Negative-pressure self-sealing anti-blocking drainage system for arthroscopic surgery

Abstract

The invention relates to a negative pressure self-sealing anti-blocking drainage system for arthroscopic surgery, which belongs to the technical field of medical instruments and comprises a movable integrated structure which integrates a negative pressure transmission unit, a double-tank separation and collection unit, a liquid path switching unit and an intelligent control unit. The negative pressure transmission unit provides stable negative pressure power to guarantee efficient drainage of waste liquid; the double-tank separation and collection unit realizes closed collection and accurate metering of waste liquid, and pretreatment of the waste liquid reduces blockage; the liquid path switching unit ensures that drainage is seamlessly connected and is not interrupted when the double tanks are switched; the intelligent control unit monitors the drainage state in real time, the anti-blocking flushing function is linked to dredge the pipeline in time, and operation is convenient and fast through a man-machine interaction interface. By means of the system, closed and uninterrupted drainage of operation waste liquid is achieved, pollution risks are avoided, surface accumulated water is effectively reduced, personnel in an operation room are prevented from slipping, the operation burden is relieved, and the safety and operation efficiency of arthroscope operation personnel are effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical device technology, specifically to a negative pressure self-sealing anti-blockage drainage system. Background Technology

[0002] In arthroscopic surgery, it is crucial to continuously infuse the joint cavity with saline to expand the operating space and ensure a clear view of the surgical area, while promptly draining waste fluid containing blood and tissue debris. These two aspects must be in dynamic balance; otherwise, it will directly affect the precision of the operation and may even cause discomfort to the patient in the surgical area.

[0003] Currently, the mainstream clinical approach to treating waste fluid is gravity drainage: placing a drainage bag or open collection bucket on the ground next to the operating table, and using the difference between the gravity of the waste fluid and the perfusion pressure in the joint cavity to achieve drainage; some institutions use a simplified improvement method of "alternating two buckets" to reduce the frequency of replacement, but it still relies on gravity and does not solve the core problem.

[0004] This type of approach has several unavoidable drawbacks: First, insufficient drainage power easily leads to tube blockage. Tissue debris in the waste fluid tends to accumulate at bends or joints in the tubing, requiring the surgery to be paused for reverse flushing with saline. This disrupts the surgical rhythm, prolongs anesthesia time, and may also cause overflow of the irrigation fluid due to fluctuations in flushing pressure, contaminating the sterile area. Second, container replacement is risky. When the container is full, the tube needs to be manually clamped and the container changed. The momentary interruption of drainage can cause a sudden increase in intra-articular pressure, blurred vision, and delays in the surgical process. Furthermore, the temporary exposure of the tube opening can easily cause waste fluid to drip and contaminate the environment. If it spills on the ground, it can cause slips and falls for medical staff. The open container can also spread odors and pathogenic aerosols, threatening the health of medical staff. Third, the measurement accuracy is poor. Relying only on the rough scale on the side wall of the container to estimate the amount of waste fluid cannot accurately reflect key information such as the amount of bleeding in the surgical area, affecting postoperative assessment and intervention for complications. Fourth, some negative pressure improvement schemes have limited practicality. Although they can enhance drainage power, the system structure is complex and the operation is cumbersome. Drainage can still be interrupted when changing containers, and the cost is high, making it difficult to promote in primary healthcare institutions. In summary, existing waste fluid drainage solutions can no longer meet the demands of modern arthroscopic surgery for high efficiency, safety, and precision, and there is an urgent need for innovative systems that can integrate and solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to propose a negative pressure self-sealing anti-clogging drainage system for arthroscopic surgery. This system is achieved by incorporating a negative pressure unit consisting of a miniature diaphragm vacuum pump and a buffer pressure stabilizing tank, a dual-vortex separation tank with a high-precision weighing sensor, a three-way pressure balancing valve to ensure constant negative pressure in both tanks, a fluid path switching slide valve for seamless fluid path switching, and a control system integrating a central processing unit, a signal conditioning module, and a human-machine interface (which can be equipped with a backup flushing component with a solenoid valve). This solves the problems of existing technologies, such as gravity-dependent drainage in arthroscopic surgery leading to easy clogging, the need to interrupt drainage when changing the collection container, odor and pathogenic aerosol contamination due to system openness, insufficient waste fluid metering accuracy, and the complexity of some negative pressure improvement schemes preventing seamless switching.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A negative pressure self-sealing anti-blockage drainage system for arthroscopic surgery includes a mobile integrated vehicle body. The system is characterized by: a lower layer of the mobile integrated vehicle body serving as an equipment compartment, and an upper layer serving as a working area; a negative pressure unit and a control box are fixedly installed inside the equipment compartment; the negative pressure unit is connected to components above the working area via pipes; and the control box is connected to various electrical components of the system via cables; a dual-tank support platform is fixedly installed on the working area platform, on which a first vortex separator and a second vortex separator are detachably placed, the first and second vortex separators having the same structure; a negative pressure distribution and fluid path switching module is fixedly installed above the working area platform via a bracket, the negative pressure distribution and fluid path switching module having a common drainage inlet, two negative pressure outlets, and two fluid path outlets. The common drainage inlet of the negative pressure distribution and fluid switching module is connected to the suction port on the operating table via a drainage hose. The two negative pressure outlets of the negative pressure distribution and fluid switching module are respectively connected to the negative pressure ports on the top of the first vortex separator and the second vortex separator via pipes. The two fluid outlets of the negative pressure distribution and fluid switching module are respectively connected to the tangential inlets on the top of the first vortex separator and the second vortex separator via pipes. Weighing sensors are fixedly installed at the bottom of both the first and second vortex separators, and the weighing sensors are connected to the control box via signal lines. A human-machine interface is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the control box, and the human-machine interface is electrically connected to the control module inside the control box via a cable.

