Testing device for applying static force and dynamic force

Abstract

The invention discloses a test device for applying static force and dynamic force. The test device comprises a transverse driving module, a vertical loading module, a guiding restraining module and a balancing module. A clamp of the transverse driving module is fixedly connected with a ball screw device, and a transverse servo motor is fixedly connected with the upper platen and drives the ball screw device. A servo electric cylinder of the vertical loading module is fixedly connected with a lower bedplate, a pressure sensor is fixedly connected with the lower bedplate, and a spring is arranged between the pressure sensor and an upper bedplate; the guide restraining module restrains the platen to move through a guide column and a guide sleeve; and a counter weight of the balance module is fixedly connected with the upper bedplate. The dynamic / static contact force can be accurately controlled, the adjustable range of reciprocating sliding parameters is wide, the motion stability is high, the structure is compact, dismounting and mounting are convenient, and a reliable platform is provided for a pantograph-catenary test.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electric train pantograph-catenary friction and wear testing technology, specifically to a testing device for applying static and dynamic forces. Background Technology

[0002] The stable operation of electric trains relies heavily on the sliding contact between the pantograph and the overhead contact line to transmit electrical energy. A specific contact force must be maintained between the two to ensure the stability of the train's current collection. In the study of pantograph-catenary systems, the friction and wear performance of the pantograph-catenary contact pair directly affects the safety and economy of train operation, and changes in dynamic contact force are one of the key factors influencing this performance.

[0003] Currently, existing experimental setups for simulating pantograph-catenary friction conditions generally suffer from a core deficiency: they cannot apply actively controllable dynamic contact forces between the pantograph and catenary contact pairs. This deficiency makes it difficult for researchers to systematically and accurately investigate the intrinsic relationship between changes in dynamic contact forces and the friction and wear performance of the pantograph-catenary system, thus hindering the progress of pantograph-catenary system optimization design. Therefore, developing an experimental setup capable of actively applying and precisely controlling dynamic contact forces has become an urgent technical problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the core objective of this invention is to provide a test device for applying static and dynamic forces. This device can achieve dynamic force loading and closed-loop control of the pantograph-catenary friction pair, and can also precisely adjust the reciprocating sliding parameters of the test sample, providing a reliable test platform for studying the influence of dynamic contact force changes on the pantograph-catenary friction and wear performance. To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A test device for applying static and dynamic forces includes a lateral drive module, a vertical loading module, a guide constraint module, and a balance module; The lateral drive module includes a clamp, a ball screw device, a lateral servo motor, and an upper platform. The clamp is fixed to the ball screw device by bolts. The lateral servo motor is fixed to the upper platform by bolts through a motor mounting plate, and the output end of the lateral servo motor is connected to the ball screw device for transmission. The vertical loading module includes a vertical loading servo electric cylinder, a pressure sensor, a spring, and a lower platform. The vertical loading servo electric cylinder is fixed to the lower platform via an electric cylinder connecting flange. The pressure sensor is fixed to the lower platform, and the spring is arranged between the pressure sensor and the upper platform. The guiding constraint module includes an upper guide post, an upper guide sleeve, a lower guide sleeve, and a lower guide post. The upper guide post is inserted into the upper guide sleeve, the upper end of the upper guide post is fixed to the upper platform, the lower end of the upper guide sleeve is fixed to the lower platform, the lower guide post is inserted into the lower guide sleeve, the lower guide sleeve is fixed on the testing machine base, and the upper end of the lower guide post is fixed to the lower platform. The balancing module includes a counterweight, which is fixed to the bottom of the upper platform.

[0005] Preferably, the ball screw device includes a dirt-proof skirt housing, and a coupling, a ball screw, a ball screw support seat one, a ball nut, a reciprocating sliding plate, and a ball screw support seat two are connected inside the dirt-proof skirt housing. The horizontal servo motor is connected to the ball screw via a coupling; the first ball screw support and the second ball screw support are fixed on the upper plate to support the ball screw; the ball nut is sleeved on the ball screw, the reciprocating sliding plate is fixed to the ball nut, and the clamp is fixed on the reciprocating sliding plate.

