Power supply with standby mode

Abstract

A power supply and an operation method. Comprising a power supply input end capable of receiving mains supply, a computing device comprising a processor, a first PSU electrically connected to the computing device and capable of receiving the mains supply to provide power for the computing device when the power supply is turned on, a second PSU, and a first switching device electrically connected to the power supply input end and the first PSU and the second PSU to transfer the mains supply to the first PSU or the second PSU, and a second switching device that can select a high or low voltage setting of the second PSU. The computing device is electrically coupled to the first switching device and the second switching device, the processor may measure a mains voltage input to the first PSU, determine that the mains is in a high voltage range or a low voltage range that does not overlap the high voltage range based on the voltage measurement, and may operate the second switching device to a low voltage setting if the mains is in the low voltage range, or operating to a high voltage setting if the mains supply is in a high voltage range, operating the first switching device from the first PSU to the second PSU after operation, and transferring the mains supply from the first PSU to the second PSU.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to a power supply having a standby mode, an amplifier comprising a power supply having a standby mode, and a method of operating a power supply having a standby mode. BACKGROUND

[0002] It is known that a power supply, such as a transformer for an amplifier and other devices, receives power from a power supply, typically mains or main supply, and outputs power at a required voltage to a device, such as a circuit of an amplifier. The required voltage of the device can be higher than the power supplied by the mains, or it can be lower. Therefore, the power supply can comprise a step-up transformer or a step-down transformer. The power supply voltage used by the majority of the world's population (Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and most of South America) is within 6% of 230V. In the UK and Australia, the nominal power supply voltage is 230 V +10% / -6% to accommodate the fact that most power supplies / transformers are actually still set at 240V. The 230V standard has become widespread, so that 230V equipment can be used in most areas of the world with the aid of an adaptor or by changing the equipment plug according to the standard. The power supply voltage used in the USA and Canada is 120 volts ±6%.

[0003] There is a need in the industry to provide a power supply that is able to detect its area of operation, i.e. whether the voltage is within 230 volts or within 120 volts. Some power supplies are provided with a manual selection switch operated by the user, which selects a low or high voltage option on the power supply, thereby ensuring that the output voltage of the power supply is constant. However, this has a number of unresolved issues. If the user does not select the correct manual switch (for example, selecting the 230 volt switch when the mains is 115 volts or thereabouts, or vice versa), the output voltage can vary dramatically, and can even damage any device (or even the power supply). This can have catastrophic effects on the electrical components, and can lead to safety risks. Furthermore, the voltage provided by the secondary winding on the output side of the transformer is directly proportional to the voltage input to the primary winding on the input side of the transformer. Therefore, a voltage spike on the mains (for example, a voltage higher than 230 volts in a 230 volt set-up) will result in a voltage spike on the output side, which can be fed directly into a device powered by the transformer. This can result in the device powered by the transformer failing or operating less efficiently. Similarly, a drop in mains voltage will result in a drop in output side voltage, which will also result in the device powered by the transformer failing.

[0004] Modern power supplies can be placed in a standby mode of operation when the device powered by the power supply is not in operation. Standby mode of operation generally refers to a mode in which the power supply consumes less power than when on. In standby mode of operation, the power supply generally only keeps the basic functions of the power supply enabled to allow the power supply to quickly turn on. As a tradeoff, the standby mode is less efficient than turning the power supply device completely off because some power is still consumed. There is a need to provide a power supply standby mode with lower power consumption.

[0005] Accordingly, there is a need in the industry for improved power supplies that can provide constant voltage power to a device in an efficient, dynamic manner. It is an object of the present invention to address the foregoing needs. SUMMARY

[0006] To achieve the foregoing objects, the present invention provides a power supply, an amplifier, and a method of operating a power supply, as described in the following claims.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, a power supply is provided. The power supply includes a power supply input operable to receive mains power, a computing device including a processor, and a first power supply unit (PSU). The first PSU is electrically coupled to the computing device. The first PSU is operable to receive the mains power when the power supply is on and provide power to the computing device. The power supply includes a second PSU. The power supply includes a first switching device electrically coupled to the power supply input, the first PSU, and the second PSU, the first switching device operable to divert the mains power to the first PSU or the second PSU. The power supply includes a second switching device operable to select a high voltage setting or a low voltage setting of the second PSU. The computing device is further electrically coupled to the first switching device and the second switching device. The processor of the computing device is operable to measure a voltage of the mains power input to the first PSU and determine, based on the voltage measurement, that the mains power is in a low voltage range or in a high voltage, where the low voltage range does not overlap with the high voltage range. The processor of the computing device is operable to operate the second switching device to the low voltage setting if the mains power is in the low voltage range or to the high voltage setting if the mains power is in the high voltage range. The processor of the computing device is operable to operate the first switching device from the first PSU to the second PSU to divert the mains power from the first PSU to the second PSU after operating the second switching device.

[0008] By providing two separate power supply units for the power supply, the auxiliary functions of the power supply (such as powering the units, detecting the region in which the power supply is being used, maintaining a low power standby mode, etc.) can be separated from the main functions of the power supply units (such as acting as a power transformer / amplifier). This has a number of advantageous features. For example, the auxiliary functions which require less power than the main power supply functions can be performed by a smaller (and less power hungry) auxiliary power supply unit (in the above case, the first PSU). Thus, when the main power supply functions are disabled (for example, during a low power standby mode), the auxiliary functions can be active. Thus, the power supply units of the present embodiments can detect and subsequently select a low voltage or high voltage range (i.e. detect the region in which the power supply is being used) in a low power standby mode without the need to power the main power supply functions (i.e. the second PSU which can be a high power transformer). This reduces the amount of power consumed during standby mode (compared to running a higher power PSU, such as the second PSU which is idle during standby mode), and supports region detection during standby mode. Furthermore, as the auxiliary functions are first performed by the auxiliary power supply unit, and once these features have been performed, the first switching device switches all mains power from the auxiliary power supply unit to the main power supply unit, the efficiency of the main power supply unit is improved. In other words, some of the auxiliary functions (such as those required during a low power standby, and during the transition from a low power standby mode to an "on" mode of the power supply) are no longer performed, and all mains power is passed through the main power supply unit, improving the efficiency of the main power supply unit. Providing a low voltage range or high voltage switch for computer detection and power supply reduces human error in selecting the correct voltage range, and prevents damage to the power supply.

[0009] In one embodiment, the first switching device comprises a main start switch operable to divert mains power to either the first PSU or the second PSU, and a soft start switch coupled in parallel with the main start switch, the soft start switch operable to provide mains power to the second PSU when the soft start switch is engaged. Operating the first switching device further comprises the processor engaging the soft start switch to turn on the second PSU while leaving the first PSU on, subsequently operating the main start switch from the first PSU to the second PSU, and subsequently disengaging the soft start switch.

[0010] Advantageously, a smooth power transition can be provided between the auxiliary power supply unit and the main power supply unit. This allows the computing device of the auxiliary power supply unit to be closed without error, and also ensures that the main power supply unit is able to turn on correctly before the main switch of the auxiliary power supply unit and the main power supply unit are operated.

[0011] In one embodiment, the processor is also operable to measure the voltage of the output power of the second PSU when the soft-start switch is engaged and when the main switch is switched to the first PSU. The processor is also operable to switch the main start switch from the first PSU to the second PSU if the measured voltage is within a predetermined threshold range. The processor is also operable to disconnect the soft-start switch and maintain the main start switch in the position supplying mains power to the first PSU if the measured voltage is higher or lower than a predetermined range.

[0012] Advantageously, the computing device can monitor the power of the main power supply unit to ensure that the voltage on the output side of the main power supply unit (e.g., on the secondary winding of the second PSU) begins to build up and reaches the expected voltage. If this does not occur, a system malfunction may exist, which could damage components of the power supply or devices connected to the output of the main power supply unit. Such damage is prevented by monitoring the power on the output side of the main power supply unit and disconnecting the main power supply unit if the measured voltage is higher or lower than a predetermined range. In this case, the computing device can record a fault report.

[0013] In one embodiment, the second PSU is a transformer comprising a plurality of primary windings operable to receive mains power in a low-voltage or high-voltage range and a plurality of secondary windings operable to provide output power. The power supply also includes a third switching device electrically connected to the second PSU and the computing device, operable to select one of a plurality of taps on the primary winding of the second PSU such that the voltage of the output power on the second winding is constant. The processor is also operable to determine whether the voltage in the low-voltage range is higher than a first threshold voltage or whether the voltage in the high-voltage range is higher than a second threshold voltage. Alternatively, the processor is also operable to determine whether the voltage in the low-voltage range is lower than a third threshold voltage or whether the voltage in the high-voltage range is lower than a fourth threshold voltage. The processor is also operable to operate the third switching device when the voltage in the low-voltage range is higher than the first threshold voltage, the voltage in the high-voltage range is higher than the second threshold voltage, the voltage in the low-voltage range is lower than the third threshold voltage, or the voltage in the high-voltage range is lower than the fourth threshold voltage.

[0014] Although the mains voltage is usually regulated, and thus it can usually be predicted to be at or close to a predetermined voltage, unpredictable voltage spikes can occur in the mains voltage. For example, the regulated voltage can be 230 volts. However, the mains voltage received at the power supply unit can be much higher or lower than this value (e.g. it can be 200 volts or 260 volts). When the main power supply unit is a transformer and the output voltage is intended to power a device at a particular voltage, a voltage much higher or lower than the expected 230 volt range results in an output voltage much higher or much lower than the voltage required to power the device. This can result in damage to the device. When the measured voltage (in the higher voltage range or the lower voltage range) is above or below a threshold voltage, the output voltage can be maintained constant by selecting a tap on the primary winding of the transformer. For example, when the voltage of the mains is 10% higher than the expected regulated voltage, the processor can operate the third switching means to select a tap on the primary winding of the transformer having 10% more windings. The output voltage is thus maintained using Faraday's law. Furthermore, the process occurs automatically and dynamically by measuring the voltage using the processor of the computing device and by operating the third switching means using the processor of the computing device according to the measured voltage. This reduces human error and ensures that the device powered by the transformer is not damaged by voltage fluctuations and can operate efficiently.

