneration of all the drying bins is achieved; under the working condition of rapid breathing of the transformer caused by severe fluctuation of the environment temperature, the control logic automatically interrupts heating of the drying bin and closes an airflow channel of the drying bin which is not dried completely, so that high-temperature moisture is prevented from directly flowing back into an oil conservator, and the risk that insulating oil is affected with damp is eradicated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of transformer operation and maintenance technology, specifically relating to a maintenance-free transformer dehumidification system and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] Transformer breathing is a physical phenomenon caused by thermal expansion and contraction: When the transformer load increases or the ambient temperature rises, the oil volume increases, the air pressure inside the oil conservator rises, the oil expands, and it exhales, expelling excess air into the atmosphere. When the temperature decreases or the load decreases, the oil volume shrinks, a negative pressure is generated inside the oil conservator, the oil contracts, and it draws in air, requiring air from the outside to balance the pressure.

[0003] The function of a dehumidifier is to force outside air through a filter during the intake process, removing moisture and impurities and preventing transformer oil from becoming damp and deteriorating. Currently, there are two main types of dehumidifiers: the traditional capsule type and the single-tank type, which are the most common. Air enters from the bottom, passes through the oil cup filter, then through the silica gel layer, and finally enters the transformer oil conservator. Once the silica gel absorbs moisture and changes color, it must be manually replaced or dried for maintenance. If the oil level in the oil cup is too high or it freezes at low temperatures, it may cause poor airflow or even malfunction of the pressure relief valve. The other type is a product of recent technological upgrades, such as a Chinese patent application (CN202410590018.5) that discloses a dehumidifier for transformers with a built-in heating module and humidity sensor. When the silica gel is detected to be saturated with moisture, it automatically starts heating to evaporate and remove the moisture from the silica gel, restoring it for recycling.

[0004] However, in actual use, it has been found that in the various mainstream side-intake dehumidifiers, after absorbing moisture, the silica gel particles tend to have higher humidity levels due to gravity and their distance from the air outlet. The particles closer to the air outlet and at the bottom tend to have higher humidity, while those closer to the top tend to have lower humidity. The distribution of the heaters, heating time, and heating power significantly affect the dehumidification efficiency and the uniform drying process of the silica gel particles. This can easily lead to overheating of the silica gel particles at the top, shortening their lifespan. Simply using zoned heating can also cause moisture to diffuse towards the dry silica gel particles, affecting the dehumidification efficiency.

[0005] Moreover, when faced with extreme weather conditions such as sudden changes in temperature, especially when the weather changes rapidly in a short period of time between scorching summer sun and torrential rain, the transformer's breathing changes rapidly, which can easily lead to excessive humidity in the air entering the oil tank. Therefore, how to balance dehumidification efficiency with the lifespan of silica gel particles, better cope with the dehumidification work of transformer intake in various scenarios, and ultimately achieve the goal of maintenance-free operation is a problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a maintenance-free ventilation and dehumidification system for transformers and its control method, which addresses the problem that the humidity of the air entering the oil conservator is easily exceeded when the transformer's breathing state changes rapidly.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A maintenance-free dehumidification system for transformers includes: a drying and dehumidification component, a main connecting component, a sensing module, a heating module, an on / off module, and a control component; one end of the main connecting component is connected to the transformer oil tank air port flange through a breathing channel at its top, and the other end is connected to the outside atmosphere through a breathing drain port; The drying and dehumidifying component located inside the main connecting assembly includes a breathing connecting tube and several drying chambers arranged in a layered and isolated manner; the drying chambers are equipped with heating modules for heating and drying the dehumidifying silica gel particles; the breathing connecting tube is equipped with several on / off modules; Outside air enters the main connecting assembly through the breathing drain, then enters the drying chamber from the side for dehumidification, and is then connected to the breathing channel through the breathing connecting pipe in a step-by-step manner from top to bottom; the control assembly obtains the flow direction, temperature and humidity of the gas during transformer breathing through the sensing module, and controls the heating module and the on / off module to cooperate in performing zoned drying and dehumidification.