[0006] Preferably, multiple upper guide posts and multiple upper guide sleeves are provided, and the multiple upper guide posts correspond one-to-one with the multiple upper guide sleeves and are movably inserted.

[0007] Preferably, the number of upper guide posts and upper guide sleeves is one, and they are arranged in a rectangular shape.

[0008] Preferably, multiple lower guide posts and multiple lower guide sleeves are provided, and the multiple lower guide posts correspond one-to-one with the multiple lower guide sleeves and are movably inserted.

[0009] Preferably, the number of the lower guide post and the lower guide sleeve are both one, and they are distributed in a rectangular shape.

[0010] Preferably, the weight of the counterweight is matched with the weight of the transverse servo motor.

[0011] Preferably, the lateral servo motor, the vertical loading servo cylinder, and the pressure sensor are electrically connected to an external detection and control module. The detection and control module controls the extension and retraction of the vertical loading servo cylinder by the pressure value fed back by the pressure sensor, thereby achieving closed-loop control of the contact force; and adjusts the amplitude and frequency of the reciprocating sliding of the fixture by controlling the horizontal servo motor.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. Achieving precise control of dynamic contact force: Through a closed-loop control system consisting of a vertically loaded servo cylinder, a pressure sensor, and a spring, static and dynamic contact forces can be actively applied and precisely adjusted. This solves the technical bottleneck of existing devices being unable to achieve active control of dynamic contact force, and provides core conditions for studying the influence of dynamic contact force on the friction and wear performance of the pantograph-catenary system.

[0013] 2. Wide range of adjustable reciprocating sliding parameters: With the help of the transmission cooperation between the transverse servo motor and the ball screw device, the amplitude and frequency of the reciprocating sliding of the test sample can be flexibly adjusted, making the test more adaptable.

[0014] 3. High motion stability: Through the guiding constraints of 4 sets of upper guide pillars and upper guide sleeves, 4 sets of lower guide pillars and lower guide sleeves, and the weight balance of the counterweight on the transverse servo motor, the straightness and stability of the upper and lower platform movements are effectively guaranteed, avoiding the interference of motion deviation on the accuracy of contact force application and friction and wear test results.

[0015] 4. Compact structure and easy assembly / disassembly: Most components are connected by bolts, and the structure is compact, which facilitates the replacement of test samples, maintenance of the device and repair of parts, thus improving the efficiency of the test. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a side view of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the ball screw device of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the ball screw device of the present invention. Figure 2 ; In the attached figures, the following labels are used: 1. Fixture; 2. Test sample; 3. Ball screw device; 4. Horizontal servo motor; 5. Motor fixing plate; 6. Upper platform; 7. Upper guide post; 8. Upper guide sleeve; 9. Vertical loading servo cylinder; 10. Pressure sensor; 11. Spring; 12. Lower platform; 13. Lower guide sleeve; 14. Lower guide post; 15. Counterweight. 301. Anti-fouling skirt housing, 302. Coupling, 303. Ball screw support seat one, 304. Ball screw, 305. Ball nut, 306. Reciprocating sliding table, 307. Ball screw support seat two. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0020] like Figure 1-4 As shown, the present invention provides a test device for applying static and dynamic forces, including a lateral drive module, a vertical loading module, a guide constraint module, and a balance module; The lateral drive module includes a clamp 1, a ball screw device 3, a lateral servo motor 4, and an upper platform 6. The clamp 1 is fixed to the ball screw device 3 by bolt connection. The lateral servo motor 4 is fixed to the upper platform 6 by bolt connection through a motor fixing plate 5, and the output end of the lateral servo motor 4 is connected to the ball screw device 3 for transmission. The vertical loading module includes a vertical loading servo electric cylinder 9, a pressure sensor 10, a spring 11, and a lower platform 12. The vertical loading servo electric cylinder 9 is fixed to the lower platform 12 through an electric cylinder connecting flange. The pressure sensor 10 is fixed to the lower platform 12. The spring 11 is arranged between the pressure sensor 10 and the upper platform 6. The guide constraint module includes an upper guide post 7, an upper guide sleeve 8, a lower guide sleeve 13, and a lower guide post 14. The upper guide post 7 is inserted into the upper guide sleeve 8. The upper end of the upper guide post 7 is fixed to the upper platform 6. The lower end of the upper guide sleeve 8 is fixed to the lower platform 12. The lower guide post 14 is inserted into the lower guide sleeve 13. The lower guide sleeve 13 is fixed on the base of the testing machine. The upper end of the lower guide post 14 is fixed to the lower platform 12. The balancing module includes a counterweight 15, which is fixed to the bottom of the upper platform 6.

