Layered ventilation-film covering integrated device for functional film composting and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a layered ventilation-film covering integrated device for functional film composting and a control method, and relates to the technical field of film composting, the layered ventilation-film covering integrated device comprises a composting bin body and a multifunctional composite film, the top of the composting bin body is covered with the multifunctional composite film, and the edge of the multifunctional composite film is provided with a spring buckle. The multifunctional composite film is fixed to the composting bin body through spring buckles, and a lower-layer ventilation pipe, a middle-layer ventilation pipe and an upper-layer ventilation pipe are sequentially installed in the composting bin body from bottom to top. Through the arrangement of the multifunctional composite film, the anti-pollution layer and the functional coating of the multifunctional composite film have a synergistic effect, the film hole blocking rate is reduced by 60%-70%, and the composting effect is improved; the service life is prolonged from 1-2 years to 3-5 years, the operation and maintenance cost is reduced by 40%-50%, meanwhile, the weather resistance covers-30 DEG C to 80 DEG C, the film can adapt to different open-air environments such as low-temperature northern environments and high-temperature southern environments, the application range is greatly widened, the film performance is remarkably improved, the service life is remarkably prolonged, and the problems that a traditional compost film is poor in pollution resistance, short in service life and insufficient in weather resistance are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of membrane composting technology, specifically to a functional membrane composting integrated device and control method for layered ventilation and membrane covering. Background Technology

[0002] Functional membrane composting technology has become an important direction for the resource utilization of rural organic solid waste due to its advantages such as no need to build a plant and low cost of open-air operation. However, existing technologies have core technical pain points that seriously restrict their industrial application: 1. Insufficient membrane material performance: Traditional composting membranes (such as ordinary PE membranes and single PTFE membranes) have poor anti-fouling ability. During the composting process, microbial biofilms, humic acid and salts easily adhere to and block the membrane pores, resulting in a 30% to 50% decrease in air / moisture permeability. The membrane life is usually only 1 to 2 years, requiring frequent replacement and high operation and maintenance costs. At the same time, they have insufficient weather resistance, are prone to brittleness at low temperatures below -10℃, and are prone to aging at high temperatures above 60℃, making them unable to adapt to complex open-air environments. 2. Uneven fermentation in the compost pile: Existing equipment mostly adopts the "single bottom ventilation pipe + overall membrane coverage" model. The upper layer (0~50cm) of the compost pile is prone to forming local anaerobic zones due to insufficient oxygen supply, and the degree of decomposition is 15%~20% lower than that of the lower layer. The lower layer (150~200cm) loses moisture too quickly due to excessive ventilation, requiring additional humidification, which increases energy consumption by more than 25%. Moreover, the temperature difference between the upper and lower layers of the compost pile can reach 10~15℃, further aggravating the uneven fermentation. 3. Inefficient intelligent control: Current control relies only on three conventional parameters: temperature, humidity, and oxygen concentration, ignoring the core indicator of microbial activity in the compost pile. When the activity of the microbial community decreases (e.g., ATP concentration < 50 ng / L), simply increasing the temperature and oxygenation cannot effectively restore the composting efficiency, resulting in a 3-5 day extension of the composting cycle and a tendency to waste energy due to "over-control". Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated device and control method for layered ventilation and membrane covering for functional membrane composting, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution; The application discloses a layered ventilation-membrane covering integrated device for functional membrane composting, which comprises a composting bin body and a multifunctional composite membrane, the top of the composting bin body is covered with the multifunctional composite membrane, spring buckles are arranged at the edges of the multifunctional composite membrane, the multifunctional composite membrane is fixed to the composting bin body through the spring buckles, lower ventilation pipes, middle ventilation pipes and upper ventilation pipes are sequentially arranged in the composting bin body from bottom to top, airflow velocity sensors are arranged at the air outlets of the lower ventilation pipes, the middle ventilation pipes and the upper ventilation pipes, variable frequency fans are arranged at the air inlets of the lower ventilation pipes, the middle ventilation pipes and the upper ventilation pipes, a displacement sensor is arranged at the inner top of the composting bin body, an inclined liquid collecting groove is arranged at the bottom of the composting bin body, inverted U-shaped ventilation pipes are arranged in the composting bin body, three electrically-controlled adjusting ventilation valves and three three-parameter sensors are arranged at the two sides of the composting bin body respectively, the three electrically-controlled adjusting ventilation valves are connected with the inverted U-shaped ventilation pipes, and the three electrically-controlled adjusting ventilation valves and the three three-parameter sensors are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the lower ventilation pipes, the middle ventilation pipes and the upper ventilation pipes.