[0008] Furthermore, the drying and dehumidifying assembly also includes an upper support, an isolation cover, and a lower support; the open top end of the breathing connecting tube is snapped and fixed to the upper support, and the closed bottom end is detachably and fixedly connected to the lower support; several drying chambers are arranged in layers between the isolation cover and the breathing connecting tube; each drying chamber is independently equipped with a heating module and filled with dehumidifying silica gel particles; several breathing holes are opened on the sides of the isolation cover and the breathing connecting tube.

[0009] Furthermore, the main connecting assembly includes a fixed upper support, a fixed lower support, a housing, and a condenser cover; the housing and the condenser cover are coaxially arranged, and their upper and lower ends are respectively sealed and fixedly connected to the fixed upper support and the fixed lower support; a breathing channel is provided inside the fixed upper support; one end of the breathing channel is connected to the transformer oil conservator air port through a flange, and the other end is connected to the top of the breathing connecting pipe; a breathing drain port is provided at the bottom of the fixed lower support.

[0010] Furthermore, the control component includes a central processing module, an output indicator module, a power supply module, and a wireless communication module; the central processing module is electrically connected to the sensing module, heating module, on / off module, output indicator module, and wireless communication module respectively; the power supply module provides operating power for the entire system; the central processing module receives signals from the sensing module and controls the operation of the heating module and on / off module, while displaying the status through the output indicator module and interacting with an external monitoring terminal through the wireless communication module.

[0011] Furthermore, the heating module is a PTC heating element; each drying chamber is provided with at least 3 PTC heating elements; the PTC heating elements are uniformly fixed around the circumference of the breathing connection tube.

[0012] Furthermore, the fixed upper support is provided with maintenance pipeline channels that are respectively connected to the breathing channel, the drying and dehumidification component, the inspection port and the control component; the inspection port is detachably and sealed to the side of the fixed upper support through an inspection cover plate.

[0013] Furthermore, the sensing module includes a first temperature and humidity sensor and a differential pressure sensor disposed at the breathing channel, and a second temperature and humidity sensor fixedly disposed at the bottom of the drying and dehumidifying component toward the breathing drain outlet; the first temperature and humidity sensor, the second temperature and humidity sensor and the differential pressure sensor are all electrically connected to the control component.

[0014] Furthermore, a filter screen is provided at the breathing drain outlet; a heating pad is provided on the circumferential side of the filter screen on the fixed lower support surface, and the heating pad is electrically connected to the control component; a fixing pad is detachably connected to the bottom of the fixed lower support; the filter screen and the heating pad are placed between the bottom of the fixed lower support and the fixing pad to achieve a clamping and fixing connection.

[0015] Furthermore, the condenser cover is a transparent glass cover; an observation window is axially opened on the side of the outer shell; Preferably, the side area of ​​the outer casing, excluding the observation window, is provided with several ventilation louvers.

[0016] A control method for a transformer maintenance-free breathing dehumidification system, implemented using the aforementioned transformer maintenance-free breathing dehumidification system, includes the following steps: The data acquisition steps include obtaining the pressure difference in the breathing channel in real time through a differential pressure sensor to determine whether the transformer is currently in an inhalation or exhalation state; The first temperature and humidity sensor obtains the ambient humidity H1 at the breathing channel, and the second temperature and humidity sensor obtains the humidity H2 and temperature T2 at the breathing drain outlet. The mode decision-making steps include the control component receiving the above data and executing the corresponding working mode according to the following priorities: Alarm mode: If H1 is greater than the alarm humidity threshold and the current state is air intake, an alarm message will be sent to the external monitoring terminal immediately through the wireless communication module, and the output indicator module will be driven to issue a local audible and visual alarm. Auxiliary heating mode: If the current state is inhalation and T2 is less than the set temperature threshold, the heating pad will be activated to provide timed auxiliary heating to the breathing drain, and the heating time will cover at least one complete inhalation-exhalation state switching cycle. Drying mode: If H1 is greater than the set humidity threshold and the current state is changing from inhalation to exhalation, the on / off control module and the heating module work together to perform a layer-by-layer heating and drying process for the dehumidifying silica gel particles from top to bottom. If multiple triggering conditions are met simultaneously, the alarm mode will be executed in the order of priority, which is greater than the auxiliary heating mode, which is greater than the drying mode. After the high-priority action is completed, the system will automatically return to the low-priority judgment.