[0015] In one embodiment, the third switching means comprises a first switch operable to select the low voltage tap when the voltage in the low voltage range is at a predetermined low voltage or to select a first tap having more windings than the low voltage tap when the voltage in the low voltage range is above a first threshold voltage. Alternatively or additionally, the third switching means comprises a second switch operable to select the high voltage tap when the voltage in the high voltage range is at a predetermined high voltage or to select a second tap having more windings than the high voltage tap when the voltage in the high voltage range is above a second threshold voltage. Alternatively or additionally, the third switching means comprises a third switch operable to select the low voltage tap when the voltage in the low voltage range is at a predetermined low voltage or to select a third tap having fewer windings than the low voltage tap when the voltage in the low voltage range is below a third threshold voltage. Alternatively or additionally, the third switching means comprises a fourth switch operable to select the high voltage tap when the voltage in the high voltage range is at a predetermined high voltage or to select a fourth tap having fewer windings than the high voltage tap when the voltage in the high voltage range is below a fourth threshold voltage.

[0016] Advantageously, by providing multiple different types of switches operated by the processor of the computing device, damage to the device powered by the transformer can be prevented whether the transformer is operating under voltage fluctuations in the lower voltage range or in the higher voltage range. Further, the power supply can adapt the output voltage of the transformer to multiple different types of voltage fluctuations, such as a voltage higher than expected (e.g., 125 volts in the 115 volt region or 260 volts in the 230 volt region) or a voltage lower than expected (e.g., 90 volts in the 115 volt region or 200 volts in the 230 volt region). This is particularly useful in class A power amplifier products, as amplifier efficiency affects the heat dissipated into the product heat sink / enclosure. As the law dictates the maximum temperature that a touchable surface can reach, a high input mains voltage can mean overheating, resulting in insufficient safety margin. The power transistor of the amplifier also has a maximum safe operating temperature that cannot be exceeded. By having additional taps on the primary winding, it is possible to switch to reduce the output voltage into a safe operating range without compromising the specified power output of the amplifier under normal operating conditions.

[0017] In one embodiment, the first threshold voltage is 10% higher than the predefined low voltage and the number of windings of the first tap is 10% more than the low voltage tap. The second threshold voltage is 10% higher than the predefined high voltage and the number of windings of the second tap is 10% more than the high voltage tap. The third threshold voltage is 10% lower than the predefined low voltage and the number of windings of the third tap is 10% less than the low voltage tap. The fourth threshold voltage is 10% lower than the predefined high voltage and the number of windings of the fourth tap is 10% less than the high voltage tap.

[0018] In one embodiment, the predefined low voltage is 90 to 140 volts and the predefined high voltage is 190 to 270 volts. Advantageously, the power supply can operate in most countries of the world.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, an amplifier is provided. The amplifier comprises a power supply as defined above.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, a method of operating a power supply as defined above is provided. The method includes receiving mains power from a power supply input. The method includes diverting the mains power to a first PSU by a first switching device. The method includes measuring, by a processor, a voltage of the mains power input to the first PSU. The method includes determining, by the processor, that the mains power is in a low voltage range or in a high voltage range based on the voltage measurement, wherein the low voltage range does not overlap with the high voltage range. The method includes receiving a command to turn on the power supply from a low power mode. The method includes operating, by the processor, a second switching device to a low voltage setting if the mains power is in the low voltage range or to a high voltage setting if the mains power is in the high voltage range. The method includes receiving a command to turn on the power supply from a low power mode. The method includes operating, by the processor, the first switching device from the first PSU to a second PSU after operating the second switching device to divert the mains power from the first PSU to the second PSU.

[0021] By providing a method of operating a power supply having two separate power supply units, the auxiliary functions of the power supply (such as powering the units, detecting the region in which the power supply is being used, maintaining a low power standby mode, etc.) can be separated from the primary functions of the power supply units (such as acting as a power transformer / amplifier). This has a number of advantageous features. For example, the auxiliary functions which require less power than the primary power supply functions can be performed by a smaller (and less power hungry) auxiliary power supply unit (in the above case, the first PSU). Thus, when the primary power supply functions are disabled (for example, during a low power standby mode), the auxiliary functions can be in an active state. Thus, the power supply units of the present embodiment can detect and subsequently select a low voltage or high voltage range (i.e. detect the region in which the power supply is being used) in a low power standby mode without the need to power the primary power supply functions (i.e. the second PSU which can be a high power transformer). This reduces the amount of power consumed during standby mode and enables region detection during standby mode. Furthermore, as the auxiliary functions are first performed by the auxiliary power supply unit, and once these features have been performed, the first switching device switches all of the mains power from the auxiliary power supply unit to the primary power supply unit, the efficiency of the primary power supply unit is improved. In other words, some of the auxiliary functions (such as those required during a low power standby and during the transition from a low power standby mode to an "on" mode of the power supply) are no longer performed and all of the mains power is passed through the primary power supply unit, thereby improving the efficiency of the primary power supply unit. Providing a computer to detect and power a low voltage range or high voltage switch reduces human error in selecting the correct voltage range and prevents damage to the power supply.

[0022] In one embodiment, the first switching arrangement includes a main start switch operable to divert mains power to the first PSU or the second PSU, and a soft start switch coupled in parallel with the main start switch, the soft start switch operable to provide mains power to the second PSU when the soft start switch is engaged. Operating the first switching arrangement further includes engaging, by the processor, the soft start switch to turn on the second PSU while keeping the first PSU on. Operating the first switching arrangement further includes subsequently operating, by the processor, the main start switch from the first PSU to the second PSU. Operating the first switching arrangement further includes subsequently disengaging, by the processor, the soft start switch.

[0023] Advantageously, a smooth power transition can be provided between the auxiliary power unit and the main power unit. This allows the computing device of the auxiliary power unit to shut down without error, and also ensures that the main power unit can be properly turned on before the main switch operation of the auxiliary power unit and the main power unit.

[0024] In one embodiment, the method further includes measuring, by the processor, a voltage of an output power of the second PSU when the soft start switch is engaged and when the main switch is switched to the first PSU. The method further includes operating, by the processor, the main start switch from the first PSU to the second PSU if the measured voltage is within a predetermined threshold range. The method further includes disengaging, by the processor, the soft start switch and maintaining the main start switch in a position to provide mains power to the first PSU if the measured voltage is above or below the predetermined range.

[0025] Advantageously, the computing device can monitor the power of the main power unit to ensure that the voltage on the output side of the main power unit starts to build up and reaches the expected voltage. If this does not happen, there can be a fault in the system, which can damage components of the power supply or the device coupled to the output of the main power unit. By monitoring the power on the output side of the main power unit and disengaging the main power unit if the measured voltage is above or below a predetermined range, such damage is prevented. In such a case, the computing device can record a fault report.

[0026] In one embodiment, the second PSU is a transformer including a plurality of primary windings operable to receive mains power in a low voltage range or a high voltage range and a plurality of secondary windings operable to provide output power, and the power supply further includes a third switching device electrically coupled to the second PSU and the computing device, the third switching device operable to select one of a plurality of taps on the primary windings of the second PSU such that the voltage of the output power on the secondary windings is constant. The method further includes determining, by the processor, whether the voltage in the low voltage range is above a first threshold voltage or whether the voltage in the high voltage range is above a second threshold voltage. Alternatively, the method further includes determining, by the processor, whether the voltage in the low voltage range is below a third threshold voltage or whether the voltage in the high voltage range is below a fourth threshold voltage. The method further includes operating, by the processor, the third switching device when the voltage in the low voltage range is above the first threshold voltage, the voltage in the high voltage range is above the second threshold voltage, the voltage in the low voltage range is below the third threshold voltage, or the voltage in the high voltage range is below the fourth threshold voltage.

[0027] Although the mains voltage is generally regulated, it can still experience unpredictable voltage spikes. For example, the regulated voltage can be 230 volts. However, the mains voltage received at the power supply unit can be much higher or lower than this value (e.g., it can be 200 volts or 260 volts). When the main power supply unit is a transformer and the output voltage is intended to power a device at a particular voltage, a voltage much higher or lower than the expected 230 volt range results in an output voltage much higher or lower than the voltage required to power the device. This can result in damage to the device. By selecting a tap on the primary windings of the transformer when the measured voltage (in either the higher voltage range or the lower voltage range) is above or below a threshold voltage, the output voltage can be maintained constant. For example, when the voltage of the mains is 10% higher than the expected regulated voltage, the processor can operate the third switching device to select a tap on the primary windings of the transformer having 10% more windings. The output voltage is thereby maintained using Faraday's Law. Furthermore, this process occurs automatically and dynamically by measuring the voltage using the processor of the computing device and operating the third switching device using the processor of the computing device according to the measured voltage. This reduces human error and ensures that the device powered by the transformer is not damaged by voltage fluctuations and can operate efficiently.

[0028] In one embodiment, the method further includes selecting a low voltage tap of a first switch of the third switching device when the voltage in the low voltage range is at a predetermined low voltage, or selecting a first tap of the first switch having more windings than the low voltage tap when the voltage in the low voltage range is above a first threshold voltage. Alternatively or additionally, the method further includes selecting a high voltage tap of a second switch of the third switching device when the voltage in the high voltage range is at a predetermined high voltage, or selecting a second tap of the second switch having more windings than the high voltage tap when the voltage in the high voltage range is above a second threshold voltage. Alternatively or additionally, the method further includes selecting a low voltage tap of a third switch of the third switching device when the voltage in the low voltage range is at a predetermined low voltage, or selecting a third tap of the third switch having fewer windings than the low voltage tap when the voltage in the low voltage range is below a third threshold voltage. Alternatively or additionally, the method further includes selecting a high voltage tap of a fourth switch of the third switching device when the voltage in the high voltage range is at a predetermined high voltage, or selecting a fourth tap of the fourth switch having fewer windings than the high voltage tap when the voltage in the high voltage range is below a fourth threshold voltage.

