Apparatus and method for operating synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block and system information on demand in wireless communication system

Abstract

An object of the present disclosure is to operate a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel block (SSB) and system information in an on-demand manner in a wireless communication system, and a method performed by a UE in a wireless communication system may comprise the steps of: receiving a first synchronization signal in a first frequency band; receiving second system information in the first frequency band; receiving configuration information related to the second frequency band based on the first synchronization signal and the first system information; transmitting a first signal requesting a second synchronization signal or second system information in a second frequency band; and receiving a second signal including a second synchronization signal or second system information in a second frequency band.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The following description relates to wireless communication systems, and more specifically, to an apparatus and method for operating SSBs (Synchronization Signal / Physical Broadcast Channel Blocks) and system information in a wireless communication system on demand. Background Technology

[0002] 5G mobile communication systems, as the successor to LTE, represent a new state of mobile communication characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, to mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and to high-frequency bands above 24 GHz (such as millimeter waves). 6G systems are being developed based on the fundamental technologies of 5G mobile communication.

[0003] The 6G system aims to achieve: (i) extremely high data rates per device; (ii) a massive number of connected devices; (iii) global connectivity; (iv) ultra-low latency; (v) low-power, battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices; (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity; and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be summarized in four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Technical issues

[0005] This disclosure aims to provide an apparatus and method for efficiently operating SSB (Synchronization Signal / Physical Broadcast Channel Block) and system information in a wireless communication system in an on-demand manner.

[0006] This disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for efficiently supporting network power saving (NES) operation of a base station in a wireless communication system.

[0007] This disclosure aims to provide an apparatus and method for providing configuration information related to a signal used to request the transmission of SSB or system information in a wireless communication system.

[0008] This disclosure aims to provide an apparatus and method for providing configuration information related to a signal provided in a wireless communication system that corresponds to a signal used to request the transmission of SSB or system information.

[0009] This disclosure aims to provide an apparatus and method for selecting a frequency band in a wireless communication system for transmitting a signal requesting the transmission of an SSB or system information.

[0010] This disclosure aims to provide an apparatus and method for providing information in a wireless communication system regarding criteria for selecting a frequency band for transmitting a signal requesting the transmission of SSB or system information.

[0011] This disclosure aims to provide an apparatus and method for requesting the transmission of SSB or system information in an SSB-free cell of a wireless communication system.

[0012] This disclosure aims to provide an apparatus and method for indicating the target of a request between an SSB and system information in a wireless communication system.

[0013] This disclosure aims to provide an apparatus and method for requesting the transmission of SSB or system information via step-by-step signaling in a wireless communication system.

[0014] This disclosure aims to provide an apparatus and method for determining, in a wireless communication system, a time period during which SSB or system information is expected to be received in response to a request.

[0015] The technical objectives to be achieved by this disclosure are not limited to those mentioned above, and those skilled in the art to which the technical solutions of this disclosure pertain may consider other unmentioned technical tasks from the embodiments of this disclosure that will be described below.

[0016] Technical solution

[0017] In one example of this disclosure, a method performed by a UE in a wireless communication system may include: receiving a first synchronization signal in a first frequency band; receiving second system information in the first frequency band; receiving configuration information related to the second frequency band based on the first synchronization signal and the first system information; transmitting a first signal requesting the second synchronization signal or the second system information in the second frequency band; and receiving a second signal including the second synchronization signal or the second system information in the second frequency band. The configuration information includes at least one of information related to resources for transmitting the first signal or information related to the second signal.

[0018] In one example of this disclosure, a method performed by a base station in a wireless communication system may include: transmitting a first synchronization signal in a first frequency band; transmitting second system information in the first frequency band; transmitting configuration information related to a second frequency band based on the first synchronization signal and the first system information; receiving a first signal requesting the second synchronization signal or the second system information in the second frequency band; and transmitting a second signal including the second synchronization signal or the second system information in the second frequency band. The configuration information includes at least one of information related to resources for transmitting the first signal or information related to the second signal.

[0019] In one example of this disclosure, a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system includes a transceiver and a processor connected to the transceiver, wherein the processor can be configured to: receive a first synchronization signal in a first frequency band; receive second system information in the first frequency band; receive configuration information related to a second frequency band based on the first synchronization signal and the first system information; transmit a first signal requesting the second synchronization signal or the second system information in the second frequency band; and receive a second signal including the second synchronization signal or the second system information in the second frequency band. The configuration information includes at least one of information related to resources for transmitting the first signal or information related to the second signal.

