Chain type scaling fish killing machine

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of aquatic product processing machinery, and discloses a chain type scaling and fish killing machine which comprises a machine body, and the machine body is sequentially provided with a fish feeding guide piece, a fish killing piece, a fish killing piece and a fish killing piece from top to bottom, the movable scale scraping piece is used for scraping scales on the two sides of the fish body; the first pressing and conveying part is used for clamping and downwards conveying the fish body; the belly and back scale scraping piece is used for scraping scales on the belly and the back of the fish body; the second pressing and conveying part is used for continuously clamping and downwards conveying the fish body; the cutting piece is used for cutting the conveyed fish body; the material receiving opening is formed in the lower part of the machine body; wherein the first pressing and conveying piece and the second pressing and conveying piece are arranged above and below the belly and back scaling piece respectively, and a continuous clamping and conveying path is formed. The invention relates to an up-down feeding type fish killing machine which can adapt to fishes with different sizes, can scrape scales thoroughly and can operate continuously.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aquatic product processing machinery technology, and in particular to a chain-type descaling and killing fish machine. Background Technology

[0002] Fish processing is a crucial component of the food processing industry, and the fish-killing process (including scaling, gutting / backing, etc.) often consumes a significant amount of manpower and time. Traditional fish-killing methods rely heavily on manual operation, which is not only inefficient and labor-intensive, but also results in incomplete scaling and inconsistent cutting depth, affecting product quality. Furthermore, manual fish-killing can easily cause scales and blood to splatter, polluting the working environment and posing safety hazards.

[0003] Existing fish-killing equipment has some shortcomings: First, it has poor adaptability, only processing fish of specific sizes and failing to meet the needs of different sizes and varieties of fish. Second, it is not effective at removing scales, usually only removing scales from one or both sides of the fish, making it difficult to cover the belly and back, and the fish is easily damaged during the scaling process. Third, it lacks stable conveying, as the fish are prone to shifting or getting stuck during conveying, making it impossible to accurately perform subsequent cutting processes. Fourth, the equipment has a complex structure, is inconvenient to adjust, and has high maintenance costs.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a fish-killing device that is highly adaptable, thoroughly descales, provides stable transport, and cuts precisely to solve the problems existing in current technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a chain-type fish descaling and killing machine, a top-and-bottom feeding fish killing machine that can adapt to fish of different sizes, thoroughly scale fish, and operate continuously.

[0006] The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a chain-type descaling and killing fish machine, comprising a body, wherein the body is provided with the following components from top to bottom: a fish feeding guide for providing a feeding inlet and adaptively adjusting to accommodate fish of different sizes; a movable scale scraper for scraping scales on both sides of the fish body; a first pressing conveyor for clamping and conveying the fish body downwards; a dorsal scale scraper for scraping scales on the abdomen and back of the fish body; a second pressing conveyor for continuing to clamp and convey the fish body downwards; a cutting component for cutting the fish body during conveying; and a receiving port located below the body; wherein the first pressing conveyor and the second pressing conveyor are respectively located above and below the dorsal scale scraper, forming a continuous clamping and conveying path.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solutions, this invention, through the adaptive adjustment function of the fish feeding guide, can automatically adjust the feeding inlet size according to fish of different sizes, ensuring that fish smoothly enter the processing area and effectively solving the problem of poor adaptability of existing equipment. The movable scaling component and the dorsal scaling component work together to comprehensively scale the sides and back of the fish, respectively. Combined with the flexible scaling chain design, this ensures thorough scaling while avoiding damage to the fish during the scaling process. The first and second clamping conveyors provide stable clamping force through biasing elements, and together with the conveyor roller assembly rotating in opposite directions, achieve precise positioning and stable conveying of the fish during processing, effectively preventing deviation or jamming. The cutting component adopts a depth adjustment mechanism design. Through the cooperation of the handwheel and lead screw, the cutting depth of the cutting blade can be flexibly adjusted to meet the processing needs of different fish, ensuring cutting accuracy and product quality. Furthermore, the protective shield and guide groove design surrounding the machine body effectively prevents scales, blood, and other substances from splashing and contaminating the working environment, while also ensuring the safety of operators.

[0008] A further configuration of the present invention includes: the fish feeding guide component comprising: a fish feeding guide rod horizontally fixed above the body; a fixed fish feeding frame and a sliding fish feeding frame, the fixed fish feeding frame being fixedly connected to the fish feeding guide rod, and the sliding fish feeding frame being slidably connected to the fish feeding guide rod; two fish feeding guide frames, respectively fixedly connected to the fixed fish feeding frame and the sliding fish feeding frame, wherein the opening size of the fish feeding guide frame gradually decreases from the inlet to the outlet; an elastic reset element, sleeved on the fish feeding guide rod, the two ends of which act on the sliding fish feeding frame and an adjustable limiting component, respectively; the adjustable limiting component being detachably mounted on the fish feeding guide rod.

[0009] The elastic reset element is a helical spring, which is directly sleeved on the fish feeding guide rod, located between the sliding fish feeding frame and the adjustable limiting component (i.e., the limiting piece in the figure). When a fish enters the fish feeding guide frame and pushes the sliding fish feeding frame away, the spring is compressed, generating a clamping force that forces the sliding fish feeding frame to move closer to the fixed fish feeding frame, thereby achieving adaptive clamping. By adjusting the position of the adjustable limiting component on the fish feeding guide rod, the initial compression (preload) of the spring can be changed, thereby adjusting the basic clamping force on the fish to accommodate fish of different weights or sizes.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the fish feeding guide achieves adaptive clamping of fish of different sizes through the synergistic effect of the elastic reset element and the adjustable limiting component. When a fish enters from the inlet, the tapering structure of the fish feeding guide frame guides the fish to gradually converge towards the center. At the same time, the sliding fish feeding frame slides outward along the guide rod under the thrust of the fish, compressing the elastic reset element to generate a counterforce. This design not only ensures the initial positioning accuracy of the fish before entering the processing area, but also achieves dynamic adjustment of the clamping force through the adjustable limiting component—for smaller fish, the spring preload can be increased by reducing the distance between the limiting plate and the sliding fish feeding frame; for larger fish, the initial clamping force can be reduced by increasing the distance, thereby avoiding deformation of the fish due to excessive compression. Compared with electronic sensor control schemes, this mechanical adaptive structure has the advantages of low cost, high reliability, and no need for additional energy drive, making it particularly suitable for the humid and multi-scale working environment of aquatic product processing workshops.

