Gain balanced waveguide antenna and implementation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a gain balanced waveguide antenna, which comprises an antenna reflecting plate, an antenna PCB is arranged on the surface of one side of the antenna reflecting plate, and antenna arrays in array distribution are arranged on the surface of one side, deviating from the antenna reflecting plate, of the antenna PCB; the antenna oscillator is electrically connected with the antenna PCB, the antenna PCB is fixedly connected with the antenna reflecting plate, the antenna oscillator is made of copper, aluminum or copper alloy materials, the antenna PCB made of polytetrafluoroethylene-based high-frequency microwave plates is matched, and compared with a traditional scheme of adopting common metal and low-and-medium-frequency plates, the antenna oscillator has the advantages that the antenna oscillator is made of copper, aluminum or copper alloy materials, and the antenna PCB is made of polytetrafluoroethylene-based high-frequency microwave plates. Performance differences among array elements can be effectively reduced, gain fluctuation caused by material characteristics is reduced, and a good foundation is laid for antenna gain balance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of antenna design technology, specifically relating to a gain-balanced waveguide antenna and its implementation method. Background Technology

[0002] In microwave communication and radar systems, the gain balance of waveguide antennas directly affects signal transmission quality and system stability. For example, in devices such as 5G base stations and phased array radars, the gain fluctuation of the antenna array needs to be controlled within a certain range. Therefore, the gain characteristics of waveguide antennas need to be optimized. Currently, most existing design schemes use conventional materials and empirical structural parameters. However, improper material selection (such as using aluminum materials for array elements and using low-frequency board materials for PCBs) can lead to differences in array element performance. Unreasonable structural parameters (such as spacing not matching wavelength characteristics) can exacerbate gain fluctuations. High-precision compensation schemes either increase system complexity or are too costly, making them unsuitable for small and medium-sized enterprises and low-cost application scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a gain-balanced waveguide antenna to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a gain-balanced waveguide antenna, comprising: The device includes an antenna reflector, characterized in that: an antenna PCB is disposed on one side surface of the antenna reflector, and an array of antenna elements is disposed on the side surface of the antenna PCB facing away from the antenna reflector; the antenna elements are electrically connected to the antenna PCB, and the antenna PCB is fixedly connected to the antenna reflector.

[0005] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the antenna array is made of a metal material, namely copper, aluminum, or a copper alloy.

[0006] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the antenna PCB is a laminate made of polypropylene resin.

[0007] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the antenna elements are distributed in an equidistant array on the antenna PCB.

[0008] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the antenna PCB is tightly fitted to the antenna reflector without any gap, and the antenna reflector is used to fix the antenna PCB.

[0009] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the projected area of ​​the antenna reflector is the same as the projected area of ​​the antenna PCB, and the edges of the antenna reflector are aligned with the edges of the antenna PCB.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a gain-balanced waveguide antenna, which has the following advantages: I. This invention uses copper, aluminum, or copper alloy materials to make antenna elements, and combines them with a polytetrafluoroethylene high-frequency microwave board antenna PCB. Compared with the traditional solution that uses ordinary metals and low- and medium-frequency boards, it can effectively reduce the performance differences between array elements, reduce gain fluctuations caused by material characteristics, and lay a good foundation for antenna gain balance.

[0011] Second, by utilizing the equidistant array distribution of antenna elements on the antenna PCB, and setting the distance between the antenna PCB and the antenna reflector to half the center wavelength of the operating frequency band, combined with the structure where the projected area of ​​the reflector is larger than that of the PCB and the edges extend outward, the mutual coupling between array elements and interference of reflected signals can be reduced. Gain balance can be improved without complex compensation structures, making it suitable for low-cost application scenarios.