[0020] In one example of this disclosure, a base station in a wireless communication system includes a transceiver and a processor connected to the transceiver, wherein the processor can be configured to: transmit a first synchronization signal in a first frequency band; transmit second system information in the first frequency band; transmit configuration information related to a second frequency band based on the first synchronization signal and the first system information; receive a first signal requesting the second synchronization signal or the second system information in the second frequency band; and transmit a second signal including the second synchronization signal or the second system information in the second frequency band. The configuration information includes at least one of information related to resources for transmitting the first signal or information related to the second signal.

[0021] In one example of this disclosure, a communication device may include at least one processor and at least one computer memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, indicate boot operations including: receiving a first synchronization signal in a first frequency band; receiving second system information in the first frequency band; receiving configuration information related to a second frequency band based on the first synchronization signal and the first system information; transmitting a first signal requesting the second synchronization signal or the second system information in the second frequency band; and receiving a second signal including the second synchronization signal or the second system information in the second frequency band. The configuration information includes at least one of information related to resources for transmitting the first signal or information related to the second signal.

[0022] In one example of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing at least one instruction includes at least one instruction executable by a processor, wherein the at least one instruction directs means to: receive a first synchronization signal in a first frequency band; receive second system information in the first frequency band; receive configuration information related to a second frequency band based on the first synchronization signal and the first system information; transmit a first signal requesting the second synchronization signal or the second system information in the second frequency band; and receive a second signal including the second synchronization signal or the second system information in the second frequency band. The configuration information includes at least one of information related to resources for transmitting the first signal or information related to the second signal.

[0023] The above aspects of this disclosure are merely some preferred embodiments of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art can deduce and understand various embodiments reflecting the technical features of this disclosure based on the detailed description of this disclosure below.

[0024] Beneficial effects

[0025] According to the embodiments based on this disclosure, the following effects can be obtained.

[0026] According to this disclosure, SSB (Synchronization Signal / Physical Broadcast Channel Block) and system information can be operated efficiently.

[0027] The effects obtainable from the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited to those described above, and those skilled in the art to which the technical features of this disclosure are applied can clearly deduce and understand other effects not explicitly described based on the embodiments of this disclosure described below. In other words, those skilled in the art can also deduce from the embodiments of this disclosure unintended effects resulting from implementing the configurations described in this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0028] FIG. 1 Examples of flexible network topologies applicable to this disclosure are illustrated.

[0029] FIG. 2 Examples of structures applicable to wireless communication systems disclosed herein are illustrated.

[0030] FIG. 3 Examples of wireless devices applicable to this disclosure are illustrated.

[0031] FIG. 4 An example is illustrated of a communication process applicable to the first node and the second node of this disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 5 Examples of common functional architectures related to both function-based lifecycle management (LCM) and model-based LCM are illustrated.

[0033] FIG. 6 Examples of operational procedures applicable to the artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) models disclosed herein are illustrated.

[0034] FIG. 7 Examples of electromagnetic spectrum applicable to this disclosure are illustrated.

[0035] FIG. 8 An example is illustrated of the process for transmitting system information for THz communication that can be applied to this disclosure.

[0036] FIG. 9 Examples of beam management procedures applicable to this disclosure are illustrated.

[0037] FIG. 10a Examples of general NTN (non-terrestrial network) scenarios based on transparent and efficient payloads that can be applied to this disclosure are illustrated.

[0038] FIG. 10b Examples of general NTN scenarios based on regenerative high-efficiency payloads applicable to this disclosure are illustrated.

[0039] FIG. 11a An example illustrating the components of the Orbital Parameter Ephemeris (OPE) format is shown.

[0040] FIG. 11b An example of an offset in a satellite-related link is shown.

[0041] FIG. 11c An example of timing advance (TA) value in a satellite-related link is shown.

[0042] FIG. 12a and FIG. 12b Examples of sensing operations applicable to this disclosure are illustrated.

[0043] FIG. 13 Examples of time / frequency resources applicable to sensing operations in this disclosure are illustrated.

[0044] FIG. 14 Examples of processes related to sensing operations that can be applied to this disclosure are illustrated.

[0045] FIG. 15 An example of the operation process of a base station that can be applied to the Network Energy Saving (NES) technology of this disclosure is illustrated.

