Green efficient comprehensive prevention and control method for pomacea canaliculata under different habitats in karst region

Abstract

The invention discloses a green efficient comprehensive prevention and control method for pomacea canaliculata in different habitats in a karst region, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural and ecological pest prevention and control. The invention provides a comprehensive prevention and control scheme based on precise recognition of habitat types, aiming at the problems that the prevention and control effect of pomacea canaliculata is poor, the pomacea canaliculata is easy to relapse, the sensitive ecological environment is polluted by chemical agents and the like due to complex landforms and diverse habitats in karst regions. According to the method, firstly, a karst region pomacea canaliculata generation region is divided into four typical habitats including a rice field region, a ditch region, a wetland depression region and a river slow flow region; aiming at the ecological characteristics of different habitats and the occurrence rule of the pomacea canaliculata, the combined technologies of physical barrier and manual removal, biological natural enemy regulation and control, plant source killing and low-toxicity and high-efficiency chemical agents are integrated. According to the method, ecological, precise and systematic comprehensive prevention and control are achieved, the prevention and control efficiency is remarkably improved, the use amount of chemical agents and the negative influence on the karst fragile ecological environment are effectively reduced, and good economic, ecological and social benefits are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural invasive species control technology, specifically to a green integrated control method for golden apple snails applicable to various habitats such as rice paddies, fish ponds, small waterways, and lakes in karst areas. Background Technology

[0002] As a typical invasive alien species, the golden apple snail is far more difficult to control in karst regions than in plains areas due to its complex habitat (high rock exposure, easy water seepage, and unique fishpond aquaculture ecology) and fragile ecosystem. In rice paddies, it feeds on seedlings, causing seedling loss rates exceeding 20% ​​and extreme yield reductions of 30%-50%. In fishponds, the golden apple snail feeds on aquatic plants such as duckweed and water hyacinth, competing for food with farmed fish. Its metabolic byproducts increase the organic matter in the water, leading to water pollution, easily triggering algal blooms, affecting the growth of farmed fish, and carrying parasites such as Angiostrongylus cantonensis, threatening public health.

[0003] Existing control technologies have significant drawbacks: chemical agents easily pollute fishpond water, leading to the death of farmed fish; physical traps alone are easily washed away by water flow in fishponds and are difficult to cover pond walls, feeding platforms, and other areas where golden apple snails gather; biological control methods such as releasing ducks and grass carp have poor adaptability, as ducks peck at farmed fish fry and grass carp compete with farmed fish for food; the application of traditional quicklime can easily cause a sudden increase in the pH of fishponds (above 9.0), triggering stress reactions and death in fish, and requires repeated application, increasing farming costs.

[0004] The unique habitat of fishponds in karst regions—water depth of 0.8-2.5m, bottom mud thickness of 10-30cm, and presence of aquaculture organisms—significantly differs from the pest control requirements of paddy fields and rivers. Therefore, a comprehensive pest control technology for golden apple snails in different karst habitats is urgently needed to address the problems of existing methods such as "harming aquaculture organisms, high water quality risk, and poor effectiveness." This invention integrates various models including "physical and chemical control with tobacco leaves and slow-release quicklime," "physical control with ecological trapping and manual eradication," and "aquaculture-compatible biological control," adapting to the characteristics of karst fishponds and other habitats to achieve a balance between efficient control and aquaculture safety. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a green and efficient integrated control method for golden apple snails in different habitats in karst areas. It addresses the core challenges of fragmented karst habitats and the unique ecology of fishpond aquaculture, achieving precise control based on habitat division while balancing eradication efficiency and aquaculture safety.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: S1. Karst Habitat Classification and Precise Survey A drone equipped with a 16-line DJI M300 LiDAR was used to conduct a full-area patrol during the golden apple snail's active period from 9 to 11 am, following a serpentine flight path with 50m intervals. The flight altitude was 5-8m, and the resolution was set to 0.1m. Simultaneously, 3D terrain data and images of snails and egg masses were collected. Targets were automatically marked using an image recognition algorithm (based on the YOLOv5 model). Combined with parameters such as water depth, bottom sediment thickness, and aquatic plant coverage overlaid by a GIS system, the target area was divided into four habitat types: paddy fields, fishponds, small waterways, and lakes.