[0029] Advantageously, by providing multiple different types of switches operated by the processor of the computing device, damage to the device powered by the transformer can be prevented whether the transformer is operating under voltage fluctuations in the lower voltage range or under voltage fluctuations in the higher voltage range. Moreover, the power supply can adapt the output voltage of the transformer to a variety of different types of voltage fluctuations, such as a voltage higher than expected (e.g., 125 volts in the 115 volt region or 260 volts in the 230 volt region) or a voltage lower than expected (e.g., 90 volts in the 115 volt region or 200 volts in the 230 volt region). This is particularly useful in Class A power amplifier products, as amplifier efficiency impacts the heat dissipated into the product heat sink / enclosure. High input mains voltage can mean overheating, resulting in a reduced safety margin. With additional taps on the primary winding, it is possible to switch to reduce the output voltage to within a safe operating range without compromising the specified power output of the amplifier under normal operating conditions.

[0030] In one embodiment, the method further includes receiving a command to switch the power supply to a low power mode, and engaging, by the processor, a soft start switch. The method further includes subsequently operating, by the processor, the main start switch from the second PSU to the first PSU to turn on the first PSU while the second PSU is on. The method further includes subsequently disengaging the soft start switch to turn off the second PSU while the first PSU is on.

[0031] Advantageously, seamless transition between operation of the primary power supply unit and the auxiliary power supply unit can be provided, and the power supply can be placed into a more efficient low power standby mode in which only the auxiliary power supply unit is powered and no power is provided to the primary power supply unit.

[0032] In one embodiment, the method further comprises continuously measuring, by the processor, the voltage of the mains power input to the first PSU. The method further comprises operating, by the processor, the second switching arrangement to a low voltage setting if the mains power is in a low voltage range, or to a high voltage setting if the mains power is in a high voltage range.

[0033] Advantageously, the power supply can be switched to a more efficient low power standby mode as only the first PSU (the lower power unit) needs to be powered, rather than the second PSU (which can be a toroidal transformer which consumes a relatively large amount of power when in standby mode). This enables the power supply to meet the more stringent requirements of the European Energy-Related Products (ErP) Directive. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0034] The features, aspects and advantages of the present disclosure can become more apparent from the following detailed description in combination with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals identify similar elements throughout the drawings.

[0035] Figure 1 a schematic diagram of a power supply according to the present application is depicted;

[0036] Figure 2 a detailed schematic diagram of a power supply according to the present application is shown; Figure 1

[0037] Figure 3 a detailed schematic diagram of a power supply according to an alternative embodiment of the present application is shown; Figure 1 and Figure 2 a detailed schematic diagram of a computing device of a power supply according to an alternative embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0038] Figure 4 a detailed schematic diagram of a switching arrangement of a power supply according to an alternative embodiment of the present application is shown; Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 a detailed schematic diagram of a power supply unit of a power supply according to an alternative embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0039] Figure 5 a detailed schematic diagram of a power supply unit of a power supply according to an alternative embodiment of the present application is shown; Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 a detailed schematic diagram of a power supply unit of a power supply according to an alternative embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0040] Figure 6 a flow diagram of a method of operating a power supply according to the present application is depicted; and ​

[0041] Figure 7 A flowchart depicting an additional method of operating a power supply according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] When the power supply of an amplifier is on, the power supply can provide a large amount of power to the amplifier. Typical class A / B amplifiers are rated at 100 watts, and sometimes even as high as 500 watts. During normal operation, a typical amplifier does not consume this much power all the time. For example, a typical amplifier runs at 25% efficiency during idle mode (i.e., when the amplifier is on, but the amplifier does not need a load because the driver coupled to the amplifier is not playing music). During idle mode, a typical amplifier rated at 100 watts can only consume 25 watts, and a typical amplifier rated at 500 watts can only consume 125 watts. Although the power consumption of a class A / B amplifier during idle state is relatively low, there is an increasing need (e.g., from the European Union’s Energy-Related Products (ErP) Directive) to provide more efficient amplifiers with lower power consumption during idle mode.

[0043] The present invention provides a power supply that includes a standby switch mode power supply that can operate during or instead of idle mode. The standby switch mode power supply is a low power mode that consumes much less power than 25% of the amplifier’s rated power. The power supply of the present invention can be used for amplifiers and streaming amplifiers (such as class A / B / G amplifiers) or any other suitable amplifier device in personal and commercial HiFi systems.

[0044] Figure 1A power supply 100 according to the present application is depicted. The power supply 100 includes a power supply input 102, a first power supply unit (PSU) 104 (i.e., a standby switched mode power supply), and a second PSU 106. The power supply input 102 is operable to receive mains electricity. For example, the power supply input 102 can be a cable that is pluggable into a wall outlet or a mains outlet. Alternatively, the power supply input 102 is operable to receive an electrical connection (e.g., a power cord) that is capable of supplying mains electricity to the power supply 100. Mains electricity refers to mains power, grid power, or supply voltage, and is the electricity (typically alternating current) delivered to homes and businesses (e.g., through a power grid). Most countries in the world typically regulate mains electricity (e.g., mains electricity regulation in the United Kingdom is within a certain percentage of 230 volts, and mains electricity regulation in the United States and Canada is within a certain percentage of 120 volts). The first PSU 104 and the second PSU 106 are coupled to the power supply input 102 such that both the first PSU 104 and the second PSU 106 are supplyable with electricity by the power supply input 102. The second PSU 106 is the main power supply unit of the power supply 100 and provides power to any device that is powered by the power supply 100 (e.g., an amplifier powered by the power supply 100, one or more channels of an amplifier, each of the one or more channels coupled to one or more speakers or drivers, etc.). In one embodiment, the power supply 100 is rated to receive a power input of an AC input of 50 Hz or 60 Hz from 90 volts to 270 volts. In one embodiment, the power supply 100 can be rated to receive a power input of an AC input of 50 Hz or 60 Hz from 90 volts to 300 volts, an AC input of 50 Hz or 60 Hz from 80 volts to 300 volts, or an AC input of 50 Hz or 60 Hz from 80 volts to 310 volts to accommodate high AC voltage peaks in countries that do not strictly enforce AC voltage regulation values. Advantageously, the power supply 100 can be safely used in multiple countries around the world.

[0045] The power supply 100 includes a computing device 108 having a processor operable to execute instructions and a memory operable to store data (e.g., instructions). The computing device 108 can be a microcontroller unit (MCU) or any other suitable computing device. The first PSU 104 is electrically coupled (e.g., by a wire or cable) to the computing device 108 such that, when mains electricity is supplied to the first PSU 104, the first PSU 104 provides power to the computing device 108. In one embodiment, the first PSU 104 and the computing device 108 can be part of a single component 110. Alternatively, the first PSU 104 and the computing device 108 can be separate from one another.

[0046] The power supply 100 includes a plurality of switching devices 112 that are operable to control operation of the power supply 100. The switching devices 112 are electrically coupled (e.g., by wires or cables 114) to the computing device 108 such that the computing device provides power to each of the switching devices 112. Some or all of the plurality of switching devices 112 can be transistors, relays, or any other suitable type of electrical switch that is operable by the computing device, as described in more detail with respect to Figure 4

[0047] The plurality of switching devices 112 includes a first switching device 112a and a second switching device 112b. The plurality of switching devices 112 is not limited to the first switching device 112a and the second switching device 112b and can include additional switches, for example, as described below with respect to Figures 2 to 4 The first switching device 112a is electrically coupled at an input to the power supply input 102. The first switching device 112a is electrically coupled at an output to the first PSU 104 and the second PSU 106. The first switching device 112a is operable to receive mains power from the power supply input 102 and divert the mains power to either the first PSU 104 or the second PSU 106 according to a signal received from the computing device 108. The first switching device 112a has a default position toward the first PSU 104. Thus, when the power supply 100 is turned on, the mains power is first provided to the first PSU 104 such that the first PSU 104 is operable to receive the mains power when the power supply is turned on and the first PSU 104 is operable to provide power to the computing device 108.

[0048] ​The second switch device 112b is electrically coupled to the power input 102, the computing device 108, and the second PSU 106. The second switch device 112b is operable to receive a signal from the computing device 108 and select either a high voltage setting or a low voltage setting of the second PSU 106 after receiving the signal. The low voltage setting can be selected when the computing device 108 determines that the mains electricity received at the power input 102 has a voltage within a first voltage range (or low voltage range). For example, the first voltage range (or low voltage range) can be approximately 100 volts to 120 volts. The first voltage range (or low voltage range) can correspond to a regulated voltage range for different geographic regions, such as the United States or Canada. The high voltage setting can be selected when the computing device 108 determines that the mains electricity received at the power input 102 has a voltage within a second voltage range (or high voltage range). The second voltage range (or high voltage range) can be twice the first voltage range (or low voltage range). For example, the second voltage range (or high voltage range) can correspond to a regulated voltage range for certain geographic regions, such as the European Union, the United Kingdom, various countries in Asia, various countries in Africa, various countries in South America, and so on. The second voltage range (or high voltage range) can be around 200 volts to 240 volts. Thus, the second switch device 112b provides the power supply 100 that can be used in multiple different regions of the world, regardless of voltage differences in the different regions. Moreover, because the second switch device 112b is powered and operated by the computing device 108, the low voltage setting or the high voltage setting is automatically applied by the power supply 100 without requiring user input. This prevents the low voltage setting from being incorrectly selected when the mains electricity at the power input 102 is in the first voltage range (or high voltage range) or the high voltage setting from being incorrectly selected when the mains electricity at the power input 102 is in the second voltage range (or low voltage range). Incorrectly selecting the low voltage setting or the high voltage setting can result in catastrophic failure of the power supply, catastrophic failure of any devices powered by the power supply (e.g., an amplifier powered by the power supply, any speakers or drivers connected to the amplifier, and so on), and / or personal injury.