[0021] The ball screw device 3 includes a dirt-proof skirt housing 301, which is connected to a coupling 302, a ball screw 304, a first ball screw support 303, a ball nut 305, a reciprocating sliding plate 306, and a second ball screw support 307. A transverse servo motor 4 is connected to the ball screw 304 via the coupling 302. The first ball screw support 303 and the second ball screw support 307 are fixed on the upper plate 6 to support the ball screw 304. The ball nut 305 is sleeved on the ball screw 304, and the reciprocating sliding plate 306 is fixed to the ball nut 305. The clamp 1 is fixed on the reciprocating sliding plate 306.

[0022] The advantages of the above settings are: The anti-fouling skirt housing 301 provides all-round protection for the internal core transmission components, effectively isolating dust, metal shavings, and oil generated during the test, preventing impurities from entering and causing transmission jamming or decreased accuracy, and extending the service life of the components. The transverse servo motor 4 achieves rigid transmission with the ball screw 304 through the coupling 302, which has high power transmission efficiency and low delay, ensuring that the rotational motion output by the motor can be accurately transmitted to the screw. The ball screw support seats 303 and 307 provide stable support at both ends of the ball screw 304, greatly improving the coaxiality of the screw during rotation and reducing radial runout. The rolling friction transmission structure of the ball screw 304 and the ball nut 305 has a smaller coefficient of friction and less wear compared to sliding transmission, which can achieve high-precision positioning under high-speed reciprocating motion. Finally, the reciprocating sliding platform 306 drives the fixture 1 and the test sample 2 to complete a smooth and accurate reciprocating slide, meeting the motion simulation needs under different working conditions.

[0023] Multiple upper guide posts 7 and multiple upper guide sleeves 8 are provided, and the multiple upper guide posts 7 and multiple upper guide sleeves 8 correspond one-to-one and are movably inserted.

[0024] The advantages of the above settings are: The one-to-one insertion of multiple sets of upper guide posts 7 and upper guide sleeves 8 constructs a multi-point collaborative guiding mechanism, which can effectively restrict the redundant degrees of freedom of the upper platform plate 6, such as translation in the horizontal direction and rotation around the vertical axis, and force the upper platform plate 6 to move only in a straight line in the vertical direction. The movable insertion method not only ensures the guiding accuracy, but also reduces the frictional resistance during the movement process and avoids jamming. The multi-point constraint makes the force on the upper platform plate 6 more uniform, prevents the movement deviation caused by the failure of a single set of guiding structures, and provides a basic guarantee for the stable application of vertical contact force.

[0025] There are four upper guide posts 7 and four upper guide sleeves 8, arranged in a rectangular pattern.

[0026] The advantages of the above settings are: The four guide structures, arranged in a rectangular pattern, form a stable "four-point support" system that matches the rectangular structure of the upper platform 6. This system evenly distributes the weight of the upper platform 6 and its components across the four guide structures, preventing overload on any single structure. The symmetry of the rectangular distribution ensures consistent guiding stiffness in all directions during vertical movement of the upper platform 6, reducing platform tilting or deformation caused by uneven stress. Compared to a three-point distribution, the four-point rectangular distribution offers greater redundancy. Even if one guide structure experiences slight wear, the other three can maintain overall guiding accuracy, improving the reliability of the device.

[0027] Multiple lower guide posts 14 and multiple lower guide sleeves 13 are provided, and the multiple lower guide posts 14 correspond one-to-one with the multiple lower guide sleeves 13 and are movably inserted.