[0005] As a further scheme of the application, the multifunctional composite membrane comprises a substrate layer, a functional coating layer and an anti-pollution layer, the substrate layer is provided with the functional coating layer, the functional coating layer is provided with the anti-pollution layer, and the anti-pollution layer is provided with a micropoint array.

[0006] As a further scheme of the application, the micropoint array is in an inverted cone shape, with a bottom diameter of 50 microns, a top diameter of 80 microns, a height of 30 microns and a spacing of 120 microns.

[0007] As a further scheme of the application, the lower ventilation pipe is 50 cm away from the bin bottom, has a pipe diameter of 90 mm, air permeation holes with a diameter of 10 mm and a spacing of 12 cm, the middle ventilation pipe is 150 cm away from the bin top, has a pipe diameter of 60-80 mm, air permeation holes with a diameter of 5-8 mm and a spacing of 15 cm, and the upper ventilation pipe is 50 cm away from the bin top, has a pipe diameter of 50 mm, air permeation holes with a diameter of 4 mm and a spacing of 18 cm.

[0008] As a further scheme of the application, the spring buckle comprises a base, a clamping body, a ball head, a top plate and a spring, two clamping bodies are symmetrically hinged on the base, a ball head is arranged between the two clamping bodies, a top plate is arranged on the ball head, and a spring is arranged between the clamping body and the base.

[0009] As a further scheme of the application, the bottom of the inclined liquid collecting groove is paved with an anti-seepage film, and a water content sensor is arranged in the inclined liquid collecting groove.

[0010] As a further scheme of the application, a solar heat absorption strip is arranged on the side wall of the composting bin body.

[0011] As a further further scheme of the present application: the inside of the compost bin body is provided with a spraying pipe.

[0012] A layered ventilation-membrane covering integrated control method for functional membrane composting, the method steps are as follows: S1, preparing a multifunctional composite membrane; S11, preparing a substrate layer; mixing polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) at a mass ratio of 7:3, adding 0.5% antioxidant 1010 and 0.3% ultraviolet absorber UV-531, and extruding into a film through a double screw extruder (temperature 180-200℃), S12, preparing a functional coating; mixing nano-TiO2 (particle size 20-30nm) and montmorillonite at a mass ratio of 3:1, adding 5% water-based polyurethane adhesive, and ultrasonic dispersion for 30min to prepare a coating liquid (solid content 20%), which is coated on the surface of the substrate layer by knife coating method, and dried at 80℃ for 2h; S13, preparing an anti-pollution layer; grafting polyethylene glycol (PEG-maleic anhydride copolymer) segment with 5% nano-silicon dioxide (particle size 5-10nm) on the surface of the functional coating at a grafting temperature of 60℃ for 2h to form a hydrophilic coating; at the same time, a micrometer bump array is prepared on the surface of the anti-pollution layer by molding process, and a fluorine-containing hydrophobic group is grafted on the surface of the bump again; and air blowing at low pressure (0.2MPa) is carried out once a week on the inner side of the membrane; S2, building a layered ventilation-membrane covering integrated device; S21, covering the multifunctional composite membrane on the top of the compost bin body first, and fixing the edge of the membrane by spring buckle; S22, installing airflow velocity sensors at the outlet of each layer of ventilation pipe, and independently connecting variable frequency fans to each layer of ventilation pipe; S23, establishing a "compost volume-fan air volume" calibration formula: Q=k×V (Q is the fan air volume, unit m³ / h; V is the actual volume of the compost, unit m³, which is calculated by the displacement sensor on the top of the bin to monitor the compost height; k is the calibration coefficient, k=1.5 in the high activity stage, k=1.3 in the medium activity stage, and k=1.2 in the low activity stage); S24, on the inner side of the membrane corresponding to the positions of the three layers of ventilation pipes, three groups of air permeability valves are set, and on the inner side of the membrane corresponding to the area of each layer of ventilation pipe, one group of temperature-oxygen concentration-ATP three-parameter sensors are installed; S25, installing a group of moisture content sensors in the inclined liquid collecting groove of the bin body; S3, intelligent regulation and control of composting; S31, taking microbial ATP concentration as the core, combining temperature (T), oxygen concentration (O), and moisture content (W) to establish a hierarchical control logic; S32, the sensor collects data in real time (sampling interval 5 min), and transmits to the PLC intelligent controller, and the controller automatically adjusts the fan frequency, the air valve opening, the spray pump start-stop and the working state of the solar heat absorption strip 16 according to the regulation logic.