[0046] FIG. 16 Examples of procedures applicable to this disclosure for carrier aggregation (CA) operations using asynchronous signal / physical broadcast channel block (SSB) secondary cells (SCells) are provided.

[0047] FIG. 17a to FIG. 17cExamples of on-demand system information sending methods applicable to this disclosure are provided.

[0048] FIG. 18 Examples of frequency bands operated by base stations according to embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated.

[0049] FIG. 19 Examples of processes for providing communication services based on multiple frequency bands according to embodiments of the present disclosure are provided.

[0050] FIG. 20 Examples of processes for performing communication based on multiple frequency bands according to embodiments of the present disclosure are provided.

[0051] FIG. 21 An example is given of the execution of the on-demand SSB / SIB1 (System Information Block 1) process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0052] FIG. 22 An example is given of a process for receiving an SSB or SIB (System Information Block) based on an on-demand scheme according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0053] FIG. 23 Examples illustrating the process of sending SSBs or SIBs (System Information Blocks) based on an on-demand scheme according to embodiments of this disclosure.

[0054] FIG. 24 An example is given of performing the on-demand SSB / SIB1 (System Information Block 1) process using multiple frequency bands according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0055] In this disclosure, "A or B" can mean "A only", "B only", or "both A and B". In other words, in this disclosure, "A or B" can be interpreted as "A and / or B". For example, in this disclosure, "A, B or C" can mean "A only", "B only", "C only", or "any combination of A, B, and C".

[0056] The forward slash ( / ) or comma used in this disclosure may mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B". Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "A only", "B only", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C".

[0057] In this disclosure, "at least one of A and B" can mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". Furthermore, in this disclosure, the expression "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" can be interpreted as "at least one of A and B".

[0058] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "at least one of A, B, and C" can mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B, and C". Additionally, "at least one of A, B, or C" or "at least one of A, B, and / or C" can mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0059] Furthermore, the parentheses used in this disclosure can indicate "for example". Specifically, when expressed as "control information (ABC)", "ABC" can describe an example of "control information". For example, "control information" can also include DEF as another example. In other words, the "control information" of this disclosure is not limited to "ABC", and "ABC" can only describe an example of "control information". Moreover, even when expressed as "control information (i.e., ABC)", "ABC" can also describe an example of "control information".

[0060] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., used in this disclosure are only used to distinguish one component from another and are not used to limit these components, and unless otherwise specified, do not limit the order, importance, etc., of the components. Therefore, a first component in one embodiment of this disclosure may be referred to as a second component in another embodiment, and similarly, a second component in one embodiment may be referred to as a first component in another embodiment.

[0061] In the following description, “when…”, “if…”, or “in the case of…” can be replaced with “based on”.

[0062] In this disclosure, a technical feature described individually in a figure may be implemented individually or together.

[0063] In this disclosure, a terminal refers to a user-side device (UE, UE) or a consumer-side device, and may also be referred to as a first node that receives or transmits signals to a base station / second node / Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) node or Transmit-Receive Point (TRP). A terminal may correspond to a physical node or a logical node. A terminal may correspond to an intermediate point between a user-side endpoint or other endpoints. In communication between two points (including one-to-one, many-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many communication) not limited to endpoints, a terminal may correspond to a served node. A terminal may be a node with a fixed location or a node with a non-fixed location (i.e., a mobile node).

[0064] In this disclosure, a base station (BS) refers to a network-side device and may also be referred to as a second node, an IAB node, an x-NodeB (where x may be an abbreviation related to Radio Access Technology (RAT)), or a Transmit-Receive Point (TRP). A base station may correspond to a physical node or a logical node. A base station may correspond to an intermediate point between network-side endpoints or other endpoints. In communication between two points (including one-to-one, many-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many communication) not limited to endpoints, a base station may correspond to a serving node. A base station may be a node with a fixed location or a node with a variable location.

[0065] In this disclosure, higher-layer parameters can be configured, pre-configured, or predefined for the UE. For example, the base station can send higher-layer parameters to the UE. For example, the UE can send parameters such as capabilities to the base station as higher-layer parameters. For example, higher-layer parameters can be sent via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling or Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling.

[0066] In this disclosure, when information / status / parameters are "configured or pre-configured," it can be interpreted as the information / status / parameters being provided or pre-provided to the UE via predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC) from the base station. In this disclosure, when information / status / parameters are "defined or pre-defined," it can be interpreted as the information / status / parameters being known or stored in advance at both the base station and the UE without the need for signaling between them.