[0017] Furthermore, the drying mode includes: Layer isolation: The control component first operates the on / off module to isolate the breathing connection pipe at the first drying chamber from the breathing connection pipe at the second drying chamber, so that the first drying chamber is connected to the transformer oil tank alone. Layer heating: The heating module in the first drying chamber is activated to heat and dry the dehumidifying silica gel particles in that layer, and the water vapor is carried away by the exhaled airflow. Layer switching: When H2 is less than or equal to the outlet humidity threshold, the first layer heating module is turned off; the on / off module is operated to connect the breathing connection tube at the first layer drying chamber to the breathing connection tube at the second layer drying chamber, disconnect the breathing connection tube at the second layer drying chamber from the breathing connection tube at the third layer drying chamber, and start the second layer drying chamber heating module. The process is iterated and the switching steps are sequentially switched downwards according to the logic of the layer switching steps until the last layer of the drying chamber is dried. In the process of drying in the drying chambers layer by layer, if the transformer suddenly switches to the intake state, the heating will be immediately suspended and the current on / off state will be maintained. After switching back to the exhalation state, the drying process will be executed again until all layers of the drying chambers are dried.

[0018] Compared with existing technologies, this invention adopts a multi-layer isolated drying chamber structure, which avoids the problem of a large number of silica gel particles absorbing moisture and concentrating at the bottom of the drying chamber. The partitioned and uniform heating helps to extend the life of the silica gel particles. Combined with the airflow control logic that guides the flow from top to bottom, it introduces independent heating modules for each zone and intelligent temperature control strategy to achieve independent and efficient drying and regeneration of each drying chamber layer by layer. When faced with the condition that the transformer breathes rapidly due to drastic fluctuations in ambient temperature, the control logic automatically interrupts the heating of the drying chamber and closes the airflow passage of the drying chamber that has not been dried, preventing high temperature and moisture from directly flowing back into the oil tank and eliminating the risk of moisture absorption of the insulating oil. At the same time, the drying chamber that has been dried is allowed to participate in the air intake dehumidification work, so as to quickly establish a stable dehumidification channel. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 : A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 : One of the axial cross-sectional structural schematic diagrams of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 : A second schematic diagram of the axial cross-sectional structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 : A cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 : A schematic diagram of the radial cross-sectional structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 6 : A three-dimensional structural diagram of the drying and dehumidifying component of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 7 : A three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the drying and dehumidifying component of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 8 : Schematic diagram of the fixed upper support structure in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 9 : Schematic diagram of the fixed lower support structure in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; The components include: a drying and dehumidification assembly 1, a breathing connection pipe 11, a drying chamber 12, an upper support pad 13, an isolation cover 14, a lower support pad 15, a layered isolation plate 16, a main body connection assembly 2, a breathing channel 21, a fixed upper support 22, a fixed lower support 23, an outer shell 24, a condenser cover 25, a breathing drain outlet 26, a filter screen 261, a heating pad 262, a fixing pad 263, a maintenance pipeline channel 27, a maintenance port 271, a maintenance cover 272, a ventilation louver structure 28, an observation window 29, a sensing module 3, a first temperature and humidity sensor 31, a differential pressure sensor 32, a second temperature and humidity sensor 33, a heating module 4, an on / off module 5, a control assembly 6, a central processing module 61, an output indication module 62, a power supply module 63, and a wireless communication module 64. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To better understand the present invention, the following embodiments further illustrate the content of the invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. Numerous specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a more thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be practiced without one or more of these details.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms such as "upper," "lower," and "top," "bottom," etc., is generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention; the directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0023] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0024] Example 1, see Figure 1-8 , A maintenance-free dehumidification system for transformers includes: a drying and dehumidification component 1, a main body connection component 2, a sensing module 3, a heating module 4, an on / off module 5, and a control component 6; one end of the main body connection component 2 is connected to the transformer oil tank air port flange through a breathing channel 21 at its top, and the other end is connected to the outside atmosphere through a breathing drain port 26. The drying and dehumidifying assembly 1, located inside the main connecting assembly 2, includes a breathing connecting pipe 11 and several drying chambers 12 arranged in a layered and isolated manner; a heating module 4 for heating and drying the dehumidifying silica gel particles is provided in the drying chamber 12; several on / off modules 5 are provided on the breathing connecting pipe 11; the on / off modules are solenoid valves.