[0012] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for implementing a gain-balanced waveguide antenna, comprising: Obtain the radiation characteristics requirements of the target frequency band and the waveguide structure, and configure a contact probe array in the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure; A surface current distribution scan of the waveguide structure is performed to obtain current scan data. Based on the current scan data, the field strength distribution characteristics and phase delay region of the waveguide structure are extracted. The gain balance threshold required by the radiation characteristics is queried. Combined with the field strength distribution characteristics and phase delay region, the radiation boundary morphology adjustment operation of the waveguide structure is performed to generate the feed position coordinates of the contact probe array. The contact probe array is then displaced according to the feed position coordinates. Gain equalization processing is performed on the radiation boundary of the waveguide structure to obtain the processing result.

[0013] In one possible implementation of the second aspect, the arrangement of the contact probe array in the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure includes: A regional electromagnetic analysis was performed on the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure to obtain the electromagnetic distribution matrix. Based on the electromagnetic distribution matrix, the field strength distribution nodes in the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure are determined; Based on the field strength distribution nodes, a standing wave phase distribution map of the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure is constructed; Extract the equiphase delay lines from the standing wave phase distribution diagram, and divide the probe configuration sub-region of the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure according to the equiphase delay lines; Calculate the impedance matching coefficient corresponding to each sub-region in the probe configuration sub-region; Based on the impedance matching coefficient, determine the probe insertion depth in the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure; A contact probe array is configured in the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure, taking into account the probe configuration sub-region and the probe insertion depth.

[0014] In one possible implementation of the second aspect, extracting the field strength distribution characteristics and phase delay region of the waveguide structure based on the current scanning data includes: The current scan data is denoised to obtain denoised current scan data; The amplitude of the noise-reduced current scanning data is extracted to obtain the field strength amplitude matrix; Identify the peak points and gradient change bands in the field strength amplitude matrix, and combine the peak points and gradient change bands to generate the field strength distribution characteristics of the waveguide structure; Phase extraction is performed on the noise-reduced current scanning data to obtain a current phase distribution map; In the phase distribution spectrum, the phase hysteresis threshold and its corresponding hysteresis continuity region are marked, and the phase delay region of the waveguide structure is determined based on the hysteresis continuity region.

[0015] In one possible implementation of the second aspect, the parameter parsing process of the measurement requirement to obtain the measurement task parameters includes: The step of performing the radiation boundary topography adjustment operation on the waveguide structure to generate the feed position coordinates of the contact probe array further includes: Perform a radiation boundary topology adjustment operation on the waveguide structure to obtain the adjusted boundary topology; The adjusted boundary topography is scanned to obtain boundary topography point cloud data; Calculate the extreme value of point cloud curvature corresponding to the boundary topography point cloud data, and extract the deformation feature vertices in the boundary topography point cloud data based on the extreme value of point cloud curvature. Based on the deformation feature vertices, the probe contact target points corresponding to the contact probe array are determined; The probe contact point is subjected to coordinate mapping processing to generate the feed position coordinates of the contact probe array.

[0016] As can be seen, by configuring a contact probe array in the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure, this invention can reduce the attenuation and interference of electromagnetic signals during spatial propagation, and simultaneously acquire multi-dimensional energy distribution details within the radiation region, providing raw data support for subsequent gain balancing adjustments. Based on the current scanning data, this invention extracts the field strength distribution characteristics and phase delay region of the waveguide structure, directly capturing key characteristics in electromagnetic energy propagation and providing a characteristic basis for subsequent radiation boundary adjustments. By combining the field strength distribution characteristics, phase delay region, and gain balancing threshold, this invention performs radiation boundary morphology adjustment operations on the waveguide structure to generate the feed position coordinates of the contact probe array, effectively eliminating the problem of uneven energy distribution at the radiation boundary, making the energy coupling between the contact probe array and the waveguide more compatible, thereby significantly improving the balance of radiation gain and the stability of overall radiation performance. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a gain-balanced waveguide antenna three-dimensional structure proposed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the operation process for adjusting the radiation boundary morphology according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating a method for implementing a gain-balanced waveguide antenna according to an embodiment of the invention; In the diagram: 1. Antenna array; 2. Antenna PCB; 3. Antenna reflector. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Please see Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of a gain-balanced waveguide antenna three-dimensional structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. It includes an antenna reflector 3, which serves to fix the PCB to ensure flatness (rather than actual reflection). An antenna PCB 2 is disposed on one side surface of the antenna reflector 3, and an array of antenna elements 1 is disposed on the side surface of the antenna PCB 2 opposite to the antenna reflector 3. The antenna elements 1 are electrically connected to the antenna PCB 2, and the antenna PCB 2 is fixedly connected to the antenna reflector 3. The antenna elements 1 are made of metal, such as copper, aluminum, or a copper alloy, to ensure good conductivity and improve signal radiation efficiency. The antenna PCB 2 is a laminated board made of polypropylene resin. The double-sided board (0.76mm thick) uses the copper foil on the back of the PCB as the ground plane for reflection. The size of the feed element on the PCB is λ / 2 of the dielectric constant (optimized to 16.8mm). The optimized value of the element spacing λ (dielectric constant) is 42mm, which can meet the requirements of high-frequency signal transmission and reduce signal loss. The antenna elements 1 are distributed in an equidistant array on the antenna PCB2, which is beneficial to the uniform radiation of the signal. The antenna PCB2 and the antenna reflector 3 are tightly attached without gaps. The antenna reflector 3 is used to fix the antenna PCB2. The projected area of ​​the antenna reflector 3 is the same as the projected area of ​​the antenna PCB2, and the edge of the antenna reflector 3 is aligned with the edge of the antenna PCB2.