[0007] The ground survey team conducted supplementary surveys: In rice paddy habitats, a checkerboard sampling method was used, with one 1㎡ quadrat every 10m to record snail density and egg mass attachment locations; in fishpond habitats, a 2㎡ quadrat was set up every 15m in a quincunx pattern, simultaneously measuring water depth (0.8-2.5m), bottom sediment thickness (10-30cm), and aquatic plant coverage. Emphasis was placed on recording the density of golden apple snails around pond walls, inlets, and feeding platforms, avoiding fish feeding platforms and spawning areas to mark core control points; in small river habitats, monitoring sections were set up every 20m along the flow direction to record flow velocity, water depth, and riverbed matrix; in lake habitats, monitoring points were set up every 30m along the shoreline to record near-shore snail distribution and water depth. Areas with a golden apple snail density ≥5 individuals / ㎡ in all four habitat types were marked as core control points and entered into a coordinate list generated by the GIS terminal.

[0008] S2, Preparation of Green Prevention and Control Materials Preparation of Tobacco-Based Compound Bait Pellets: Waste tobacco stems (low cost, stable nicotine content, and extremely low toxicity to fish) are selected, dried at 60℃ to a moisture content of <10%, and then pulverized using a high-speed pulverizer and passed through an 800-mesh standard sieve. Tobacco powder, sweet potato powder (attractant, which can be replaced with corn flour without conflicting with fish feed in fishponds), and sodium alginate (biodegradable binder, which does not pollute water) are weighed out at a weight ratio of 7:2:1 and poured into a twin-shaft mixer. Deionized water is added while mixing (material-to-water ratio 1:0.8), and the mixture is stirred for 15 minutes until a uniform dough-like consistency is formed. Two types of pellets are produced using an extrusion and rounding mechanism: ① Sinking type (3-5mm in diameter, accounting for 80%), placed along the pond walls and around the feeding platform; ② Floating type (with 0.5% added light calcium carbonate, accounting for 20%), covering the upper water layer of the fishpond. Spread the granules evenly on a breathable tray and dry them in a 40℃ hot air drying oven for 12 hours until the moisture content is ≤15% and the compressive strength is ≥0.3MPa. The nicotine content must be ≥1.2%. After diluting the granules with water 5-10 times, they can be mixed with green pesticides (matrine) for fish ponds for spraying, which is suitable for the synergistic prevention and control of fish diseases and pests.

[0009] Processing of slow-release quicklime carrier for fishponds: Select lumpy quicklime with a purity ≥90%, crush it with a jaw crusher, and then pass it through a 200-mesh sieve to remove impurities with a particle size >0.1mm (to avoid scratching fish). Weigh quicklime powder, local clay (clay content >30%, to enhance plasticity), and humus (to improve pore structure and extend the release period) in a weight ratio of 5:3:2, pour them into a roller mill mixer, add an appropriate amount of water (material-to-water ratio 1:0.6), and stir until it can be kneaded and shaped. The carrier is made into a spherical shape with a diameter of 10-15mm by hand or by mold. It is placed in a ventilated and shady place to dry naturally. It is turned over every 12 hours to prevent the surface from forming a crust. After drying for 3 days, the curing strength is tested to be ≥60% and the moisture content is 35-40%. A honeycomb structure with a porosity of 20-25% is formed inside the carrier. This structure allows the alkaline component (Ca(OH)2) to be released slowly, with the release cycle extended to 10-12 days. This prevents the pH of the fishpond water from changing by more than 0.5 in a single day and protects the farmed fish from stress.