[0025] Outside air enters the main body connecting assembly 2 through the breathing drain 26, and then enters the drying chamber 12 from the side for dehumidification. After dehumidification, it is connected to the breathing channel 21 through the breathing connecting pipe 11 in a step-by-step manner from top to bottom. The control assembly 6 obtains the flow direction and temperature and humidity of the gas when the transformer breathes through the sensing module 3, and controls the heating module 4 and the on / off module 5 to cooperate in performing zoned drying and dehumidification.

[0026] The dehumidification and drying assembly 1 further includes an upper support 13, an isolation cover 14, and a lower support 15. The open top end of the breathing connection pipe 11 is snapped and fixed to the upper support 13, and the closed bottom end is detachably fixed to the lower support 15. This design not only facilitates the assembly of the assembly but also improves the reliability of the connection. Between the breathing connection pipe 11 and the isolation cover 14, three layers can be separated by a layered isolation plate 16, or two or more layers of drying chambers 12 can be designed according to actual needs. Each drying chamber 12 is independent of each other, ensuring the hierarchical and efficient dehumidification process. Each drying chamber 12 is independently equipped with a heating module 4 and filled with dehumidifying silica gel particles. Several breathing holes are opened on the sides of the isolation cover 14 and the breathing connection pipe 11. Outside air flows through the breathing drain 26, the breathing holes on the side of the isolation cover 14, the dehumidifying silica gel particles, the breathing holes on the side of the breathing connection pipe 11, and the internal channel of the breathing connection pipe 11 to the transformer oil conservator in a forward or reverse direction, completing the transformer breathing dehumidification work.

[0027] The heating module 4 is a PTC heating element; the PTC heating element is a self-limiting heater. When the temperature rises to a specific threshold, the resistance increases exponentially, becoming extremely high, resulting in extremely low current and a significant reduction in heat generation. At this point, it enters an automatic constant-temperature state, neither continuing to heat up nor completely cooling down. This effectively avoids the risk of silica gel breakage and pulverization due to localized overheating while drying the heated silica gel particles. Each drying chamber 12 is equipped with at least three PTC heating elements; these PTC heating elements are evenly fixed around the circumference of the breathing connection tube 11, ensuring uniform heating.

[0028] The main connecting assembly 2 includes a fixed upper support 22, a fixed lower support 23, a housing 24, and a condenser hood 25. The housing 24 and the condenser hood 25 are coaxially arranged, with their upper and lower ends respectively sealed and fixedly connected to the fixed upper support 22 and the fixed lower support 23, ensuring the airtightness and structural stability of the system. A breathing channel 21 is provided inside the fixed upper support 22; one end of the breathing channel 21 is connected to the transformer oil conservator air inlet via a flange, and the other end is connected to the top of the breathing connecting pipe 11. A breathing drain outlet 26 is provided at the bottom of the fixed lower support 23. The condenser hood 25 is a transparent glass cover; an observation window 29 is axially opened on the side of the housing 24, allowing operators to visually observe the color change of the internal silica gel, thereby determining its working status. As an optional implementation, several ventilation louvers 28 are provided on the side area of ​​the outer casing other than the observation window 29 to ensure air circulation, prevent debris from accidentally colliding with the condenser hood 25, and at the same time, to shade the condenser hood 25, ventilate and cool it down, thereby increasing the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the condenser hood 25, so that the water vapor generated in the drying mode can quickly release heat and liquefy on the inner wall of the condenser hood 25, forming condensate water that flows out from the inner wall of the condenser hood 25 through the breather drain 26.