[0008] Furthermore, the negative pressure unit includes a miniature diaphragm vacuum pump and a buffer pressure stabilizing tank. A silencer is fixedly installed at the exhaust port of the miniature diaphragm vacuum pump, and the silencer is fixed to the exhaust port of the miniature diaphragm vacuum pump via a threaded connection. The suction port of the miniature diaphragm vacuum pump is connected to the inlet of the buffer pressure stabilizing tank via a pipe, and the outlet of the buffer pressure stabilizing tank is connected to the common negative pressure inlet of the negative pressure distribution and liquid circuit switching module via a main negative pressure pipe. Both the miniature diaphragm vacuum pump and the buffer pressure stabilizing tank are fixed to the inner wall of the equipment compartment via shock-absorbing brackets.

[0009] Furthermore, both the first and second vortex separators are sealed pressure vessels. The tops of both the first and second vortex separators are connected to a lid via threaded sealing. A negative pressure port is located at the center of each lid, and a tangential liquid inlet is located on the upper side of each lid. The bottoms of both the first and second vortex separators are conical sedimentation hoppers, with a drain valve fixedly installed at the bottom of each hopper via a threaded connection. Transparent observation windows are fixedly installed on the sides of both the first and second vortex separators, with liquid level markings beside each window. A weighing sensor is fixed to the bottoms of both the first and second vortex separators via screws, and its signal line passes through a sealed joint at the bottom of the tank and connects to the control box.

[0010] Furthermore, the negative pressure distribution and liquid circuit switching module includes a three-way pressure balancing valve and a liquid circuit switching slide valve. The liquid circuit switching slide valve is fixedly installed below the three-way pressure balancing valve via an L-shaped bracket. The three-way pressure balancing valve has a common negative pressure inlet, a first negative pressure outlet, and a second negative pressure outlet. The common negative pressure inlet of the three-way pressure balancing valve is connected to the outlet of the buffer pressure stabilizing tank of the negative pressure unit via a pipe. The first negative pressure outlet of the three-way pressure balancing valve is connected to the negative pressure interface of the first vortex separator via a pipe. The second negative pressure outlet of the three-way pressure balancing valve is connected to the... The negative pressure interface of the second vortex separator is connected; the liquid path switching slide valve is provided with a common drainage inlet, a first liquid path outlet, a second liquid path outlet and a spare flushing port. The common drainage inlet of the liquid path switching slide valve is connected to the suction interface of the operating table through a drainage hose. The first liquid path outlet of the liquid path switching slide valve is connected to the tangential liquid inlet of the first vortex separator through a pipe. The second liquid path outlet of the liquid path switching slide valve is connected to the tangential liquid inlet of the second vortex separator through a pipe. The spare flushing port of the liquid path switching slide valve is connected to the saline flushing bag through a pipe with a solenoid valve.

[0011] Furthermore, the three-way pressure balancing valve has a T-shaped integrated structure, and the three ports of the three-way pressure balancing valve are all sealed ports adapted for pipeline connection. The three-way pressure balancing valve is fixed to the support above the working area by a short bracket, and the axis of the three-way pressure balancing valve and the axis of the liquid circuit switching slide valve are on the same vertical line.

[0012] Furthermore, the liquid circuit switching slide valve includes a valve body, a valve core, a drive motor, and a linear guide rail. The valve body is composed of two plates fastened together with screws, and a liquid flow channel is provided inside the valve body. The valve core is nested inside the valve body, and a "U"-shaped guide groove is provided inside the valve core. The base of the linear guide rail is fixed to the bottom of the valve body with screws, and the slider of the linear guide rail is fixed to the bottom of the valve core with screws. The drive motor is fixed to one end of the valve body through a motor mount, and the output shaft of the drive motor is connected to a lead screw through a flexible coupling. The lead screw and the threaded hole on the valve core cooperate to form a lead screw and nut pair. The drive motor is connected to the motor drive module of the control box through a cable.

[0013] Furthermore, the bottom of the mobile integrated vehicle body is fixedly equipped with universal wheels with braking function, and the universal wheels are fixed to the bottom of the mobile integrated vehicle body through threaded connection; the control box is fixedly equipped with a central processing unit, a motor drive module, a signal conditioning circuit and a power supply module, and the central processing unit is electrically connected to the motor drive module, the signal conditioning circuit and the power supply module through cables; the input terminal of the signal conditioning circuit is connected to the weighing sensor through a signal line, and the output terminal of the motor drive module is connected to the drive motor of the liquid circuit switching slide valve and the solenoid valve of the spare flushing port of the liquid circuit switching slide valve through cables; the power supply module supplies power to the central processing unit, the motor drive module, the signal conditioning circuit and the human-machine interface through cables.