[0049] The computing device 108 is powered by the first PSU 104, and the computing device 108 is electrically coupled to each of the plurality of switch devices 112 (i.e., the computing device 108 is electrically coupled to the first switch device 112a and the second switch device 112b). When the power input 102 receives mains electricity (e.g., because the power supply 100 is plugged into a mains outlet / wall outlet), the power supply 100 can be in a first operating mode, which can be a default operating mode. The first operating mode is a low power mode, also referred to as a standby mode. The power supply 100 can receive a request (e.g., a user clicking a physical or virtual button, receiving a signal from a different device or program) to switch the power supply 100 from the standby mode to an “on” mode and provide power to devices powered by the power supply.

[0050] In the standby mode, the first switching device 112a is in the default position to select the first PSU 104, thereby providing mains power to the first PSU 104 and the computing device 108. During the standby mode, the processor of the computing device 108 measures the voltage of the mains input provided to the first PSU 104. After the measurement, the processor of the computing device 108 compares the voltage measurement with a predetermined set of voltage ranges stored in the memory of the computing device 108. The predetermined set of voltage ranges can correspond to the first voltage range (or low voltage range) and the second voltage range (or high voltage range) as described above. Based on the voltage measurement and the predetermined set of voltage ranges stored in the memory of the computing device 108, the processor of the computing device determines whether the measured voltage is within the first voltage range (also referred to as the low voltage range) or the second voltage range (also referred to as the high voltage range). The low voltage range can be approximately half of the high voltage range, and the low voltage range does not overlap with the high voltage range. If the mains is in the low voltage range, the processor of the computing device 108 operates the second switching device 112b to the low voltage setting of the second PSU 106. Alternatively, if the mains is in the high voltage range, the processor of the computing device 108 operates the second switching device 112b to the high voltage setting of the second PSU 106. Thus, the correct voltage setting of the second PSU 106 corresponding to the voltage of the mains is selected before the second PSU 106 (i.e. the main power supply) is turned on. By selecting the correct voltage setting before the second PSU 106 is turned on, the electronic device is prevented from being damaged or the user from being injured.

[0051] If, after operating the second switching device 112b, a request is received to switch the power supply 100 from the standby mode to the "on" mode, the processor of the computing device 108 operates the first switching device 112a from the first PSU 104 to the second PSU 106 to transfer the mains electricity from the first PSU 104 to the second PSU 106. This turns off the first PSU 104 and one or more auxiliary functions (e.g., voltage measurement and / or any other functions required during the standby mode of the power supply), and turns on the second PSU 106, thereby turning on the devices powered by the second PSU 106, thereby completing the transition from the standby mode to the "on" mode. In one embodiment, turning off the first PSU 104 also turns off the computing device 108. In an alternative embodiment, the second PSU 106 can include a separate winding on the output side (e.g., a separate winding of the multiple secondary windings of the second PSU 106, as described below). The separate winding on the output side of the second PSU 106 can be electrically connected (e.g., via a wire, cable, or any other suitable connection for providing electrical power) to the computing device 108. Thus, the computing device 108 can remain on during the standby mode of the power supply 100, during the "on" mode of the power supply 100, and during the transition mode from the standby mode to the "on" mode of the power supply 100. In one embodiment, the request to switch the power supply 100 from the standby mode to the "on" mode can be received prior to operating the second switching device. In this embodiment, the processor of the computing device 108 performs the steps in the same order as described above, except that the processor proceeds from the switching of the second switching device 112b to the switching of the first switching device 112a without waiting for a further request to switch the power supply 100 from the standby mode to the "on" mode.

[0052] In one embodiment, the first PSU 104 is a switched mode power supply (SMPS) that includes a transformer and an alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) power converter. The first PSU 104 can meet low power standby requirements, such as those specified by the ErP Directive described above. For example, the first PSU 104 can receive an AC input voltage in the first voltage range or the second voltage range as described above, and can deliver a 5 volt output voltage of up to 5 watts to the computing device 108 when the computing device 108 is switched from the standby mode to the "on" mode, and as low as 0.5 watts when the computing device 108 places the power supply 100 in the standby mode.

[0053] In one embodiment, the second PSU 106 may be a high-power power supply unit operable to provide power to primary components, such as devices coupled to power supply 100. The devices may be amplifiers (such as Class A / B / G amplifiers) coupled to one or more channels, each channel operable to drive one or more drivers or speakers. The second PSU 106 may be a step-up transformer, or it may be a step-down transformer, comprising a primary winding (primary rail) operable to receive mains power and a secondary winding (secondary rail) operable to deliver step-up or step-down voltage to the devices or amplifier. The second PSU 106 may be a toroidal transformer or any other suitable transformer operable to increase or decrease the voltage of mains power. In one embodiment, a low-voltage setting of the second PSU 106 may include tapping a low-voltage winding on the primary winding of the second PSU 106, while a high-voltage setting of the second PSU 106 may include tapping a high-voltage winding on the primary winding. The low-voltage configuration of the second PSU 106 may include tapping a first number of windings of the second PSU 106, while the high-voltage configuration of the second PSU 106 may include tapping twice the first number of windings of the second PSU 106.

[0054] In one embodiment, power supply 100 is an amplifier or part of an amplifier (e.g., a Class A / B / G amplifier), and the amplifier is operable to provide power to one or more devices, wherein the one or more devices may be one or more channels, each channel being operable to drive one or more drivers or speakers.

[0055] By providing two separate power supply units (e.g., first PSU 104 and second PSU 106) for power supply 100, the auxiliary functions of the power supply (e.g., powering up the power supply 100 and any device coupled to the power supply (e.g., an amplifier) from standby mode to “on” mode as described above, detecting which region the power supply 100 is being used in as described above, and maintaining a low power standby mode as described above, etc.) can be separated from the main functions of the power supply units (such as the power supply unit or transformer that is the power supply for an amplifier). This has a number of advantageous features. For example, the auxiliary functions can all be powered by a computing device 108, which as described above, can be a microcontroller unit. The power required for such a computing device 108 is much less than the idle mode of the A / B class amplifier described above. Therefore, the first PSU 104 can be a low power PSU that requires much less power than the second PSU 106. Since the second PSU 106 is only on when the power supply 100 is in “on” mode, and is completely off when the power supply 100 is in standby mode, this results in a significant increase in energy savings and efficiency of the power supply 100. Therefore, the auxiliary functions can be in an active state when the main power supply functions (powered by the second PSU 106) are disabled (e.g., during low power standby mode). The computing device 108 can perform the operations described above, for example, at a power rating of between 0.5 and 5 watts. This is significantly less than the 100 watt power rating of the amplifier described above that consumes 25 watts of power in idle mode.

[0056] Furthermore, the power supply unit 100 of the present embodiments can detect and subsequently select a low or high voltage range (i.e., detect the region the power supply is being used in) in low power standby mode without powering the main power supply functions (i.e., the second PSU 106). This further reduces the amount of power consumed during standby mode and enables region detection during standby mode. By selecting a region mode where no current is passing through the second PSU 106 (which can be a large transformer), electrical equipment can be prevented from being damaged and personal injury from a false switch can be prevented.

[0057] By providing a dedicated power supply unit (i.e., the second PSU 106) for the main power supply functions of the power supply 100 (i.e., powering the devices coupled to the power supply such as an amplifier), the resistive, capacitive, and inductive components in the main power supply path (from the mains to the device or amplifier) can be eliminated. This ensures a clean, direct power delivery that can ensure optimal sound performance when the power supply 100 is providing for an A / B / G class amplifier. Advantageously, any noise from the first PSU 104 that can interfere with the audio performance provided by the power supply 100 is eliminated.

[0058] Figure 2 corresponding to the reference Figure 1Power supply 200 is described in relation to power supply 100 and illustrates additional features corresponding to embodiments of the present application. Power supply 200 includes a first PSU 210 corresponding substantially to first PSU 104 of Figure 1 , a second PSU 220 corresponding substantially to second PSU 106 of Figure 1 , and a computing device 212 corresponding substantially to computing device 108 of Figure 1 . First PSU 210 can be a low power PSU as described above. Second PSU 220 can be a transformer as described above and also described below in relation to Figure 5 . Power supply 200 includes a plurality of switching devices as described above in relation to Figure 1 . The plurality of switching devices can include a first switching device 204, 206 corresponding to first switching device 112a of Figure 1 , a second switching device 202 corresponding to second switching device 112b of Figure 1 , and a third switching device 208. The first switching device can include a main start switch 204 and a soft start switch 206 as described in more detail below.

[0059] Figure 2 A solid arrow line 216a is depicted indicating a mains input (e.g., a hot line) into power supply 200, the mains passing through first switching device 204, 206 and second switching device 202, the mains powering first PSU 210, and the mains powering second PSU 220. Figure 2 A solid arrow line 216b is depicted indicating a return mains (e.g., a neutral line) from second PSU 220, the return mains passing through third switching device 208, and the return mains passing through second switching device 202. Solid arrow lines 216a and 216b correspond to electrical connections (e.g., wires, cables, or any other suitable electrical connectors) between components of power supply 200. Figure 2 A dashed line 217 is depicted indicating an electrical connection 217 from first PSU 210 to computing device 212. Computing device 212 is powered by first PSU 210 as described above in relation to Figure 1 . Figure 2 A dashed line 218 is depicted to depict one or more electrical connections 218 from computing device 212 to first switching device 204, 206 (e.g., to each of main start switch 204 and soft start switch 206), second switching device 202, and third switching device 208. Electrical connections 218 and computing device 212 are described in more detail below. Figure 3 In one embodiment, power supply 100 is rated to receive a power input of AC input from 90 volts to 270 volts at 50 Hz or 60 Hz.