[0029] See Figure 9 The control component 6 includes a central processing module 61, an output indicator module 62, a power supply module 63, and a wireless communication module 64. The central processing module 61 is electrically connected to the sensing module 3, the heating module 4, the on / off module 5, the output indicator module 62, and the wireless communication module 64. The power supply module 63 provides operating power for the entire system. The central processing module 61 receives signals from the sensing module 3 and controls the heating module 4 and the on / off module 5 to operate. At the same time, it displays the status through the output indicator module 62 and interacts with an external monitoring terminal through the wireless communication module 64.

[0030] As an optional implementation, the fixed upper support 22 has a maintenance pipeline channel 27 that connects to the breathing channel 21, the drying and dehumidifying component 1, the inspection port 271, and the control component 6. The inspection port 271 is detachably and sealed to the side of the fixed upper support 22 via an inspection cover 272. The presence of the inspection port 271 facilitates the maintenance of the sensing module 3. By wiring through the built-in maintenance pipeline channel 27 and then sealing the maintenance pipeline channel 27, the risk of exposure to the seal can be reduced, lowering the probability of safety accidents caused by the accidental entry of excessively humid air.

[0031] The sensing module 3 includes a first temperature and humidity sensor 31 and a differential pressure sensor 32 disposed at the breathing channel 21, and a second temperature and humidity sensor 33 fixedly disposed at the bottom of the drying and dehumidifying component toward the breathing drain outlet; the first temperature and humidity sensor 31, the second temperature and humidity sensor 33 and the differential pressure sensor 32 are all electrically connected to the control component 6.

[0032] As an optional implementation, a filter screen 261 is provided at the breathing drain outlet 26 to prevent debris from entering the system. A heating pad 262 is provided on the circumferential side of the filter screen 261 on the fixed lower support surface, and the heating pad 262 is electrically connected to the control component 6. A fixing pad 263 is detachably connected to the bottom of the fixed lower support 23. The filter screen 261 and the heating pad 262 are clamped and fixed between the bottom of the fixed lower support 23 and the fixing pad 263. The bottom heating pad 262 effectively prevents the filter screen 261 from freezing and clogging in low-temperature environments, ensuring reliable operation in extremely cold regions.

[0033] A control method for a transformer maintenance-free breathing dehumidification system, implemented using the aforementioned transformer maintenance-free breathing dehumidification system, includes the following steps: The data acquisition steps include obtaining the pressure difference of the breathing channel 21 in real time through the differential pressure sensor 32 to determine whether the transformer is currently in the inhalation or exhalation state; the positive pressure end of the differential pressure sensor 32 is set on the side of the breathing channel 21 near the air port of the transformer oil conservator, and the other negative pressure end is set towards the breathing connection tube 11. Air intake state determination: When the ambient temperature drops suddenly or the load decreases, the transformer oil temperature drops, the oil volume shrinks, the internal space of the oil conservator increases, and the air pressure decreases. At this time, the air pressure inside the oil conservator is lower than the external atmospheric pressure. The differential pressure sensor 32 detects a negative difference value, and the control component determines that the transformer is in an air intake state, drawing air from the outside.

[0034] Exhalation state determination: When the ambient temperature rises or the load increases, the transformer oil temperature rises, the oil volume expands, compressing the gas inside the oil conservator and increasing the gas pressure. At this time, the gas pressure inside the oil conservator is higher than the external atmospheric pressure. The differential pressure sensor 32 detects a positive difference, and the control component 6 determines that the transformer is in an exhalation state, releasing gas to the outside.

[0035] The ambient humidity H1 at the breathing channel is obtained by the first temperature and humidity sensor 31, reflecting the relative humidity of the gas entering the transformer oil tank. The humidity H2 at the breathing drain outlet 26 is obtained by the second temperature and humidity sensor 33, reflecting the current dehumidification effect. The temperature T2 is used to judge the risk of condensation and the heating requirement.