[0028] The advantages of the above settings are: In coordination with the upper guide structure, the insertion and engagement of multiple sets of lower guide posts 14 and lower guide sleeves 13 can precisely constrain the movement trajectory of the lower platform 12, ensuring that the lower platform 12 moves smoothly in a straight line only in the vertical direction under the thrust of the vertical loading servo cylinder 9, avoiding horizontal deviation or torsion; the movable insertion structure can adapt to the frequent up and down movement of the lower platform 12, reducing movement resistance while ensuring that the loading force can be efficiently transmitted to the spring 11 in the vertical direction, avoiding loss of loading force or inaccurate application of contact force due to movement deviation.

[0029] There are four lower guide posts 14 and four lower guide sleeves 13, arranged in a rectangular pattern.

[0030] The advantages of the above settings are: The rectangular distribution of the four lower guide posts 14 and the lower guide sleeve 13 matches the force center of the lower platform 12 and the force direction of the vertical loading servo cylinder 9, allowing the loading force to be evenly transmitted to each guide post structure through the lower platform 12, avoiding local stress concentration. When the vertical loading servo cylinder 9 outputs a large thrust, the four-point support of the rectangular distribution can effectively improve the deformation resistance of the lower platform 12, prevent the platform from bending or warping, ensure the uniform compression of the spring 11, and thus ensure the stability of the contact force. The distribution form is consistent with that of the upper guide structure, which can make the force system of the entire device more coordinated and reduce mutual interference during the movement process.

[0031] The weight of counterweight 15 is matched with the weight of the horizontal servo motor 4.

[0032] The advantages of the above settings are: The transverse servo motor 4 serves as the main eccentric load source on the upper platform 6. Its weight causes the center of gravity of the upper platform 6 to shift. The counterweight 15, which matches the weight, can restore the center of gravity of the upper platform 6 to the geometric center through the reverse balancing effect. The center of gravity balance can effectively reduce the tilting tendency of the upper platform 6 during vertical movement and prevent abnormal wear of the upper guide post 7 and upper guide sleeve 8 due to excessive force on one side. At the same time, when the transverse servo motor 4 starts or changes speed, the counterweight 15 can counteract the inertial force generated by the motor, reduce the vibration of the device, improve the overall motion stability, and ensure the accuracy of the test data.

[0033] The horizontal servo motor 4, the vertical loading servo cylinder 9, and the pressure sensor 10 are electrically connected to the external detection and control module. The detection and control module controls the extension and retraction of the vertical loading servo cylinder 9 through the pressure value fed back by the pressure sensor 10, thereby realizing closed-loop control of the contact force. The amplitude and frequency of the reciprocating sliding of the clamp 1 are adjusted by controlling the horizontal servo motor 4.

[0034] The advantages of the above settings are: The integrated electrical connection control system enables coordinated regulation of motion parameters and loading parameters, improving the automation level of the test. Real-time feedback from the pressure sensor 10 creates a closed loop for contact force control. The detection and control module can quickly adjust the extension and retraction of the vertical loading servo cylinder 9 based on the deviation between the feedback value and the target value, achieving constant output of static contact force or precise tracking of dynamic contact force to meet the needs of different test scenarios. By regulating the transverse servo motor 4 through the same control module, the amplitude and frequency of reciprocating sliding can be flexibly set, making the matching of motion parameters and contact force parameters more convenient and significantly improving the flexibility and accuracy of the test. Compared with independent control methods, this setting reduces signal delay, ensures the synchronization of motion and loading, and improves the reliability of test data.

[0035] Working principle This experimental device, which applies static and dynamic forces, simulates the relative motion and dynamic contact conditions of the pantograph-catenary friction pair through two collaborative mechanisms: "lateral reciprocating motion drive" and "vertical contact force loading and closed-loop control." Its working principle revolves around the linkage logic of key structures, as detailed below: I. Principle of Lateral Reciprocating Motion Driving (Simulating Relative Sliding of Bower and Catenary) The core of this part uses a lateral drive module to achieve the reciprocating sliding of test sample 2. The structural linkage process and principle are as follows: 1. Power Input: The transverse servo motor 4 starts upon receiving a command from an externally connected detection and control module. Its output torque is transmitted to the ball screw 304 via coupling 302, converting the motor's rotational motion into the screw's rotational power. The ball screw 304 is fixed to the upper plate 6 via ball screw support seats 303 and 307 at both ends, ensuring stability during rotation.