[0060] In one embodiment, the first and third switching devices can be located in a single housing 214. In one embodiment, the second switching device can also be in the single housing 214. Advantageously, space savings in the power device can be achieved and facilitate easy replacement of the switching devices.

[0061] The first switching device 204, 206 includes a main start switch 204 that receives mains power on an input side and is switchable on an output side between providing the mains power to the first PSU 210 or the second PSU 220. Thus, the main start switch 204 is operable to divert the mains power to the first PSU 210 or the second PSU 220. During the standby mode, the main start switch 204 is in a default position to provide the mains power to the first PSU 210. The first switching device 204, 206 includes a soft start switch 206 coupled in parallel with the main start switch 204. The soft start switch 206 is an on / off switch that receives the mains power on an input side and on an output side, the soft start switch 206 has an output to the second PSU 220. Thus, when the soft start switch 206 is engaged (or in an “on” position), the soft start switch 206 is operable to provide the mains power to the second PSU 220. In the standby mode, the soft start switch 206 is by default in an off position (or in an “off’ position) in which no mains power is provided to the second PSU 220. In one embodiment, the soft start switch 206 can include a surge limiter, an arc suppressor, and / or any other suitable features to protect the soft start switch 206 and extend its life. In one embodiment, the first PSU 210 and / or the computing device 212 can provide power to additional components of the power supply 200. This can include other auxiliary features such as a wireless network connection for sending and receiving data.

[0062] The power supply 200 can operate in the standby mode, the “on” mode as described above, or transition between the standby mode and the “on” mode. In the standby mode or in the first state of the transition mode, the mains power 216a passes through the second switching device 202 without operating any of the switches in the second switching device, passes through the main start switch 204, and powers the first PSU 210. The first PSU 210 will provide power to the computing device 212 via the electrical connection 217 (e.g., a DC voltage of up to 5 volts and 1 amp, i.e., 5 watts). Once the computing device 212 is started, the processor of the computing device 212 measures the mains power and determines whether the mains power is in the first (i.e., low) voltage range or the second (i.e., high) voltage range as described above with reference to FIG. 1. Subsequently, the processor of the computing device 212 sends a signal to the second switching device 202 via the electrical connection 218 and operates the second switching device 202 to the low voltage setting or the high voltage setting of the second PSU 220 as described above. Figure 1 The power supply 200 can operate in the standby mode, the “on” mode as described above, or transition between the standby mode and the “on” mode. In the standby mode or in the first state of the transition mode, the mains power 216a passes through the second switching device 202 without operating any of the switches in the second switching device, passes through the main start switch 204, and powers the first PSU 210. The first PSU 210 will provide power to the computing device 212 via the electrical connection 217 (e.g., a DC voltage of up to 5 volts and 1 amp, i.e., 5 watts). Once the computing device 212 is started, the processor of the computing device 212 measures the mains power and determines whether the mains power is in the first (i.e., low) voltage range or the second (i.e., high) voltage range as described above with reference to FIG. 1. Subsequently, the processor of the computing device 212 sends a signal to the second switching device 202 via the electrical connection 218 and operates the second switching device 202 to the low voltage setting or the high voltage setting of the second PSU 220 as described above.

[0063] During the transition mode and after the low or high voltage setting of the second PSU 220 is selected, the processor of the computing device 212 can send a signal to the soft start switch 206 via the electrical connection 218 to engage the soft start switch 206 (switching it to "on") to provide mains power to the second PSU 220 via the soft start switch 206, while also providing mains power to the first PSU 210 via the main start switch 204. After operating the soft start switch 206, the processor of the computing device 212 can send a signal to the main start switch 204 via the electrical connection 218 to operate the main start switch 204 from the first PSU 210 to the second PSU 220. Finally, the processor of the computing device 212 can send a signal to the soft start switch 206 via the electrical connection 218 to disengage it, so that mains power is provided to the second PSU 220 only via the main start switch 204. Thus, a smooth and uninterrupted switching operation between the first PSU 210 and the second PSU 220 can occur. Advantageously, a smooth power transition between the auxiliary power unit 210 and the main power unit 220 can be provided. This allows the computing device 212 of the auxiliary power unit 210 to shut down error-free and also ensures that the main power unit 220 is able to properly start up before the main switch 204 operation between the auxiliary power unit 210 and the main power unit 220.

[0064] In one embodiment, when the main start switch 204 is switched to the first PSU 210, and when the soft start switch 206 is engaged and providing mains power to the second PSU 220, the processor can be further operable to measure the voltage of the output power of the second PSU 220. This can be achieved, for example, by a voltage measuring device operable to measure the voltage on the second rail of the second PSU 220 and by transmitting the voltage measurement from the second PSU 220 to the computing device 212 via an electrical connection (not shown). When the second PSU 220 starts and is powered on, the processor of the computing device 212 can monitor the voltage of the second rail. The processor of the computing device 212 is operable to operate the main start switch 204 from the first PSU 210 to the second PSU if the measured voltage is within a predetermined threshold range. The predetermined threshold range can comprise a lower voltage value and an upper voltage value at which the device (and / or amplifier) is rated to operate. For example, if the device (or amplifier) is rated to operate at 25 volts, the predetermined threshold range can be 24.5 volts to 25.5 volts, 24 volts to 25 volts, 20 volts to 30 volts, etc. If the measured voltage is outside the predetermined threshold range (e.g. if the measured voltage is above the threshold range at any time period, or if the measured voltage remains below the threshold range for a predetermined time), the computing device 212 can determine that there is a fault within the power supply 200. To prevent any damage, the processor of the computing device 212 subsequently sends a signal to the soft start switch 206 via the electrical connection 218 to open the soft start switch (i.e. to switch it to “off”), thereby switching off the second PSU 220. The processor of the computing device 212 maintains the main start switch 204 switched to the first PSU 210, thereby in the default position of providing mains power to the first PSU 210.

[0065] Advantageously, the computing device 212 can monitor the power of the main power unit 220 to ensure that the voltage on the output side of the main power unit 220 starts to build up and reaches the expected voltage. If this does not occur, there can be a fault in the system which can damage components of the power supply 200 or the device coupled to the output of the main power unit 220. By monitoring the power on the output side of the main power unit 220 and opening the main power unit 220 if the measured voltage is above or below a predetermined range, such damage is prevented. In this case, the computing device 212 can record a fault report.

[0066] In one embodiment, in addition to the computing device 212, the first PSU 210 can also provide power to further components. The further components can comprise components operable to maintain a standby mode. For example, this can comprise sensor components and / or switches operable to wait for a signal to switch the power supply 200 from the standby mode to an “on” mode.

[0067] In one embodiment, the second PSU 220 can include a separate winding on the output side (e.g., a separate winding in the secondary winding of the second PSU 106, 220 as described above and below). The separate winding on the output side of the second PSU 220 can be electrically connected (e.g., via a wire, cable, or any other suitable connection for providing power) to the computing device 212. Thus, the computing device 212 can remain on during a standby mode of the power supply 200, during an "on" mode of the power supply 200, and during a transition mode from the standby mode to the "on" mode of the power supply 200. Advantageously, the computing device 212 can be a multi-purpose computing device for managing the transition between the "on" mode of the power supply 200 and the standby mode of the power supply 200. Further, additional components powered by the first PSU 210 are not powered by the separate winding on the output side of the second PSU 220. Thus, the efficiency and energy saving effects of the power supply 200 are improved as compared to a common power supply / transformer in which all auxiliary components (including, for example, any components required to maintain the standby mode of the device and to assist in transitioning from the standby mode to the "on" mode) are powered even when the common power supply / transformer is no longer in the standby mode.

[0068] In one embodiment, the power supply 200 can receive a command (e.g., a signal received from a network or a separate device, or a user pressing a physical button on the power supply 200) to switch (or transition) the power supply 200 from the "on" mode to a low power or standby mode. The processor of the computing device 212 can send a signal to the soft start switch 206 to re-engage (turn on) the soft start switch 206, thereby providing AC power to the second PSU 220 via the main start switch 204 and the soft start switch 206. The processor of the computing device 212 can then send a signal to the main start switch 204 to switch the main start switch 204 from operating the second PSU 220 to the first PSU 210 to turn on the first PSU 210 while the second PSU 220 is on. The processor of the computing device 212 can then disengage the soft start switch 206 to turn off the second PSU 220 while the first PSU 210 is powered on via the main start switch 204 and on, thereby placing the power supply 200 in a low power standby mode.

[0069] Advantageously, a seamless transition between the operation of the main power supply unit 220 and the auxiliary power supply unit 210 can be provided, and the power supply 200 can be placed in a more efficient low power standby mode in which only the auxiliary power supply unit 210 is powered and no power is provided to the main power supply unit 220.

[0070] In one embodiment, during the low power standby mode, the processor of the computing device 212 can also continuously monitor the voltage of the mains input to the first PSU 210, and if the mains is in the low voltage range as described above, operate the second switching device 202 to the low voltage setting, or if the mains is in the high voltage range as described above, operate the second switching device to the high voltage setting. Advantageously, the power supply 200 can switch to the more efficient low power standby mode, as only the first PSU 210 (the lower power unit) needs to be powered, rather than the second PSU (which can be a toroidal transformer that consumes a relatively large amount of power when in standby mode). This enables the power supply 200 to meet the more stringent requirements of the European Energy-Related Products (ErP) Directive.

[0071] In one embodiment, the second PSU 220 can be a step-up transformer, or it can be a step-down transformer. The second PSU 220 can comprise a plurality of primary windings (primary rails) operable to receive mains (e.g. in the low voltage range or the high voltage range as described above), and a plurality of secondary windings (secondary rails) operable to provide output power to the device (or amplifier) as described above. The low voltage setting of the second PSU 220 can comprise tapping a first number of windings on the primary side of the second PSU 220 (at a low voltage tap), and the high voltage setting of the second PSU 220 can comprise tapping twice the number of windings on the primary side of the second PSU 220 (at a high voltage tap) compared to the low voltage setting.