[0011] A further configuration of the present invention is as follows: the movable scraping component includes: a scraping frame mounted on the machine body; two scraping units, each of the scraping units including a flexible scraping chain formed by hinged scraping blades and a drive assembly for driving the scraping chain to move; the scraping blades are arranged perpendicularly to each other, and the drive assembly includes a rotating column movably connected to the end of the scraping chain and rotatably connected to the scraping frame, and a power mechanism for driving the two rotating columns to rotate synchronously; an axial elastic connection structure is provided between the scraping chain and the rotating column.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the movable scaling component uses a double flexible scaling chain design. Each scaling unit consists of multiple vertically hinged scaling blades forming a chain structure, which can automatically adjust the contact angle according to the curvature of the fish's surface. When a fish passes by, the power mechanism drives the rotating column to rotate synchronously, causing the flexible scaling chain to perform a spiral scraping motion along both sides of the fish's body. The axial elastic connection structure ensures that the scaling chain always maintains a close fit with the fish's body. This design not only expands the effective scaling area but also avoids scratches on the fish skin caused by hard scrapers through elastic cushioning, making it particularly suitable for processing fish with irregular shapes or fragile skin. Compared with the traditional rigid scaling structure, the flexible chain scaling increases the coverage rate by more than 40% and reduces the equipment wear rate by 65%.

[0013] A further configuration of the present invention includes: both the first pressing conveyor and the second pressing conveyor include: a fixed rod disposed opposite to each other on the machine body; two slides slidably sleeved on the fixed rod; two conveying roller assemblies rotatably mounted on the two slides respectively, the two conveying roller assemblies rotating in opposite directions to form clamping; a biasing element acting between the slides and the machine body to provide clamping force to the conveying roller assemblies; and a driving device for driving the two conveying roller assemblies to rotate.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the first and second clamping conveyors, through the elastic force of a biasing element (such as a compression spring), keep the two carriages close to each other, thus ensuring that the conveying roller assembly generates stable and uniform clamping pressure on the fish. When the fish enters between the conveying rollers, the conveying rollers rotating in opposite directions use friction to convey the fish downwards. Simultaneously, the elastic adjustment function of the biasing element automatically adapts to fish of different thicknesses, preventing deformation due to excessive clamping force or slippage due to insufficient clamping force. This design replaces a complex hydraulic or pneumatic control system with mechanical elastic compensation, simplifying the equipment structure and significantly improving the reliability and continuity of the conveying process, making it particularly suitable for long-term continuous aquatic product processing scenarios.

[0015] A further configuration of the present invention is as follows: the driving device includes: a first driving motor and a second driving motor; a first driving gear connected to the output end of the first driving motor; a second driving gear coaxially connected to one of the conveying roller assemblies, the second driving gear meshing with the first driving gear; a sprocket disposed at the end of the conveying roller assembly; and a transmission chain connected to the two sprockets located at vertical positions on the same conveying path.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the drive unit employs a dual-motor independent drive and gear-chain composite transmission structure. The first drive motor directly drives the upper conveyor roller assembly to rotate through the meshing of the first and second drive gears. Simultaneously, power is synchronously transmitted to the upper conveyor roller assembly via a sprocket and chain mechanism, ensuring that the two conveyor roller assemblies maintain opposite rotation directions. The second drive motor serves as a backup power source, automatically switching on when the main motor is overloaded or under maintenance, achieving uninterrupted operation. This design ensures a basic speed ratio through gear transmission and utilizes chain transmission to achieve synchronous reverse rotation of the upper and lower conveyor rollers. This avoids power loss caused by excessive chain length in single-motor drive and improves system fault tolerance through the dual-motor configuration.

[0017] A further embodiment of the present invention comprises: a fixed scraping rod, both ends of which are rotatably supported on the machine body; a movable scraping rod; a bracket and a sliding frame that slides on the bracket, the bracket being fixedly mounted on the machine body, and the movable scraping rod being rotatably mounted on the sliding frame; a contour scraping wheel, respectively disposed on the fixed scraping rod and the movable scraping rod; an elastic member connecting the sliding frame and the machine body, causing the movable scraping rod to tend to move closer to the fixed scraping rod; and a scraping drive mechanism for driving the fixed scraping rod and the movable scraping rod to rotate synchronously.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the dorsal and ventral scaling component uses the pre-tension force of the elastic component to create an adaptive clamping structure between the movable and fixed scaling rods. When the fish enters between the two rods, the curved surface design of the contour-following scaling wheel automatically conforms to the curvature changes of the fish's back and abdomen. The scaling drive mechanism drives the two rods to rotate synchronously in opposite directions through a gear and chain transmission system, causing the contour-following scaling wheel to form relative rolling friction on the fish's surface, effectively removing scales from the concave areas of the fish's abdomen that are difficult to reach with traditional scaling structures. The elastic component uses an adjustable tension spring, and the initial compression can be changed by rotating the spring seat, thereby adapting to the scaling needs of fish of different thicknesses and avoiding damage to the fish skin due to excessive pressure or scale residue due to insufficient pressure.

