Earthing arsenic sandstone area hillside orchard rainwater collection, storage and efficient utilization method

Abstract

The invention provides a method for collecting, storing and efficiently utilizing rainwater of a hillside orchard in a soil-covered arsenic sandstone area, which comprises the following steps of: 1) designing reasonable irrigation of the orchard, namely calculating the water demand and the irrigation amount of the orchard by taking the evapotranspiration amount of the orchard as the ecological water demand amount of the orchard and taking the evapotranspiration amount as the design basis of the capacity and the number of water cellars and various flow collecting materials and scales of the water cellars; (2) rainwater collecting surface design: taking the annual irrigation amount of the orchard as the demand target of the rainwater collecting amount Q, defining the actual irrigation amount of the orchard as V irrigation, enabling Q to be equal to V irrigation, and calculating the required collecting areas of various collecting surfaces according to the collecting efficiency of the orchard and the various collecting surfaces; and 3) designing the mountain water storage cellars, namely determining the capacity and the number of single water storage cellars according to the annual irrigation volume and the flow collection volume of the orchard. By optimizing the flow collection surface efficiency, constructing a water cellar water quality stabilizing method and coupling the water demand law of the fruit trees, redistribution and on-demand accurate supply of rainwater resources in the space-time dimension are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water resource utilization technology, specifically to a method for rainwater collection, storage and efficient utilization in mountain orchards in soil-covered sandstone areas. Background Technology

[0002] Arsenic sandstone is an area of ​​extreme ecological fragility and severe soil erosion on the Loess Plateau, known as "the world's worst soil erosion" and "environmental cancer." It is a major source of coarse sand in the main channel of the Yellow River, leading to high water levels downstream and severely impacting the ecological security and high-quality socio-economic development of the middle and lower reaches. The arsenic sandstone area is divided into three types: exposed arsenic sandstone, sand-covered arsenic sandstone, and soil-covered arsenic sandstone. The soil-covered arsenic sandstone area accounts for 50.6% of the total area and is a key area urgently requiring remediation.

[0003] Apples, a widely cultivated economic forest species in the Loess Plateau region, play a crucial role in ecological restoration and regional economic development in the sandstone area. On the one hand, apple trees, with their extensive canopies and dense root systems, can perform ecological functions such as rainwater interception and conservation, improving local microclimates, consolidating soil, and reducing surface runoff. On the other hand, compared to traditional agriculture, the apple industry has higher economic added value, directly and sustainably increasing farmers' household income and serving as a vital engine for driving the local rural economy. Therefore, the successful construction of the sandstone apple orchard has achieved synergistic effects between ecological governance and economic development.

[0004] Currently, mountain apple orchards in sandstone-covered areas still face severe challenges in the efficient utilization and scientific management of rainwater resources. Specifically, mountain orchards generally suffer from low rainwater utilization efficiency, ineffective irrigation due to terrain limitations, and extensive water management, which not only affect fruit yield and quality but also weaken the ecological function of fruit trees in sandstone consolidation and soil and water conservation. Therefore, integrating existing technologies to construct a comprehensive management technology for rainwater harvesting, utilization, and water-saving irrigation suitable for local site conditions is of great significance for effectively improving water resource utilization efficiency, meeting orchard water needs, and thus promoting the healthy development of the sandstone apple industry from extensive growth to high-quality, leapfrog development.

[0005] Currently, the Loess Plateau region has relatively mature technologies in rainwater harvesting, cisterns, and water-saving irrigation in orchards. However, in sandstone areas, these technologies remain fragmented, lacking systematic integration. From a research and development perspective, existing achievements focus primarily on optimizing individual technologies while neglecting the synergistic mechanisms and coupling effects between different technologies. In practical application, this fragmentation directly leads to poor knowledge transfer, resulting in core problems such as low rainwater resource utilization efficiency in mountain orchards, unreliable irrigation water for fruit trees, and inefficient water management. Therefore, integrating interdisciplinary knowledge to construct a comprehensive, efficient rainwater resource utilization technology system for mountain orchards in sandstone areas—combining rainwater harvesting, cisterns, and water-saving irrigation—is of significant value in promoting the transition from individual technologies to a comprehensive system, achieving synergistic effects among technological elements, and enhancing orchard water productivity and sustainable water resource utilization. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the technical problems mentioned above, this invention proposes a method for rainwater collection, storage, and efficient utilization in mountain orchards in sandstone-covered areas. The method is well-conceived, optimizing the efficiency of the collection surface, constructing a water cellar for water quality stabilization, and coupling it with the water requirements of fruit trees. This achieves the redistribution and precise on-demand supply of rainwater resources in the spatiotemporal dimensions, enabling efficient utilization and refined management of rainwater resources, and contributing to the efficient collection and utilization of rainwater resources.

