Ultrasonic automatic flaw detection device

Abstract

An ultrasonic automatic flaw detection device belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic flaw detection, and aims to solve the problems that surface interference is mistakenly judged as internal cracks or inclusions and damage is caused by direct contact between a probe and a large shaft. The ultrasonic automatic flaw detection device comprises a rack, a driving part is mounted in the rack, and a moving plate is arranged on the surface of the driving part; a high-frequency alternating magnetic field is excited through the electromagnetic coil, obstacles such as rust layer protrusions and weld beading on the surface of the large shaft can be penetrated, ultrasonic waves are directly generated in a metal base body, an ultrasonic probe does not need to make contact with the large shaft, on one hand, the ultrasonic probe is not prone to damage, and on the other hand, the ultrasonic probe is not prone to damage. On the one hand, false signals generated by barrier reflection of a traditional contact type probe are avoided, the misjudgment rate is reduced, on the other hand, ultrasonic reflected waves can be received through air coupling without a coupling agent, energy loss caused by non-uniform smearing of the coupling agent is reduced, and interference of surface barriers on detection is eliminated.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of ultrasonic flaw detection, in particular to an ultrasonic automatic flaw detection device. BACKGROUND

[0002] The large shaft of a water turbine is a core transmission component of a hydroelectric power generation device, and is long-term operated in a working condition environment of dampness and much silt. Irregular obstacles such as rust layer protrusions, welding bumps and flash are easily formed on the surface of the large shaft, and cracks, pores and other hidden defects may be generated inside the large shaft due to fatigue load and stress concentration. In order to ensure the safe operation of the water turbine, the large shaft needs to be regularly detected by an ultrasonic flaw detection device to check surface and internal defects.

[0003] The current ultrasonic automatic flaw detection device usually adopts a detection mode of direct contact of an ultrasonic probe with the surface of the large shaft. The mode needs to be closely attached to the surface of the large shaft by the probe, and a coupling agent needs to be applied to enhance the ultrasonic energy transmission, so that the ultrasonic wave penetrates the large shaft matrix, and then the defect recognition is realized through the reflected wave of the defect. However, the rust layer protrusions, welding bumps and other obstacles on the surface of the large shaft will cause multiple interferences to the ultrasonic wave propagation path, form false defect signals, and cause the system to mistakenly determine the surface interference as internal cracks or inclusions. The thick rust layer or irregular welding bump will cause the probe to be not closely attached to the large shaft matrix, resulting in ultrasonic energy attenuation, so that the reflected wave signal of the internal small defect is covered, and further causes the missed detection and misjudgment. Moreover, since the direct contact type detection is adopted, the probe inevitably collides and rubs with the hard obstacles such as the rust layer protrusions and welding bumps when reciprocally scanning along the axial or circumferential direction of the large shaft, which easily causes the scratch and cracking of the protective film of the probe, and even causes the fragmentation or peeling of the internal piezoelectric wafer, resulting in the interruption of the whole detection process.

[0004] In view of the above problems, an ultrasonic automatic flaw detection device is provided. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to provide an ultrasonic automatic flaw detection device, which is used to work, so as to solve the problems of mistakenly determining the surface interference as internal cracks or inclusions and the damage caused by the direct contact of the probe with the large shaft.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme: The utility model provides an ultrasonic automatic flaw detection device, including frame, drive piece is installed inside the frame, and the surface of drive piece is provided with moving plate, and moving plate is fixedly installed with fixed cylinder inside, and fixed cylinder is slidably connected with fixed column inside, and one end of fixed column is fixedly installed with ultrasonic probe, and the outside of ultrasonic probe is fixedly installed with circular frame, and circular frame is fixedly installed with electromagnetic coil inside, and moving plate is fixedly installed with high frequency power supply inside, and high frequency power supply is electrically connected with electromagnetic coil through wire, and fixed cylinder is fixedly installed with heating plate inside, and high frequency power supply is electrically connected with heating plate through wire, and one side of heating plate is fixedly installed with memory alloy, and one end of memory alloy is fixedly connected with fixed column, and two elastic pieces are fixedly installed in fixed cylinder, and fixed column is connected with two elastic pieces, and the inside of frame is fixedly installed with locating seat.