[0072] The power supply 200 can determine, in addition to whether the voltage of the mains power is in the low voltage range or the high voltage range, whether the mains power is high or low compared to the regulated voltage from the voltage measurement. This is particularly useful in class A power amplifier products, as the amplifier efficiency affects the heat dissipated into the product heat sink / enclosure. A high input mains voltage (for example, 250 volts input in the regulated 230 volt range) can mean that the product overheats, which can cause harm to the user, damage components of the power supply 200, and cause the safety margin to fail. Similarly, a low input mains voltage (for example, 200 volts input in the regulated 230 volt range) can damage the power supply 200 and cause the power supply 200 to be inefficient due to the reduced power provided to the amplifier. This is because the voltage on the primary winding and the voltage on the secondary winding are proportional to each other. Therefore, if the voltage on the primary winding is increased or decreased by 10%, this causes the voltage on the secondary winding to increase or decrease by 10% respectively. Any device powered by the second PSU 220 and rated for a particular voltage and coupled to the secondary winding of the second PSU 220 can not work properly if the voltage is more than or less than 10% of the expected output voltage of the second PSU 220. The solution to this problem is to provide a plurality of additional taps for the primary winding of the second PSU 220 in addition to the low voltage set tap and the high voltage set tap as described above. The plurality of additional taps are selectable by a third switching device 208 operated by a signal received from the processor of the computing device 212 via the electrical connection 218. The third switching device 208 can operate during the standby mode of the power supply 200 or during the first state of the transition mode of the power supply 200 and after the second switching device 202 has selected the low voltage setting or the high voltage setting of the second PSU 220.

[0073] The third switching device 208 is connected at an input side to a plurality of electrical connections 216b, which correspond to a plurality of return mains connections (neutral) 216b from the primary winding of the second PSU 220. One of the plurality of return mains connections 216b can correspond to a low voltage tap of the second PSU 220, which corresponds to a low voltage setting. Another of the plurality of return mains connections 216b can correspond to a high voltage tap of the second PSU 220, which corresponds to a high voltage setting. The second PSU 220 can include at least one additional tap having a corresponding return mains connection 216b that feeds into the input side of the third switching device 208. The at least one additional tap can tap a predetermined amount of additional windings on the primary side of the second PSU 220 to the high voltage tap. The at least one additional tap can tap a predetermined amount of additional windings on the primary side of the second PSU 220 to the low voltage tap. The at least one additional tap can tap a predetermined amount of fewer windings on the primary side of the second PSU 220 to the high voltage tap. The at least one additional tap can tap a predetermined amount of fewer windings on the primary side of the second PSU 220 to the low voltage tap. The output side of the switching device feeds the return mains (hot) back to the power input 102 to complete the circuit. Although Figure 2 While only two taps are shown in the middle, any number of taps can be placed on the primary winding of the second PSU 220.

[0074] The third switching device 208 is operable to select one of the one or more additional taps of the plurality of taps on the primary winding of the second PSU such that the voltage of the output power on the second winding is constant. After determining that the measured voltage is in the low voltage range or the high voltage range, the processor of the computing device 212 is operable to determine whether the measured voltage in the low voltage range is above a first threshold voltage or whether the voltage in the high voltage range is above a second threshold voltage. Alternatively, the processor of the computing device 212 can be operable to determine whether the measured voltage in the low voltage range is below a third threshold voltage or whether the voltage in the high voltage range is below a fourth threshold voltage. The processor of the computing device 212 can be operable to operate the third switching device when the voltage in the low voltage range is above the first threshold voltage, the voltage in the high voltage range is above the second threshold voltage, the voltage in the low voltage range is below the third threshold voltage, or the voltage in the high voltage range is below the fourth threshold voltage.

[0075] Advantageously, the power supply 200 can determine when the mains is relatively higher or lower and can switch to a different tap on the primary winding of the second PSU 220 to compensate for an increase or decrease in the voltage of the mains and return the voltage on the secondary winding (secondary rail) of the second PSU 220 to the safe operating region of the power supply 200.

[0076] This is advantageous when the mains voltage appears with unpredictable spikes. The regulated voltage can for example be 230 volts. However, the mains voltage received at the power supply unit can be much higher or lower than this value (for example, it can be 200 volts or 260 volts). When the main power supply unit is a transformer and the output voltage is intended to power the device at a certain voltage, a voltage much higher or lower than the expected 230-volt range results in an output voltage much higher or much lower than the voltage required to power the device. This can result in damage to the device. When the measured voltage (in the higher voltage range or in the lower voltage range) is higher or lower than a threshold voltage, the output voltage can be maintained constant by selecting a tap on the primary winding of the transformer. For example, when the voltage of the mains is 10% higher than the expected regulated voltage, the processor can operate the third switching means to select a tap on the primary winding of the transformer having 10% more windings. The output voltage is thus maintained by Faraday's law. Moreover, this process occurs automatically and dynamically by measuring the voltage using the processor of the computing device and by operating the third switching means according to the measured voltage using the processor of the computing device. This reduces human error and ensures that the device powered by the transformer is not damaged by voltage fluctuations and can operate efficiently.

[0077] In one embodiment, the third switching means 208 comprises a first switch operable to select a low voltage tap when the voltage in the low voltage range is at a predetermined low voltage or to select a first tap having more windings than the low voltage tap when the voltage in the low voltage range is higher than a first threshold voltage. Alternatively or additionally, the third switching means comprises a second switch operable to select a high voltage tap when the voltage in the high voltage range is at a predetermined high voltage or to select a second tap having more windings than the high voltage tap when the voltage in the high voltage range is higher than a second threshold voltage. Alternatively or additionally, the third switching means comprises a third switch operable to select a low voltage tap when the voltage in the low voltage range is at a predetermined low voltage or to select a third tap having less windings than the low voltage tap when the voltage in the low voltage range is lower than a third threshold voltage. Alternatively or additionally, the third switching means comprises a fourth switch operable to select a high voltage tap when the voltage in the high voltage range is at a predetermined high voltage or to select a fourth tap having less windings than the high voltage tap when the voltage in the high voltage range is lower than a fourth threshold voltage.

[0078] Advantageously, by providing multiple different types of switches operated by the processor of the computing device 212, damage to devices powered by the power supply 200 can be prevented whether the power supply 200 is operating under voltage fluctuations in the lower voltage range or in the higher voltage range. Furthermore, the power supply 200 can accommodate the output voltage of the second PSU 220 to multiple different types of voltage fluctuations, such as a voltage higher than expected (e.g., 125 volts in the 115 volt region or 260 volts in the 230 volt region) or a voltage lower than expected (e.g., 90 volts in the 115 volt region or 200 volts in the 230 volt region). This is particularly useful in Class A power amplifier products, as amplifier efficiency affects the heat dissipated into the product heat sink / enclosure. Since there are legal limits to the maximum temperature that a touchable surface can reach, a high input mains voltage can mean overheating, resulting in insufficient safety margin. There is also a maximum safe operating temperature that the power transistor of the amplifier cannot exceed. By having additional taps on the primary winding, it is possible to switch to reduce the output voltage to within a safe operating range without compromising the specified power output of the amplifier under normal operating conditions.

[0079] In one embodiment, the first threshold voltage can be 1%, 5%, 10%, or 15% or any other percentage value higher than the predetermined low voltage, and the first tap has 1%, 5%, 10%, or 15% more windings than the low voltage tap, respectively. The second threshold voltage can be 1%, 5%, 10%, or 15% higher than the predetermined high voltage, and the second tap has 1%, 5%, 10%, or 15% more windings than the high voltage tap, respectively. The third threshold voltage can be 1%, 5%, 10%, or 15% lower than the predetermined low voltage, and the third tap has 1%, 5%, 10%, or 15% fewer windings than the low voltage tap, respectively. The fourth threshold voltage can be 1%, 5%, 10%, or 15% lower than the predetermined high voltage, and the fourth tap has 1%, 5%, 10%, or 15% fewer windings than the high voltage tap, respectively.

[0080] In one embodiment, the predefined low voltage is 90 volts to 140 volts and the predefined high voltage is 190 volts to 270 volts. In one embodiment, the predefined low voltage can be 80 volts to 150 volts, 80 volts to 160 volts, or 80 volts to 170 volts. In embodiments, the predefined high voltage can be 190 volts to 300 volts, 190 volts to 310 volts, 170 volts to 300 volts, 170 volts to 310 volts, 160 volts to 300 volts, 160 volts to 310 volts, 150 volts to 300 volts, or 150 volts to 310 volts. Advantageously, the power supply can operate in most countries of the world. The predefined low voltage can be a defined voltage such as 115 volts or 120 volts depending on the regulated voltage of a certain region. The predefined high voltage can be a defined voltage such as 220 volts, 230 volts, or 240 volts depending on the regulated voltage of a certain region.

[0081] Figure 3 A detailed schematic diagram 300 of the computing device 212 of the power supply 200 described above is shown. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The computing device 212 of the power supply 200 described above can include a processor 302 electrically coupled to each of the main start switch 204, the soft start switch 206, each of the switches in the second switching device 202, and each of the switches in the third switching device 208 via the electrical connection 218. The processor can be operable to receive and send information to each of the components of the power supply 200 as described above and the components of the computing device 212. The computing device 212 can include a mains measurement comparator 304 electrically coupled to the first PSU 210 and operable to receive the voltage of the mains. The mains measurement comparator 304 can be a standard voltmeter including circuitry such as an analog-to-digital (ADC) converter to accurately measure the input AC voltage from the mains. The power supply 200 can have a second standby mode in which the mains measurement comparator 304 is turned off to further improve efficiency and reduce power consumption until a request is received to switch the power supply 200 to an "on" mode. The computing device 212 can include a switch control 308 operable to send one or more signals to the processor 302 to operate one or more of the switching devices and / or switches 202, 204, 206, 208 of the power supply 200. The computing device 212 can include an optical isolator 306 operable to transmit electrical signals between the first PSU 210, the computing device 212, and any devices coupled to the power supply 200. The optical isolator 306 prevents the high voltage from affecting the system receiving signals, thereby reducing noise and interference between the components in the power supply 200. Advantageously, by isolating the higher mains voltage from the lower voltage computing device 212, safety regulations are met and the user is protected from dangerous high voltages.