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a method for rainwater harvesting, storage, and efficient utilization in mountainous orchards covered with arsenic sandstone, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0008] 1) Rational irrigation design for orchards

[0009] The orchard evapotranspiration is used as the ecological water requirement of the orchard, and the evapotranspiration is used as the design basis for the capacity and number of water cellars, as well as the various water collection materials and scale, to calculate the orchard's water requirement and irrigation volume.

[0010] 2) Rainwater collection surface design

[0011] Using the annual irrigation volume of the orchard as the target demand for rainwater harvesting volume Q, the actual irrigation volume of the orchard is defined as V. 灌 Let Q=V 灌 Based on the flow collection efficiency of the orchard and various flow collection surfaces, the required flow collection area for each flow collection surface is calculated.

[0012] 3) Mountain water storage cellar design

[0013] The capacity and number of individual water storage cellars are determined based on the annual irrigation volume and catchment volume of the orchard.

[0014] The method for rainwater harvesting, storage, and efficient utilization in mountain orchards in arsenic-covered sandstone areas, wherein the specific process for calculating the orchard's water demand and irrigation volume in step 1) is as follows:

[0015] 1.1) Determining the water requirement of the orchard

[0016] Orchard growing season ET c It is equal to the sum of the products of the crop coefficient at each growth stage and the reference evapotranspiration during the same period, that is:

[0017] (1);

[0018] In equation (1) above, ET 0i K represents the reference evapotranspiration at a specific growth stage of fruit trees. ci The crop coefficient for each growth stage of fruit trees is defined as the water requirement ET of fruit trees at a certain stage. c The ratio of ET to ET0; ET 0i Obtained through experimental methods or literature review;

[0019] 1.2) Calculation of supplementary irrigation amount during the orchard growing season

[0020] The amount of supplemental irrigation I during the orchard's growing season is equal to the difference between the orchard's water requirement and the annual effective precipitation during the same period, that is:

[0021] I=ET c -P e (2);

[0022] In formula (2) above, I represents the amount of supplementary irrigation during the orchard's growing season; ET c Water requirement for the orchard; P e The annual effective precipitation is calculated using the following formula:

[0023] P e =α×P t (3);

[0024] In equation (3) above, P t P represents annual precipitation; e α is the annual effective precipitation; α is the effective precipitation utilization coefficient; when P t When α < 5 mm, α = 1.0; when 5 mm ≤ P t When P ≤ 50 mm, α = 1.0 ~ 0.8; when P t When the diameter is >50 mm, α = 0.7~0.8;

[0025] 1.3) Calculation of actual orchard irrigation volume

[0026] Based on the irrigation volume per unit area of ​​the orchard and the orchard area, calculate the corresponding actual volume of irrigation required for the orchard, i.e.:

[0027] (4);

[0028] In equation (4) above, V 灌 A represents the actual irrigation amount in the orchard; A represents the orchard area; and I represents the supplementary irrigation amount during the orchard's growing season.

[0029] The method for rainwater collection, storage, and efficient utilization in mountain orchards in arsenic-covered sandstone areas, wherein the required collection area for various collection surfaces in step 2) is obtained by the following formula (5):

[0030] (5);

[0031] In the above formula (5), Q is the required rainwater collection flow rate for the orchard; S i E represents the required flow area for the i-th type of flow collector surface. p The runoff efficiency is the runoff rate when the rainfall guarantee rate is equal to p; P p To guarantee the rainfall amount when the rate equals p, it can be obtained from the following formula (6):

[0032] (6);

[0033] In the above formula (6), P0 is the local multi-year average rainfall; K is the ratio of average rainfall to precipitation; K p This is the frequency-to-mode ratio coefficient.