[0036] 2. Motion Conversion: The ball nut 305, sleeved on the ball screw 304, converts the rotational motion of the ball screw 304 into its own reciprocating linear motion along the screw axis under the helical transmission of the screw thread. Since the reciprocating sliding plate 306 is fixed to the ball nut 305 by bolts, the reciprocating sliding plate 306 reciprocates synchronously with the ball nut 305.

[0037] 3. Sample Driving: The fixture 1, fixed on the reciprocating sliding platform 306, and the test sample 2 held on the fixture 1, reciprocate and slide together with the reciprocating sliding platform 306. The externally connected detection and control module can precisely adjust the reciprocating sliding parameters of the test sample 2 by adjusting the rotation speed (controlling the sliding speed) and the direction switching frequency (controlling the sliding amplitude) of the transverse servo motor 4 to match the requirements of different pantograph-catenary operation conditions.

[0038] 4. Balance Guarantee: The counterweight 15 fixed on the upper plate 6 has a weight that matches the horizontal servo motor 4. It can counteract the eccentric torque generated by the motor operation and installation, ensuring that the upper plate 6 is balanced during the horizontal movement transmission and avoiding vibration interference with sliding accuracy.

[0039] II. Vertical contact force loading and closed-loop control principle (to achieve static / dynamic force application) This part achieves precise application of static or dynamic contact force between the test sample 2 and the contact line through closed-loop linkage between the vertical loading module and the detection control module. The core principle is as follows: 1. Loading Power Transmission: The vertical loading servo cylinder 9 is fixed on the lower platform 12. After receiving commands from the externally connected detection and control module, its piston rod extends and retracts vertically, driving the lower platform 12 to move up and down synchronously. The movement direction of the lower platform 12 is constrained by the upper guide post 7 and upper guide sleeve 8, and the lower guide post 14 and lower guide sleeve 13. The four sets of upper guide posts 7 and upper guide sleeve 8 restrict the upper platform 6 to move only in the vertical direction, and the four sets of lower guide posts 14 and lower guide sleeve 13 restrict the lower platform 12 to move only in the vertical direction, ensuring that the force loading direction is accurate and without deviation.

[0040] 2. Force transmission and generation: When the lower platform 12 moves upward, the pressure sensor 10 fixed on it rises synchronously, squeezing the spring 11 located between the pressure sensor 10 and the upper platform 6; after the spring 11 is compressed, it generates an upward elastic force, which acts on the upper platform 6 and drives the upper platform 6 and the transverse drive module to move upward as a whole until the test sample 2 contacts the contact line and forms the initial contact force.

[0041] 3. Static / Dynamic Force Closed-Loop Control: Pressure sensor 10 detects the pressure value of spring 11 in real time (this pressure value is equivalent to the contact force between test sample 2 and contact wire), and feeds the detection data back to the externally connected detection control module in real time; the detection control module compares the feedback value with the preset target contact force value: - If it is a static force requirement: When the feedback value is consistent with the target value, control the vertical loading servo cylinder 9 to stop extending and retracting, keep the compression of the spring 11 stable, and realize the continuous application of static contact force; - If dynamic force is required: The detection and control module adjusts the extension and retraction of the vertical loading servo cylinder 9 in real time according to the preset dynamic force change law (such as sine wave, square wave, etc.), changes the compression degree of the spring 11, and makes the pressure value fed back by the pressure sensor 10 follow the target dynamic curve, thereby realizing the precise application of dynamic contact force between the test sample 2 and the contact line.