[0082] Figure 4A detailed schematic 400 of the switching devices of the power supply 200 is shown. The power supply 200 can include a first main switch 204a and a second main switch 204b. The first main switch 204a is operable to divert mains power to the first PSU 210 or the second PSU 220 when the second switching device 202 is in the high voltage setting. The first main switch 204a is electrically coupled to the high voltage tap of the second PSU 220. The second main switch 204b is operable to divert mains power to the first PSU 210 or the second PSU 220 when the second switching device 202 is in the low voltage setting. The second main switch 204b is electrically coupled to the low voltage tap of the second PSU 220. The soft start switch 206 can include two switches. When the second switching device 202 is in the high voltage setting, the first switch of the soft start switch 205 is an “on” “off switch. In the first switch, the soft start switch 206 has an input from the mains and an output to the high voltage tap, which is in parallel with the mains input of the first main switch 204a. When the second switching device 202 is in the low voltage setting of the second PSU 220, the first switch of the soft start switch 205 is an “on” “off switch. In the second switch, the soft start switch 206 has an input from the mains and an output to the low voltage tap of the second PSU 220, which is in parallel with the mains input of the second main switch 204b. The third switching device 208 can include a switch (such as switch 208b) for tapping the primary winding of the second PSU 220 when operating in the high voltage mode and a switch (such as switch 208a) for tapping the primary winding of the second PSU 220 when operating in the low voltage mode.

[0083] In one embodiment, the first switching devices including the (first and / or second) main switches 204, 204a, 204b and the second soft start switch 206 can each be a relay, a transistor, or any other type of electrically controlled switch. In one embodiment, each of the third switching devices 208 can be a relay, a transistor, or any other type of electrically controlled switch. In one embodiment, the above-mentioned switching devices and switches can be bi-stable latching relays that consume zero power when in either engaged or disengaged state. The computing device 212 can control any of the relays through a bi-stable relay drive circuit, such as described with reference to Figure 3 the relay control 308 described above.

[0084] Figure 5A detailed schematic 500 of the second PSU 220 is shown. The second PSU 220 can be a transformer, such as a step-up transformer or a step-down transformer as described above. In one embodiment, the second PSU 220 can be a toroidal transformer. The transformer 220 can include a plurality of first windings 502, which are divided into a first set of first windings 502a and a second set of first windings 502b. The number of windings in the first set of first windings 502a and the second set of first windings 502b can be the same, such that when the transformer 220 is operated in a low voltage setting, one of the first set of first windings 502a or the second set of first windings 502b can be tapped. An exemplary tap in the low voltage setting can include the input mains (firewire) 216a at 502a and the return mains (neutral) 216b at 502a. When the transformer 220 is in a high voltage setting, both the first set of first windings 502a and the second set of first windings 502b can be tapped. An exemplary tap in the high voltage setting can include the input mains (firewire) 216a at 502a and the return mains (neutral) 216b at 502b.

[0085] The transformer can include a plurality of second windings 504, which are divided into a first set of second windings 504a and a second set of second windings 504b. The number of windings in the first set of second windings 504a and the second set of second windings 504b can be the same, such that when the transformer 220 is operated in a low voltage setting, one of the first set of second windings 504a or the second set of second windings 504b can be used.

[0086] Figure 5 An exemplary tap 216b* of the first set of first windings 502a and the second set of first windings 502b is shown. The exemplary tap 216b* has more windings than the tap at 216, and thus corresponds to a tap when it is determined that the measured voltage is higher than the predetermined voltage as defined above. Figure 5 Only two exemplary taps 216b* are demonstrated, however the present invention is not limited to these two taps, and can include any number of taps as described above.

[0087] The relationship between the number of windings on the primary side of the second PSU 220, the voltage on the primary side of the second PSU 220, the number of windings on the secondary side of the second PSU 220, and the voltage on the secondary side of the second PSU 220 can be defined by the equation Vs / Vp = Ns / Np, where Vs is the voltage on the secondary side, Vp is the voltage on the primary side, Ns is the number of windings on the secondary side, and Np is the number of windings on the primary side.

[0088] Figure 6 An operating power supply, such as the power supply 100 described with reference to FIG. 1, is shown. Figures 1 to 5A flowchart of the method 600 of the power supply 100 and 200. The method of operating the power supply 100, 200 includes receiving mains power from a power supply input, as indicated at point 602. At point 604, the method includes transferring the mains power to the first PSU 104, 210 by the first switching device 112a, 204, 206. At point 606, the method includes measuring, by the processor of the computing device 108, 212, a voltage of the mains power input to the first PSU 104, 210. At point 608, the method includes determining, by the processor of the computing device 108, 212, from the voltage measurement, that the mains power is in a low voltage range or in a high voltage range, wherein the low voltage range does not overlap with the high voltage range. At point 610, the method includes receiving a command to turn on the power supply 100, 200 from a low power mode (e.g., this can include transitioning the power supply 100, 200 from a standby mode to an "on" mode as described above). At point 612, the method includes operating, by the processor of the computing device 108, 212, the second switching device 112b, 202 to a low voltage setting if the mains power is in the low voltage range or to a high voltage setting if the mains power is in the high voltage range. The method includes receiving a command to turn on the power supply from a low power mode. The method includes operating, by the processor, the first switching device from the first PSU to the second PSU to transfer the mains power from the first PSU to the second PSU after operating the second switching device.

[0089] In one embodiment, the first switching device includes a main start switch 204 operable to transfer the mains power to the first PSU 210 or the second PSU 220, and a soft start switch 206 coupled in parallel with the main start switch 204, the soft start switch 206 operable to provide the mains power to the second PSU 220 when the soft start switch is engaged. Operating the first switching device further includes engaging, by the processor of the computing device 212, the soft start switch to turn on the second PSU 220 while keeping the first PSU 210 on. Operating the first switching device further includes subsequently operating, by the processor of the computing device, the main start switch 204 from the first PSU 210 to the second PSU 220. Operating the first switching device further includes subsequently disengaging, by the processor of the computing device 212, the soft start switch 206.

[0090] In one embodiment, the method further includes having the processor of computing device 212 measure the voltage of the output power of the second PSU when the soft-start switch is engaged and when the main switch is switched to the first PSU. The method further includes having the processor operate the main start switch from the first PSU to the second PSU if the measured voltage is within a predetermined threshold range. The method further includes having the processor of computing device 212 disconnect the soft-start switch and maintain the main start switch in the position of supplying mains power to the first PSU if the measured voltage is higher or lower than a predetermined range.

[0091] In one embodiment, the second PSU 220 is a transformer including a plurality of primary windings operable to receive mains power in a low-voltage or high-voltage range and a plurality of secondary windings operable to provide output power. The power supply also includes a third switching device 208 electrically connected to the second PSU and the computing device, operable to select one of a plurality of taps on the primary winding of the second PSU such that the voltage of the output power on the secondary winding is constant. The method further includes the processor of the computing device 212 determining whether the voltage in the low-voltage range is higher than a first threshold voltage or whether the voltage in the high-voltage range is higher than a second threshold voltage. Alternatively, the method further includes the processor determining whether the voltage in the low-voltage range is lower than a third threshold voltage or whether the voltage in the high-voltage range is lower than a fourth threshold voltage. The method further includes the processor operating the third switching device when the voltage in the low-voltage range is higher than the first threshold voltage, the voltage in the high-voltage range is higher than the second threshold voltage, the voltage in the low-voltage range is lower than the third threshold voltage, or the voltage in the high-voltage range is lower than the fourth threshold voltage.

[0092] In one embodiment, the method further includes selecting a low-voltage tap of the first switch of the third switching device when the voltage in the low-voltage range is at a predetermined low voltage, or selecting a first tap of the first switch having more windings than the low-voltage tap when the voltage in the low-voltage range is higher than a first threshold voltage. Alternatively or additionally, the method further includes selecting a high-voltage tap of the second switch of the third switching device when the voltage in the high-voltage range is at a predetermined high voltage, or selecting a second tap of the second switch having more windings than the high-voltage tap when the voltage in the high-voltage range is higher than a second threshold voltage. Alternatively or additionally, the method further includes selecting a low-voltage tap of the third switch of the third switching device when the voltage in the low-voltage range is at a predetermined low voltage, or selecting a third tap of the third switch having fewer windings than the low-voltage tap when the voltage in the low-voltage range is lower than a third threshold voltage. Alternatively or additionally, the method further includes selecting a high-voltage tap of the fourth switch of the third switching device when the voltage in the high-voltage range is at a predetermined high voltage, or selecting a fourth tap of the fourth switch having fewer windings than the high-voltage tap when the voltage in the high-voltage range is lower than a fourth threshold voltage.

[0093] Figure 7 The operating power supply (such as a reference) is shown. Figures 1 to 6 A flowchart of another method 700 for the power supplies 100 and 200.

[0094] In one embodiment, the method includes receiving a command to switch the power supply to a low-power mode at step 702, and engaging a soft-start switch 206 by the processor of the computing device 212 at step 704. At step 706, the method further includes the processor subsequently operating the main power switch from the second PSU to the first PSU to turn on the first PSU while the second PSU is on. At step 708, the method further includes subsequently disengaging the soft-start switch to turn off the second PSU while the first PSU is on. Advantageously, a seamless transition between the operation of the main power unit and the auxiliary power unit can be provided, and the power supply can be placed in a more efficient low-power standby mode, wherein only the auxiliary power unit is powered and no power is supplied to the main power unit.