[0014] Furthermore, the human-machine interface includes a touch screen and physical buttons. Both the touch screen and the physical buttons are fixedly mounted on the front panel of the control chassis. The touch screen and the physical buttons are electrically connected to the central processing unit via cables. The physical buttons include at least an emergency stop button, a liquid circuit switching button, and a flushing control button. The physical buttons are connected to the circuit board of the front panel of the control chassis by soldering.

[0015] Furthermore, the platform surface of the dual-tank support is provided with two positioning recesses, which are respectively adapted to the tank bodies of the first vortex separator and the second vortex separator. An anti-slip pad is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the positioning recess, and the anti-slip pad is fixed to the inner wall of the positioning recess by adhesive. The dual-tank support platform is fixed to the working area platform by countersunk bolts, and the axis of the dual-tank support platform is on the same vertical line as the axis of the negative pressure distribution and liquid circuit switching module.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0017] This invention features a mobile drainage system that simultaneously incorporates a stable negative pressure transmission structure, a seamless dual-tank switching structure, and an anti-clogging flushing structure. The sealed negative pressure drainage circuit facilitates efficient collection of surgical waste fluid in a closed environment, minimizing the risk of intraoperative contamination. The synergistic effect of the negative pressure balance design and real-time monitoring device ensures stable pressure throughout the drainage process, uninterrupted drainage during dual-tank switching, and a clear surgical field. The anti-clogging flushing function promptly clears the tubing, and real-time monitoring provides early warnings of full tank status, reducing the workload for medical staff, effectively protecting the operating room environment and the health of medical personnel, and improving the safety and efficiency of arthroscopic surgery. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 For the overall assembly structure drawing;

[0019] Figure 2 This is an enlarged view of the work area structure;

[0020] Figure 3 Enlarged view of the vortex separator tank;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the internal structure of the equipment compartment;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a control relationship diagram.

[0023] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0024] 1. Mobile integrated vehicle body; 2. Equipment compartment; 3. Working area; 4. Casters; 5. Shock-absorbing bracket; 6. Negative pressure unit; 7. Control box; 8. Miniature diaphragm vacuum pump; 9. Buffer pressure stabilizing tank; 10. Silencer; 11. PU hose A; 12. Auxiliary bracket; 13. Main negative pressure PU hose; 14. Central processing unit; 15. Motor drive module; 16. Signal conditioning module; 17. Power supply module; 18. Human-machine interface; 19. Touch screen; 20. Physical buttons; 21. Dual-tank support platform; 22. Positioning recess; 23. First vortex separator; 24. Second vortex separator; 25. Tank body; 26. Tank cover; 27. Negative pressure interface; 28. Tangential liquid inlet; 29. ​​Conical shape 30. Sedimentation tank; 31. Butterfly drain valve; 32. Transparent observation window; 33. Liquid level scale; 34. Weighing sensor; 35. Sealing joint; 36. Inverted L-shaped metal bracket; 37. Negative pressure distribution and liquid path switching module; 38. Three-way pressure balancing valve; 39. Liquid path switching slide valve; 40. Short bracket; 41. Common negative pressure inlet; 42. First negative pressure outlet; 43. Second negative pressure outlet; 44. PU hose B; 47. Drive motor; 50. Common drainage inlet; 51. First liquid path outlet; 52. Second liquid path outlet; 53. Spare flushing port; 56. Motor base; 61. Silicone drainage hose; 62. Silicone tube; 63. Three-way solenoid valve; 64. Physiological saline flushing bag; 65. Auxiliary bracket. Detailed Implementation

[0025] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this embodiment provides a negative pressure self-sealing anti-blockage drainage system for arthroscopic surgery, including a mobile integrated vehicle body 1. The mobile integrated vehicle body 1 is a frame structure welded from rectangular steel pipes, and the surface is treated with electrostatic powder coating to improve corrosion resistance and aesthetics. The lower layer is a closed equipment compartment 2, which is welded from cold-rolled steel plates and fixed to the lower frame of the vehicle body 1 with bolts. The upper layer is a flat 304 stainless steel working area 3. The edge of the working area 3 has an integrally formed 5mm high water-retaining edge, which is fixed to the upper crossbeam of the vehicle body 1 with countersunk bolts, which can effectively prevent intraoperative fluid from flowing along the table surface. At the four corners of the bottom of the mobile integrated vehicle body 1, a corner bracket with a threaded hole is welded. The casters 4 are threaded to the corner brackets through connecting rods with external threads. Flat washers are placed between the connecting rods and the corner brackets to enhance the fixation stability. A brake pedal is installed on the bracket of the casters 4 through a pin shaft. When the brake pedal is pressed, the locking block at the end of the pedal can lock the wheel, thereby fixing the vehicle body 1.