[0007] Further, the drive piece includes a motor and a threaded rod rotatably connected inside the frame, the motor is fixedly connected with the frame, and the threaded rod is fixedly connected with the output end of the motor.

[0008] Further, one side of the moving plate is fixedly installed with a threaded plate, the threaded plate is threadedly connected with the threaded rod, one side of the threaded plate is fixedly installed with two limiting plates, and both of the two limiting plates are slidably connected with the limiting rod.

[0009] Further, one side of the moving plate is fixedly installed with a liquid storage barrel, two ends of the liquid storage barrel are communicated with conduits, one side of the conduit is installed with a one-way valve, the bottom of the moving plate is correspondingly installed with a liquid squeezing piece, one end of the conduit is communicated with the liquid squeezing piece, the fixed column is in transmission connection with the liquid squeezing piece, and one end of the liquid squeezing piece is communicated with a plurality of spray pieces.

[0010] Further, the liquid squeezing piece includes an arc-shaped shell and two connecting plates fixed on one side of the arc-shaped shell, both of the two connecting plates are fixedly connected with the moving plate, both sides of the two connecting plates are installed with inclined plates, both of the two inclined plates are rotatably connected with a gear, both sides of the arc-shaped shell are fixedly installed with two convex plates, both sides of the arc-shaped shell are slidably connected with pressing plates, both of the pressing plates are slidably connected with the two convex plates, one side of the pressing plate is fixedly installed with a first toothed plate, the first toothed plate is meshingly connected with the gear, and the arc-shaped shell is slidably connected with an arc-shaped piston plate inside, and the pressing plate is fixedly connected with the arc-shaped piston plate.

[0011] Further, the spray piece includes a spray head and a limiting ring fixed inside the spray head, four hinged seats are fixedly installed on one side of the limiting ring, a sealing plate is rotatably connected on one side of the hinged seat, two rotating rods are fixedly installed inside the sealing plate, both of the two rotating rods are rotatably connected with the hinged seat, both surfaces of the two rotating rods are fixedly installed with torsion springs, and one end of the torsion spring is fixedly connected with the inside of the hinged seat.

[0012] Further, the inside wall of the fixed cylinder is correspondingly provided with a limiting groove.

[0013] Further, the second toothed plate is fixedly installed on both sides of the fixed column, and the second toothed plate is meshingly connected with the gear, and the fixed column is fixedly installed with two sliding blocks on the surface, and the sliding blocks are slidingly connected with the limiting grooves.

[0014] Further, the elastic member includes two supporting rods and two springs fixed in the fixed cylinder, and the fixed column is slidingly connected with the two supporting rods, and one end of each of the two springs is fixedly connected with the fixed column.

[0015] Further, the positioning seat includes a bottom plate and two supporting plates fixed on the bottom plate, the bottom plate is rotatably connected with a bidirectional screw rod, one end of the bidirectional screw rod is fixedly installed with a rotating handle, and the surface of the bidirectional screw rod is threadedly connected with two clamping plates, and the two clamping plates are slidingly connected with the bottom plate.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages: 1. The high-frequency alternating magnetic field is excited by the electromagnetic coil, which can penetrate the obstacles such as rust layer protrusions and welding bumps on the surface of the large shaft, and directly generate ultrasonic waves in the metal matrix without the need for ultrasonic probe to contact the large shaft. On the one hand, false signals caused by obstacles reflection are avoided, reducing the misjudgment rate. On the other hand, ultrasonic reflection waves can be received through air coupling without the need for coupling agent, reducing energy loss caused by uneven application of coupling agent and eliminating the interference of surface obstacles on detection.

[0017] 2. When the electromagnetic coil detects obstacles, the high-frequency power drives the heating plate to heat the memory alloy, which drives the ultrasonic probe to quickly retract and avoid obstacles, avoiding collision between the ultrasonic probe and the obstacles, preventing detection interruption, and improving the service life of the ultrasonic probe.