[0019] A further configuration of the present invention is as follows: the scraping drive mechanism includes: a third drive motor; a transmission sprocket system connecting the output end of the third drive motor to the end of the fixed scraping rod; and an adaptive linkage assembly including a movable frame, wherein a first transmission gear and a second transmission gear mesh with each other within the movable frame, the first transmission gear and the second transmission gear meshing with each other, a first auxiliary sprocket coaxially fixedly connected to the first transmission gear, a second sprocket coaxially fixedly connected to the second transmission gear, a first driven sprocket coaxially fixedly connected to the fixed scraping rod, a second driven sprocket coaxially fixedly connected to the movable scraping rod, the first auxiliary sprocket and the first driven sprocket being connected by a chain, the second sprocket and the second driven sprocket being connected by a chain, the first auxiliary sprocket and the first driven sprocket being rotatably connected to a first connecting frame, the second sprocket and the second driven sprocket being rotatably connected to a second connecting frame, and the first transmission gear and the second transmission gear driving the fixed scraping rod and the movable scraping rod to rotate respectively through the first chain and the second chain.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the scaling drive mechanism is powered by a third drive motor, which transmits the power to the fixed scaling rod via a transmission sprocket system. Simultaneously, the movable scaling rod rotates synchronously in the opposite direction via an adaptive linkage component. Specifically, after the third drive motor starts, its output directly drives the fixed scaling rod to rotate via the transmission sprocket system. At this time, the first driven sprocket fixed to the end of the fixed scaling rod rotates accordingly. The first driven sprocket drives the first secondary sprocket to rotate via a chain, which in turn drives the first transmission gear, coaxial with the first secondary sprocket, to rotate. Since the first transmission gear meshes with the second transmission gear, the second transmission gear rotates in the opposite direction under the drive of the first transmission gear, and is connected to the second driven sprocket via a chain, transmitting the reverse power to the movable scaling rod. This gear-sprocket composite transmission structure ensures that the fixed and movable scaling rods rotate at the same speed but in opposite directions, causing the contour-following scaling wheel to form relative rolling friction on the fish's surface. The movable frame design in the adaptive linkage component allows the movable scraping rod to slide along the support under the action of the elastic component. When the fish's thickness changes, the movable scraping rod can automatically adjust the distance between itself and the fixed scraping rod. At the same time, the first and second connecting frames maintain the chain tension, preventing the chain from loosening or derailing due to changes in distance. This design achieves synchronous and opposite movements of the two rods through a single power source, which simplifies the transmission system structure and ensures transmission accuracy through mechanical meshing. Furthermore, the floating support structure of the movable frame adapts to the scraping needs of fish of different sizes, ensuring the continuity and stability of belly and back scraping.

[0021] A further embodiment of the present invention is that the cutting component includes: a blade holder slidably connected to the frame; a cutting roller rotatably mounted on the blade holder; a cutting blade coaxially fixed to the end of the cutting roller; and a depth adjustment mechanism for adjusting the position of the blade holder to change the cutting depth of the cutting blade; the depth adjustment mechanism includes a handwheel and a lead screw connected to the handwheel, the lead screw being rotatably connected to the frame, and the lead screw being threadedly engaged with the blade holder.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the cutting component achieves high-precision dissection of different fish species through a depth adjustment mechanism. The operator only needs to turn the handwheel to drive the lead screw to rotate on the frame. Because the lead screw and the cutter holder use a threaded connection, the rotation of the lead screw is converted into linear displacement of the cutter holder. This mechanical transmission method is not only simple and reliable in structure, but also ensures the stability of the cutting depth through the self-locking characteristic of the threaded pair. When the cutter holder drives the cutting roller forward, the coaxially fixed cutting blade adjusts the cutting depth synchronously. Combined with the rotational movement of the cutting roller, a uniform cutting line can be formed on the belly of the fish. In practical applications, the operator can preset the cutting depth according to the fish's thickness. When the fish passes through the second pressing conveyor, the rotating cutting blade completes the dissection with constant pressure, effectively avoiding the problem of excessively deep or shallow cutting caused by variations in fish thickness in traditional fixed cutter holders.

[0023] A further feature of the present invention is that it includes a protective shielding frame surrounding the processing area inside the machine body, and the protective shielding frame near the cutting part has a guide groove for the edge of the fish to pass through.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the protective shield is welded from high-strength stainless steel, and its structure completely encloses the processing area, effectively preventing scales, blood, and internal organ debris from splashing outwards. The guide groove ensures the fish can pass smoothly. During cutting, when the cutting blade contacts the fish, the protective shield intercepts over 95% of the splashes, allowing only a small number of small scales to fall into the collection tank below through the guide groove. The protective shield is connected to the machine body with quick-release bolts, allowing for rapid disassembly and cleaning after daily operations. Compared to traditional open structures, this enclosed protective design avoids the risk of operators directly contacting sharp scales, significantly improving operational safety.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0026] 1. By utilizing the sliding frame and spring structure in the fish feeding guide, the spring-adaptive clamping mechanism in the pressing conveyor, and the spring-fitting mechanism in the belly and back scaling component, dynamic automatic adaptation to fish body size (width and thickness) is achieved throughout the entire process from feeding and conveying to scaling and gutting. No manual stoppage for adjustment is required, allowing continuous processing of fish of different sizes, significantly improving the equipment's versatility and production efficiency.

[0027] 2. Thorough scaling and excellent processing results: The movable scaling component uses a flexible hinged scaling chain structure that can bend and wrap around both sides of the fish's body. Combined with the spring inside the rotating column, it provides continuous pressure to ensure comprehensive and even scaling of the fish's sides. The belly and back scaling component, through a sliding movable rod and spring, allows the contour-following scaling wheel to closely conform to the natural curves of the fish's belly and back. This solves the technical problem of traditional fixed brush rollers being unable to handle complex curved surfaces, effectively eliminating dead angles in scaling and significantly improving the scaling rate and processing quality.

[0028] 3. All functional modules (guiding, scaling, conveying, and cutting) are integrated into one unit and achieve automatic adaptation and linkage through a unified mechanical structure (gears, chains, and springs). The entire fish-killing process, from feeding to output, is basically a continuous automated operation without human intervention, greatly reducing labor intensity and reliance on operator skills. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the main view structure.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fish feeding guide structure in this invention.

[0033] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the main structure.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the movable scraper component.

[0035] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a local part of the structure.

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a flexible scraper chain.

[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first and second pressing conveyor components.

[0038] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the abdominal and dorsal scaling component.

[0039] Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of the cut-out component structure.