[0020] The working principle and usage process of a gain-balanced waveguide antenna of the present invention are as follows: When the waveguide antenna is working, the antenna array 1, made of metal materials such as copper, aluminum or copper alloy, serves as the core component for electromagnetic wave transmission and reception. Signal transmission and conversion are achieved through electrical connection with the antenna PCB2. The antenna PCB2 uses high-frequency microwave substrates such as polytetrafluoroethylene, which can efficiently transmit high-frequency signals and reduce signal loss. The antenna array 1 is evenly distributed on the antenna PCB2 to form a stable and uniform beam, enhancing the directivity of the signal. The antenna reflector 3 maintains a specific distance from the antenna PCB2, which is half the center wavelength of the working frequency band of the antenna array 1. This design allows the antenna reflector 3 to efficiently reflect the electromagnetic waves emitted by the antenna array 1, which are superimposed with the direct electromagnetic waves, improving signal gain. At the same time, the projected area of ​​the antenna reflector 3 is larger than that of the antenna PCB2, and the edges extend outward, which can further converge the reflected signal, avoid edge signal scattering, and achieve gain balance.

[0021] In use, first fix the antenna PCB2 and antenna reflector 3 at the preset distance to ensure that their positions are accurate. Then check whether the electrical connection between the antenna array 1 and the antenna PCB2 is stable to ensure smooth signal transmission. Then install the antenna in the required position, power the antenna and transmit signals through an external device. The antenna array 1 receives or transmits electromagnetic waves. After being processed by the antenna PCB2, the signal transmission and reception are balanced under the action of the antenna reflector 3. During use, the distance between the antenna reflector 3 and the antenna PCB2 can be checked according to the actual working frequency band to ensure that the antenna is always in the best working state.

[0022] See Figure 3 The diagram illustrates a method for implementing a gain-balanced waveguide antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprising: S1. Obtain the radiation characteristics requirements of the target frequency band of the waveguide antenna and the waveguide structure, and configure a contact probe array in the energy radiation area of ​​the waveguide structure.

[0023] This invention, by configuring a contact probe array in the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure, can reduce the attenuation and interference of electromagnetic signals during spatial propagation, and simultaneously acquire multi-dimensional energy distribution details within the radiation region, providing raw data support for subsequent gain balancing adjustments. The target frequency band is the operating frequency range of the waveguide antenna, such as the 26GHz millimeter-wave band commonly used in 5G communication scenarios. The radiation characteristic requirements are the radiation performance indicators of the target frequency band, such as requiring sidelobe levels ≤ -25dB and main lobe directional angle deviations not exceeding ±2°. The waveguide structure is the electromagnetic energy transmission carrier of the target frequency band, such as a rectangular metal cavity waveguide like the WR-28 model. Furthermore, the radiation characteristic requirements of the target frequency band and the waveguide structure can be obtained by consulting the waveguide antenna design specifications or through protocol interaction with the system control unit.