[0010] Improved trap construction: The frame is made of food-grade polyethylene (corrosion-resistant, non-toxic, and does not harm farmed fish), with dimensions customized to 60-80cm in length, 40-50cm in width, and 50-60cm in height (suitable for pond water levels). High-density polyethylene perforated netting with a mesh diameter of <1cm is fixed between the frames (to prevent golden apple snails from escaping and to allow fish to pass through). A 2-3cm diameter entrance is opened in the center of the bottom of the trap, with the inner wall angled downwards at 45° and connected to a stainless steel check net (allowing only golden apple snails to enter and preventing them from escaping, thus avoiding fish getting trapped). A transparent plastic protective cover is installed on the top, with 0.5cm ventilation holes evenly spaced on the surface (utilizing sunlight to raise the water temperature inside the trap, enhancing the trapping effect without affecting water exchange). Considering the soft bottom mud of the fishpond, sandbags (each weighing 1 kg) are connected to the four corners of the cage with anchor chains for counterweight. The length of the anchor chains is adjusted with a 0.5 m margin according to the actual water depth of the fishpond to prevent the trap from drifting with the water flow or sinking into the bottom mud. 3-5 bundles of fresh water hyacinth (a natural bait preferred by golden apple snails in the fishpond) are placed in the cage to improve the trapping efficiency.

[0011] S3, Implementation of precise prevention and control measures at different borders Rice paddy habitat control (emphasizing "ecological cycle + physicochemical synergy"): ① Source interception: From rice seedling raising to transplanting, install 5-mesh metal wire mesh interception nets at the inlet and outlet of the rice paddy, with the upper edge extending 20cm above the water surface. Regularly clean up floating debris and weeds to prevent the spread of golden apple snails with the water flow. Before transplanting, deeply till and rotary till the rice paddy to destroy the golden apple snail's habitat. ② Growth period control: 10 days after transplanting, mix tobacco compound bait granules with rice base fertilizer at a ratio of 1:3 and apply evenly using a fertilizer spreader. This meets the crop's nutrient needs and kills juvenile snails through nicotine poisoning. Spread quicklime powder along the 50cm width of the paddy field ridges, adjusting the amount to 10-20kg / mu according to the soil pH to form an alkaline barrier to prevent the migration of golden apple snails. Twenty days after transplanting (after the seedlings have taken root), release 20-25 day old ducklings (preferably Muscovy ducks) at a density of 1-3 ducklings / acre, with no more than 20 ducklings per household for easy management. The ducklings will peck at juvenile snails and egg masses, while simultaneously turning over the soil to promote fertilizer absorption. Chemical agents are prohibited during the release period. ③ Emergency Control: If the density of golden apple snails suddenly increases to >20 snails / m² during the tillering stage, use 6% metaldehyde granules for emergency control at a dosage of 0.5 kg / acre. After even application, maintain a shallow water layer of 3-4 cm for 5-7 days. Set up warning signs in the application area, and strictly prohibit drainage into fish ponds or other sensitive water bodies and the release of ducks within 7 days. ④ Overwintering Control: After rice harvest, promote the "rice + rapeseed" and "rice + vegetable" crop rotation models to reduce overwintering sites for golden apple snails. For fields with residual water, apply tobacco compound granules and sprinkle quicklime along the field ridges to kill overwintering adult snails.