[0018] 3. When the fixed column retracts, the gear transmission of the second toothed plate drives the liquid extrusion member to extrude the marker liquid in the liquid storage barrel, and the marker liquid is accurately marked by the ejection member in the suspected defect area. The operator does not need to play back all the data from the beginning to find the suspected point, but only needs to perform secondary inspection along the physical marker point on the surface of the large shaft, which greatly shortens the inspection time.

[0019] 4. The bidirectional screw rod rotates, the two clamping plates are relatively moved along the sliding rail of the bottom plate under the action of threaded transmission, and the two ends of the large shaft can be clamped and fixed, realizing accurate centering and stable fixing of the large shaft of the water turbine with different diameters. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present application; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present application; Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present application; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present application; Figure 4Structure schematic diagram of elastic member of the present application; Figure 5 Structure schematic diagram of liquid squeezing member of the present application; Figure 6 Structure schematic diagram of liquid spraying member of the present application; Figure 7 Structure schematic diagram of the present application Figure 6 Structure schematic diagram of the present application Figure 8 Structure schematic diagram of the present application Figure 9 Structure schematic diagram of the present application

[0021] In the figure: 1, rack; 2, driving member; 21, motor; 22, threaded rod; 23, limiting rod; 3, moving plate; 31, threaded plate; 32, limiting plate; 33, liquid storage barrel; 34, conduit; 35, one-way valve; 36, liquid squeezing member; 361, arc-shaped shell; 362, connecting plate; 363, inclined plate; 364, gear; 365, convex plate; 366, pressing plate; 367, first toothed plate; 368, arc-shaped piston plate; 37, liquid spraying member; 371, spray head; 372, limiting ring; 373, hinged seat; 374, sealing plate; 375, rotating rod; 376, torsional spring; 4, fixed cylinder; 41, limiting groove; 5, fixed column; 51, second toothed plate; 52, sliding block; 6, ultrasonic probe; 7, circular frame; 8, electromagnetic coil; 9, high-frequency power supply; 10, heating plate; 20, memory alloy; 30, elastic member; 301, supporting rod; 302, spring; 40, positioning seat; 401, bottom plate; 402, supporting plate; 403, bidirectional screw rod; 404, handle; 405, clamping plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0023] In order to solve the technical problem of misjudging surface interference as internal cracks or inclusions, as shown in Figures 1-9 The following preferred technical solutions are provided: As shown in Figures 1-2As shown, an ultrasonic automatic flaw detection device, including a rack 1, a driving part 2 is installed inside the rack 1, a moving plate 3 is arranged on the surface of the driving part 2, the driving part 2 can drive the moving plate 3 to move reciprocatingly along the axial direction of the large shaft, avoiding uneven scanning speed caused by manual operation, ensuring consistent ultrasonic signal acquisition frequency, reducing defect missed detection caused by speed fluctuation, the moving plate 3 is fixedly installed with a fixed cylinder 4, the fixed cylinder 4 is slidably connected with a fixed column 5, one end of the fixed column 5 is fixedly installed with an ultrasonic probe 6, the traditional ultrasonic probe 6 needs to be in direct contact with the large shaft, which is easy to be worn by rust layer and welding tumor, the ultrasonic probe 6 in the device does not need to be in contact, and the ultrasonic reflection wave is received through air coupling, avoiding scratching the protective film and cracking the wafer, improving the service life of the probe, at the same time, without the need of applying coupling agent, reducing the cost of coupling agent and subsequent cleaning process, and avoiding the ultrasonic energy loss caused by uneven application of coupling agent, improving the internal defect detection rate, the fixed column 5 is slidably connected inside the fixed cylinder 4, providing accurate guidance for the extension and retraction of the ultrasonic probe 6, avoiding horizontal deviation when the ultrasonic probe 6 retracts or resets.