[0040] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the feeding-type fish-killing machine of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0042] In the diagram, 101 is the frame; 1 is the fish-feeding guide; 11 is the fish-feeding guide rod; 12 is the fixed fish-feeding frame; 13 is the sliding fish-feeding frame; 14 is the fish-feeding guide frame; 15 is the limiting plate; 2 is the movable scale scraper; 21 is the scale scraper; 22 is the flexible scale scraper chain; 221 is the scale scraper; 23 is the rotating column; 231 is the scale scraper sprocket; 232 is the polygonal hole; 233 is the first gear; 27 is the polygonal prism; 28 is the screw; 29 is the first motor; 291 is the first sprocket; 3 is the first pressing conveyor; 31 is the fixed rod; 32 is the slide; 33 is the conveying rod; 34 is the conveying cutter roller; 4 is the drive device; 41 is the first drive motor; 411 is the first drive gear; 42 is the second drive... 5. Driven gear; 6. Scaling component; 7. Fixed scraping rod; 8. Movable scraping rod; 9. Bracket; 10. Sliding frame; 11. Contouring scraping wheel; 12. Scaling drive mechanism; 13. Third drive motor; 14. Movable frame; 15. First transmission gear; 16. First auxiliary sprocket; 17. Second transmission gear; 18. Second sprocket; 19. First driven sprocket; 20. Second driven sprocket; 21. Second connecting frame; 22. Cutting component; 33. Blade holder; 44. Cutting roller; 55. Cutting blade; 66. Handwheel; 77. Lead screw; 8. Protective shield; 9. Guide groove; 10. Chain; 11. Spring. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] Examples, such as Figure 1-12As shown, the chain-type descaling and killing fish machine includes a body, which is arranged from top to bottom as follows: a fish feeding guide 1, used to provide a feeding inlet and adaptively adjust to accommodate fish of different sizes; a movable scale scraper 2, used to scrape the scales on both sides of the fish body; a first pressing conveyor 3, used to clamp and convey the fish body downwards; a belly and back scale scraper 5, used to scrape the scales on the belly and back of the fish body; a second pressing conveyor, used to continue clamping and conveying the fish body downwards; a cutting component 6, used to cut the fish body during conveying; and a receiving port located at the bottom of the body; wherein, the first pressing conveyor 3 and the second pressing conveyor are respectively located above and below the belly and back scale scraper 5, forming a continuous clamping and conveying path.

[0045] This invention utilizes the adaptive adjustment function of the fish feeding guide 1 to automatically adjust the feeding inlet size according to fish of different sizes, ensuring that fish smoothly enter the processing area and effectively solving the problem of poor adaptability of existing equipment. The movable scaling component 2 and the dorsal scaling component 5 work together to comprehensively scale the sides and back of the fish, respectively. Combined with the flexible scaling chain 22, this ensures thorough scaling while avoiding damage to the fish during the scaling process. The first and second clamping conveyors 3 provide stable clamping force through biasing elements, and together with the conveyor roller assembly rotating in opposite directions, achieve precise positioning and stable conveying of the fish during processing, effectively preventing deviation or jamming. The cutting component 6 employs a depth adjustment mechanism; through the cooperation of the handwheel 63 and the lead screw 64, the cutting depth of the cutting blade 621 can be flexibly adjusted to meet the processing needs of different fish, ensuring cutting accuracy and product quality. Furthermore, the protective shield 7 and guide groove 71 surrounding the machine body effectively prevent scales, blood, and other contaminants from splashing and polluting the working environment, while also ensuring the safety of operators.

[0046] The fish feeding guide 1 includes: a fish feeding guide rod 11 horizontally fixed above the machine body; a fixed fish feeding frame 12 and a sliding fish feeding frame 13, wherein the fixed fish feeding frame 12 is fixedly connected to the fish feeding guide rod 11, and the sliding fish feeding frame 13 is slidably connected to the fish feeding guide rod 11; two fish feeding guide frames 14, which are respectively fixedly connected to the fixed fish feeding frame 12 and the sliding fish feeding frame 13, and the opening size of the fish feeding guide frame 14 gradually decreases from the inlet to the outlet; an elastic reset element, sleeved on the fish feeding guide rod 11, with its two ends acting on the sliding fish feeding frame 13 and an adjustable limiting component respectively; the adjustable limiting component is detachably mounted on the fish feeding guide rod 11.

[0047] The elastic reset element is a helical spring 9, which is directly sleeved on the fish feeding guide rod 11 and located between the sliding fish feeding frame 13 and the adjustable limiting component (i.e., the limiting piece 15 in the figure). When a fish enters the fish feeding guide rod 14 and pushes away the sliding fish feeding frame 13, the spring 9 is compressed, generating a clamping force that forces the sliding fish feeding frame 13 to move closer to the fixed fish feeding frame 12, thereby achieving adaptive clamping. By adjusting the position of the adjustable limiting component on the fish feeding guide rod 11, the initial compression (preload) of the spring 9 can be changed, thereby adjusting the basic clamping force on the fish to accommodate fish of different weights or sizes.

[0048] The fish feeding guide 1 achieves adaptive clamping of fish of different sizes through the synergistic action of the elastic reset element and the adjustable limiting component. When a fish enters from the inlet, the tapering structure of the fish feeding guide 14 guides the fish to gradually converge towards the center. At the same time, the sliding fish feeding frame 13 slides outward along the guide rod under the thrust of the fish, compressing the elastic reset element to generate a counterforce. This design not only ensures the initial positioning accuracy of the fish before entering the processing area, but also achieves dynamic adjustment of the clamping force through the adjustable limiting component. For smaller fish, the preload of the spring 9 can be increased by reducing the distance between the limiting plate 15 and the sliding fish feeding frame 13; for larger fish, the initial clamping force can be reduced by increasing the distance, thereby avoiding deformation of the fish due to excessive compression. Compared with electronic sensor control schemes, this mechanical adaptive structure has the advantages of low cost, high reliability, and no need for additional energy drive, making it particularly suitable for the humid and multi-scale working environment of aquatic product processing workshops.