[0024] As an embodiment of the present invention, the step of configuring a contact probe array in the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure includes: A regional electromagnetic analysis was performed on the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure to obtain the electromagnetic distribution matrix. Based on the electromagnetic distribution matrix, the field strength distribution nodes in the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure are determined; Based on the field strength distribution nodes, a standing wave phase distribution map of the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure is constructed; Extract the equiphase delay lines from the standing wave phase distribution diagram, and divide the probe configuration sub-region of the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure according to the equiphase delay lines; Calculate the impedance matching coefficient corresponding to each sub-region in the probe configuration sub-region; Based on the impedance matching coefficient, determine the probe insertion depth in the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure; A contact probe array is configured in the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure, taking into account the probe configuration sub-region and the probe insertion depth.

[0025] The electromagnetic distribution matrix is ​​the complex electromagnetic field tensor data obtained from regional electromagnetic analysis of the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure, such as a 30×30 grid electric field intensity matrix calculated by finite element software. The field strength distribution nodes, based on the electromagnetic distribution matrix, determine the local maxima of the electric field amplitude in the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure, such as the peak field strength position on the center line of the wide side of a rectangular waveguide. The standing wave phase distribution map, based on the field strength distribution nodes, constructs a phase contour map of the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure, such as a phase distribution cloud map with π / 4 intervals. The equiphase delay lines are the... The line connecting points with the same phase value in the wave phase distribution diagram, such as a closed curve with a phase of π / 2; the probe configuration sub-region is a functional partition of the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure based on the equiphase delay lines, for example, dividing the region between two adjacent equiphase lines into a sub-region; the impedance matching coefficient is the normalized input impedance parameter corresponding to each sub-region in the probe configuration sub-region, for example, the impedance value of 0.8 + j0.2 calculated for a certain sub-region; the probe insertion depth is the physical insertion size of the probe in the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure determined based on the impedance matching coefficient, such as an insertion depth of 3.2 mm corresponding to the impedance matching coefficient.

[0026] Furthermore, the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure can be analyzed using finite element electromagnetic simulation software (such as ANSYS HFSS) to obtain an electromagnetic distribution matrix. Based on this matrix, the field strength distribution nodes of the waveguide structure's energy radiation region can be determined by calculating the magnitudes of the matrix elements and executing a peak detection algorithm (such as MATLAB's findpeaks function). Based on these field strength distribution nodes, the discrete phase data can be meshed using Kriging interpolation to construct a standing wave phase distribution map of the waveguide structure's energy radiation region. Isophase delay lines in the standing wave phase distribution map can be extracted by calling contour extraction functions from numerical analysis libraries (such as Python's Matplotlib contour function). Based on these isophase delay lines, edge... The boundary tracing algorithm defines the region between two adjacent equiphase lines as independent units, dividing the probe configuration sub-regions of the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure. The impedance matching coefficients corresponding to each sub-region in the probe configuration sub-regions can be calculated using transmission line theory formulas (such as matching formulas based on characteristic impedance and load impedance) combined with the Smith chart tool. Based on the impedance matching coefficients, the probe insertion depth of the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure is determined by querying pre-stored impedance-depth calibration curves (such as a table established experimentally to show the relationship between matching coefficients of 0.8-1.2 and depths of 1-3 mm). Combining the probe configuration sub-regions and the probe insertion depths, a contact probe array is configured in the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure, such as 16 probes arranged in a matrix in three adjacent sub-regions with insertion depths of 2 mm, 3 mm, and 2.5 mm, respectively.

[0027] S2. Perform a surface current distribution scan of the waveguide structure to obtain current scan data. Based on the current scan data, extract the field strength distribution characteristics and phase delay region of the waveguide structure.