[0026] Two sets of vibration damping brackets 5 are arranged in parallel inside the equipment compartment 2. Each set of vibration damping brackets 5 consists of two metal plates, upper and lower, and a rubber vibration damping pad in the middle. The metal plates are fixed to the bottom plate of the equipment compartment 2 with expansion bolts, and the rubber vibration damping pad is glued between the two metal plates with strong adhesive, which can effectively absorb the vibration during equipment operation. A negative pressure unit 6 is installed on one set of vibration damping brackets 5. The negative pressure unit 6 includes a miniature diaphragm vacuum pump 8, a buffer pressure stabilizing tank 9, and a silencer 10. The miniature diaphragm vacuum pump 8 has four pre-set mounting holes at the bottom, and is fixed to the upper metal plate of the vibration damping bracket 5 by passing hexagonal screws through the mounting holes. The buffer pressure stabilizing tank 9 is a cylindrical stainless steel tank with three evenly distributed support legs welded to the bottom. The support legs are fixed to an auxiliary bracket 12 by bolts. The auxiliary bracket 12 is a triangular frame formed by bending angle steel, which is connected to the upper metal plate of the vibration damping bracket 5 by bolts, so that the buffer pressure stabilizing tank 9 stands stably above the vibration damping bracket 5. The intake port of the miniature diaphragm vacuum pump 8 is machined with external threads. One end of the PU hose A11 is fitted with a plastic connector with internal threads, and an O-ring is embedded inside the connector. The connector is sealed to the intake port through the threads. The other end of the PU hose A11 is fitted onto the inlet pipe at the top of the buffer pressure stabilizing tank 9. The outside of the inlet pipe is machined with an annular protrusion. The PU hose A11 is clamped to the protrusion by a stainless steel clamp to prevent the hose from falling off under negative pressure. The silencer 10 has a cylindrical structure with external threads at one end, which mates with the internal threads of the exhaust port of the miniature diaphragm vacuum pump 8. Anaerobic sealant is applied to the threaded connection to ensure no leakage during exhaust and reduce noise.

[0027] Another set of shock-absorbing brackets 5 is used to mount a control chassis 7. The control chassis 7 is a rectangular metal box with louvered ventilation holes on the sides. The bottom is fixed to the upper metal plate of the shock-absorbing brackets 5 by bolts. Inside the control chassis 7, cold-rolled steel plate guide rails are welded to both sides. The central processing unit 14, motor drive module 15, signal conditioning module 16, and power module 17 all have guide rail mounting slots and are directly snapped onto the guide rails for easy maintenance and disassembly. The signal output interface of the central processing unit 14 is connected to the signal input interface of the motor drive module 15 through DuPont wires. The signal output terminal of the signal conditioning module 16 is connected to the signal input terminal of the central processing unit 14 through shielded wires. The DC output terminal of the power module 17 is connected to the power interface of each module through multi-strand copper core power wires. All cables are fixed to the metal cable tray welded to the inner wall of the box with nylon cable ties to avoid cable clutter affecting heat dissipation. The front panel of the control chassis 7 is connected to the main body of the chassis by clips and can be quickly disassembled. The front panel is machined with mounting holes that match the human-machine interface 18. The touch screen 19 is attached to the inside of the mounting holes with double-sided adhesive and then fixed from the outside of the panel with four countersunk screws. The ribbon cable of the touch screen 19 passes through the pre-drilled wire hole in the front panel and connects to the central processing unit 14 inside the chassis. The three physical buttons 20 are touch-sensitive buttons, which are soldered onto a small circuit board. The circuit board is fixed to the inside of the front panel with screws. The keycaps of the buttons are exposed through the corresponding button holes in the front panel. The pins of the circuit board are connected to the central processing unit 14 through wires to realize the transmission of button commands.

[0028] A double-tank support platform 21 is fixedly installed on the work surface of work area 3 using hexagonal socket head cap screws. The double-tank support platform 21 is milled from stainless steel plate, with four support feet welded to the bottom. The bottom of the support feet has countersunk holes, through which the bolts pass to mate with the pre-drilled threaded holes on the work surface of work area 3. Two circular positioning recesses 22 are machined on the double-tank support platform 21. The inner wall of the recesses is covered with nitrile rubber anti-slip pads with strong adhesive. The surface of the anti-slip pads has a diamond pattern to increase the friction with the tanks. The diameter of the positioning recesses 22 is slightly larger than the diameter of the first vortex separator 23 and the second vortex separator 24 to ensure that the tanks can be placed stably without shaking.

[0029] The first vortex separator 23 and the second vortex separator 24 have identical structures. Taking the first vortex separator 23 as an example: the tank body 25 is made of transparent medical-grade polycarbonate injection molding. External threads are machined on the outer side of the tank top, and internal threads are machined on the inner side of the tank cover 26. The two are connected by threads, and polytetrafluoroethylene sealing tape is wrapped between the threads to ensure the airtightness of the tank body 25. A negative pressure interface 27 is integrally injection molded at the center of the top of the tank cover 26. The negative pressure interface 27 is a cylindrical short tube with two annular protrusions machined on the outer side. One end of the PU hose B44 is fitted onto the negative pressure interface 27 and secured between the protrusions by a stainless steel clamp. The other end of the PU hose B44 is connected to the first negative pressure outlet 42 of the three-way pressure balance valve 37 in the same way. A tangential inlet 28 is integrally injection-molded on the upper side of the tank lid 26. The axis of the tangential inlet 28 is aligned with the tangential direction of the tank lid 26, allowing the waste liquid to rotate along the inner wall of the tank body 25 when it enters. An annular protrusion is also machined on the outer side of the tangential inlet 28. One end of the silicone tube 62 is fixed to the protrusion by a clamp, and the other end is connected to the first liquid outlet 51 of the liquid circuit switching slide valve 38. The bottom of the tank body 25 is integrally injection-molded into a conical sedimentation hopper 29. The bottom outlet of the sedimentation hopper 29 is machined with external threads, and the inner side of the butterfly drain valve 30 is machined with internal threads. The two are connected by threads. A rubber sealing gasket is embedded in the valve body. Rotating the butterfly handle can open and close the outlet. When closed, the sealing gasket is tightly pressed against the outlet end face to prevent liquid leakage. A circular flange is welded to the outer bottom of the tank body 25. Four mounting holes are pre-drilled on the flange. The load cell 33 is a column-type high-precision sensor with a mounting plate on top. It is fixed to the flange by four hexagonal screws passing through the mounting plate and the mounting holes. The bottom of the load cell 33 is fixed to the metal bracket at the bottom of the double-tank support platform 21 by screws, ensuring that the weight of the tank body 25 is fully applied to the load cell 33. The signal line of the load cell 33 is led out from the bottom, passing through a pre-drilled sealing joint 34 at the bottom of the tank body 25. The sealing joint 34 is made of rubber and connects to the wire hole at the bottom of the tank body 25 via threads. The rubber ring inside the joint is tightly fitted to the signal line, achieving both sealing and protecting the signal line from wear. The signal line eventually extends into the control box 7 and connects to the signal input terminal of the signal conditioning module 16.