[0012] Fishpond habitat control (focusing on "ecological attraction + safe extermination + aquaculture compatibility"): ① Source interception: Install a 10-mesh arc-shaped nylon net at the fishpond inlet, with the upper edge extending 20cm above the water surface. The arc design enhances resistance to water flow impact and prevents the net from collapsing under the pressure of the water flow. The net is fixed on both sides with steel pipes (inserted 50cm deep into the pond embankment), and the bottom is buried 10cm deep in bottom mud to prevent golden apple snails from diving in from the edge of the net. Clean the surface of the interception net daily to remove adult snails and floating debris (weeds, fallen leaves) to prevent the net from clogging and affecting water intake. ② Ecological attraction: Apply tobacco leaf compound granules at a dosage of 25g / ㎡—floating granules are evenly scattered in the upper layer of water in the fishpond (covering the water surface to attract golden apple snails); submerged granules are placed along the pond wall and within 1m of the feeding platform (golden apple snails often gather in these areas to feed and lay eggs). The placement time should avoid the fish feeding period (2 hours before or 1 hour after) to prevent the granules from being accidentally ingested by the fish. Meanwhile, insert one bamboo strip (80cm long, 30cm into the pond embankment, and 50cm above the water surface) every 5m along the pond wall. Coat the surface of the bamboo strip with a small amount of sweet potato paste (to enhance its attractiveness) to lure the golden apple snails to lay eggs on the bamboo strip, reducing the difficulty of cleaning the egg masses on the pond wall. ③ Safe extermination: 24 hours after the release of tobacco granules (the peak period of golden apple snail aggregation), add slow-release quicklime carrier at a rate of 35kg / mu, using a method of "three releases, each two days apart"—the first release is 1 / 3 of the amount (along the pond wall), monitoring the pH change of the water (ensuring it is ≤8.0); the second release is 1 / 3 of the amount (in the central area of ​​the fishpond); the third release is the remaining 1 / 3 of the amount (around the inlet), avoiding a sudden increase in pH due to a single release. After the carrier is introduced, monitor the water pH (maintain 6.5-8.5) and dissolved oxygen (≥5mg / L) daily. If the pH > 8.5, apply 5g / ㎡ of wood ash to neutralize it (wood ash is weakly alkaline, which can slowly adjust the pH without harming the fish). ④ Manual cleaning: During the breeding period, clean the egg masses every 7 days - manually remove the egg masses from bamboo strips (bury them 50cm deep or burn them), and use a stiff brush to clean the egg masses on the pond walls and feeding platforms. In winter, before the fish overwinter, lower the pond water level to 0.3m during the dry season, manually dredge 10-15cm of silt (remove adult snails, juvenile snails, and egg masses from the bottom mud), and leave 5cm of bottom mud after dredging (to protect the fish's habitat). Then expose it to the sun for 3-5 days (using low temperature drying to kill any remaining golden apple snails). Before adding new water to the pond after sun exposure, apply 5kg / mu of well-rotted organic fertilizer (to restore the fertility of the bottom mud). ⑤ Aquaculture Synergy: If filter-feeding fish such as silver carp and bighead carp are raised in fish ponds, the amount of slow-release quicklime carrier can be reduced by 10% - these fish can feed on some of the juvenile golden apple snails, which can help control the disease; avoid releasing black carp into fish ponds (which may compete with farmed fish such as grass carp for food), and instead release carp weighing 50-100g (omnivorous, feeds on golden apple snails and does not compete with the main farmed fish for food), with a stocking density of 20-30 fish / acre.

[0013] Small-scale river habitat control (emphasizing "physical interception + natural enemy synergy"): ① Interception deployment: Install 10-mesh arc-shaped nylon netting at the inlets of irrigation main canals and branch canals, with the upper edge extending 20cm above the water surface. The arc design enhances resistance to water flow impact. Regularly clean the surface of the interception netting to remove snails and floating debris. ② Trapping and extermination: Along the riverbank in shallow sections with a water depth of 0.3-1.5m, place one modified trap every 5-10m, securing it to the riverbed with anchor chains (to prevent drifting). Tie 3-5 bunches of fresh duckweed (10-15 plants per bunch, tied together with connecting loops) inside the trap, and place 200g of soybean cake residue (slowly releasing nutrients) as supplementary bait. One to three days after setting the traps, release 1-2 grass carp weighing 1000-2000g each, according to the trap's volume, at a ratio of 1-2 fish per m³. The grass carp will feed on the golden apple snails inside the trap, with the snails' entrance size (2-3cm) smaller than their body width to prevent predators from escaping. Every three days, retrieve the traps, remove dead snails and uneaten bait, check the trap's integrity, and replenish the bait. ③ Alternative solution: For rivers with a flow velocity > 0.5m / s, replace the traps with carp weighing 50-100g, or release 20-30 river crabs per acre. Their omnivorous nature allows them to feed on the golden apple snails, preventing the grass carp from being unable to feed steadily due to the fast current.

[0014] Lake habitat control (emphasizing "physical eradication + ecological protection"): ① Trapping control: Use nylon ropes to fix modified traps 5-10m from the shore. Place tobacco compound bait bags inside the traps, and set up one trap every 20-40m along the shore. During the outbreak of golden apple snails, replenish and replace the bait bags every 3-5 days, and promptly clean the adult snails in the traps. When cleaning, release native fish, shrimp, and other beneficial organisms into the traps. In the later stages of the infestation, inspect every 7-10 days, and replace the bait bags when the traps are completely submerged in the water. ② Ecological eradication: During the dry season, carry out thorough dredging to remove adult, juvenile, and egg masses of golden apple snails from the bottom and shore of the lake, destroying overwintering sites. Expose the shallow areas after drainage to the sun, using low-temperature drying to further kill any remaining golden apple snails. For important scenic lakes, control the water level to expose shallow areas and destroy the golden apple snail habitat. ③ Prohibitions and requirements: Due to the complex ecology of lakes and waters, the use of chemical molluscicides is strictly prohibited to prevent accidental injury to aquatic organisms such as fish and shrimp; when using biological control, the ecological adaptability of the released fish must be assessed to avoid causing new ecological problems.