[0028] This invention extracts the field strength distribution characteristics and phase delay region of the waveguide structure based on the current scanning data, directly capturing key characteristics in electromagnetic energy propagation and providing a feature basis for subsequent radiation boundary adjustment. The current scanning data is a set of raw signals obtained by scanning the surface current distribution of the waveguide structure, including the spatial coordinates of the scanning points and the corresponding current amplitude and phase. For example, 10,000 sets of (x, y, amplitude, phase) data are collected in a 10cm × 5cm scanning area with a step size of 0.5mm. The field strength distribution characteristics are the spatial distribution characteristics of the electromagnetic field strength of the waveguide structure, including the peak field strength. The location, intensity gradient variation, and distribution uniformity are considered, such as the three field strength peaks (amplitude up to 5A / m) appearing at the center of the wide side of the waveguide and the gradient variation band of 2% / mm in the edge region; the phase delay region is a continuous spatial region in which the current phase of the waveguide structure lags behind the theoretical value by more than a set threshold (such as 15°), such as a 3mm diameter area at the waveguide corner, where the phase generally lags by 20°-25°. Furthermore, a Hall sensor mounted on a three-axis precision displacement platform can be moved along the waveguide surface in 0.5mm steps to simultaneously record the scanning point coordinates and current signals to perform surface current distribution scanning of the waveguide structure and obtain current scanning data.

[0029] As an embodiment of the present invention, the step of extracting the field strength distribution characteristics and phase delay region of the waveguide structure based on the current scanning data includes: The current scan data is denoised to obtain denoised current scan data; The amplitude of the noise-reduced current scanning data is extracted to obtain the field strength amplitude matrix; Identify the peak points and gradient change bands in the field strength amplitude matrix, and combine the peak points and gradient change bands to generate the field strength distribution characteristics of the waveguide structure; Phase extraction is performed on the noise-reduced current scanning data to obtain a current phase distribution map; In the phase distribution spectrum, the phase hysteresis threshold and its corresponding hysteresis continuity region are marked, and the phase delay region of the waveguide structure is determined based on the hysteresis continuity region.

[0030] The noise-reduced current scan data is a set of signals that have undergone noise reduction processing to remove electromagnetic clutter and mechanical jitter interference from the current scan data. For example, current data with a signal-to-noise ratio improved by 20dB after 50Hz notch filtering. The field strength amplitude matrix is ​​a two-dimensional numerical array arranged in spatial coordinates after amplitude extraction from the noise-reduced current scan data. For example, in a 100×80 matrix, each element corresponds to the field strength amplitude (unit: A / m) at a certain point on the waveguide surface. The field strength peak point and the gradient change band are respectively the local maximum value location (e.g., a point with an amplitude of 6A / m and higher than the surrounding area) and the phase transition point in the field strength amplitude matrix. A band-shaped region with an amplitude change rate exceeding 5% / mm at adjacent points (such as a 2mm wide change band at the edge of a waveguide); the current phase distribution map is a phase spatial distribution image formed after phase extraction of the noise-reduced current scanning data, for example, a two-dimensional map using red and blue levels to represent the phase from 0° to 360°; the phase hysteresis threshold is a state in the phase distribution map where the phase lags behind the theoretical value by more than a preset limit (such as 15°), for example, the actual phase at a certain point lags behind the theoretical value by 22°; the hysteresis continuous region is a spatially connected region corresponding to the phase hysteresis threshold, such as a circular region with a diameter of 3mm composed of 20 adjacent threshold-exceeding points.