[0013] As a further scheme of the application: the regulation logic in step S31 is specifically: high activity stage (ATP>100ng / L): at this time, the microbial community is in vigorous metabolism, if T=55~65℃, O=15%~20%, W=65%~70% (optimal interval), maintain the current ventilation (middle layer fan frequency 50Hz, upper and lower layers 40Hz), air valve opening 50%; if O>20% or T>65℃, reduce the corresponding layer fan frequency by 30%, close the air valve, to avoid excessive oxidation and energy waste; Medium activity stage (50ng / L<ATP≤100ng / L): if T=45~55℃, O=12%~15%, W=60%~65%, increase the corresponding layer fan frequency by 20%, open the air valve to 80%, and at the same time, supplement the "strain activation liquid" (containing 2% glucose, 0.5% trace elements, concentration 10%) through the membrane inside spray pipe (every 2 hours for 30 minutes) to improve the activity of the microbial community; Low activity stage (ATP≤50ng / L): if T<45℃ or O<12%, open the solar heat absorption strip (aluminum foil composite carbon fiber material, relying on solar power) on the side wall of the warehouse body to assist the temperature rise of the pile; at the same time, increase the corresponding layer fan frequency to 80%, open the air valve, and supplement fresh oxygen; if W<60%, use the leachate collected by the liquid collecting tank (filtered by the filter screen) to back spray and humidify to maintain stable humidity.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects: The application sets a multifunctional composite membrane, the anti-pollution layer and the functional coating of the multifunctional composite membrane synergistically act, the membrane hole blockage rate is reduced by 60%~70%, the service life is prolonged from 1~2 years to 3~5 years, the operation and maintenance cost is reduced by 40%~50%, meanwhile, the weather resistance covers -30℃~80℃, can adapt to different open environments such as low temperature in the north and high temperature in the south, the application range is greatly widened, the membrane performance and service life are significantly improved, and the problems of poor anti-pollution, short service life and insufficient weather resistance of the traditional composting membrane are solved.

[0015] The application adopts the hierarchical ventilation and membrane air permeation synergistic regulation design, the temperature difference between the upper and lower layers of the pile is reduced from 10~15℃ to 3~5℃, the oxygen concentration is maintained at 15%~20%, and the composting degree difference is reduced from 15%~20% to within 5%; cooperating with the ATP activity regulation, the composting period is shortened from 15~20 days to 10~12 days, the composting efficiency is improved by 25%~30%, the composting efficiency and uniformity are improved, and the problem of uneven fermentation (oxygen deficiency / over dry, large temperature difference) between the upper and lower layers of the pile is solved.

[0016] The four-parameter coupling regulation of the application avoids energy waste caused by excessive ventilation and blind temperature rise, and the total energy consumption of the fan and the heating system is reduced by 20-25%; the recycling of leachate and dust realizes "zero waste liquid and zero waste residue" emission, the ammonia gas interception rate is ≥85%, the odor emission concentration meets the first level standard of "Odor Pollutant Discharge Standard" (GB14554-93), so that the energy consumption and pollution are significantly reduced, and the problem of low precision of intelligent regulation only relying on conventional parameters is solved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device of the application.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device of the application. Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multifunctional composite film in the device of the application.

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spring buckle in the device of the application. Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spring buckle in the device of the application.

[0020] Figure 4 It is a flow chart of the control method of the application.

[0021] 1, compost bin body; 2, multifunctional composite film; 201, base material layer; 202, functional coating layer; 203, anti-pollution layer; 204, micron bump array; 3, spring buckle; 301, base; 302, clamping body; 303, ball head; 304, top plate; 305, spring; 4, lower layer ventilation pipe; 5, middle layer ventilation pipe; 6, upper layer ventilation pipe; 7, airflow velocity sensor; 8, variable frequency fan; 9, inclined liquid collecting tank; 10, impermeable membrane; 11, moisture content sensor; 12, displacement sensor; 13, inverted U-shaped ventilation pipe; 14, electrically adjusted air permeation valve; 15, three-parameter sensor; 16, solar heat absorption strip; 17, sprinkler pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the application.