[0024] A circular frame 7 is fixedly installed outside the ultrasonic probe 6, an electromagnetic coil 8 is fixedly installed inside the circular frame 7, a high-frequency power supply 9 is fixedly installed inside the moving plate 3, and the high-frequency power supply 9 is electrically connected with the electromagnetic coil 8 through wires, the circular frame 7 provides a stable mounting structure for the electromagnetic coil 8, ensuring that the electromagnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 8 uniformly acts on the surface of the large shaft, the alternating magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 8 after passing through high-frequency current can penetrate obstacles such as rust layer, welding tumor, and directly excite ultrasonic waves in the metal matrix of the large shaft, compared with the traditional contact type probe, it can avoid the interference of surface obstacles to ultrasonic propagation, reduce false signals caused by obstacle reflection, and reduce the misjudgment rate, a heating plate 10 is fixedly installed inside the fixed cylinder 4, and the high-frequency power supply 9 is electrically connected with the heating plate 10 through wires, the high-frequency power supply 9 can respectively provide accurate current output for the electromagnetic coil 8 and the heating plate 10. Reducing the size and cost of the equipment, while realizing energy on-demand distribution, improving energy utilization, one side of the heating plate 10 is fixedly installed with a memory alloy 20, one end of the memory alloy 20 is fixedly connected with the fixed column 5, the heating plate 10 and the memory alloy 20 are closely attached, the memory alloy 20 can be quickly heated to the phase change temperature, ensuring that the probe quickly completes the retraction, avoiding the collision between the ultrasonic probe 6 and the obstacle, reducing the equipment loss.

[0025] The two elastic members 30 are fixedly installed inside the fixed cylinder 4, and the fixed columns 5 are connected with the two elastic members 30. After the memory alloy 20 is cooled, the two elastic members 30 can push the fixed columns 5 and the ultrasonic probe 6 to quickly reset to the detection position through the elastic force. On the one hand, no additional driving components are needed, the structure is simplified, and the energy consumption is reduced. On the other hand, the seamless connection of obstacle avoidance, resetting and continuous detection can be realized, the detection interruption caused by manual resetting is avoided, the continuous detection process is ensured, especially for the large shaft surface multi-obstacle scene, the detection downtime can be greatly reduced. The positioning seat 40 is fixedly installed inside the rack 1, and the positioning seat 40 can be accurately attached to the outer circular surface of the water turbine large shaft, so as to realize the quick centering and fixing of the device on the large shaft, avoid the large shaft deviation during detection, ensure the continuous coverage of the scanning path on the large shaft surface, and eliminate the local area missed scanning caused by positioning deviation.

[0026] Through the contact between the positioning seat 40 and the outer circular surface of the water turbine large shaft, the quick and stable installation and centering of the device on the large shaft are realized, the relative position relationship between the ultrasonic probe 6 and the large shaft surface is stable during the subsequent detection process, and the detection accuracy is provided. The high-frequency power supply 9 outputs a high-frequency current to the electromagnetic coil 8, and an alternating electromagnetic field is generated around the electromagnetic coil 8 and the surface of the large shaft. According to the law of electromagnetic induction, the alternating electromagnetic field penetrates the rust layer, oxide skin and other non-conductive or low-conductive obstacles on the surface of the metal matrix, and induces a circular eddy current on the lower metal matrix surface. The eddy current and the original electromagnetic field interact to generate Lorentz force or magnetostrictive effect. The force directly excites ultrasonic waves in the metal matrix. The excited ultrasonic waves propagate in the radial or axial direction inside the large shaft. When encountering internal defects or structural boundaries, part of the sound wave energy will be reflected back. The reflected ultrasonic waves will cause slight mechanical vibration on the surface of the large shaft. Even if the ultrasonic probe 6 does not contact the surface of the large shaft, these vibrations can be transmitted to the piezoelectric crystal of the ultrasonic probe 6 through the air or the extremely thin medium layer. The piezoelectric crystal converts the mechanical vibration into a corresponding electrical signal, thereby realizing the detection of defects. Therefore, the non-contact detection can prevent the ultrasonic probe 6 from being contaminated or damaged due to contact, and can easily penetrate the rust layer, oxide skin, paint and other surface coverings, directly interact with the metal matrix, eliminate the interference of these obstacles on the ultrasonic signal from the source, and greatly reduce the missed detection and misjudgment rate.