[0034] The method for rainwater collection, storage, and efficient utilization in mountain orchards in sandstone-covered mountainous areas, wherein the water storage cellar capacity V in step 3) is... 储 Greater than or equal to the annual irrigation volume of the orchard, V 灌 The required rainwater collection flow rate Q for the orchard; the water storage cellar capacity is obtained by the following formula (7):

[0035] (7);

[0036] In equation (7) above, V 储 N represents the capacity of the water storage cellar; N is the number of water storage cellars. This indicates the water storage capacity of a single water cellar.

[0037] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0038] This invention presents a method for rainwater harvesting, storage, and efficient utilization in mountainous orchards covered with sandstone. From a technological development perspective, it represents a theoretical breakthrough, moving from tackling single technological challenges to system integration and innovation. Its core lies in reconstructing the previously isolated theories of rainwater resource utilization, water quality assurance in storage pits, and precision irrigation for fruit trees through a cross-module synergistic coupling mechanism. This results in a systematic methodology based on the entire process of efficient rainwater harvesting, storage, and utilization in sandstone areas.

[0039] At the practical application level, the invention constructs a complete technology chain from "rain catchment surface - water storage facilities - fruit tree water requirements". By optimizing the efficiency of the catchment surface, constructing a method for stabilizing water quality in water cellars, and coupling it with the water requirement patterns of fruit trees, it achieves the redistribution and precise on-demand supply of rainwater resources in the spatiotemporal dimensions. This effectively solves the core problem of low rainwater utilization efficiency and extensive management in this region, transforming scattered technical elements into a replicable and scalable comprehensive orchard water management solution, ultimately achieving efficient utilization and refined management of rainwater resources in sandstone mountain apple orchards. In summary, this invention can be directly applied to sandstone mountain apple orchards, contributing to the efficient collection and utilization of rainwater resources, and is of great significance for sandstone remediation, ecological restoration, and sustainable socio-economic development. After the water cellar was completed in June 2025, it has collected and stored rainwater twice between June and September using concrete roads and other catchment areas, with a storage capacity of approximately 2500 m³. 3 One irrigation session met the irrigation needs of nearly 20 mu (approximately 3.3 hectares) of apple orchards, effectively alleviating the water shortage in the sandstone apple orchard to a certain extent. At the same time, this technology significantly reduced the orchard's water costs: previously, the orchard had to haul water from elsewhere, with each truckload carrying 20 cubic meters of water costing a considerable sum. 3 Price: 400 yuan, 2800 m 3 The cost of water would be 56,000 yuan. The cost of building a new water cellar is only about 14,000 yuan, thus saving more than 300% on water costs. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method for rainwater collection, storage and efficient utilization in mountain orchards in sandstone-covered mountainous areas according to the present invention.

[0042] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional design drawing of an inverted trapezoidal water storage cellar in a sandstone mountainous area, which is involved in the rainwater collection, storage and efficient utilization method for sandstone-covered mountain orchards of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 3 This is a two-dimensional design drawing of an inverted trapezoidal water storage cellar in a sandstone mountainous area, which is involved in the rainwater collection, storage and efficient utilization method for sandstone-covered mountain orchards of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 4This is a field photo taken in June 2025 of the "inverted trapezoidal" water storage cellar in the sandstone mountainous area of ​​Zhungeer Banner, Inner Mongolia, which is involved in the rainwater collection, storage and efficient utilization method of the sandstone mountainous area covered by soil in the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a method for rainwater collection, storage and efficient utilization in mountain orchards in sandstone-covered areas. It focuses on rainwater collection, water cellar storage and water-saving irrigation. Based on a quantitative understanding of the water consumption patterns of fruit trees, it precisely designs the collection system and water cellar system, and finally realizes the collection, storage and efficient utilization of rainwater resources, thereby supporting the sustainable development of apple orchards in sandstone-covered areas.