[0036] The mode decision-making steps include: control component 6 receiving the above data and executing the corresponding working mode according to the following priorities: Alarm mode: If H1 is greater than the alarm humidity threshold and the current state is inhalation, an information alarm will be immediately sent to the external monitoring terminal through the wireless communication module 64. At the same time, the output indicator module 62 will be driven to issue a local audible and visual alarm to continuously alert the on-site personnel. When H1 falls below the set threshold and a complete breathing cycle is completed, the alarm mode will automatically exit.

[0037] Auxiliary heating mode: If the current state is inhalation and T2 is less than the set temperature threshold, the heating pad 262 will be activated to provide timed auxiliary heating to the breathing drain outlet 26. The heating duration covers at least one complete inhalation-exhalation state switching cycle to ensure that the low-temperature moisture is fully heated before being discharged, preventing condensation from accumulating at the filter 262 and avoiding clogging of the breathing exhaust outlet 26, which could cause safety risks.

[0038] Drying mode: If H1 is greater than the set humidity threshold and the current state changes from inhalation to exhalation, the on / off control module 5 and the heating module 4 work together to perform a layer-by-layer heating and drying process for the dehumidifying silica gel particles from top to bottom. If multiple triggering conditions are met simultaneously, the alarm mode will be executed in the order of priority, which is greater than the auxiliary heating mode, which is greater than the drying mode. After the high-priority action is completed, the system will automatically return to the low-priority judgment.

[0039] Furthermore, the drying mode includes: In the layer isolation, the control component 6 first operates the on / off module 5 to disconnect the breathing connection pipe 11 at the first drying chamber 12 from the breathing connection pipe 11 at the second drying chamber 12, so that the first drying chamber 12 is connected to the transformer oil tank alone; at this time, the other layers are isolated, and only the first drying chamber participates in the current drying process.

[0040] Layer heating: The heating module 4 in the first drying chamber 12 is activated to heat and dry the dehumidifying silica particles in this layer. In the exhalation state, the hot airflow inside the transformer oil conservator, together with the PTC heating plate, actively heats the silica particles in a dual heat source form to promote the regeneration of silica particles. Layer switching: when H2 is less than or equal to the outlet humidity threshold, the first layer drying is determined to be complete; the first layer heating module 4 is turned off; the on / off module 5 is operated to connect the breathing connection pipe 11 at the first layer drying chamber 12 to the breathing connection pipe 11 at the second layer drying chamber 12, disconnect the breathing connection pipe 11 at the second layer drying chamber 12 from the breathing connection pipe 11 at the third layer drying chamber 12, and start the heating module 4 at the second layer drying chamber 12; The process iterates through the layers, switching sequentially downwards until the last drying chamber 12 is dried. Then, all on / off modules 5 are restored to their normally open state, and the system returns to its normal operating mode.

[0041] As an optional implementation, state interruption processing is performed. If the transformer suddenly switches to the intake state during the drying process of the drying chamber 12, the heating is immediately suspended and the current on / off state is maintained. After switching back to the exhalation state, the drying mode process is executed again until all layers of the drying chamber 12 are dried.

[0042] As an optional implementation, state interruption processing is performed. If the transformer suddenly switches to the intake state during the drying process of the layer-by-layer drying chamber 12, the heating is immediately suspended and the current on / off state is maintained. After switching back to the exhalation state, the drying mode process continues until all layers of the drying chamber 12 are dried.

[0043] To address the issue of insufficient overall processing capacity of traditional equipment under sudden high humidity loads, this invention employs a multi-layered isolated drying chamber structure, supporting independent zone control and emergency dehumidification modes, significantly improving the system's ability to cope with extreme operating conditions. Under normal operating conditions, airflow enters each drying chamber 12 from the side, dehumidifies through silica gel particles layer by layer, and then enters the transformer oil conservator through the channel formed by the breathing connection pipe 11, achieving balanced utilization of the silica gel. When the dehumidifying silica gel particles encounter rapid breathing or high humidity environments during heating and dehumidification, especially during the rapid alternation of hot summer weather followed by heavy rain, the system automatically activates emergency response. It prioritizes the use of the upper drying chamber 12, which has just been dried and has the strongest drying capacity, as the first line of defense to quickly intercept a large amount of moisture. At the same time, it isolates the water vapor that has just been heated and has not yet dissipated or condensed from the lower layer of the dehumidification system, preventing it from directly entering the transformer oil conservator along the breathing connection pipe 11 and causing safety risks. Even if the water vapor is not completely discharged, it can only enter through the side of the upper open drying chamber 12 under the attraction of negative pressure. After being dehumidified by the dried dehumidifying silica gel particles, it enters the breathing connection pipe 11 and flows into the transformer oil conservator.