[0027] The driving member 2 drives the moving plate 3 to reciprocate, so that the ultrasonic probe 6 and the electromagnetic coil 8 can reciprocate, and different positions of the large shaft can be detected. When the rust layer protrusion, welding bump and other obstacles appear on the surface of the large shaft during the detection process, the rust layer protrusion and welding bump are not cracks, but they can change the electrical conductivity distribution and physical appearance of the surface of the large shaft. The electromagnetic field can capture these changes through two mechanisms to realize obstacle identification. The electrical conductivity of the rust layer protrusion is much lower than that of the metal matrix, which can block the local eddy current path, resulting in a significant increase in the equivalent impedance of the coil. The welding bump is a metal accumulation, which can increase the local eddy current density, resulting in a decrease in the impedance of the coil. The system has a preset normal impedance threshold range. When the impedance detected exceeds the threshold, it is determined that there is an obstacle. Then, the controller (the controller is prior art and not shown in the figure) makes the high-frequency power supply 9 output current to the heating plate 10, so that the heating plate 10 rapidly heats up, thereby heating the memory alloy 20. The memory alloy 20 deforms to drive the fixed column 5 and the ultrasonic probe 6 to move upward rapidly, thereby achieving the effect of retraction.

[0028] When encountering obstacles, the ultrasonic probe 6 can retract in time to avoid direct collision and friction with the obstacles, thereby prolonging the service life of the probe and reducing the maintenance cost of the equipment. After passing the obstacles, the memory alloy 20 is no longer heated, and the fixed column 5 and the ultrasonic probe 6 return to the initial position through the elastic force of the two elastic members 30. Therefore, the rust layer protrusion, welding bump and other obstacles on the surface of the large shaft can be automatically detected, and the ultrasonic probe 6 can be retracted by the memory alloy 20 to adapt to the uneven surface and avoid damage or inaccurate detection caused by obstacles. The reliability and stability of the detection can be effectively improved, and the large shaft can be efficiently detected in a complex industrial environment.

[0029] As shown in Figure 3 The driving member 2 includes a motor 21 and a threaded rod 22 rotatably connected inside the rack 1. The motor 21 is fixedly connected with the rack 1, and the threaded rod 22 is fixedly connected with the output end of the motor 21. A limiting rod 23 is fixedly installed inside the rack 1. The motor 21 can drive the threaded rod 22 to rotate, and the rotation of the threaded rod 22 can drive the moving plate 3 to reciprocate. The limiting rod 23 serves as an auxiliary support and guide, strictly limiting the movement freedom of the moving plate 3, so that it can only move linearly along the axial direction and cannot twist or swing.

[0030] In order to solve the technical problem of damage caused by the direct contact of the ultrasonic probe 6 with the large shaft, as shown in Figures 4-9 The following preferred technical solutions are provided: As shown in Figures 4-8As shown, the moving plate 3 is fixedly installed with a threaded plate 31, the threaded plate 31 is threadedly connected with the threaded rod 22, the threaded plate 31 is fixedly installed with two limiting plates 32 on one side, the threaded plate 31 and the limiting plates 32 work cooperatively to efficiently and stably convert the rotating movement of the threaded rod 22 into the linear movement of the moving plate 3, and the two limiting plates 32 are both slidingly connected with the limiting rod 23, when the motor 21 drives the threaded rod 22 to rotate, since the threaded plate 31 is constrained by the limiting plates 32 and cannot rotate together with the threaded rod 22, the rotating movement of the threaded rod 22 is forcibly converted into the linear movement of the threaded plate 31 along the axial direction of the threaded rod 22, the threaded plate 31 is fixedly connected with the moving plate 3, thus the linear movement of the threaded plate 31 directly drives the entire moving plate 3 and all components installed thereon to perform synchronous linear movement, so as to realize the scanning and flaw detection of the large shaft.