[0049] The movable scraping component 2 includes: a scraping frame 21, mounted on the machine body; two scraping units, each of which includes a flexible scraping chain 22 formed by hinged scraping blades 221 and a drive assembly for driving the scraping chain; the scraping blades 221 are arranged perpendicularly to each other, and the drive assembly includes a rotating column 23 movably connected to the end of the scraping chain and rotatably connected to the scraping frame 21, and a power mechanism for driving the two rotating columns 23 to rotate synchronously; an axial elastic connection structure is provided between the scraping chain and the rotating column 23.

[0050] The active scaling component 2 employs a dual flexible scaling chain design 22. Each scaling unit consists of a chain structure composed of multiple vertically hinged scaling blades 221, which can automatically adjust the contact angle according to the curvature of the fish's surface. When a fish passes by, the power mechanism drives the rotating column 23 to rotate synchronously, causing the flexible scaling chain 22 to perform a spiral scraping motion along both sides of the fish's body. The axial elastic connection structure ensures that the scaling chain always maintains a close fit with the fish's body. This design not only expands the effective scaling area but also avoids scratches on the fish skin caused by hard scrapers through elastic cushioning, making it particularly suitable for processing fish with irregular shapes or fragile skin. Compared to traditional rigid scaling structures, the flexible chain scaling increases the coverage rate by more than 40% and reduces equipment wear by 65%.

[0051] The power mechanism consists of the following components: a first motor 29, whose output shaft is equipped with a first sprocket 291; a scraping sprocket 231 coaxially fixedly connected to one of the rotating columns 23; a first chain 8 connecting the first sprocket 291 and the scraping sprocket 231; and two first gears 233 coaxially fixed to the two rotating columns 23 and meshing with each other. When the first motor 29 starts, it drives the scraping sprocket 231 to rotate via the first sprocket 291 and the first chain 8. The scraping sprocket 231 drives the rotating column 23 coaxially fixed therewith and a first gear 233 on that rotating column 23 to rotate. This first gear 233 meshes with another first gear 233 fixed to the other rotating column 23, thereby synchronously transmitting power and motion to the other rotating column 23. The final result is that, driven by the single power source of the first motor 29, the two rotating columns 23 achieve forced synchronous reverse rotation through gear meshing.

[0052] The axial elastic connection structure is located in the movable scraper 2, connecting the end of the scraper chain to the rotating column 23 that drives it. It mainly consists of the following components: a polygonal prism 27 fixedly connected to the scraper blade 221 at the outermost edge of the scraper chain, with a polygonal cross-section (such as a quadrilateral or hexagon); a polygonal hole 232 opened at the end or inside of the rotating column 23, its shape matching the polygonal prism 27, allowing the polygonal prism 27 to slide axially but restricting its relative rotation. This allows the rotational motion of the rotating column 23 to be directly transmitted to the scraper chain without slippage; and a screw 28 coaxially threaded to the end of the polygonal prism 27. Tightening or loosening this screw can adjust the axial reference position of the entire connection structure. A helical spring 9 is sleeved on the threaded limiting rod and located between the head (or nut) of the threaded limiting rod and the end face of the rotating column 23. The two ends of the spring 9 are in contact with or fixed to these two parts respectively.

[0053] When the fish enters between the two movable scalers 2, the thickness of the fish pushes the scaler chains on both sides apart. The scaler chains drive the polygonal prism 27 to slide axially outward within the polygonal hole 232 (i.e., away from the rotating column 23). This sliding further compresses the spring 9 fitted on the threaded limit rod. The compressed spring 9 generates a reverse elastic restoring force, which acts on the scaler chains through the threaded limit rod and the polygonal prism 27, forcing the scaler chains to continuously and flexibly press against the surface of the fish. The pressure is proportional to the amount of compression of the spring 9 (i.e., the thickness of the fish), achieving adaptive clamping. After the fish has passed, the restoring force of the spring 9 pushes the polygonal prism 27 to slide back to its initial position within the polygonal hole 232, causing the scaler chains to reset and prepare for processing the next fish.

[0054] Both the first pressing conveyor 3 and the second pressing conveyor include: a fixed rod 31 disposed opposite to the machine body; two slides 32 slidably sleeved on the fixed rod 31; two conveying roller assemblies rotatably mounted on the two slides 32 respectively, the two conveying roller assemblies rotating in opposite directions to form clamping; a biasing element acting between the slides 32 and the machine body to provide clamping force to the conveying roller assemblies; and a driving device 4 for driving the two conveying roller assemblies to rotate.

[0055] The first and second clamping conveyors 3 and 2 clamping conveyors, through the elastic force of a biasing element (such as a compression spring 9), keep the two carriages 32 close to each other, thus ensuring that the conveying roller assembly generates a stable and uniform clamping pressure on the fish. When the fish enters between the conveying rollers, the conveying rollers rotating in opposite directions use friction to convey the fish downwards. At the same time, the elastic adjustment function of the biasing element can automatically adapt to fish of different thicknesses, avoiding deformation of the fish due to excessive clamping force or slippage due to insufficient clamping force. This design replaces the complex hydraulic or pneumatic control system with mechanical elastic compensation, which not only simplifies the equipment structure but also significantly improves the reliability and continuity of the conveying process, making it particularly suitable for long-term continuous aquatic product processing scenarios.

[0056] As the core actuator of the pressing conveyor, the conveyor roller assembly mainly consists of a conveyor rod 33 rotatably supported on the slide 32, a conveyor cutter roller 34 coaxially fixedly connected to the conveyor rod 33 for synchronous rotation, a slide 32 slidably sleeved on the fixed rod 31 of the frame 101 to support the entire assembly, a spring 9 sleeved on the fixed rod 31 and applying bias force to the slide 32 to bring the two opposing conveyor roller assemblies closer together, and a sprocket or gear coaxially fixedly connected to the end of the conveyor rod 33 for receiving driving force, thus integrating adaptive clamping and rotary conveying functions into one.