[0023] Please refer to Figures 1-3The embodiment of the present application is a kind of functional film composting layered ventilation-membrane covering integrated device, including composting warehouse body 1 and multifunctional composite film 2, composting warehouse body 1 adopts steel structure warehouse body, size is long 6m wide 4m high 2.2m, the top of composting warehouse body 1 is covered multifunctional composite film 2, multifunctional composite film 2 includes substrate layer 201, functional coating 202 and anti-pollution layer 203, substrate layer 201 is provided with functional coating 202, functional coating 202 is provided with anti-pollution layer 203, anti-pollution layer 203 is provided with micron convex point array 204.

[0024] Multifunctional composite film 2 edge is provided with spring buckle 3, multifunctional composite film 2 is fixed with composting warehouse body 1 through spring buckle 3, spring buckle 3 includes base 301, embrace clamp body 302, ball head 303, top plate 304 and spring 305, two embrace clamp body 302 are symmetrically hinged on base 301, ball head 303 is arranged between the two embrace clamp body 302, top plate 304 is installed on ball head 303, spring 305 is arranged between embrace clamp body 302 and base 301.

[0025] Composting warehouse body 1 is sequentially installed with lower ventilation pipe 4, middle layer ventilation pipe 5 and upper layer ventilation pipe 6 from bottom to top, lower ventilation pipe 4 is 50cm from the bottom of the warehouse, pipe diameter is 90mm, air permeation hole diameter is 10mm, hole spacing is 12cm, is distributed in the shape of plum blossom, improves airflow penetration, offsets the resistance caused by bottom material compaction, middle layer ventilation pipe 5 is 150cm from the top of the warehouse, pipe diameter is 60~80mm, hole diameter is 5~8mm, spacing is 15cm, upper layer ventilation pipe 6 is 50cm from the top of the warehouse: pipe diameter is reduced to 50mm, air permeation hole diameter is reduced to 4mm, hole spacing is increased to 18cm, to avoid excessive oxygen supply in upper layer.

[0026] Airflow velocity sensor 7 is installed at the air outlet of lower ventilation pipe 4, middle layer ventilation pipe 5 and upper layer ventilation pipe 6, variable frequency fan 8 is installed at the air inlet of lower ventilation pipe 4, middle layer ventilation pipe 5 and upper layer ventilation pipe 6, displacement sensor 12 is installed at the inner top of composting warehouse body 1, displacement sensor 12 is model ODSL30, inverted U-shaped ventilation pipe 13 is installed in composting warehouse body 1, three electrically adjustable air valves 14 and three three-parameter sensors 15 are respectively installed on the two sides of composting warehouse body 1, three electrically adjustable air valves 14 are connected with inverted U-shaped ventilation pipe 13, three electrically adjustable air valves 14 and three three-parameter sensors 15 are correspondingly arranged with lower ventilation pipe 4, middle layer ventilation pipe 5 and upper layer ventilation pipe 6.

[0027] The bottom of composting warehouse body 1 is provided with inclined liquid collecting tank 9, the inclination is 3°~5°, for collecting leachate, the tank bottom of inclined liquid collecting tank 9 is paved with impermeable film 10, HDPE material, thickness 1.5mm, moisture content sensor 11 is installed in inclined liquid collecting tank 9.

[0028] The side wall of the compost bin body 1 is provided with a solar heat absorption strip 16 to assist the compost bin in heating up.

[0029] The inside of the compost bin body 1 is provided with a spray pipe 17 to supplement the bacteria activator and improve the activity of the bacteria colony.