[0042] III. Overall Collaborative Working Logic After the device is started, the externally connected detection and control module synchronously triggers the lateral drive module and the vertical loading module: the lateral servo motor 4 drives the test sample 2 to slide back and forth according to the set parameters, simulating the relative motion of the bow and catenary; the vertical loading servo cylinder 9 applies static or dynamic contact force to the test sample 2 under the feedback adjustment of the pressure sensor 10; the guide constraint module (upper guide post 7, upper guide sleeve 8, etc.) and the balance module (counterweight 15) ensure that the entire motion and loading process is stable and accurate, and finally realizes the simulation of the friction and wear test conditions of the bow and catenary friction pair under dynamic contact force. Example 1:

[0043] static contact force test of pantograph-catenary wear performance 1.1 Experimental Objectives To investigate the friction and wear characteristics of the test sample (pantograph sliding plate material) and the contact wire under constant contact force (simulating the pantograph-catenary contact state during smooth train operation), and to obtain the relationship curve between wear amount and sliding distance.

[0044] 1.2 Device Parameter Configuration - Test Sample 2: A copper-based powder metallurgy pantograph sliding plate with dimensions of 50mm×20mm×10mm was selected and fastened to the clamp 1 with bolts to ensure that the clamping surface is perpendicular to the sliding direction.

[0045] - Lateral drive parameters: The lateral servo motor 4 is a servo motor with model number 130ST-M06025. The reciprocating sliding amplitude is set to 100mm (simulating the relative sliding stroke of the pantograph and catenary) and the sliding frequency is 0.5Hz.

[0046] - Vertical loading parameters: The vertical loading servo electric cylinder 9 is an EC060 model electric cylinder, and the static contact force target value is set to 100N (compliant with the static contact force standard of the bow catenary in GB / T 21563-2008); the pressure sensor 10 is a tension and compression sensor with an accuracy of 0.01N, and the spring 11 is a high-strength alloy spring with a stiffness of 50N / mm.

[0047] - Guiding and balancing: The upper guide post 7, upper guide sleeve 8, lower guide post 14, and lower guide sleeve 13 are all distributed in 4 sets of rectangles. The counterweight 15 is a cast iron block with a weight of 8kg (matching the weight of the horizontal servo motor 4).

[0048] 1.3 Test Procedure 1. Assembly and debugging: Fix the test sample 2 to the fixture 1, adjust the reciprocating sliding platform 306 of the ball screw device 3 to make the sample initially contact the contact line (the copper alloy contact line for testing); check that the anti-fouling skirt housing 301 is installed in place and ensure that there is no interference between the internal coupling 302, ball screw 304 and other components.

[0049] 2. Loading Initialization: Start the detection and control module to control the piston rod of the vertical loading servo cylinder 9 to extend, push the lower platform 12 to move upward, and compress the spring 11; the pressure sensor 10 provides real-time feedback of the pressure value. When the value stabilizes at 100N, the servo cylinder 9 stops moving, realizing static contact force locking.

[0050] 3. Dynamic operation: Start the transverse servo motor 4, which drives the ball screw 304 to rotate through the coupling 302, causing the ball nut 305 and the reciprocating sliding platform 306 to reciprocate. The test sample 2 slides relative to the contact line. Set the total sliding distance of a single test to 10,000m, and stop the machine every 2,000m. Use an electronic balance with an accuracy of 0.001g to weigh the test sample 2 and record the amount of wear.

[0051] 4. Data processing: After the test, the wear curve was plotted by combining the sliding distance and wear data, and the wear law of the sample under static contact force was analyzed. Example 2:

[0052] Dynamic contact force pantograph-catenary friction vibration test 2.1 Experimental Objectives The study simulates the dynamic changes in contact force when a train passes through switches and ramps, explores the influence of contact force fluctuations (sinusoidal law) on the vibration characteristics of pantograph-catenary friction, and obtains correlation data between vibration acceleration and contact force changes.

[0053] 2.2 Device Parameter Configuration - Test Sample 2: A carbon ceramic composite pantograph plate with dimensions of 60mm×25mm×12mm was selected. The clamp 1 adopts an elastic clamping structure to reduce the influence of clamping stiffness on vibration.