[0031] Furthermore, the current scan data can be denoised using a 10th-order Butterworth low-pass filter (cutoff frequency 500Hz) to obtain denoised current scan data. For example, after filtering out high-frequency electromagnetic interference, the signal fluctuation amplitude is reduced from ±0.8A / m to ±0.2A / m. The amplitude of the denoised current scan data can be extracted using a third-order bilinear interpolation algorithm to obtain a field strength amplitude matrix. For example, discrete scan points can be interpolated into a 200×150 two-dimensional numerical matrix, where each element corresponds to the field strength amplitude at a point on the waveguide surface. The peak field strength points in the field strength amplitude matrix can be identified using an 8-neighborhood local maximum search algorithm, and gradient change bands can be identified using first-order difference operations. Combining the peak field strength points and the gradient change bands, the results are integrated. Peak coordinates, amplitude, and gradient band boundary parameters are used to generate the field strength distribution characteristics of the waveguide structure. For example, three peak values ​​(coordinates (20,30), amplitude 7 A / m, etc.) are integrated with two gradient bands (1.5 mm wide, 6% / mm change rate) into a feature map. The phase of the denoised current scanning data can be extracted using Hilbert transform to obtain a current phase distribution map. For example, a Hilbert transform can be performed on the complex current signal to generate a two-dimensional map containing phase information from 0° to 360°. By setting a phase hysteresis threshold of 15°, an 8-connected domain analysis algorithm can be used to mark the phase hysteresis exceeding the threshold and its corresponding hysteresis continuous region in the phase distribution map. Based on the hysteresis continuous region, areas smaller than 0.5 mm² are selected. 2After eliminating isolated regions, adjacent regions are merged to determine the phase delay region of the waveguide structure. For example, three adjacent small regions are merged to form a delay region with a diameter of 5 mm.

[0032] S3. Query the gain balance threshold required by the radiation characteristics, combine the field strength distribution characteristics and phase delay region with the gain balance threshold, perform radiation boundary morphology adjustment operation on the waveguide structure to generate the feed position coordinates of the contact probe array, perform displacement operation on the contact probe array according to the feed position coordinates, and form a gain equalization state at the radiation boundary of the waveguide structure.

[0033] This invention, by combining the field strength distribution characteristics, phase delay region, and gain balance threshold, performs radiation boundary morphology adjustment operations on the waveguide structure to generate the feed position coordinates of the contact probe array. This effectively eliminates the problem of uneven energy distribution at the radiation boundary, making the energy coupling between the contact probe array and the waveguide more compatible, thereby significantly improving the uniformity of radiation gain and the stability of overall radiation performance. The gain balance threshold is the upper limit of the allowable gain difference required by the radiation characteristics, used to limit the fluctuation range of gain at each point on the radiation boundary; for example, it specifies that the gain value deviation at different locations must be ≤2.5dB. The feed position coordinates are the spatial coordinates of the contact probe array and the waveguide structure forming energy coupling, such as three-dimensional coordinates like (15mm, 8mm, 2mm), used to determine the probe's installation position for efficient energy transmission. Furthermore, the required gain balance threshold can be queried by calling a preset radiation characteristic database (such as a local file storing standard thresholds for each frequency band), for example, from the 28GHz band. The maximum allowable gain deviation ≤ 2dB is retrieved from the characteristic data; combining the field strength distribution characteristics, phase delay region, and gain balance threshold, the radiation boundary morphology adjustment operation of the waveguide structure is implemented. The steps are as follows: first, the peak position in the field strength distribution characteristics is superimposed and analyzed with the spatial range of the phase delay region, and the boundary segment with weak field strength and phase lag exceeding 15° (such as a 20mm long segment on the wide edge of the waveguide) is marked. The marked segment is then progressively trimmed at the 0.05mm level using a laser micro-grinding device. The 0.02mm method involves detecting the local field strength and phase using a miniature probe until the field strength gradient in that area drops to within 1.5% / mm and the phase lag narrows to below 8°. For areas with excessively strong field strength (such as points where the amplitude exceeds the average by 20%), a 0.03mm thick polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) dielectric sheet is attached to reduce reflection. Ultimately, the adjusted boundary point field strength deviation is ≤1.2dB and the phase consistency reaches over 96%. For a more intuitive understanding of the illumination processing flow of the gain-balanced waveguide antenna implementation method in this application, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 2The diagram shown is a schematic flowchart of the radiation boundary topography adjustment operation in the gain-balanced waveguide antenna implementation method provided by the present invention. It should be noted that in the present invention... Figure 2 The flowchart presented is only used for adjusting the radiation boundary morphology of the gain-balanced waveguide antenna implementation method, and is not limited to the radiation boundary morphology adjustment operation of the gain-balanced waveguide antenna implementation method in different actual application scenarios.