[0030] Please refer to Figure 4 、 One A layered ventilation-membrane covering integrated control method for functional membrane composting, the method steps are as follows: Step one, prepare a multifunctional composite membrane 2; first, mix polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) at a mass ratio of 7:3, add 0.5% antioxidant 1010 and 0.3% ultraviolet absorber UV-531, and extrude into a film through a double-screw extruder (temperature 180~200℃). The temperature resistance range of this layer is -30℃~80℃, and the tensile strength is ≥25MPa, which ensures the mechanical properties and weather resistance of the membrane. Then mix nano-TiO2 (particle size 20~30nm) and montmorillonite at a mass ratio of 3:1, add 5% water-based polyurethane adhesive, and ultrasonically disperse for 30min to prepare a coating liquid (solid content 20%). The coating thickness is 15~20μm, and the coating is coated on the surface of the substrate layer 201 by a doctor blade coating method, and dried at 80℃ for 2h. TiO2 can degrade the biofilm on the surface of the membrane through photocatalysis, and montmorillonite can absorb humic acid to reduce pore blockage. Finally, prepare an anti-pollution layer 203; graft polyethylene glycol (PEG-maleic anhydride copolymer, mixed with 5% nano-silicon dioxide with a particle size of 5~10nm) segments on the surface of the functional coating 202 at a grafting temperature of 60℃ for 2h to form a hydrophilic coating; at the same time, prepare a micrometer bump array 204 on the surface of the anti-pollution layer 203 by a molding process. The micrometer bump array 204 is in the shape of an "inverted cone": the bottom diameter is 50μm, the top diameter is 80μm, the height is 30μm, and the pitch is 120μm, which reduces the contact area between the membrane and the compost material, further reduces adhesion and pollution, and at the same time, a fluorine-containing hydrophobic group is grafted on the surface of the bump to reduce the adhesion of the material. Combined with the low-pressure (0.2MPa) air blowing (using the excess pressure of the layered ventilation system) on the inside of the membrane once a week, the gap between the bumps is self-cleaning, avoiding blockage of the gap.

[0031] The performance indicators of the membrane are as follows: air permeability 500~600g / (m²・24h), ammonia gas retention rate ≥85%, anti-pollution life 3~5 years, no brittle fracture or aging phenomenon in the environment of -30℃~80℃.

[0032] Step two, the establishment of the integrated device of stratified ventilation and membrane covering; first, cover the top of the compost bin body 1 with the above-mentioned multifunctional composite film 2, and fix the edge of the film through the spring buckle 3 (spring force 50~80N, which can automatically adjust the pressure according to the wind speed, and the wind resistance level is ≥8); install airflow velocity sensor 7 (range 0~10m / s, accuracy ±0.1m / s) at the outlet of each layer of ventilation pipe, model JT1411, which can real-time feedback airflow uniformity, and ensure that the actual ventilation deviation of each layer is ≤10%; each layer of ventilation pipe is independently connected with variable frequency fan 8, model CX-100A-AC; establish the calibration formula of "bin volume-fan air volume": Q=k×V (Q is the fan air volume, unit m³ / h; V is the actual volume of the bin, unit m³, which is calculated by the displacement sensor 12 at the top of the bin to monitor the pile height; k is the calibration coefficient, k=1.5 in the high activity stage, k=1.3 in the medium activity stage, and k=1.2 in the low activity stage), for example: when the initial pile height is 2.0m, the bin volume=6m×4m×2.0m=48m³, the fan air volume Q=1.5×48=72m³ / h in the high activity stage, which ensures that the air volume accurately matches the metabolic demand of the bin; three groups of electrically adjustable air permeable valves 14 are arranged at the positions corresponding to the three layers of ventilation pipes on the inner side of the membrane, and the air permeable valves and the ventilation pipes form a "double-path oxygen supplement" channel; in the area corresponding to each layer of ventilation pipe on the inner side of the membrane, one group of temperature-oxygen concentration-ATP three-parameter sensor 15 is installed; the three-parameter sensor 15 is composed of a temperature sensor, an oxygen concentration sensor and an ATP sensor; install one group of moisture content sensor 11 in the inclined liquid collecting groove 9 of the bin; Step three, intelligent control of compost fermentation; based on the ATP concentration of microorganisms, combined with temperature (T), oxygen concentration (O) and moisture content (W), establish a hierarchical control logic, specifically, high activity stage (ATP>100ng / L): at this time, the microbial community is in vigorous metabolism, if T=55~65℃, O=15%~20%, W=65%~70% (optimal interval), maintain the current ventilation (middle layer fan frequency 50Hz, upper and lower layer 40Hz), and the air permeable valve opening degree is 50%; if O>20% or T>65℃, reduce the corresponding layer fan frequency by 30%, and close the air permeable valve to avoid excessive oxidation and energy waste; Medium activity stage (50ng / L<ATP≤100ng / L): if T=45~55℃, O=12%~15%, W=60%~65%, increase the corresponding layer fan frequency by 20%, open the air permeable valve to 80%, and at the same time, supplement "bacterial activator" (containing 2% glucose and 0.5% trace elements, concentration 10%) through the membrane inner side spray pipe 17 (every 2 hours for 30 minutes) to improve the activity of the microbial community; Low activity stage (ATP≤50 ng / L): If T<45℃ or O<12%, turn on the solar heat absorption strips 16 (aluminum foil composite carbon fiber material, powered by solar energy) on the side wall of the warehouse to assist in heating the stack; At the same time, the corresponding layer fan frequency is increased to 80%, the air vent is fully opened, and fresh oxygen is supplemented; If W<60%, use the leachate collected in the collection tank (filtered through the filter screen) to spray back to maintain humidity stability; The sensor collects data in real time (sampling interval 5 min), and transmits the data to the PLC intelligent controller. The controller automatically adjusts the fan frequency, air vent opening, spray pump start-stop and solar heat absorption strip 16 working state according to the control logic, realizing the whole process without human intervention.