[0054] - Lateral drive parameters: The lateral servo motor 4 is model 130ST-M10030, with a reciprocating sliding amplitude of 150mm and a sliding frequency of 1Hz.

[0055] - Dynamic loading parameters: The vertical loading servo electric cylinder 9 is model EC080, and the dynamic contact force is set to a sinusoidal wave with an amplitude range of 50-150N and a fluctuation frequency of 0.2Hz; the pressure sensor 10 is a high-precision sensor with a response frequency of 1kHz to ensure accurate capture of dynamic signals.

[0056] - Vibration detection: An external acceleration sensor is installed on the side of fixture 1 to collect data synchronously with the detection and control module.

[0057] 2.3 Test Procedure 1. System calibration: After starting the device, first perform static load calibration (3 levels: 50N, 100N, and 150N) to ensure that the error between the feedback value of pressure sensor 10 and the actual contact force is less than 0.5%; check the fit clearance between the upper guide post 7 and the upper guide sleeve 8 to ensure that the upper platform 6 moves smoothly vertically.

[0058] 2. Dynamic loading setting: Input dynamic contact force command into the detection and control module to control the vertical loading servo cylinder 9 to extend and retract according to the rule, so as to realize dynamic fluctuation of contact force.

[0059] 3. Collaborative test: The transverse servo motor 4 and the dynamic loading program are started synchronously. The test sample 2 is subjected to dynamic contact force while sliding back and forth. The data of the acceleration sensor and the pressure sensor 10 are collected synchronously, the sampling frequency is 1000Hz, and the duration of a single test is 60s.

[0060] 4. Vibration Analysis: Perform spectral analysis on the collected vibration acceleration data, and combine it with the corresponding contact force variation curve to identify the correlation between the resonant frequency, vibration peak value and contact force fluctuation. Example 3:

[0061] Dynamic force loading comprehensive test under high and low temperature conditions 3.1 Experimental Objectives Simulating extreme environments such as plateaus and cold regions, this study investigates the changes in friction, wear, and mechanical properties of the pantograph-catenary material under the combined effects of dynamic contact force and low / high temperature within a temperature range of -40℃ to 60℃.

[0062] 3.2 Device Parameter Configuration and Environmental Adaptation - Environmental setup: A high and low temperature environment chamber is set up in the test area to completely enclose the fixture 1, test sample 2 and contact wire. The temperature control accuracy is ±1℃ and the humidity is controlled at 30%±5%.

[0063] - Test Sample 2: A silver-based alloy pantograph contact plate and a tin bronze contact wire were selected. The sample surface was degreased to avoid oil stains affecting the test results.

[0064] - Core parameters: lateral sliding amplitude 120mm, frequency 0.8Hz; dynamic contact force is a square wave variation; upper guide post 7 and lower guide post 14 are treated with low temperature wear-resistant coating to ensure stable mating performance at -40℃.

[0065] 3.3 Test Procedure 1. Environmental pretreatment: Set the ambient temperature of the chamber to -40℃ and keep it at that temperature for 2 hours to allow the temperature of the test sample 2 and the device components to stabilize; check the lubrication status of the ball screw device 3 and use low-temperature grease to ensure smooth transmission.

[0066] 2. Segmented test: The test was conducted at five temperature points: -40℃, 0℃, 25℃, 40℃ and 60℃. At each temperature point, the test was dynamically loaded for 30 minutes, and the contact force, vibration and wear data were collected simultaneously.

[0067] 3. Special working condition verification: At a high temperature of 60℃, the test was extended to 2 hours to observe the heat resistance of the anti-fouling skirt housing 301 and the elastic stability of the spring 11 to ensure that the device has no risk of failure.

[0068] 4. Results Comparison: The friction coefficient (calculated by contact force and friction force) and vibration amplitude data at different temperatures are compared to analyze the influence mechanism of extreme environments on the friction performance of the pantograph-catenary system.