[0044] This invention addresses the problems exhibited in existing mainstream side-intake dehumidification intelligent respirators during actual operation, such as uneven silica gel moisture absorption, low heating and regeneration efficiency, and delayed response under extreme conditions. Particularly concerning are the serious hazards of insufficient dehumidification and moisture intrusion into the oil conservator caused by frequent transformer breathing and rapid airflow during sudden temperature changes. This invention achieves efficient, safe, and maintenance-free operation in complex and variable environments through an innovative multi-layered isolated drying chamber structure and high-speed intelligent control logic based on breathing status. Key advantages include rapid mode switching under extreme conditions, strong zoned emergency dehumidification capability, and complete elimination of the risk of critically escaping water vapor directly entering the oil conservator during heating, while simultaneously isolating the zones.

[0045] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Any other modifications or equivalent substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention, as long as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A transformer maintenance-free breathing dehumidification system, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a kind of transformer drying and dehumidifying device, including: Dry dehumidification assembly, main body connecting assembly, sensing module, heating module, on-off module and control assembly;The main body connecting assembly is connected with transformer oil pillow gas port flange through the breathing channel in its top at one end, and is communicated with outside atmosphere through breathing drainage port at the other end; The dry dehumidification assembly placed in the main body connecting assembly includes breathing connecting pipe and several dry bins distributed in layers;The dry bin is provided with heating module for heating and drying silica gel particles;Several on-off modules are provided on the breathing connecting pipe; Outside atmosphere enters the inside of the main body connecting assembly through the breathing drainage port, and then enters dry bin from the side of the dry bin after dehumidification, and is communicated by the breathing connecting pipe and the breathing channel from top to bottom in stages;The control assembly obtains the flow direction and temperature and humidity of gas when transformer breathes through the sensing module, and controls heating module and on-off module to cooperate to carry out partition drying and dehumidification.

2. A transformer-free breathing dehumidification system according to claim 1, wherein: The dry dehumidification assembly further includes upper supporting pad, isolation cover and lower supporting pad;The open top end of the breathing connecting pipe is clamped and fixed on the upper supporting pad, and the closed bottom end is detachably fixedly connected with the lower supporting pad;Several dry bins are arranged in layers between the isolation cover and the breathing connecting pipe;Each of the dry bins is independently provided with a heating module and dehumidification silica gel particles filled therein;The isolation cover and the breathing connecting pipe are provided with several breathing holes on the side.

3. The transformer-free breathing dehumidification system of claim 1, wherein: The main body connecting assembly includes fixed upper support, fixed lower support, shell and condensation cover;The shell and the condensation cover are coaxially arranged, and the upper and lower ends are sealingly and fixedly connected with the fixed upper support and the fixed lower support respectively;The fixed upper support is provided with a breathing channel;One end of the breathing channel is communicated with the transformer oil pillow gas port through the flange, and the other end is communicated with the top end of the breathing connecting pipe;The fixed lower support is provided with a breathing drainage port at the bottom.

4. The transformer-free breathing dehumidification system of claim 1, wherein: The control assembly includes central processing module, output indication module, power module and wireless communication module;The central processing module is electrically connected with the sensing module, the heating module, the on-off module, the output indication module and the wireless communication module respectively;The power module provides working power for the whole system;The central processing module receives the signal of the sensing module and controls the action of the heating module and the on-off module, displays the state through the output indication module, and interacts with the external monitoring terminal through the wireless communication module.

5. The transformer-free breathing dehumidification system of claim 1, wherein: The heating module is PTC heating sheet;Each of the dry bins is provided with at least three PTC heating sheets;The PTC heating sheets are fixedly arranged uniformly around the circumference of the breathing connecting pipe.