[0095] At step 710, the method further includes the processor continuously measuring the voltage of the mains power input to the first PSU. In one embodiment, the processor stops measuring the mains power when power supplies 100 and 200 are in "on" mode. Advantageously, the mains voltage is measured only during the transition from a low-power standby mode to the "on" mode, ensuring that no power is drawn from the first PSU during standby mode. At step 712, the method further includes the processor operating the second switching device to a low-voltage setting when the mains power is in a low-voltage range, or to a high-voltage setting when the mains power is in a high-voltage range. Advantageously, the power supply can switch to a more efficient low-power standby mode because it only needs to power the first PSU (the lower power supply unit) instead of the higher-power second PSU (which may be a toroidal transformer that consumes a relatively large amount of power in standby mode). This allows the power supply to meet the more stringent requirements of the EU Energy Related Products (ErP) Directive.

Claims

1. A power supply (100) comprising: A power input terminal (102) is operable to receive mains power; A computing device (108) including a processor; A first power supply unit (PSU) (104) is electrically connected to the computing device and is operable to receive mains power and provide power to the computing device when the power is turned on. Second PSU (106); A first switching device (112a) is electrically connected to the power input terminal, the first PSU, and the second PSU, and is operable to transfer the mains power to the first PSU or the second PSU. The second switching device (112b) is operable to select the high voltage setting or the low voltage setting of the second PSU. The computing device is also electrically connected to the first switching device and the second switching device, and the processor is operable to: Measure the voltage of the mains power input to the first PSU. The voltage measurement results determine whether the mains power is in a low-voltage range or a high-voltage range, wherein the low-voltage range does not overlap with the high-voltage range; The second switching device is operated to the low-voltage setting when the mains power is in the low-voltage range, or to the high-voltage setting when the mains power is in the high-voltage range. After operating the second switching device, the first switching device is operated from the first PSU to the second PSU to transfer the mains power from the first PSU to the second PSU.

2. The power supply according to claim 1, wherein the first switching device comprises: A main start switch (204) is operable to transfer the mains power to the first PSU or the second PSU; A soft start switch (206), connected in parallel with the main start switch, operable to supply mains power to the second PSU when the soft start switch is engaged; and The operation of the first switching device also includes the processor performing the following operations: The second PSU is turned on while the first PSU remains on by engaging the soft-start switch. The main start switch is then switched from the first PSU to the second PSU, and The soft-start switch is then disconnected.

3. The power supply according to claim 2, wherein the processor is further capable of operating to: The voltage at which the output power of the second PSU is measured when the soft-start switch is engaged and when the main switch is switched to the first PSU; If the measured voltage is within a predetermined threshold range, the main start switch is operated from the first PSU to the second PSU; as well as If the measured voltage is higher or lower than the predetermined range, disconnect the soft start switch and keep the main start switch in the position of supplying mains power to the first PSU.

4. The power supply according to claims 1 to 3, wherein the second PSU is a transformer, the transformer comprising a plurality of primary windings operable to receive mains power in the low-voltage range or the high-voltage range and a plurality of secondary windings operable to provide output power, and the power supply further comprising: A third switching device (208), electrically connected to the second PSU and the computing device, is operable to select one of a plurality of taps on the primary winding of the second PSU such that the voltage of the output power on the second winding is constant; and The processor is also capable of operating to: Determine whether the voltage in the low voltage range is higher than a first threshold voltage or whether the voltage in the high voltage range is higher than a second threshold voltage, or determine whether the voltage in the low voltage range is lower than a third threshold voltage or whether the voltage in the high voltage range is lower than a fourth threshold voltage. The third switching device shall be operated when the following conditions occur: The voltage within the low voltage range is higher than the first threshold voltage. The voltage within the high voltage range is higher than the second threshold voltage. The voltage within the low voltage range is lower than the third threshold voltage, or The voltage within the high voltage range is lower than the fourth threshold voltage.

5. The power supply according to claim 4, wherein the third switching device comprises: A first switch is operable to select a low-voltage tap when the voltage in the low-voltage range is at a predetermined low voltage, or to select a first tap with more windings than the low-voltage tap when the voltage in the low-voltage range is higher than the first threshold voltage. A second switch is operable to select a high-voltage tap when the voltage in the high-voltage range is at a predetermined high voltage, or to select a second tap with more windings than the high-voltage tap when the voltage in the high-voltage range is higher than the second threshold voltage. A third switch is operable to select the low-voltage tap when the voltage in the low-voltage range is at the predetermined low voltage, or to select a third tap with fewer windings than the low-voltage tap when the voltage in the low-voltage range is below the third threshold voltage. and / or A fourth switch is operable to select the high-voltage tap when the voltage in the high-voltage range is at the predetermined high voltage, or to select a fourth tap with fewer windings than the high-voltage tap when the voltage in the high-voltage range is below the fourth threshold voltage.

6. The power supply according to claim 5, wherein: The first threshold voltage is 10% higher than the predetermined low voltage, and the number of windings of the first tap is 10% more than that of the low voltage tap; The second threshold voltage is 10% higher than the predetermined high voltage, and the number of windings of the second tap is 10% more than that of the high voltage tap; The third threshold voltage is 10% lower than the predetermined low voltage, and the number of windings in the third tap is 10% less than that in the low voltage tap; and / or The fourth threshold voltage is 10% lower than the predetermined high voltage, and the number of windings of the fourth tap is 10% less than that of the high voltage tap.

7. The power supply according to claims 1 to 6, wherein the predefined low voltage is 90 volts to 140 volts and the predefined high voltage is 190 volts to 270 volts.

8. An amplifier comprising a power supply according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A method of operating the power supply according to claim 1, the method comprising: Receives AC power from the power input terminal; The mains power is transferred to the first PSU via the first switching device; The processor measures the voltage of the mains power input to the first PSU; The processor determines whether the mains power is in a low-voltage range or a high-voltage range based on voltage measurement results, wherein the low-voltage range does not overlap with the high-voltage range. The processor may operate the second switching device to the low-voltage setting when the mains power is in the low-voltage range, or operate the second switching device to the high-voltage setting when the mains power is in the high-voltage range; Receive a command to turn on the power supply from low power mode; as well as The processor operates the first switching device from the first PSU to the second PSU after operating the second switching device, so as to transfer the mains power from the first PSU to the second PSU.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first switching device comprises: A main start switch, operable to transfer mains power to the first PSU or the second PSU; And a soft-start switch, which is connected in parallel with the main start switch, the soft-start switch being operable to supply the mains power to the second PSU when the soft-start switch is engaged, and wherein operating the first switching device further includes: The processor activates the second PSU while keeping the first PSU on by engaging the soft-start switch; The processor then switches the main power switch from the first PSU to the second PSU; and The processor then disconnects the soft-start switch.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising: The processor measures the voltage of the output power of the second PSU when the soft-start switch is engaged and when the main switch is switched to the first PSU; The processor switches the main start switch from the first PSU to the second PSU when the measured voltage is within a predetermined threshold range; The processor disconnects the soft-start switch and maintains the main start switch in the position of supplying mains power to the first PSU when the measured voltage is higher or lower than the predetermined range.

12. The method according to claims 9 to 11, wherein the second PSU is a transformer, the transformer including a plurality of primary windings operable to receive mains power in the low-voltage range or the high-voltage range and a plurality of secondary windings operable to provide output power, and the power supply further including a third switching device electrically connected to the second PSU and the computing device, the third switching device operable to select one of a plurality of taps on the primary winding of the second PSU such that the voltage of the output power on the second winding is constant, the method further comprising: The processor determines whether the voltage in the low voltage range is higher than a first threshold voltage or whether the voltage in the high voltage range is higher than a second threshold voltage; or the processor determines whether the voltage in the low voltage range is lower than a third threshold voltage or whether the voltage in the high voltage range is lower than a fourth threshold voltage; and The processor operates the third switching device when the following conditions occur: The voltage within the low voltage range is higher than the first threshold voltage. The voltage within the high voltage range is higher than the second threshold voltage. The voltage within the low voltage range is lower than the third threshold voltage, or The voltage within the high voltage range is lower than the fourth threshold voltage.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising: When the voltage in the low voltage range is at a predetermined low voltage, the low voltage tap of the first switch of the third switching device is selected; or when the voltage in the low voltage range is higher than the first threshold voltage, the first tap of the first switch having more windings than the low voltage tap is selected. When the voltage within the high voltage range is at a predetermined high voltage, the high voltage tap of the second switch of the third switching device is selected; or when the voltage within the high voltage range is higher than the second threshold voltage, the second tap of the second switch having more windings than the high voltage tap is selected. When the voltage within the low voltage range is at a predetermined low voltage, the low-voltage tap of the third switch of the third switching device is selected; or when the voltage within the low voltage range is lower than the third threshold voltage, the third tap of the third switch having fewer windings than the low-voltage tap is selected; and / or When the voltage within the high voltage range is at the predetermined high voltage, the high voltage tap of the fourth switch of the third switching device is selected; or when the voltage within the high voltage range is lower than the fourth threshold voltage, the fourth tap of the fourth switch having fewer windings than the high voltage tap is selected.

14. The method according to claims 10 to 13, further comprising: Receive a command to switch the power supply to a low-power mode; The processor engages the soft-start switch; The processor then switches the main power switch from the second PSU to the first PSU, so that the first PSU is turned on at the same time as the second PSU is turned on. The soft-start switch is then disconnected to shut down the second PSU while the first PSU is turned on.

15. The method of claim 14, further comprising: The processor continuously measures the voltage of the mains power input to the first PSU; as well as The processor may operate the second switching device to the low-voltage setting when the mains power is in the low-voltage range, or to the high-voltage setting when the mains power is in the high-voltage range.

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