[0048] The present invention provides a method for rainwater harvesting, storage, and efficient utilization in mountainous orchards in areas covered by arsenic-rich sandstone, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0049] S010, Orchard Water-Saving Irrigation Design

[0050] This invention uses orchard evapotranspiration (the sum of fruit tree transpiration and soil evaporation, ET) as the unit of measurement. c The ecological water requirement is used as the basis for the design of water cellar capacity, quantity, and various water collection materials and scales. The specific calculation is as follows:

[0051] S011. Determination of orchard water requirements

[0052] Orchard growing season ET c It is equal to the sum of the products of the crop coefficient at each growth stage and the reference evapotranspiration during the same period, that is:

[0053] (1);

[0054] Among them: ET 0i Reference evapotranspiration (mm) for a certain growth stage of fruit trees; K ci The crop coefficient for each growth stage of fruit trees is defined as the water requirement ET of fruit trees at a certain stage. c The ratio of ET to ET0. ET 0i This can be obtained through actual measurement or by consulting literature.

[0055] S012. Calculation of supplementary irrigation amount during the orchard growing season

[0056] The amount of supplemental irrigation I during the orchard's growing season is equal to the difference between the orchard's water requirement and the annual effective precipitation during the same period, that is:

[0057] I=ET c -P e (2);

[0058] Where: I represents the orchard's supplemental irrigation amount during the growing season (mm); ET c Orchard water requirement (mm); P e The annual effective precipitation (mm) is calculated as follows:

[0059] P e =α×P t (3);

[0060] Where: P t Annual precipitation (mm); P e denoted as annual effective precipitation (mm); α is the effective precipitation utilization coefficient. When P t When α < 5 mm, α = 1.0; when 5 mm ≤ P t When P ≤ 50 mm, α = 1.0 ~ 0.8; when P t When the diameter is >50 mm, α = 0.7~0.8.

[0061] S013, Calculation of Actual Orchard Irrigation Volume

[0062] Based on the irrigation volume per unit area of ​​the orchard and the orchard area, the corresponding actual volume of irrigation required for the orchard can be calculated, i.e.:

[0063] (4);

[0064] Where: V 灌 A represents the actual orchard irrigation volume (m³); A represents the orchard area (m²). 2 ); I represents the amount of supplemental irrigation (mm) during the orchard's growing season.

[0065] S020, Rainwater Harvesting Surface Design

[0066] Using the annual irrigation volume of the orchard as the target demand for rainwater collection Q, let Q=V 灌 Based on the runoff efficiency of various runoff surfaces such as concrete roads, rural dirt roads, earthen yards, courtyard surfaces, and natural slopes in and around orchards, the required runoff area for each runoff surface can be calculated using the following formula:

[0067] (5);

[0068] Where: Q is the required rainwater collection volume (m³) for the orchard. 3 ); Si The required flow area (m²) for the i-th type of flow collector surface 2 ); E p The runoff efficiency when the rainfall guarantee rate equals p can be obtained from the corresponding empirical formulas or tables (Reference: Wu Fuxue and Gao Ziqiang, 1995, Discussion on the Design Problems of Rainwater Harvesting Projects, Gansu Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, (4): 34-39); P p To guarantee the rainfall amount when the rate equals p, the calculation is as follows:

[0069] (6);

[0070] In the formula: P0 is the local multi-year average rainfall (mm); K is the ratio of average rainfall to precipitation (mm); K p The frequency modulus ratio can be found in a table based on the coefficient of variation C of the local annual average precipitation. v The corresponding value of (0.276) is obtained.

[0071] S030, Mountain Water Storage Cellar Design

[0072] The capacity and number of individual water storage cellars can be determined based on the orchard's annual irrigation volume and runoff. Common cellar shapes include spherical, bottle-shaped, cylindrical, and kiln-type cellars. Cellars should be distributed downstream of the runoff surface or in low-lying areas of the orchard to minimize water loss.

[0073] Water storage cellar capacity V 储 It should not be less than the annual irrigation volume V of the orchard 灌 Or, the flow rate Q; the water storage cellar capacity V. 储 The calculation is as follows:

[0074] (7);

[0075] Where: V 储 Indicates the capacity of the water storage cellar (m³) 3 N represents the number of water storage cellars; This indicates the water storage capacity of a single water cellar (m³). 3 ).