[0034] As an embodiment of the present invention, the step of performing the radiation boundary topography adjustment operation of the waveguide structure to generate the feed position coordinates of the contact probe array further includes: Perform a radiation boundary topology adjustment operation on the waveguide structure to obtain the adjusted boundary topology; The adjusted boundary topography is scanned to obtain boundary topography point cloud data; Calculate the extreme value of point cloud curvature corresponding to the boundary topography point cloud data, and extract the deformation feature vertices in the boundary topography point cloud data based on the extreme value of point cloud curvature. Based on the deformation feature vertices, the probe contact target points corresponding to the contact probe array are determined; The probe contact point is subjected to coordinate mapping processing to generate the feed position coordinates of the contact probe array.

[0035] The adjusted boundary morphology refers to the actual physical form formed after the radiation boundary morphology adjustment operation of the waveguide structure, such as an arc-shaped edge with a flatness of 0.05 mm after laser grinding; the boundary morphology point cloud data is a set of three-dimensional spatial coordinates obtained by scanning the adjusted boundary morphology, such as the (x, y, z) coordinate data of 10,000 points collected by a laser scanner; the extreme value of point cloud curvature is the maximum or minimum local curvature value corresponding to the boundary morphology point cloud data, for example, the curvature value of a certain point reaches 8 mm. -1 The deformation feature vertices are three times that of the surrounding area; the deformation feature vertices are extracted from the boundary topography point cloud data based on the extreme values ​​of the point cloud curvature, such as the curvature at the boundary corner decreasing from 2mm. -1 Increased sharply to 7mm -1 The inflection point; the probe contact point is determined based on the deformation feature vertex, and the optimal energy coupling contact point corresponding to the contact probe array is determined, such as the point 0.2mm outside the deformation feature vertex, which can achieve 92% energy coupling efficiency.

[0036] Furthermore, the adjusted boundary topography can be scanned using a blue light 3D scanner (accuracy ±0.01mm) to obtain boundary topography point cloud data. For example, 10,000 spatial point coordinates at the waveguide edge can be collected with a point spacing of 0.05mm. The extreme values ​​of point cloud curvature corresponding to the boundary topography point cloud data can be calculated using principal component analysis (PCA), such as fitting a 3×3 neighborhood plane to each point and calculating its normal vector change rate. Based on the extreme values ​​of point cloud curvature, a curvature threshold (e.g., ≥5mm) can be set. -1 The deformation feature vertices in the boundary topography point cloud data were extracted by combining connected component analysis, for example, identifying 3 curvature values ​​of up to 8mm. -1 The corner vertices; based on the deformable feature vertices, the probe contact target points corresponding to the contact probe array are determined 0.3mm outside each vertex, such as by extrapolating the vertex coordinates outward along the normal direction by 0.3mm to generate the target points; the probe contact target points can be mapped by establishing a transformation matrix (rotation angle deviation ≤ 0.1°) between the waveguide coordinate system and the probe array installation coordinate system to generate the feed position coordinates of the contact probe array, for example, by converting the target point coordinates from the waveguide coordinate system (X1, Y1, Z1) to the array coordinate system (X2, Y2, Z2).

[0037] This invention performs a displacement operation on the contact probe array according to the feed position coordinates, forming a gain equalization state at the radiation boundary of the waveguide structure. This ensures that the energy coupling between each probe and the radiation boundary corresponds, effectively eliminating the phenomenon of excessively high or low local gain, and significantly improving the overall consistency of the radiation performance and the stability of energy transmission of the waveguide structure. Furthermore, this invention performs a displacement operation on the contact probe array according to the feed position coordinates, and performs gain equalization processing at the radiation boundary of the waveguide structure to obtain the processing result.