6. A transformer-free breathing dehumidification system according to claim 3, wherein: The fixed upper support is provided with an inspection pipeline channel, which is communicated with the breathing channel, the dry dehumidification assembly, the inspection opening and the control assembly respectively;The inspection opening is detachably and sealingly connected to the side of the fixed upper support through the inspection cover plate.

7. The transformer-less breathing dehumidification system of claim 1, wherein: The sensing module includes first temperature and humidity sensor and differential pressure sensor arranged at the breathing channel, and second temperature and humidity sensor fixedly arranged at the bottom of the dry dehumidification assembly towards the direction of breathing drainage port;The first temperature and humidity sensor, the second temperature and humidity sensor and the differential pressure sensor are electrically connected with the control assembly.

8. A transformer-free breathing dehumidification system according to claim 3, wherein: The filter screen is provided at the respiratory drainage port; the circumferential side of the filter screen is provided with a heating pad on the bottom surface of the fixed lower support, and the heating pad is electrically connected with the control assembly; the bottom of the fixed lower support is detachably connected with a fixed pad; the filter screen and the heating pad are clamped and fixedly connected between the bottom of the fixed lower support and the fixed pad; the condensing cover is a transparent glass cover; an observation window is axially formed in the side surface of the shell; a plurality of ventilation louver structures are arranged on the side surface of the shell except the observation window.

9. A control method of a transformer maintenance-free breathing dehumidification system, implemented by using the transformer maintenance-free breathing dehumidification system according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: The data acquisition step comprises acquiring the pressure difference of the respiratory passage in real time by the differential pressure sensor to determine whether the transformer is currently in the inhalation or exhalation state; The ambient humidity H1 at the respiratory passage is acquired by the first temperature and humidity sensor, and the humidity H2 and the temperature T2 at the respiratory drainage port are acquired by the second temperature and humidity sensor; The mode decision step comprises that the control assembly receives the above data and executes the corresponding working mode according to the following priority: The alarm mode: if H1 is greater than the alarm humidity threshold value and the current state is inhalation, immediately send information alarm to the external monitoring terminal through the wireless communication module, and drive the output indication module to issue local sound and light alarm; The auxiliary heating mode: if the current state is inhalation and T2 is less than the set temperature threshold value, start the heating pad to perform timed auxiliary heating at the respiratory drainage port, and the heating time covers at least one complete inhalation-exhalation state switching cycle; The drying mode: if H1 is greater than the set humidity threshold value and the current state changes from inhalation to exhalation, control the on-off module and the heating module to cooperate to execute the process of heating and drying the dehumidifying silica gel particles from top to bottom layer by layer; If multiple trigger conditions are met at the same time, execute according to the priority order of alarm mode> auxiliary heating mode> drying mode, and return to the low priority judgment after the high priority action is completed.

10. A transformer maintenance-free breathing dehumidification method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The drying mode comprises: Layer isolation: the control assembly first operates the on-off module to disconnect the respiratory connecting pipe at the first layer drying bin from the respiratory connecting pipe at the second layer drying bin, so that the first layer drying bin is independently communicated with the transformer oil pillow; Layer heating: start the heating module in the first layer drying bin to heat and dry the dehumidifying silica gel particles in the layer, and the water vapor is carried away by the exhalation airflow; Layer switching: when H2 is less than or equal to the outlet humidity threshold value, close the first layer heating module; operate the on-off module to connect the respiratory connecting pipe at the first layer drying bin with the respiratory connecting pipe at the second layer drying bin, and disconnect the respiratory connecting pipe at the second layer drying bin from the respiratory connecting pipe at the third layer drying bin; start the second layer drying bin heating module; Cyclic iteration: sequentially switch down according to the logic of the layer switching step until the last layer drying bin completes drying; State interruption processing: during the drying process of the layer-by-layer drying bin, if the transformer suddenly changes to the inhalation state, immediately pause the heating and keep the current on-off state, and then execute the drying process again after the transformer changes to the exhalation state again until all layers of drying bins are dried.

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