[0076] Implementation Cases

[0077] A high-efficiency rainwater utilization technology for orchards using "water collection-storage-saving" methods – taking a 100-mu apple orchard in a mountainous area with concentrated distribution of arsenic sandstone as an example:

[0078] This invention takes the concentrated distribution areas of arsenic-bearing sandstone in Jungar Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Fugu County, Yulin City, Shaanxi Province as examples, and relates to a method for efficient rainwater utilization in arsenic-bearing sandstone orchards through "water collection-storage-saving," which mainly includes the following steps:

[0079] S100, Orchard Rational Irrigation Design

[0080] S101. Determination of orchard water requirements

[0081] This invention applies the evapotranspiration and crop coefficient of apple orchards in the mountainous areas of northern Shaanxi calculated by Li Zhe et al. (2022), and takes the average value of evapotranspiration under three irrigation conditions to obtain the orchard evapotranspiration ET at various growth stages of apple orchards, including the budding and leaf expansion stage, flowering and fruit setting stage, fruit enlargement stage, and fruit ripening stage. c The thicknesses were 45.54 mm, 32.35 mm, 404.29 mm, and 34.97 mm, respectively, with ET for the entire phenological period. c It is 517.14 mm.

[0082] S102. Calculation of supplementary irrigation amount during the orchard growing season

[0083] According to research, the annual growing season for apples in the sandstone area is approximately 185 days. Based on the average annual rainfall of 377.4 mm in Zhungeer Banner, Inner Mongolia from 1980 to 2020, and taking α as 0.8, the effective rainfall P can be obtained according to formula (3). e The value is 301.95 mm, from which the supplementary irrigation amount I during the orchard growing season is calculated to be 215.2 mm.

[0084] S103, Calculation of Actual Orchard Irrigation Volume

[0085] Based on the water replenishment per unit area and the orchard area of ​​100 mu, the actual orchard irrigation volume V can be calculated. 灌 .

[0086] V 灌 =100×667× 215.2 / 1000=14353.4 (m 3 ).

[0087] S200, rainwater harvesting surface design

[0088] This invention takes Jungar Banner, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as an example, using concrete roads, rural dirt roads, earthen fields, courtyards, and natural slopes in and around the orchard as the main runoff surfaces, with an annual orchard irrigation volume (Q=14353.4m³). 3 The required catchment area for various runoff surfaces is determined based on the water demand target. The average annual precipitation in Zhungeer Banner from 1980 to 2020 was 377.4 mm. V =0.27; According to Wu Fuxue (1995) et al., taking Huanxian County, Gansu Province, which borders northern Shaanxi, as a reference, K=0.92 was found in the table. 50 =0.975, K 75 =0.806, K 95 =0.604. P is calculated according to formula (6).50 =338.5mm, P 75 =279.8mm, P 95 =209.7mm. Then, according to the literature, the runoff collection efficiencies of concrete roads, rural dirt roads, natural slopes (sparse vegetation), and natural slopes (forest and grassland) are 0.8, 0.3, 0.15, and 0.08, respectively. Finally, according to formula (5), the total runoff collection area under the guarantee rate of p=50%, 75%, and 95% rainfall can be calculated to be 196500m². 2 235500 m 2 and 266600 m 2 See the table below for details:

[0089] Table: Area of ​​various runoff surfaces required for a 100-mu (6.7 hectares) sandstone apple orchard under different rainfall guarantee rates

[0090]

[0091] 300. Mountain Water Storage Cellar Design

[0092] Based on actual research in sandstone-covered areas, and taking into account the annual irrigation volume and runoff of orchards, this invention designed an inverted trapezoidal water storage cellar on the slope of the sandstone-covered area. One water storage cellar was completed in August 2025. Details are as follows. Figure 2-4 As shown. The water storage capacity of a single water cellar is calculated as follows:

[0093] ;

[0094] Therefore, based on the required water replenishment volume of 14353.4 m³ for a 100-mu orchard. 3 The required number of water cellars can be calculated to be 8.72, which is rounded up to 9.