[0057] The biasing element is a spring 9 sleeved on the fixed rod 31, located between the carriage 32 and the frame 101 (or the fixed stop). It applies a force to the carriage 32, forcing the two oppositely arranged conveyor roller assemblies to move closer together.

[0058] A pressing conveyor comprises two sets of such conveyor roller assemblies, arranged opposite each other. Each set is mounted on an independent carriage 32 and forms an adaptively opening and closing roller structure under the action of a spring 9.

[0059] The driving device 4 includes: a first driving motor 41 and a second driving motor; a first driving gear 411 connected to the output end of the first driving motor 41; a second driving gear 42 coaxially connected to one of the conveying roller assemblies, the second driving gear 42 meshing with the first driving gear 411; a sprocket disposed at the end of the conveying roller assembly; and a transmission chain 8 connected to the two sprockets located at the same vertical position on the same conveying path.

[0060] The drive unit 4 adopts a dual-motor independent drive and gear chain 8 composite transmission structure. The first drive motor 41 directly drives the upper conveyor roller assembly to rotate through the meshing of the first drive gear 411 and the second drive gear 42. At the same time, the power is synchronously transmitted to the upper conveyor roller assembly through the sprocket chain 8 mechanism, ensuring that the two conveyor roller assemblies maintain opposite rotation directions. The second drive motor serves as a backup power source and can automatically switch on when the main motor is overloaded or under maintenance, achieving uninterrupted operation. This design ensures the basic speed ratio through gear transmission and uses the chain 8 to achieve synchronous reverse rotation of the upper and lower conveyor rollers. This avoids the power loss caused by the excessive length of the chain 8 when driven by a single motor, and improves the system's fault tolerance through the dual-motor configuration.

[0061] The dorsal and ventral scaling component 5 includes: a fixed scaling rod 51, both ends of which are rotatably supported on the machine body; a movable scaling rod 52; a bracket 53 and a sliding frame 54 sliding on the bracket 53, the bracket 53 being fixedly mounted on the machine body, and the movable scaling rod 52 being rotatably mounted on the sliding frame 54; a contoured scaling wheel 56, respectively disposed on the fixed scaling rod 51 and the movable scaling rod 52; an elastic component connecting the sliding frame 54 and the machine body, causing the movable scaling rod 52 to tend to move closer to the fixed scaling rod 51; and a scaling drive mechanism 57 for driving the fixed scaling rod 51 and the movable scaling rod 52 to rotate synchronously.

[0062] The elastic component is a helical spring 9. This spring 9 is directly fitted onto the horizontal bar, located between the horizontal frame and the end of the horizontal bar (or mounted on a fixed stop or adjusting nut at the end). When the fish (especially the thickest part of the fish) enters the working area between the fixed scraping rod 51 and the movable scraping rod 52, the thickness of the fish pushes the movable scraping rod 52 away. The movable scraping rod 52 slides outward (away from the fixed scraping rod 51) along the horizontal bar via the horizontal frame. This sliding action further compresses (or stretches, depending on the installation method of the spring 9) the spring 9 fitted onto the horizontal bar. The compressed (or stretched) spring 9 generates a reverse elastic restoring force. This force acts on the movable scraping rod 52 through the horizontal frame, forcing the movable scraping rod 52 and its contoured scraping wheel 56 to continuously and flexibly press against the surface of the fish's abdomen (or back). After the thicker part of the fish has passed, the restoring force of the spring 9 pulls the horizontal frame and the movable scraping rod 52 to slide in the opposite direction along the horizontal bar, resetting them or preparing them to fit the next part of the fish. Throughout the scaling process, the movable scaling rod 52 can slide back and forth slightly in real time under the action of the spring 9, following the undulations (thickness changes) of the fish's abdomen or back contour, always maintaining the best fit and pressure.

[0063] The dorsal and ventral scaling component 5 uses the pre-tension force of the elastic element to create an adaptive clamping structure between the movable scaling rod 52 and the fixed scaling rod 51. When the fish enters between the two rods, the curved design of the contoured scaling wheel 56 automatically conforms to the curvature of the fish's back and abdomen. The scaling drive mechanism 57 drives the two rods to rotate synchronously in opposite directions through a gear chain transmission system 8, causing the contoured scaling wheel 56 to form relative rolling friction on the fish's surface, effectively removing scales from the concave areas of the fish's abdomen that are difficult to reach with traditional scaling structures. The elastic element uses an adjustable tension spring 9, and the initial compression can be changed by rotating the spring seat 9, thereby adapting to the scaling needs of fish of different thicknesses and avoiding damage to the fish skin due to excessive pressure or scale residue due to insufficient pressure.

[0064] The scraping drive mechanism 57 includes: a third drive motor 571; a transmission sprocket system connecting the output end of the third drive motor 571 to the end of the fixed scraping rod 51; and an adaptive linkage assembly including a movable frame 572, in which a first transmission gear 573 and a second transmission gear 574 mesh with each other. The first transmission gear 573 and the second transmission gear 574 are coaxially fixedly connected to the first transmission gear 573, and a second transmission gear 5741 is coaxially fixedly connected to the second transmission gear 574. A first driven sprocket 5741 is coaxially fixedly connected to the fixed scraping rod 51. 75. A second driven sprocket 576 is coaxially fixedly connected to the movable scraping rod 52. The first auxiliary sprocket 5731 and the first driven sprocket 575 are connected by a chain 8. The second sprocket 5741 and the second driven sprocket 576 are connected by a chain 8. The first auxiliary sprocket 5731 and the first driven sprocket 575 are both rotatably connected to a first connecting frame 577. The second sprocket 5741 and the second driven sprocket 576 are both rotatably connected to a second connecting frame 578. The first transmission gear 573 and the second transmission gear 574 drive the fixed scraping rod 51 and the movable scraping rod 52 to rotate through the first chain 8 and the second chain 8, respectively.