[0030] An inverted L-shaped metal bracket 35, made of stainless steel, is bolted to the rear edge of the work area's three work surfaces. A negative pressure distribution and fluid circuit switching module 36 is fixed to its bottom; specifically, a flange is welded to the bottom of the vertical section and bolted to the work surface. Triangular reinforcing ribs are welded at the connection between the horizontal and vertical sections to enhance the overall strength of the bracket. A short bracket 39, made of bent stainless steel plate, is screwed to the bottom of the horizontal section of the inverted L-shaped bracket 35. A three-way pressure balancing valve 37 is fixed to the bottom of the short bracket 39 with a clamp. A rubber gasket is attached to the inside of the clamp to prevent damage to the outer wall of the three-way pressure balancing valve 37. The three-way pressure balancing valve 37 is a T-shaped structure precision machined from medical-grade stainless steel. The internal flow channel is smooth and without dead corners. All three interfaces are pagoda connectors, namely a common negative pressure inlet 41, a first negative pressure outlet 42, and a second negative pressure outlet 43. The common negative pressure inlet 41 is connected to the outlet of the buffer pressure stabilizing tank 9 through the main negative pressure PU hose 13. Both ends of the main negative pressure PU hose 13 are fixed to the corresponding connectors with clamps to ensure no leakage during the negative pressure transmission process. This structure allows the negative pressure generated by the negative pressure unit 6 to be transmitted simultaneously and evenly to the first vortex separator tank 23 and the second vortex separator tank 24, always maintaining the same pressure in the two tanks.

[0031] The liquid circuit switching slide valve 38 is fixed directly below the three-way pressure balancing valve 37 by an L-shaped short bracket. One end of the L-shaped short bracket is fixed to the bottom of the three-way pressure balancing valve 37 with a screw, and the other end is fixed to the top of the valve body of the liquid circuit switching slide valve 38 with a screw, ensuring that the two are aligned and the spacing is fixed. The valve body of the liquid circuit switching slide valve 38 is composed of two rectangular PEEK plates, which are fastened with eight countersunk screws. A fluororubber sealing gasket is placed in the sealing groove between the plates to prevent liquid leakage from the gaps between the plates. Four pagoda-shaped external interfaces are machined on the valve body, namely a common drainage inlet 50, a first liquid circuit outlet 51, a second liquid circuit outlet 52, and a spare flushing port 53. Each interface is connected to the flow channel inside the valve body. The valve core is a rectangular PEEK slider, precisely matched to the internal groove machined into the valve body, allowing for smooth sliding along the groove. An internal "U"-shaped guide groove is machined into the valve core, with its openings corresponding to the interface positions on the valve body. As the valve core slides, the guide groove can switch between the common inlet 50 and different liquid outlets. A linear guide rail is fixed to the bottom of the valve body with screws, and the slider of the linear guide rail is also fixed to the bottom of the valve core with screws, ensuring that the valve core always slides along the direction of the linear guide rail, preventing misalignment and sealing failure. One end of the valve body is fixed to the motor base 56 by screws. The drive motor 47 is installed on the motor base 56. The output shaft of the drive motor 47 is connected to the lead screw through a flexible coupling. The flexible coupling can compensate for the installation error between the drive motor 47 and the lead screw. The other end of the lead screw passes through the bearing on the valve body end cover. The bearing is a deep groove ball bearing, which is installed in the bearing hole of the end cover by interference fit. The lead screw and the threaded hole machined at the bottom of the valve core form a lead screw and nut pair. When the drive motor 47 receives the instruction from the central processing unit 14 to rotate, the lead screw drives the valve core to slide along the linear guide rail to realize the switching of the liquid circuit.

[0032] The spare flushing port 53 of the fluid switching valve 38 is connected to the inlet of the three-way solenoid valve 63 via a silicone tube 62. The outlet of the three-way solenoid valve 63 is connected to the saline flushing bag 64 via a silicone tube 62. The saline flushing bag 64 is suspended on an auxiliary support 65 next to the work area 3. The auxiliary support 65 is a stainless steel rod, fixed to the table surface of the work area 3 by bolts, and has a hook welded to the top. The hanging ears of the flushing bag 64 are hung on the hook. The three-way solenoid valve 63 is connected to the motor drive module 15 in the control box 7 via a cable. Its opening and closing are controlled by the central processing unit 14. When flushing is required, the three-way solenoid valve 63 opens, and saline enters the fluid switching valve 38 under negative pressure to flush the guide channel and the silicone drainage tube 61 at the front end, clearing blocked tissue debris.