[0031] The moving plate 3 is fixedly installed with a liquid storage barrel 33, the liquid storage barrel 33 stores therein a liquid for marking, such as a special flaw detection marking paint, a fluorescent liquid or a temporary marking liquid which can be washed with water, the liquid storage barrel 33 is communicated with a conduit 34 at both ends, the conduit 34 is installed with a one-way valve 35 on one side, the one-way valve 35 prevents the liquid in the liquid storage barrel 33 from flowing out by itself due to gravity or vibration, the moving plate 3 is correspondingly installed with a liquid extruding member 36 at the bottom, the conduit 34 is communicated with the liquid extruding member 36 at one end, and the fixed column 5 is drivingly connected with the liquid extruding member 36, the liquid extruding member 36 is communicated with a plurality of ejection members 37 at one end, when the electromagnetic coil 8 detects a rust layer protrusion or a weld bead, causing abnormal fluctuation of impedance, the system controller determines it as a suspected surface defect, the heating plate 10 is made to work through the high-frequency power supply 9, the memory alloy 20 is deformed by heat, driving the fixed column 5 and the ultrasonic probe 6 to quickly retract upwards to avoid obstacles, in the process of upward movement of the fixed column 5, the liquid extruding member 36 is driven to rapidly reduce the volume of the internal cavity, the marking liquid in the cavity is extruded, the pressure is increased, the high-pressure marking liquid is precisely sprayed in the form of fine jet or mist to the suspected defect position on the surface of the large shaft below, leaving a clear visible mark, after the detection is completed, the operator does not need to play back all the data from the beginning to the end to find the suspected point, but only needs to perform secondary re-inspection along the physical marking point on the surface of the large shaft, greatly shortening the re-inspection time, and completing the marking while detecting, without interrupting the detection process, ensuring the continuity and efficiency of the detection.

[0032] The extrusion component 36 includes an arc-shaped shell 361 and two connecting plates 362 fixed to one side of the arc-shaped shell 361. Both connecting plates 362 are fixedly connected to the moving plate 3. An inclined plate 363 is installed on one side of each of the two connecting plates 362. A gear 364 is rotatably connected between the two inclined plates 363. Two convex plates 365 are fixedly installed on one side of the arc-shaped shell 361. A pressure plate 366 is slidably connected to one side of the arc-shaped shell 361, and the pressure plate 366 is slidably connected to the two convex plates 365. A first toothed plate 367 is fixedly installed on one side of the pressure plate 366, and the first toothed plate 367 is meshed with the gear 364. An arc-shaped piston plate 368 is slidably connected inside the arc-shaped shell 361, and the pressure plate 366 is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped piston plate 368. When the fixed column 5 retracts upward, it can drive the gear 364 to rotate. The rotation of the gear 364 drives the first toothed plate 367 meshing with it to move linearly. The first toothed plate 367 moves downward, which in turn moves the pressure plate 366 and the arc-shaped piston plate 368 downward. The sliding of the arc-shaped piston plate 368 drastically reduces the volume inside the arc-shaped shell 361, thereby generating huge pressure on the marking liquid inside the cavity. This pressure forces the liquid to be sprayed through the ejector 37 onto the suspected defect location on the surface of the large shaft. When the fixed column 5 is reset, the pressure plate 366 and the arc-shaped piston plate 368 return to their initial positions. When the arc-shaped piston plate 368 is reset, a negative pressure is formed inside the arc-shaped shell 361, which draws in new marking liquid from the storage tank 33 through the one-way valve 35, completing the liquid suction process.

[0033] The ejector component 37 includes a nozzle 371 and a limiting ring 372 fixed inside the nozzle 371. Four hinge seats 373 are fixedly installed on one side of the limiting ring 372. A sealing plate 374 is rotatably connected to one side of the hinge seat 373. Two rotating rods 375 are fixedly installed inside the sealing plate 374, and both rotating rods 375 are rotatably connected to the hinge seat 373. Torsion springs 376 are fixedly installed on the surface of each of the two rotating rods 375, and one end of the torsion spring 376 is fixedly connected to the inside of the hinge seat 373. In the absence of liquid pressure, the torsion springs 376 are in a pre-compressed state, applying a continuous torque to the rotating rods 375. This torque is transmitted to the sealing plate 374 through the rotating rods 375, causing the free ends of the four sealing plates 374 to fit tightly together, forming a complete seal. The nozzle 371's outlet channel is completely sealed. Liquid pressure acts on the inner side of the sealing plate 374. As the liquid pressure gradually increases and exceeds the preload of the torsion spring 376, it pushes the sealing plate 374 to rotate outward around the rotating rod 375. The four sealing plates 374 are spread open like petals, forming a circular spray channel between them. High-pressure liquid is sprayed out at high speed in the form of a concentrated jet through this open channel, accurately spraying the suspected defect area on the surface of the shaft to complete the marking. After one spray is completed, the liquid pressure is less than the preload of the torsion spring 376, and the elastic potential energy of the torsion spring 376 is immediately released, causing the rotating rod 375 and the sealing plate 374 to rotate in opposite directions. The four sealing plates 374 close tightly again, returning to the initial sealed state, waiting for the next spray command.