[0033] Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent replacements to some of the technical features, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A layered ventilation-membrane covering integrated device for functional membrane composting, comprising a compost bin (1) and a multifunctional composite membrane (2), characterized in that: The top of the composting silo (1) is covered with a multifunctional composite membrane (2). The edges of the multifunctional composite membrane (2) are provided with spring clips (3). The multifunctional composite membrane (2) is fixed to the composting silo (1) by the spring clips (3). Inside the composting silo (1), from bottom to top, there are a lower ventilation pipe (4), a middle ventilation pipe (5), and an upper ventilation pipe (6). Airflow velocity sensors (7) are installed at the air outlets of the lower ventilation pipe (4), the middle ventilation pipe (5), and the upper ventilation pipe (6). Variable frequency fans are installed at the air inlets of the lower ventilation pipe (4), the middle ventilation pipe (5), and the upper ventilation pipe (6). (8) A displacement sensor (12) is installed on the top of the composting bin (1). An inclined liquid collection tank (9) is provided at the bottom of the composting bin (1). An inverted U-shaped ventilation pipe (13) is installed inside the composting bin (1). Three electrically adjustable ventilation valves (14) and three three-parameter sensors (15) are installed on both sides of the composting bin (1). The three electrically adjustable ventilation valves (14) are all connected to the inverted U-shaped ventilation pipe (13). The three electrically adjustable ventilation valves (14) and the three three-parameter sensors (15) are respectively set to correspond one-to-one with the lower ventilation pipe (4), the middle ventilation pipe (5) and the upper ventilation pipe (6).

2. The integrated stratified ventilation-membrane covering device for functional membrane composting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multifunctional composite membrane (2) includes a substrate layer (201), a functional coating (202) and an antifouling layer (203). The substrate layer (201) is provided with a functional coating (202), the functional coating (202) is provided with an antifouling layer (203), and the antifouling layer (203) is provided with a micron bump array (204).

3. The integrated layered ventilation-membrane covering device for functional membrane composting according to claim 2, characterized in that: The micron bump array (204) is "inverted cone-shaped": with a bottom diameter of 50 μm, a top diameter of 80 μm, a height of 30 μm, and a spacing of 120 μm.

4. The integrated layered ventilation-membrane covering device for functional membrane composting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower ventilation pipe (4) is 50cm from the bottom of the silo, with a pipe diameter of 90mm, a ventilation hole diameter of 10mm, and a hole spacing of 12cm. The middle ventilation pipe (5) is 150cm from the top of the silo, with a pipe diameter of 60~80mm, a hole diameter of 5~8mm, and a hole spacing of 15cm. The upper ventilation pipe (6) is 50cm from the top of the silo: the pipe diameter is reduced to 50mm, the ventilation hole diameter is reduced to 4mm, and the hole spacing is increased to 18cm.

5. The integrated layered ventilation-membrane covering device for functional membrane composting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spring buckle (3) includes a base (301), a clamping body (302), a ball head (303), a top plate (304), and a spring (305). Two clamping bodies (302) are symmetrically hinged on the base (301). A ball head (303) is provided between the two clamping bodies (302). A top plate (304) is installed on the ball head (303). A spring (305) is provided between the clamping body (302) and the base (301).