[0033] In this embodiment, the specific operation process is as follows:

[0034] Medical staff push the mobile integrated vehicle 1 to a suitable position next to the operating table and press the brake pedal of the caster wheel 4 to secure the vehicle 1; suspend the saline irrigation bag 64 on the auxiliary support 65, ensuring that the height of the irrigation bag 64 is higher than the fluid switching valve 38 to facilitate the flow of irrigation fluid; remove the silicone drainage tube 61, attach one end to the common drainage inlet 50 of the fluid switching valve 38 and secure it with a clamp, and hand the other end to the circulating nurse to connect to the suction port on the operating table, which is connected to the suction tube operated by the surgeon; check the first vortex separator 23 and the second vortex separator 24. After confirming that the butterfly drain valve 30 is completely closed, place the two tanks into the positioning recesses 22 of the double tank support platform 21 respectively. Check that the clamps of each PU hose B44 and silicone tube 62 are tight and ensure that there is no looseness. Turn on the power of the control box 7, press the power switch on the front panel, and the central processing unit 14 starts the self-test program. It sequentially checks the operating status of the micro diaphragm vacuum pump 8, whether the signal of the weighing sensor 33 is normal, whether the rotation of the drive motor 47 is smooth, and whether the opening and closing of the three-way solenoid valve 63 is normal. After the self-test is passed, the touch screen 19 displays the standby interface and the system enters the standby state.

[0035] Surgical drainage

[0036] Medical staff set system parameters via touchscreen 19, including negative pressure value (normally set to -8kPa) and waste liquid full tank warning threshold (normally set to 90% of tank capacity). Clicking the "Start Drainage" button on touchscreen 19 sends a command from central processing unit 14 to motor drive module 15, controlling the micro diaphragm vacuum pump 8 to start. During operation, the micro diaphragm vacuum pump 8 draws air from the buffer pressure stabilizing tank 9 through the suction port, creating a stable negative pressure within the tank. This negative pressure is transmitted via the main negative pressure PU hose 13 to the common negative pressure inlet 41 of the three-way pressure balancing valve 37, and then... The first negative pressure outlet 42 and the second negative pressure outlet 43 transmit pressure to the negative pressure interfaces 27 of the first vortex separator 23 and the second vortex separator 24, respectively, so that the set negative pressure value is formed in both tanks at the same time. At the same time, the central processing unit 14 controls the drive motor 47 to rotate clockwise. The drive motor 47 drives the lead screw to rotate through the flexible coupling. The lead screw cooperates with the threaded hole of the valve core, driving the valve core to slide along the linear guide rail towards the direction close to the first liquid outlet 51, until the "U"-shaped guide groove of the valve core connects the common drainage inlet 50 with the first liquid outlet 51. At this time, the system enters the normal drainage state.

[0037] During the surgery, waste fluid (containing blood, tissue debris and other impurities) in the joint cavity is drawn into the silicone drainage tube 61 through the suction tube under negative pressure. Then, it enters the "U"-shaped guide channel through the common drainage inlet 50 of the fluid switching slide valve 38, and then flows into the silicone tube 62 from the first fluid outlet 51. Finally, it is injected into the tank 25 at high speed from the tangential inlet 28 of the first vortex separator 23. Due to the tangential design of the inlet 28, the waste liquid rotates along the inner wall after entering the tank 25, generating centrifugal force. The heavier tissue debris is thrown towards the inner wall of the tank 25 under the action of centrifugal force and gradually settles into the conical sedimentation hopper 29 at the bottom. The blood and other liquid components form a liquid ring in the tank 25, achieving the initial separation of the gas, liquid and solid phases. Under the action of negative pressure, the gas in the tank 25 flows out from the negative pressure port 27 at the top, enters the three-way pressure balance valve 37 through the PU hose B44, and then enters the buffer pressure stabilizing tank 9 through the main negative pressure PU hose 13. Finally, it is discharged through the exhaust port of the micro diaphragm vacuum pump 8 and the silencer 10. During this process, the weighing sensor 33 at the bottom of the first vortex separator 23 detects the total weight of the tank 25 and the waste liquid inside in real time, converts the weight signal into an electrical signal, and transmits it to the signal conditioning module 16 in the control box 7 via a signal line. The signal conditioning module 16 filters and amplifies the electrical signal before transmitting it to the central processing unit 14. The central processing unit 14 converts the weight data into volume data according to the preset saline density (1g / cm³) and displays the waste liquid volume in real time on the touch screen 19, which is convenient for medical staff to monitor.