[0034] A limiting groove 41 is correspondingly provided on the inner wall of the fixed cylinder 4. By setting the limiting groove 41, the movement of the fixed column 5 can be limited. On the one hand, it prevents the fixed column 5 from leaving the inside of the fixed cylinder 4, and on the other hand, it ensures that the fixed column 5 can only move up and down.

[0035] The fixed column 5 has a second toothed plate 51 fixedly installed on both sides, and the second toothed plate 51 is meshed with the gear 364. The meshing of the second toothed plate 51 and the gear 364 is a rigid transmission with a constant transmission ratio. This means that the rotation angle of the gear 364 is exactly the same each time the fixed column 5 retracts the same distance, thus ensuring the high repeatability of the amount of liquid sprayed and the spraying time each time, making the size and shape of the marking point uniform. Two sliders 52 are fixedly installed on the surface of the fixed column 5. The sliders 52 are slidably connected to the limiting groove 41. Through the cooperation of the sliders 52 and the limiting groove 41, the fixed column 5 is prevented from detaching from the fixed cylinder 4, and the fixed column 5 can only move up and down.

[0036] The elastic element 30 includes two support rods 301 and two springs 302 fixed inside the fixed cylinder 4. The fixed column 5 is slidably connected to both support rods 301, and one end of each spring 302 is fixedly connected to the fixed column 5. When the fixed column 5 moves upward, it simultaneously compresses the two springs 302 fixed to it. The springs 302 convert mechanical energy into elastic potential energy through elastic deformation and store it. The fixed column 5 is slidably connected to the two support rods 301, which are vertically fixed inside the fixed cylinder 4, forming a double-rod guide structure. During the upward movement of the fixed column 5, the support rods 301 restrict its lateral displacement, preventing the fixed column 5 from tilting due to uneven driving force or vibration caused by the shape memory alloy 20. This ensures that the ultrasonic probe 6 retracts along a straight path and remains perpendicular to the large shaft surface. After the ultrasonic probe 6 passes over an obstacle, the springs 302 storing elastic potential energy begin to release energy, pushing the fixed column 5 downward along the support rods 301 until it returns to the initial detection position.

[0037] like Figure 9 As shown, the positioning seat 40 includes a base plate 401 and two support plates 402 fixed to the base plate 401. A bidirectional screw 403 is rotatably connected inside the base plate 401. A throttle 404 is fixedly installed at one end of the bidirectional screw 403. Two clamping plates 405 are threadedly connected to the surface of the bidirectional screw 403, and both clamping plates 405 are slidably connected to the base plate 401. The throttle 404 drives the bidirectional screw 403 to rotate inside the base plate 401. As the bidirectional screw 403 rotates, the two clamping plates 405 move relative to each other along the sliding track of the base plate 401 under the action of threaded transmission. This can clamp and fix both ends of the shaft, realizing precise centering and stable fixation of the shafts of turbines of different diameters.

[0038] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0039] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic automatic flaw detection device, comprising a frame (1), characterized in that: The frame (1) is equipped with a drive component (2), a movable plate (3) is provided on the surface of the drive component (2), a fixed cylinder (4) is fixedly installed inside the movable plate (3), a fixed column (5) is slidably connected inside the fixed cylinder (4), an ultrasonic probe (6) is fixedly installed at one end of the fixed column (5), a circular frame (7) is fixedly installed outside the ultrasonic probe (6), an electromagnetic coil (8) is fixedly installed inside the circular frame (7), a high-frequency power supply (9) is fixedly installed inside the movable plate (3), and the high-frequency power supply (9) is electrically connected to the electromagnetic coil (8) through a wire. A heating plate (10) is fixedly installed inside the fixed cylinder (4), and the high-frequency power supply (9) is electrically connected to the heating plate (10) through a wire. A memory alloy (20) is fixedly installed on one side of the heating plate (10), and one end of the memory alloy (20) is fixedly connected to the fixed column (5). Two elastic elements (30) are fixedly installed inside the fixed cylinder (4), and the fixed column (5) is connected to both elastic elements (30). A positioning seat (40) is fixedly installed inside the frame (1).