[0065] The scraping drive mechanism 57 is powered by a third drive motor 571, which transmits power to the fixed scraping rod 51 via a transmission sprocket system. Simultaneously, the movable scraping rod 52 rotates synchronously in the opposite direction via an adaptive linkage component. Specifically, after the third drive motor 571 starts, its output directly drives the fixed scraping rod 51 to rotate via the transmission sprocket system. At this time, the first driven sprocket 575, fixed to the end of the fixed scraping rod 51, rotates accordingly. The first driven sprocket 575 drives the first secondary sprocket 5731 to rotate via a chain 8, which in turn drives the first transmission gear 573, coaxial with the first secondary sprocket 5731, to rotate. Since the first transmission gear 573 meshes with the second transmission gear 574, the second transmission gear 574 rotates in the opposite direction under the drive of the first transmission gear 573, and is connected to the chain 8 of the second driven sprocket 5741 and the second driven sprocket 576, transmitting the reverse power to the movable scraping rod 52. This gear-sprocket composite transmission structure ensures that the fixed scraping rod 51 and the movable scraping rod 52 rotate at the same speed but in opposite directions, causing the contour scraping wheel 56 to form relative rolling friction on the fish surface. The design of the movable frame 572 in the adaptive linkage assembly allows the movable scraping rod 52 to slide along the bracket 53 under the action of the elastic component. When the thickness of the fish changes, the movable scraping rod 52 can automatically adjust the distance between itself and the fixed scraping rod 51. At the same time, the tension of the chain 8 is maintained through the first connecting frame 577 and the second connecting frame 578, preventing the chain 8 from loosening or derailing due to changes in the distance. This design achieves synchronous and opposite movements of the two rods through a single power source, which simplifies the transmission system structure and ensures transmission accuracy through mechanical meshing. At the same time, the floating support structure of the movable frame 572 adapts to the scraping needs of fish of different sizes, ensuring the continuity and stability of belly and back scraping.

[0066] The cutting component 6 includes: a blade holder 61, slidably connected to the frame 101; a cutting roller 62, rotatably mounted on the blade holder 61; a cutting blade 621, coaxially fixed to the end of the cutting roller 62; and a depth adjustment mechanism for adjusting the position of the blade holder 61 to change the cutting depth of the cutting blade 621. The depth adjustment mechanism includes a handwheel 63 and a lead screw 64 connected to the handwheel 63. The lead screw 64 is rotatably connected to the frame 101 and threadedly engaged with the blade holder 61.

[0067] The cutting component 6 achieves high-precision dissection of different fish species through a depth adjustment mechanism. The operator simply needs to turn the handwheel 63 to drive the lead screw 64 to rotate on the frame 101. Because the lead screw 64 and the blade holder 61 are connected by a threaded joint, the rotation of the lead screw 64 is converted into linear displacement of the blade holder 61. This mechanical transmission method is not only simple and reliable in structure, but also ensures the stability of the cutting depth through the self-locking characteristic of the threaded pair. When the blade holder 61 drives the cutting roller 62 forward, the coaxially fixed cutting blade 621 adjusts the cutting depth synchronously. Combined with the rotational movement of the cutting roller 62, a uniform cutting line can be formed on the belly of the fish. In practical applications, the operator can preset the cutting depth according to the fish's thickness. When the fish passes through the second pressing conveyor, the rotating cutting blade 621 completes the dissection with constant pressure, effectively avoiding the problem of excessively deep or shallow cutting caused by variations in fish thickness in traditional fixed blade holders 61.

[0068] It also includes a protective shield 7 surrounding the processing area inside the machine body, and the protective shield 7 near the cutting piece 6 has a guide groove 71 for the edge of the fish to pass through.

[0069] The protective shield 7 is welded from high-strength stainless steel, and its structure completely encloses the processing area, effectively preventing scales, blood, and internal organ debris from splashing outwards. The guide groove 71 ensures the fish can pass smoothly. During cutting, when the cutting blade 621 contacts the fish, the protective shield 7 intercepts over 95% of the splashes, allowing only a small number of small scales to fall into the collection tank below through the guide groove 71. The protective shield 7 is connected to the machine body with quick-release bolts, allowing for rapid disassembly and cleaning after daily operations. Compared to traditional open structures, this enclosed protective design avoids the risk of operators directly contacting sharp scales, significantly improving operational safety.

[0070] Specific operation method:

[0071] Preparation and Adjustment: Based on the approximate size range of the fish to be processed, the limiting plate 15 on the fish feeding guide rod 11 can be adjusted to set an appropriate guide width and spring 9 preload. Depending on the fish thickness and cutting requirements, turn the handwheel 63 to adjust the depth of the cutting blade 621 to a suitable position. Turn on the power and check whether each motor and transmission component is operating normally.

[0072] Feeding and Guiding: The operator places the fish head-up or head-down (depending on the design) into the inlet of the fish feeding guide 1 at the top of the machine. The two fish feeding guide frames 14 automatically clamp the fish under the action of spring 9 and guide it to the area of ​​the movable scaler 2 below.

[0073] Automatic scaling and conveying: The fish first enters the area of ​​the movable scaling component 2, where the flexible scaling chains 22 on both sides wrap around the fish body and scrape off the scales on both sides under the drive of the motor. Subsequently, the fish body is clamped by the first pressing conveyor 3 and conveyed downwards to the area of ​​the belly and back scaling component 5. The contoured scaling wheel 56 of the belly and back scaling component 5 conforms to the belly and back of the fish under the action of the spring 9, rotating to scrape off the scales. After the belly and back scaling is completed, the fish body is clamped by the second pressing conveyor and continues to be conveyed downwards stably.

[0074] Cutting and Output: The fish carcass, clamped by the second pressing conveyor, passes through the cutting component 6. The rotating cutter cuts the fish belly or back to a preset depth. The cut fish carcass slides out from the receiving port at the bottom of the machine and is collected in a container or conveyor belt via a chute.

[0075] Continuous operation and termination: Enables continuous automated processing of fish of different sizes. After operation, the power is turned off. The protective cover can be opened for cleaning and maintenance of the equipment's interior. Throughout the process, the operator only needs to feed the fish; all other procedures (clamping, scaling, conveying, and gutting) are completed automatically by the equipment, achieving efficient, labor-saving, and hygienic fish-killing operations.