[0095] This invention is well-conceived. By optimizing the efficiency of the runoff collection surface, constructing a method for stabilizing water quality in water cellars, and coupling it with the water demand patterns of fruit trees, it realizes the redistribution and precise on-demand supply of rainwater resources in the spatiotemporal dimensions, achieving efficient utilization and refined management of rainwater resources, and contributing to the efficient collection and utilization of rainwater resources.

[0096] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rainwater harvesting, storage, and efficient utilization in mountain orchards in sandstone-covered mountainous areas, characterized in that, Specifically, the following steps are included: 1) Rational irrigation design for orchards The orchard evapotranspiration is used as the ecological water requirement of the orchard, and the evapotranspiration is used as the design basis for the capacity and number of water cellars, as well as the various water collection materials and scale, to calculate the orchard's water requirement and irrigation volume. 2) Rainwater collection surface design Using the annual irrigation volume of the orchard as the target demand for rainwater harvesting volume Q, the actual irrigation volume of the orchard is defined as V. 灌 Let Q=V 灌 Based on the flow collection efficiency of the orchard and various flow collection surfaces, the required flow collection area for each flow collection surface is calculated. 3) Mountain water storage cellar design The capacity and number of individual water storage cellars are determined based on the annual irrigation volume and catchment volume of the orchard.

2. The method for rainwater collection, storage, and efficient utilization in mountain orchards in sandstone-covered mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific process for calculating the orchard's water requirements and irrigation volume in step 1) is as follows: 1.1) Determining the water requirement of the orchard Orchard growing season ET c It is equal to the sum of the products of the crop coefficient at each growth stage and the reference evapotranspiration during the same period, that is: （1）； In equation (1) above, ET 0i K represents the reference evapotranspiration at a specific growth stage of fruit trees. ci The crop coefficient for each growth stage of fruit trees is defined as the water requirement ET of fruit trees at a certain stage. c The ratio of ET to ET0; ET 0i Obtained through experimental methods or literature review; 1.2) Calculation of supplementary irrigation amount during the orchard growing season The amount of supplemental irrigation I during the orchard's growing season is equal to the difference between the orchard's water requirement and the annual effective precipitation during the same period, that is: I=AND c -P e (2); In formula (2) above, I represents the amount of supplementary irrigation during the orchard's growing season; ET c Water requirement for the orchard; P e The annual effective precipitation is calculated using the following formula: P e =α×P t (3); In equation (3) above, P t P represents annual precipitation; e α is the annual effective precipitation; α is the effective precipitation utilization coefficient; when P t When α < 5 mm, α = 1.0; when 5 mm ≤ P t When P ≤ 50 mm, α = 1.0 ~ 0.8; when P t When the diameter is >50 mm, α = 0.7~0.8; 1.3) Calculation of actual orchard irrigation volume Based on the irrigation volume per unit area of ​​the orchard and the orchard area, calculate the corresponding actual volume of irrigation required for the orchard, i.e.: （4）； In equation (4) above, V 灌 A represents the actual irrigation amount in the orchard; A represents the orchard area; and I represents the supplementary irrigation amount during the orchard's growing season.

3. The method for rainwater collection, storage, and efficient utilization in mountain orchards in sandstone-covered mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The required flow area for each flow collection surface in step 2) is obtained by the following formula (5): （5）； In the above formula (5), Q is the required rainwater collection flow rate for the orchard; S i E represents the required flow area for the i-th type of flow collector surface. p The runoff efficiency is the runoff rate when the rainfall guarantee rate is equal to p; P p To guarantee the rainfall amount when the rate equals p, it can be obtained from the following formula (6): （6）； In the above formula (6), P0 is the local multi-year average rainfall; K is the ratio of average rainfall to precipitation; K p This is the frequency-to-mode ratio coefficient.

4. The method for rainwater collection, storage, and efficient utilization in mountain orchards in sandstone-covered mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3), the water storage cellar capacity V 储 Greater than or equal to the annual irrigation volume of the orchard, V 灌 The required rainwater collection flow rate Q for the orchard; the water storage cellar capacity is obtained by the following formula (7): （7）； In equation (7) above, V 储 N represents the capacity of the water storage cellar; N is the number of water storage cellars. This indicates the water storage capacity of a single water cellar.

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