2. The ultrasonic automatic flaw detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive component (2) includes a motor (21) and a threaded rod (22) rotatably connected inside the frame (1). The motor (21) is fixedly connected to the frame (1), and the threaded rod (22) is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor (21). A limit rod (23) is fixedly installed inside the frame (1).

3. The ultrasonic automatic flaw detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A threaded plate (31) is fixedly installed on one side of the movable plate (3). The threaded plate (31) is threadedly connected to the threaded rod (22). Two limiting plates (32) are fixedly installed on one side of the threaded plate (31), and both limiting plates (32) are slidably connected to the limiting rod (23).

4. The ultrasonic automatic flaw detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A liquid storage tank (33) is fixedly installed on one side of the movable plate (3). The two ends of the liquid storage tank (33) are connected to the conduit (34). A one-way valve (35) is installed on one side of the conduit (34). A squeezing component (36) is installed at the bottom of the movable plate (3). One end of the conduit (34) is connected to the squeezing component (36), and the fixed column (5) is connected to the squeezing component (36) in a transmission connection. One end of the squeezing component (36) is connected to several spraying components (37).

5. The ultrasonic automatic flaw detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The extrusion component (36) includes an arc-shaped shell (361) and two connecting plates (362) fixed on one side of the arc-shaped shell (361). Both connecting plates (362) are fixedly connected to the moving plate (3). An inclined plate (363) is installed on one side of each of the two connecting plates (362). A gear (364) is rotatably connected between the two inclined plates (363). Two convex plates (365) are fixedly installed on one side of the arc-shaped shell (361). A pressure plate (366) is slidably connected on one side of the arc-shaped shell (361), and the pressure plate (366) is slidably connected to the two convex plates (365). A first toothed plate (367) is fixedly installed on one side of the pressure plate (366), and the first toothed plate (367) is meshed with the gear (364). An arc-shaped piston plate (368) is slidably connected inside the arc-shaped shell (361), and the pressure plate (366) is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped piston plate (368).

6. The ultrasonic automatic flaw detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The ejector (37) includes a nozzle (371) and a limiting ring (372) fixed inside the nozzle (371). Four hinge seats (373) are fixedly installed on one side of the limiting ring (372). A sealing plate (374) is rotatably connected to one side of the hinge seat (373). Two rotating rods (375) are fixedly installed inside the sealing plate (374), and both rotating rods (375) are rotatably connected to the hinge seat (373). Torsion springs (376) are fixedly installed on the surface of both rotating rods (375), and one end of the torsion spring (376) is fixedly connected to the inside of the hinge seat (373).

7. The ultrasonic automatic flaw detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inner wall of the fixed cylinder (4) is provided with a corresponding limiting groove (41).

8. The ultrasonic automatic flaw detection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fixed column (5) has a second toothed plate (51) fixedly installed on both sides, and the second toothed plate (51) is meshed with the gear (364). Two sliders (52) are fixedly installed on the surface of the fixed column (5), and the sliders (52) are slidably connected with the limiting groove (41).

9. The ultrasonic automatic flaw detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic element (30) includes two support rods (301) and two springs (302) fixed inside the fixed cylinder (4). The fixed column (5) is slidably connected to the two support rods (301), and one end of each of the two springs (302) is fixedly connected to the fixed column (5).

10. The ultrasonic automatic flaw detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning seat (40) includes a base plate (401) and two support plates (402) fixed on the base plate (401). A bidirectional screw (403) is rotatably connected inside the base plate (401). A throttle (404) is fixedly installed at one end of the bidirectional screw (403). Two clamping plates (405) are threadedly connected to the surface of the bidirectional screw (403), and both clamping plates (405) are slidably connected to the base plate (401).

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