[0015] S4, Joint Monitoring and Ecological Restoration Multidimensional monitoring implementation: Two centralized monitoring sessions were conducted on the 3rd and 5th days after release, using a combination of "quagmire monitoring + cage counting + water quality testing": ① Paddy field habitat: One 1㎡ quadrature was set up every 20m, and the number of live snails and egg mass hatching rate were recorded; ② Fishpond habitat: One 2㎡ quadrature was set up every 15m, and the number of live snails was recorded. Water quality indicators (pH 6.5-8.5, dissolved oxygen ≥5mg / L, ammonia nitrogen ≤0.5mg / L, nitrite ≤0.1mg / L) were tested simultaneously to ensure that the snails were not affected; ③ Small river habitat: Each trap was inspected, and the number of dead snails and surviving natural enemies was counted; ④ Lake habitat: One monitoring point was set up every 100㎡ to record the snail density near the shore. The mark-and-recapture method was used to estimate the overall eradication rate. When the mortality rate at the core control point was less than 85%, 50% of the dose of quicklime carrier or tobacco granules was added to the original point. If ammonia nitrogen and nitrite levels exceeded the standards in the fishpond habitat, 5 kg / mu of photosynthetic bacteria preparation was added (to improve water quality).

[0016] Cross-habitat joint prevention and control: At the junctions of rice paddies and fishponds, and fishponds and waterways, 10-mesh interception nets and water quality monitoring points are added to establish a joint prevention and control mechanism for "farmland-fishpond-waterway-lake"—the interception nets are inspected and maintained monthly to remove golden apple snails and floating debris from the nets; if a sudden increase in the density of golden apple snails in a certain habitat is found, an early warning is promptly issued to adjacent habitats, and prevention and control measures are deployed in advance to prevent cross-habitat spread. A monitoring data sharing terminal is established to update the extinction rate, water quality parameters, and survival status of farmed fish in various habitats in real time, and to promptly detect and deal with newly emerging golden apple snail distribution points.

[0017] Ecological restoration measures: 15 days after release, restoration will be carried out for different habitats: ① Paddy field habitat: Pioneer plants such as water spinach and alfalfa will be planted on the paddy field ridges (to improve the ecology of the ridges and reduce the migration of golden apple snails); ② Fishpond habitat: Hydrilla verticillata will be replanted (planting density of 10-15 plants / ㎡, this plant does not attract golden apple snails and can purify water quality and provide a habitat for fish), and 1 kg / mu of EM beneficial microbial preparation will be released; ③ Small river and lake habitat: Native aquatic plants such as duckweed and sweet flag will be planted on the banks (300-500 plants per mu) to provide habitat for native aquatic organisms and restore the food chain structure.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Strong habitat adaptability: Customized technical solutions for four core karst habitats, especially the "multi-stage release of slow-release carriers and coordinated prevention and control in aquaculture" strategy designed for fish ponds, which solves the shortcomings of traditional methods that "harm aquaculture organisms". The kill rate in fish pond habitats reaches 90%, the control effect in paddy field habitats reaches 95%, and the control effect in lake habitats reaches 88%. Green, safe and risk-free: It uses environmentally friendly materials such as tobacco leaves, clay and humus. The pesticide residues are completely degraded by microorganisms within 30 days. The water quality indicators of the fish pond (pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen) all meet the aquaculture standards. The impact on the survival rate of farmed fish is less than 3%. It is suitable for the fragility of karst ecology and the needs of fish pond aquaculture. Significant synergistic effects: Integrating four major technologies—physical interception, physical and chemical extermination, manual eradication, and aquaculture coordination—the overall prevention and control effect is more than 40% higher than that of a single method, while reducing the cost of fish farming in fish ponds (reducing competition for feed, improving water quality, and increasing the yield of farmed fish by 15-20 kg per mu). Cost controllable: Waste tobacco stems, quicklime, and local clay are readily available materials, and the cost of fishpond-specific control materials is 60% lower than that of chemical agents, making them suitable for promotion in small and medium-sized fishponds in karst mountainous areas; Highly operable: The steps are standardized (quicklime is added in 3 stages, and bamboo strips are used to collect egg masses), and the equipment is readily available (the improved trap can be made by hand). Farmers and breeders can implement it after simple training, taking into account food security, breeding efficiency and ecological protection. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to the embodiments. The embodiments are only used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation.