[0038] Tank full switching

[0039] When the waste liquid volume in the first vortex separator 23 reaches the preset full-tank warning threshold, the central processing unit 14 receives the signal transmitted by the weighing sensor 33 and controls the touch screen 19 to issue an audible and visual warning, while simultaneously displaying the message "The first tank is about to be full, please switch to the second tank" on the screen. After the surgeon confirms that switching is possible during a break in the operation, the nurse clicks the "Switch Fluid Path" button on the touch screen 19 (or presses the manual switch button 20 on the front panel). The central processing unit 14 immediately sends a reverse rotation command to the drive motor 47, which drives the lead screw to rotate in the opposite direction. The valve core slides along the linear guide rail towards the outlet 52 of the second fluid path. During the sliding process, the "U"-shaped guide groove of the valve core gradually disengages from the connection with the outlet 51 of the first fluid path and connects with the outlet 52 of the second fluid path. Since the three-way pressure balancing valve 37 always maintains the negative pressure in the first vortex separator 23 and the second vortex separator 24 at the same level, the negative pressure does not fluctuate during the entire switching process, and the waste liquid drainage will not be interrupted, achieving a seamless switch to the second vortex separator 24 for collection. After the switch is completed, the central processing unit 14 controls the touch screen 19 to display the prompt "Switched to the second tank, ready to process the waste liquid from the first tank". At this time, the liquid outlet of the first vortex separator 23 is sealed by the solid part of the valve core to prevent the waste liquid from flowing back.

[0040] Full tank waste liquid treatment

[0041] Medical staff don disposable protective gloves and align the inlet of the medical waste collection tank with the outlet of the butterfly drain valve 30 of the first vortex separator 23. Holding the tank 25 with one hand, they rotate the handle of the butterfly drain valve 30 with the other, opening the valve. Under the combined action of negative pressure and gravity, the waste liquid in the tank 25 quickly flows out from the drain valve 30 and into the waste collection tank. The waste liquid discharge is observed through the transparent observation window 31 on the side of the tank 25, along with the liquid level scale 32. Once the waste liquid is confirmed to be empty, the handle of the butterfly drain valve 30 is rotated in the opposite direction to close the valve. At this point, the first vortex separator 23 returns to standby mode and can be switched back for use when the second vortex separator 24 is full. Throughout the entire waste liquid treatment process, the system remains in a closed state, with no waste liquid dripping, odor, or aerosol diffusion, effectively protecting the operating room environment and the health of medical staff.

[0042] Anti-clogging flushing

[0043] If, during the procedure, medical staff find that the suction tube is not draining properly, or if the touchscreen 19 shows a sudden drop in waste fluid flow or an abnormal increase in negative pressure (indicating tube blockage), they can click the "Flush Tubes" button on the touchscreen 19 (or press the flush button 20 on the front panel). The central processing unit 14 will immediately control the micro diaphragm vacuum pump 8 to pause briefly (to prevent the flushing fluid from being rapidly sucked into the vortex separator). At the same time, it will send a command to the motor drive module 15 to open the three-way solenoid valve 63. Under the action of gravity, the saline in the saline flushing bag 64 will enter the spare flushing port 53 of the fluid switching slide valve 38 through the silicone tube 62 and flow into the "U"-shaped guide groove of the valve core. The guide groove, the silicone drainage tube 61 at the front end, and the suction tube will be flushed in a pulse-like manner. The flushing time is preset by the central processing unit 14 (usually 3-5 seconds). After the flushing is completed, the three-way solenoid valve 63 will close, the micro diaphragm vacuum pump 8 will restart, and the system will resume normal drainage. The flushing can effectively clear the tissue debris blocking the tubes and ensure smooth drainage.

[0044] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A negative pressure self-sealing anti-blockage drainage system for arthroscopic surgery, comprising a mobile integrated vehicle body, characterized in that: The lower level of the mobile integrated vehicle body is set as an equipment compartment, and the upper level is set as a work area. A negative pressure unit and a control box are fixedly installed inside the equipment compartment. The negative pressure unit is connected to the components above the work area via pipes, and the control box is connected to the various electrical components of the system via cables. A dual-tank support platform is fixedly installed on the work area platform. A first vortex separator and a second vortex separator are detachably placed on the dual-tank support platform. The first and second vortex separators have the same structure. A negative pressure distribution and liquid circuit switching module is fixedly installed above the work area platform via a bracket. The negative pressure distribution and liquid circuit switching module has a common inlet, two negative pressure outlets, and two liquid circuit outlets. The common inlet of the negative pressure distribution and liquid circuit switching module... The suction port of the negative pressure distribution and fluid switching module is connected to the operating table via a drainage hose. The two negative pressure outlets of the negative pressure distribution and fluid switching module are respectively connected to the negative pressure ports at the top of the first vortex separator and the second vortex separator via pipes. The two fluid outlets of the negative pressure distribution and fluid switching module are respectively connected to the tangential inlet at the top of the first vortex separator and the second vortex separator via pipes. Weighing sensors are fixedly installed at the bottom of both the first and second vortex separators. The weighing sensors are connected to the control box via signal lines. A human-machine interface is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the control box. The human-machine interface is electrically connected to the control module inside the control box via a cable.

2. The negative pressure self-sealing anti-blockage drainage system for arthroscopic surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The negative pressure unit includes a miniature diaphragm vacuum pump and a buffer pressure stabilizing tank. A silencer is fixedly installed at the exhaust port of the miniature diaphragm vacuum pump, and the silencer is fixed to the exhaust port of the miniature diaphragm vacuum pump by a threaded connection. The suction port of the miniature diaphragm vacuum pump is connected to the inlet of the buffer pressure stabilizing tank through a pipe. The outlet of the buffer pressure stabilizing tank is connected to the common negative pressure inlet of the negative pressure distribution and liquid circuit switching module through a main negative pressure pipe. Both the miniature diaphragm vacuum pump and the buffer pressure stabilizing tank are fixed to the inner wall of the equipment compartment by shock-absorbing brackets.