[0069] Core advantages are reflected In the above embodiments, the device protects the transmission components through the anti-fouling skirt housing 301, the four sets of rectangularly distributed guide post and guide sleeve structures ensure motion accuracy, the counterweight 15 balances and improves stability, and the detection and control module realizes coordinated control of force and motion. The three embodiments respectively cover static, dynamic and extreme environment test scenarios, verifying the versatility and reliability of the device, which can meet the needs of different pantograph-catenary test research.

[0070] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A testing device for applying static and dynamic forces, characterized in that, It includes a lateral drive module, a vertical loading module, a guide constraint module, and a balancing module; The lateral drive module includes a clamp (1), a ball screw device (3), a lateral servo motor (4), and an upper plate (6). The clamp (1) is fixed to the ball screw device (3) by bolt connection. The lateral servo motor (4) is fixed to the upper plate (6) by bolt connection through a motor fixing plate (5). The output end of the lateral servo motor (4) is connected to the ball screw device (3) for transmission. The vertical loading module includes a vertical loading servo electric cylinder (9), a pressure sensor (10), a spring (11), and a lower platform (12). The vertical loading servo electric cylinder (9) is fixed on the lower platform (12) through an electric cylinder connecting flange. The pressure sensor (10) is fixed on the lower platform (12). The spring (11) is arranged between the pressure sensor (10) and the upper platform (6). The guiding constraint module includes an upper guide post (7), an upper guide sleeve (8), a lower guide sleeve (13), and a lower guide post (14). The upper guide post (7) is inserted into the upper guide sleeve (8). The upper end of the upper guide post (7) is fixed to the upper platform (6). The lower end of the upper guide sleeve (8) is fixed to the lower platform (12). The lower guide post (14) is inserted into the lower guide sleeve (13). The lower guide sleeve (13) is fixed on the base of the testing machine. The upper end of the lower guide post (14) is fixed to the lower platform (12). The balancing module includes a counterweight (15), which is fixed to the bottom of the upper platform (6).

2. The testing device for applying static and dynamic forces according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ball screw device (3) includes a dirt-proof skirt housing (301), and a coupling (302), a ball screw (304), a ball screw support seat one (303), a ball nut (305), a reciprocating sliding plate (306), and a ball screw support seat two (307) are connected inside the dirt-proof skirt housing (301). The horizontal servo motor (4) is connected to the ball screw (304) via a coupling (302); the ball screw support seat one (303) and the ball screw support seat two (307) are fixed on the upper plate (6) to support the ball screw (304); the ball nut (305) is sleeved on the ball screw (304), the reciprocating sliding plate (306) is fixed to the ball nut (305), and the clamp (1) is fixed on the reciprocating sliding plate (306).

3. The testing device for applying static and dynamic forces according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper guide post (7) and upper guide sleeve (8) are provided in multiple ways, and the multiple upper guide posts (7) correspond one-to-one with the multiple upper guide sleeves (8) and are movably inserted.

4. The testing device for applying static and dynamic forces according to claim 3, characterized in that, The number of upper guide posts (7) and upper guide sleeves (8) are both 4, arranged in a rectangular pattern.

5. The testing apparatus for applying static and dynamic forces according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower guide post (14) and the lower guide sleeve (13) are provided in multiples, and the multiple lower guide posts (14) correspond one-to-one with the multiple lower guide sleeves (13) and are movably inserted.

6. The testing apparatus for applying static and dynamic forces according to claim 5, characterized in that, The number of lower guide posts (14) and lower guide sleeves (13) are both 4, arranged in a rectangular pattern.

7. The testing apparatus for applying static and dynamic forces according to claim 1, characterized in that, The weight of the counterweight (15) is matched with the weight of the horizontal servo motor (4).

8. The testing apparatus for applying static and dynamic forces according to claim 1, characterized in that, The horizontal servo motor (4), the vertical loading servo cylinder (9), and the pressure sensor (10) are respectively electrically connected to the external detection and control module; The detection and control module controls the extension and retraction of the vertical loading servo cylinder (9) by the pressure value fed back by the pressure sensor (10), thereby realizing closed-loop control of the contact force; and adjusts the amplitude and frequency of the reciprocating sliding of the clamp (1) by controlling the horizontal servo motor (4).

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