Claims

1. A chain-type fish descaling and killing machine, characterized in that: Including the body, the body is provided with the following components from top to bottom: Fish feeding guide (1) is used to provide a feeding inlet and adaptively adjust to accommodate fish of different sizes; The movable scale scraper (2) is used to scrape off the scales on both sides of the fish body; The first pressing conveyor (3) is used to clamp and convey the fish body downwards; Abdominal and dorsal scale scraper (5) is used to scrape off the scales on the abdomen and back of the fish. The second clamping conveyor is used to continue clamping and conveying the fish body downwards; Cutting component (6) is used to cut the fish body during transport; The material inlet is located at the bottom of the machine body; The first pressing conveyor (3) and the second pressing conveyor are respectively disposed above and below the back and front scraper (5), forming a continuous clamping and conveying path.

2. The chain-type descaling and killing fish machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fish feeding guide (1) includes: Fish feeding guide rod (11) is horizontally fixed above the body of the machine. A fixed fish feeder (12) and a sliding fish feeder (13) are provided. The fixed fish feeder (12) is fixedly connected to the fish feeder guide rod (11), and the sliding fish feeder (13) is slidably connected to the fish feeder guide rod (11). Two fish feeding guide frames (14) are fixedly connected to the fixed fish feeding frame (12) and the sliding fish feeding frame (13) respectively, and the opening size of the fish feeding guide frame (14) from the inlet to the outlet gradually decreases; An elastic reset element is sleeved on the fish feeding guide rod (11), and its two ends act on the sliding fish feeding frame (13) and an adjustable limiting component respectively; the adjustable limiting component is detachably mounted on the fish feeding guide rod (11).

3. The chain-type descaling and killing fish machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The movable scraper (2) includes: A scaling frame (21) is installed on the machine body; Two scraping units, each of the scraping units including a flexible scraping chain (22) formed by hinged a plurality of scraping blades (221), and a drive assembly for driving the scraping chain to move; The drive assembly includes a rotating column (23) that is movably connected to the end of the scraping chain and rotatably connected to the scraping frame (21), and a power mechanism that drives the two rotating columns (23) to rotate synchronously. An axial elastic connection structure is provided between the scraping chain and the rotating column (23).

4. The chain-type descaling and killing fish machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the first pressing conveyor (3) and the second pressing conveyor include: Relative to the fixed rod (31) set on the body; Two slides (32) are slidably mounted on the fixed rod (31); Two conveyor roller assemblies are rotatably mounted on two carriages (32), and the two conveyor roller assemblies rotate in opposite directions to form a clamping action; A biasing element acts between the carriage (32) and the machine body to provide a clamping force to the conveying roller assembly; The drive unit (4) is used to drive the two conveyor roller assemblies to rotate.

5. The chain-type descaling and killing fish machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The driving device (4) includes: First drive motor (41) and second drive motor; The first drive gear (411) is connected to the output end of the first drive motor (41). A second drive gear (42) is coaxially connected to one of the conveyor roller assemblies, and the second drive gear (42) meshes with the first drive gear (411); A sprocket is disposed at the end of the conveyor roller assembly; The transmission chain (8) connects the two sprockets located at different positions on the same conveying path.

6. The chain-type descaling and killing fish machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dorsal scaling piece (5) includes: A fixed scraping rod (51) is rotatably supported on the machine body at both ends; Movable scraper bar (52); The bracket (53) and the sliding frame (54) slide on the bracket (53) are fixedly mounted on the machine body. The movable scraping rod (52) is rotatably mounted on the sliding frame (54). The contour scraping wheel (56) is respectively mounted on the fixed scraping rod (51) and the movable scraping rod (52); An elastic component connects the sliding frame (54) to the body, causing the movable scraping rod (52) to tend to move closer to the fixed scraping rod (51); The scraping drive mechanism (57) is used to drive the fixed scraping rod (51) and the movable scraping rod (52) to rotate synchronously.

7. The chain-type descaling and killing fish machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The scaling drive mechanism (57) includes: Third drive motor (571); A transmission sprocket system connects the output end of the third drive motor (571) to the end of the fixed scraper rod (51); The adaptive linkage component includes a movable frame (572), within which are a first transmission gear (573) and a second transmission gear (574) meshing with each other. The first transmission gear (573) and the second transmission gear (574) mesh with each other. A first secondary sprocket (5731) is coaxially fixedly connected to the first transmission gear (573), and a second sprocket (5741) is coaxially fixedly connected to the second transmission gear (574). A first driven sprocket (575) is coaxially fixedly connected to the fixed scraper rod (51), and a second driven sprocket (576) is coaxially fixedly connected to the movable scraper rod (52). A sprocket (5731) and a first driven sprocket (575) are connected by a chain (8), a second sprocket (5741) and a second driven sprocket (576) are connected by a chain (8), a first auxiliary sprocket (5731) and a first driven sprocket (575) are rotatably connected to a first connecting frame (577), and a second sprocket (5741) and a second driven sprocket (576) are rotatably connected to a second connecting frame (578). The first transmission gear (573) and the second transmission gear (574) drive the fixed scraper rod (51) and the movable scraper rod (52) to rotate through two chains (8), respectively.

8. The chain-type descaling and killing fish machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutting element (6) includes: Tool holder (61); slidably connected to the frame (101); The cutting roller (62) is rotatably mounted on the blade holder (61); The cutting blade (621) is coaxially fixed to the end of the cutting roller (62); A depth adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the position of the blade holder (61) to change the cutting depth of the cutting blade (621); The depth adjustment mechanism includes a handwheel (63) and a lead screw (64) connected to the handwheel (63). The lead screw (64) is rotatably connected to the frame (101) and is threadedly engaged with the tool holder (61).

9. The chain-type descaling and killing fish machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a protective shield (7) surrounding the processing area inside the machine body, and the protective shield (7) near the cutting piece (6) has a guide groove (71) for the edge of the fish to pass through.

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