3. The negative pressure self-sealing anti-blockage drainage system for arthroscopic surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the first and second vortex separators are sealed pressure vessels. The tops of both the first and second vortex separators are threadedly sealed with lids. Each lid has a negative pressure port at its center and a tangential liquid inlet on its upper side. The bottoms of both the first and second vortex separators are conical sedimentation hoppers. A drain valve is fixedly installed at the bottom of each conical sedimentation hopper, and the drain valve is threadedly connected to the bottom of the conical sedimentation hopper. Transparent observation windows are fixedly installed on the sides of both the first and second vortex separators, and liquid level markings are located beside each transparent observation window. A weighing sensor is fixed to the bottoms of both the first and second vortex separators with screws, and the signal line of the weighing sensor passes through a sealed joint at the bottom of the tank and connects to the control box.

4. The negative pressure self-sealing anti-blockage drainage system for arthroscopic surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The negative pressure distribution and liquid circuit switching module includes a three-way pressure balancing valve and a liquid circuit switching slide valve. The liquid circuit switching slide valve is fixedly mounted below the three-way pressure balancing valve via an L-shaped bracket. The three-way pressure balancing valve has a common negative pressure inlet, a first negative pressure outlet, and a second negative pressure outlet. The common negative pressure inlet of the three-way pressure balancing valve is connected to the outlet of the buffer pressure stabilizing tank of the negative pressure unit via a pipe. The first negative pressure outlet of the three-way pressure balancing valve is connected to the negative pressure interface of the first vortex separator via a pipe. The second negative pressure outlet of the three-way pressure balancing valve is connected to the second... The negative pressure interface of the vortex separator is connected; the liquid path switching valve is provided with a common drainage inlet, a first liquid path outlet, a second liquid path outlet and a spare flushing port. The common drainage inlet of the liquid path switching valve is connected to the suction interface of the operating table through a drainage hose. The first liquid path outlet of the liquid path switching valve is connected to the tangential liquid inlet of the first vortex separator through a pipe. The second liquid path outlet of the liquid path switching valve is connected to the tangential liquid inlet of the second vortex separator through a pipe. The spare flushing port of the liquid path switching valve is connected to the saline flushing bag through a pipe with a solenoid valve.

5. A negative pressure self-sealing anti-blockage drainage system for arthroscopic surgery according to claim 4, characterized in that: The three-way pressure balancing valve has a T-shaped integrated structure and a smooth flow channel inside. All three ports of the three-way pressure balancing valve are sealed ports adapted for pipeline connection. The three-way pressure balancing valve is fixed to the support above the working area by a short bracket. The axis of the three-way pressure balancing valve and the axis of the liquid circuit switching slide valve are on the same vertical line.

6. A negative pressure self-sealing anti-blockage drainage system for arthroscopic surgery according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fluid switching slide valve includes a valve body, a valve core, a drive motor, and a linear guide rail. The valve body is composed of two plates fastened together with screws, and has a fluid flow channel inside. The valve core is nested inside the valve body, and has a U-shaped guide groove inside. The base of the linear guide rail is fixed to the bottom of the valve body with screws, and the slider of the linear guide rail is fixed to the bottom of the valve core with screws. The drive motor is fixed to one end of the valve body through a motor mount, and the output shaft of the drive motor is connected to a lead screw through a flexible coupling. The lead screw and the threaded hole on the valve core cooperate to form a lead screw and nut pair. The drive motor is connected to the motor drive module of the control box via a cable.

7. A negative pressure self-sealing anti-blockage drainage system for arthroscopic surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the mobile integrated vehicle body is fixedly equipped with omnidirectional wheels with braking function, and the omnidirectional wheels are fixed to the bottom of the mobile integrated vehicle body by threaded connection; the control box is fixedly equipped with a central processing unit, a motor drive module, a signal conditioning circuit and a power supply module. The central processing unit is electrically connected to the motor drive module, the signal conditioning circuit and the power supply module through cables; the input terminal of the signal conditioning circuit is connected to the weighing sensor through a signal line, and the output terminal of the motor drive module is connected to the drive motor of the liquid circuit switching slide valve and the solenoid valve of the spare flushing port of the liquid circuit switching slide valve through cables; the power supply module supplies power to the central processing unit, the motor drive module, the signal conditioning circuit and the human-machine interface through cables.

8. A negative pressure self-sealing anti-blockage drainage system for arthroscopic surgery according to claim 7, characterized in that: The human-machine interface includes a touch screen and physical buttons. Both the touch screen and the physical buttons are fixedly mounted on the front panel of the control chassis. The touch screen and the physical buttons are electrically connected to the central processing unit via cables. The physical buttons include at least an emergency stop button, a liquid circuit switching button, and a flushing control button. The physical buttons are connected to the circuit board on the front panel of the control chassis by soldering.

9. A negative pressure self-sealing anti-blockage drainage system for arthroscopic surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dual-tank support platform has two positioning recesses, which are respectively adapted to the tank bodies of the first vortex separator and the second vortex separator. An anti-slip pad is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the positioning recess, and the anti-slip pad is fixed to the inner wall of the positioning recess by adhesive. The dual-tank support platform is fixed to the working area platform by countersunk bolts. The axis of the dual-tank support platform is on the same vertical line as the axis of the negative pressure distribution and liquid circuit switching module.

Images