[0020] Example 1: Habitat control in karst paddy fields (karst mountainous area of ​​Zunyi, Guizhou) The site was selected in a karst paddy field in Xinpu New District, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province (30 mu in area, soil pH 5.8, golden apple snail density 15-20 snails / m², egg mass hatching rate 82%). The implementation steps are as follows: Survey preparation: A DJI M300 drone equipped with a Livox lidar was used at a flight altitude of 6m to generate a rice paddy habitat map and mark 12 key control points; Material preparation: Prepare 45kg of tobacco leaf compound bait pellets (nicotine content 1.3%, floating type 9kg, sinking type 36kg), 60kg of quicklime slow-release carrier, install 6 sets of 5-mesh interception nets, and purchase 60 20-day-old ducklings; Prevention and control measures: Deep plowing and rotary tillage before transplanting, and installation of interception nets; 10 days after transplanting, apply a mixture of tobacco granules and base fertilizer at a ratio of 1:3, and spread 15 kg / mu of quicklime on the field ridges; 20 days after transplanting, release 2 ducklings / mu. Monitoring and remediation: Day 3 mortality rate 85%, 25% quicklime carrier added; Day 5 mortality rate 95%, water pH 8.6, no neutralization required; after harvest, adopt "rice + rapeseed" rotation, apply 10 kg / mu of tobacco granules during overwintering; Results: After control, the density of golden apple snails decreased to 0.6 individuals / m², the damage rate of rice decreased from 30% to 3.2%, the yield per mu increased by 48 kg, the survival rate of ducklings was 100%, and the survival rate of native frogs was >96%.

[0021] Example 2: Habitat control in karst fishponds (karst fishponds in Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou Province) The selected site is a karst fishpond in Dushan County, Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou Province (5 mu in area, water depth 1.2-2.0 m, bottom mud thickness 15-25 cm, mainly raising grass carp (100g / fish), with a density of 18-25 golden apple snails / m², and an egg mass hatching rate of 80%). The implementation steps are as follows: Survey preparation: 8 key control points were marked using drones and manual surveys (4 on the pond wall, 2 at the inlet, and 2 around the feeding platform). Initial water quality was tested: pH 7.2, dissolved oxygen 6.5 mg / L, and ammonia nitrogen 0.3 mg / L. Material preparation: Prepare 12.5kg of tobacco leaf compound bait granules (2.5kg of floating type and 10kg of sinking type), 175kg of fishpond-specific quicklime slow-release carrier, install 1 set of 10-mesh arc-shaped interception net, make 10 bamboo strip attractors, and purchase 100 50g carp fry. Prevention and control measures: Day 1: Install the inlet interception net, insert bamboo strips along the pond wall (1 strip per 5m), and add tobacco granules at 25g / ㎡ (floating type should be evenly spread, and sinking type should be added along the pond wall / feeding platform). Day 2: Water quality monitoring showed no abnormalities. 1 / 3 of the quicklime carrier was added (along the pond wall). Day 4: Add the second batch of 1 / 3 quicklime carrier (in the middle of the fishpond), and release 100 carp fry; Day 6: Add the last 1 / 3 of quicklime carrier (inlet); Day 7: Clean bamboo strips and egg masses from the pond walls (approximately 500g); Monitoring results: Day 3: The mortality rate of golden apple snails was 78%, and the water quality was pH 7.8 and dissolved oxygen 6.2 mg / L; Day 5: The mortality rate of golden apple snails was 90%, and the water quality was pH 8.2 and ammonia nitrogen 0.35 mg / L; 15 days later: 500 plants of *Hydrilla verticillata* were replanted, and the water quality recovered to pH 7.5 and dissolved oxygen 7.0 mg / L; the grass carp survival rate was 98%, and the average weight gain was 15g / fish; Dry season management: In winter, lower the water level to 0.3m, remove 12cm of silt and expose to the sun for 4 days, manually collect about 3kg of adult snails, apply 25kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer after silt removal, and then add fresh water. The fish will overwinter normally.