[0038] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A gain balanced waveguide antenna comprising an antenna reflector plate (3), characterized in that: The side surface of the antenna reflecting plate (3) is provided with an antenna PCB (2), and the antenna PCB (2) is provided with an array of antenna elements (1) away from the side surface of the antenna reflecting plate (3); the antenna element (1) is electrically connected with the antenna PCB (2), and the antenna PCB (2) is fixedly connected with the antenna reflecting plate (3).

2. A gain balanced waveguide antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The antenna element (1) is made of metal material, and the metal material is copper, aluminum or copper alloy.

3. A gain balanced waveguide antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The antenna PCB (2) is a laminated plate material mixed by polypropylene resin.

4. A gain balanced waveguide antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna elements (1) are arranged in an equidistant array on the antenna PCB (2).

5. A gain balanced waveguide antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna PCB (2) is closely attached to the antenna reflecting plate (3) without spacing, and the antenna reflecting plate (3) is used for fixing the antenna PCB (2).

6. A gain balanced waveguide antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The projection area of the antenna reflecting plate (3) is the same as that of the antenna PCB (2), and the edges of the antenna reflecting plate (3) are aligned with those of the antenna PCB (2).

7. A method of implementing a gain-balanced waveguide antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the gain-balanced waveguide antenna implements the method of implementing. The method comprises: Obtaining the radiation characteristic requirements of a target frequency band and a waveguide structure, and configuring a contact probe array in the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure; Implementing surface current distribution scanning of the waveguide structure to obtain current scanning data, extracting field strength distribution characteristics and phase delay regions of the waveguide structure based on the current scanning data; Querying the gain balance threshold of the radiation characteristic requirements, combining the field strength distribution characteristics and the phase delay regions, implementing radiation boundary topography adjustment operation of the waveguide structure to generate the feed position coordinates of the contact probe array, and performing displacement operation on the contact probe array according to the feed position coordinates to perform gain balance processing on the radiation boundary of the waveguide structure to obtain a processing result.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein, The configuration of the contact probe array in the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure comprises: Performing regional electromagnetic analysis on the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure to obtain an electromagnetic distribution matrix; Based on the electromagnetic distribution matrix, determining the field strength distribution nodes of the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure; Based on the field strength distribution nodes, constructing a standing wave phase distribution map of the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure; Extracting the equal phase delay lines in the standing wave phase distribution map, and dividing the probe configuration sub-regions of the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure according to the equal phase delay lines; Calculating the impedance matching coefficients corresponding to each sub-region in the probe configuration sub-region; According to the impedance matching coefficients, determining the probe insertion depth of the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure; Combining the probe configuration sub-region and the probe insertion depth, the contact probe array is configured in the energy radiation region of the waveguide structure.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein, The extraction of the field strength distribution characteristics and the phase delay regions of the waveguide structure based on the current scanning data comprises: Performing noise reduction processing on the current scanning data to obtain noise reduction current scanning data; Performing amplitude extraction on the noise reduction current scanning data to obtain a field strength amplitude matrix; Identify the field strength peak points and gradient change zones in the field strength amplitude matrix, combine the field strength peak points and the gradient change zones, and generate the field strength distribution characteristics of the waveguide structure; Phase extraction is performed on the noise reduction current scanning data to obtain a current phase distribution map; In the phase distribution map, mark the phase lag threshold value and its corresponding lag continuous region, and determine the phase delay region of the waveguide structure based on the lag continuous region.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein, The parameter analysis processing of the measurement requirements obtains measurement task parameters, including: The implementation of the radiation boundary topography adjustment operation of the waveguide structure generates the feed position coordinates of the contact probe array, and further includes: Implementing the radiation boundary topography adjustment operation of the waveguide structure obtains the adjusted boundary topography; Scanning processing is performed on the adjusted boundary topography to obtain boundary topography point cloud data; Calculate the point cloud curvature extreme value corresponding to the boundary topography point cloud data, and extract the deformation feature vertex in the boundary topography point cloud data based on the point cloud curvature extreme value; Based on the deformation feature vertex, determine the probe contact target point corresponding to the contact probe array; Coordinate mapping processing is performed on the probe contact target point to generate the feed position coordinates of the contact probe array.

Images