6. The integrated layered ventilation-membrane covering device for functional membrane composting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the inclined liquid collection tank (9) is covered with an impermeable membrane (10), and a moisture content sensor (11) is installed inside the inclined liquid collection tank (9).

7. The integrated layered ventilation-membrane covering device for functional membrane composting according to claim 1, characterized in that: Solar heat-absorbing strips (16) are installed on the side wall of the compost bin (1).

8. The integrated layered ventilation-membrane covering device for functional membrane composting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compost bin (1) is equipped with a spray pipe (17).

9. A layered ventilation-membrane covering integrated control method for functional membrane composting, characterized in that: The method steps are as follows; S1. Preparation of multifunctional composite membrane (2). S11. Preparation of the substrate layer (201): Polypropylene and polyethylene are mixed at a mass ratio of 7:3, with the addition of 0.5% antioxidant 1010 and 0.3% ultraviolet absorber UV-531. The mixture is then extruded into a film using a twin-screw extruder. S12. Preparation of functional coating (202): Nano TiO2 and montmorillonite are mixed at a mass ratio of 3:1, 5% water-based polyurethane adhesive is added, and ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 30 min to prepare a coating liquid. The coating is applied to the surface of the substrate layer (201) by a doctor blade coating method and dried at 80℃ for 2 h. S13. Prepare an antifouling layer (203); graft polyethylene glycol segments onto the surface of the functional coating (202) at a grafting temperature of 60°C for 2 hours to form a hydrophilic coating; simultaneously prepare a micron bump array (204) on the surface of the antifouling layer (203) by molding process, and then graft fluorinated hydrophobic groups onto the bump surface a second time, combined with low-pressure air purging of the inner side of the membrane once a week; S2. Construction of an integrated layered ventilation-membrane covering device; S21. First, cover the top of the compost bin (1) with the above-mentioned multifunctional composite film (2), and fix the edge of the film with spring clips (3); S22. Install airflow velocity sensors (7) at the outlet of each ventilation duct and connect variable frequency fans (8) to each ventilation duct independently. S23. Establish the calibration formula for "pile volume - fan air volume": Q = k × V (Q is the fan air volume, in m³ / h; V is the actual volume of the pile, in m³, calculated by monitoring the pile height using the displacement sensor (12) at the top of the silo; k is the calibration coefficient, k = 1.5 for the high-activity stage, k = 1.3 for the medium-activity stage, and k = 1.2 for the low-activity stage). S24. Three sets of electrically adjustable ventilation valves (14) are set on the inner side of the membrane corresponding to the three ventilation pipe positions. On the inner side of the membrane corresponding to each ventilation pipe area, one set of three-parameter sensors (15) of temperature-oxygen concentration-ATP are installed. S25. Install a set of moisture content sensors (11) in the inclined liquid collection tank (9) of the silo body. S3, Intelligent regulation of composting fermentation; S31. Establish a hierarchical regulation logic based on microbial ATP concentration, combined with temperature, oxygen concentration, and water content. S32. The sensor collects data in real time and transmits it to the PLC intelligent controller. The controller automatically adjusts the fan frequency, the opening degree of the vent valve, the start and stop of the spray pump and the working status of the solar heat absorption strip (16) according to the control logic.

10. The integrated control method for layered ventilation and membrane covering in functional membrane composting according to claim 9, characterized in that: The specific control logic in step S31 is as follows: High activity stage: At this time, the microbial community is metabolically vigorous. If T=55~65℃, O=15%~20%, W=65%~70%, maintain the current ventilation volume and open the vent valve at 50%; if O>20% or T>65℃, reduce the frequency of the corresponding floor fan by 30% and close the vent valve to avoid excessive oxidation and energy waste. Medium-active stage: If T=45~55℃, O=12%~15%, W=60%~65%, increase the frequency of the corresponding layer fan by 20%, open the air valve to 80%, and at the same time enhance the activity of the microbial community through the inner side spray pipe 17 of the membrane. Low activity stage: If T < 45℃ or O < 12%, activate the solar heat absorption strip 16 on the side wall of the silo to assist in heating the stack; at the same time, increase the frequency of the corresponding layer fan to 80% and fully open the vent valve to replenish fresh oxygen; if W < 60%, use the leachate collected in the collection tank to spray back and replenish moisture to maintain stable humidity.

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