[0022] Example 3: Habitat Control in Small Karst Rivers (Karst Rivers in Guiyang, Guizhou) The selected site is the karst river channel at Luchongguan in Guiyang City (800m long, 2-6m wide, 0.3-1.2m deep, with a golden apple snail density of 12-18 snails / m²). The implementation steps are as follows: Survey and preparation: 40 key control points were marked by drones, and 80 customized and improved traps were deployed; Material preparation: Prepare 400 bunches of duck tongue grass, 16kg of soybean cake residue, and 120 grass carp weighing about 1500g each; Prevention and control measures: Install 4 sets of 10-mesh arc-shaped interception nets along the river, and place and fix one trap cage every 10m; release 2 grass carp per m³ on Day 3; clean the cages and replenish the bait every 3 days; Monitoring results: After 15 days, an average of 35 dead snails were captured per trap, the overall river area had a 93% kill rate, the survival rate of grass carp was 96%, the survival rate of native crucian carp was >97%, and the dissolved oxygen content in the water increased by 18%.

[0023] Experimental data verification The effects of the present invention and traditional prevention and control methods were compared by selecting the regions of the three embodiments described above:

[0024] Data shows that this invention is significantly superior to traditional methods in terms of eradication efficiency, aquaculture safety, cost control, and profit improvement. Especially in fishpond habitats, the eradication rate of golden apple snails reaches over 90%, the survival rate of farmed fish reaches over 98%, and the average yield per mu increases by 800 yuan, fully demonstrating the advantages of "synergistic prevention and control with aquaculture" and adapting to the multi-habitat prevention and control needs of karst areas.

[0025] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A green and efficient integrated control method for *Pomacea canaliculata* in different habitats in karst regions, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1. Karst Habitat Classification and Precise Survey: UAVs equipped with 16-line lidar were used for serpentine patrols at an altitude of 5-8m. The GIS system was used to generate habitat maps with water depth, bottom sediment thickness, and aquatic plant coverage, classifying the habitats into four types: paddy fields, fish ponds, small rivers, and lakes. Ground surveys used the "quagmire + water quality monitoring" method. In paddy fields, 1㎡ quadrats were set every 10m. In fish ponds, 2㎡ quadrats were set every 15m in a "plum blossom" pattern (water depth of 0.8-2.5m and bottom sediment thickness of 10-30cm were measured simultaneously). Monitoring sections were set every 20m in rivers and monitoring points were set every 30m along the shore of lakes. Core control points with a density of ≥5 golden apple snails / ㎡ were marked (in fish ponds, the pond walls, inlet, and feeding platform area were marked). 2.S2, Preparation of Green Control Materials: ① Tobacco Leaf Composite Attractant Particles: Waste tobacco stems from flue-cured tobacco are dried, pulverized, and sieved through an 800-mesh sieve. Tobacco leaf powder, sweet potato starch attractant, and sodium alginate binder are mixed in a weight ratio of 7:2:1 to form particles with a diameter of 3-5mm (containing 20% ​​floating particles and 0.5% added light calcium carbonate). These particles are then dried at 40℃ until the moisture content is ≤15% and the nicotine content is ≥1.2%; ② Quicklime Slow-Release Carrier: Quicklime powder, local clay, and... are mixed in a weight ratio of 5:3:

2. Humus, shaped into spheres with a diameter of 10-15mm, is naturally dried for 3 days until the curing strength is ≥60% and the porosity is 20-25% (extending the alkaline release cycle to 10-12 days); ③ Improved trap: The frame is made of food-grade polyethylene (corrosion-resistant and does not harm farmed fish), with a mesh diameter of <1cm, a 45° inclined check net at the bottom, and a breathable protective cover at the top, which is fixed by anchor chains (suitable for fishpond bottom mud environment), and water hyacinth bundles are pre-placed in the cage (fishpond golden apple snails prefer to eat it). 3.S3, Implementation of Precise Control by Region: ① Paddy Field Habitat: Install a 5-mesh interception net before transplanting; 10 days after transplanting, mix tobacco granules with base fertilizer at a ratio of 1:3 and apply; spread quicklime 10-20 kg / mu on the field ridges; 20 days after transplanting, release 20-25 day old ducklings at a density of 1-3 ducklings / mu, with no more than 20 ducklings per household; after harvest, adopt a "rice + rapeseed" water-dry rotation; ② Fishpond Habitat: Install a 10-mesh arc-shaped interception net at the inlet (the upper edge extends 20cm above the water surface to prevent golden apple snails from migrating in with the water); apply tobacco compound granules at 25g / ㎡ (floating type accounts for 20%, covering the water layer; submerged type is applied along the pond wall and around the feeding platform); 24 hours later, apply quicklime at 35kg / mu. ① Slow-release carrier (added in 3 batches, 2 days apart, to avoid sudden pH rise); during the breeding period, manually clean the egg masses on the pond walls and aquatic plants every 7 days (bury them deeply); during the dry season, drain the water to a depth of 0.3m, remove 10-15cm of silt and expose it to the sun, and manually collect adult snails; ② Small river habitat: install a 10-mesh arc-shaped interception net at the inlet, and place modified traps every 5-10m along the river, with duckweed and soybean cake residue bait tied inside the traps; release 1000-2000g of grass carp at 1-2 fish / m³, and clean the traps every 3 days; ③ Lake habitat: set up traps every 20-40m along the shore, with tobacco compound bait bags inside; remove silt and expose to the sun during the dry season, and prohibit the use of chemical agents.

4. S4, Joint Monitoring and Ecological Restoration: Use the quadrat monitoring method for 3-5 days after release, and additionally monitor the water quality in the fishpond (pH 6.5-8.5, dissolved oxygen ≥5mg / L); if the mortality rate is <85%, add 50% of the dosage; if the pH is >8.5, apply 5g / ㎡ of wood ash to neutralize it; after 15 days, replant *Hydrilla verticillata* in the fishpond (to purify the water and not attract *Pomacea canaliculata*), and replant native aquatic plants in other habitats.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the habitat survey of fishponds should be conducted simultaneously with the recording of farmed fish species, and the core control points should avoid fish feeding platforms and spawning areas.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The porosity of the slow-release quicklime carrier for fishponds in S2 is increased to 20-25%, ensuring the slow release of alkaline components over 10-12 days and preventing daily pH changes in the water from exceeding 0.

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7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When distributing tobacco compound pellets in fishpond habitats in S3, it is necessary to avoid the fish feeding time (2 hours earlier or 1 hour later) to prevent the pellets from being accidentally ingested by the fish.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: After dredging the fishpond during the dry season in S3, 5cm of bottom mud should be retained (to protect the fish's habitat), and the exposure time should be controlled to 3-5 days (to avoid excessive compaction of the bottom mud).

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: If filter-feeding fish such as silver carp and bighead carp are raised in the fishpond habitat in S3, the amount of slow-release quicklime carrier can be reduced by 10% (the fish can supplement their diet by feeding on some juvenile snails).

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the monitoring of fishpond habitats needs to include ammonia nitrogen and nitrite levels, ensuring they are ≤0.5mg / L and ≤0.1mg / L respectively, to avoid the impact of control materials on water quality.

11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The improved trap in S2 is fixed in the fishpond using "anchor chain + sandbag counterweight". The length of the anchor chain is adapted to the water depth of the fishpond (with a 0.5m adjustment margin) to prevent the trap from drifting with the water flow.

12. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, egg mass removal in fishpond habitats can be combined with "bamboo trapping". Insert bamboo strips along the pond wall (30cm above the water surface), one strip every 5m, and clean the egg masses on the bamboo strips weekly to reduce the intensity of manual inspection.

13. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The *Hydrilla verticillata* replanted in the fishpond ecological restoration project in S4 should be planted at a density of 10-15 plants / m² to avoid over-covering and affecting fish activity.

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