[0067] The techniques described in this disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA). CDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) / GSM Evolution Enhanced Data Rate (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), or 5G New Radio (NR).

[0068] The technologies described in this disclosure can be implemented as 6G wireless technologies and can be applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key elements such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0069] A.6G network architecture

[0070] FIG. 1 Examples of flexible network topologies applicable to this disclosure are provided.

[0071] To compensate for incomplete network coverage areas, a more flexible and resilient split radio access network (RAN) topology can be considered. For this purpose, applications such as... FIG. 1 The examples illustrate various nodes such as IAB nodes, repeaters, and RF repeaters, and can also integrate NTN (non-terrestrial network). For instance, an IAB node can correspond to a node that provides wireless backhaul. A repeater can refer to any intermediate point, and in the case of a UE acting as a side-link repeater, it can be collectively referred to as a UE-to-network (U2N) repeater and a UE-to-UE (U2U) repeater. An RF repeater can correspond to a node that performs simple signal amplification and transfer, and in the case of a network-controlled repeater, it can not only perform signal amplification and transfer but also adjust transmit and receive configurations based on information provided from the network. An NTN node can correspond to a satellite or aircraft that provides NTN coverage that is difficult for terrestrial networks to provide. In addition to these examples, various other intermediate points can be introduced to improve the network topology.

[0072] Reference FIG. 1 A split RAN can support dividing a base station into a centralized unit (CU) and one or more distributed units (DUs). CUs and DUs can correspond to logical units. A CU can be further divided into a control plane (CP) portion and one or more user plane (UP) portions. Faults in a CU-CP can affect not only CU-UPs but also DUs; therefore, various intermediate points can be introduced to compensate for this.

[0073] Intermediate nodes can correspond to either a UE or a base station based on their relative relationship with other nodes. For example, an IAB node may include a Mobile Terminal (MT) portion and a DU. The MT can connect the IAB node to a donor node. The DU of an IAB node can provide services to other UEs or connect to another IAB node to provide multi-hop radio backhaul to the UE. In other words, an IAB node can correspond to a base station in relation to user-side nodes, and to a UE in relation to network-side nodes.

[0074] In some examples of this disclosure, the description of the UE can be applied equally not only to the user-side endpoint but also to the intermediate point corresponding to the UE in relation to the network-side endpoint. Similarly, in some examples of this disclosure, the description of the base station can be applied equally not only to the network-side endpoint but also to the intermediate point corresponding to the base station in relation to the user-side endpoint. However, where no additional description is provided for the operation of three or more entities in most cases, the communication entities in this disclosure are briefly described by the terms UE and / or base station (or first node and / or second node), wherein the terms UE and / or base station (or first node and / or second node) are to be interpreted as including or replacing any endpoint or intermediate point depending on the relationship with other nodes.

[0075] In other words, in some examples of this disclosure, for the sake of brevity, the subjects of the operation may be referred to as a base station and / or a UE (or a first node and / or a second node). Furthermore, the terms base station and / or UE (or a first node and / or a second node) may be interpreted or replaced as follows: for example, the base station (or the first node) and the UE (or the second node) may correspond to a first endpoint and a second endpoint, respectively; they may correspond to an endpoint and an intermediate point, respectively; they may correspond to an intermediate point and an endpoint, respectively; or they may correspond to a first intermediate point and a second intermediate point, respectively.

[0076] In this disclosure, there may be no intermediate point between the base station and the UE, or there may be one or more intermediate points. When an intermediate point exists, it may correspond to an IAB node, repeater, RF repeater, non-terrestrial network (NTN) node, or a node supporting other functions. The intermediate point may be a node with a fixed location or a node with a variable location.

[0077] System suitable for the present disclosure

[0078] FIG. 2 Examples of structures applicable to wireless communication systems according to this disclosure are provided. Application of this disclosure... FIG. 2The communication system 100 includes a wireless device 110, a network device 120, and a network 130. Here, the wireless device 110 refers to a device that performs communication using radio access technologies (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, 5G, 5G-A, 6G) and may be referred to as a communication / radio / 5G / 6G device. Not limited thereto, the wireless device 110 may include robots 110a, vehicles 110b-1 and 110b-2, extended reality (XR) devices 110c, handheld devices 110d, home appliances 110e, Internet of Things (IoT) devices 110f, and artificial intelligence (AI) devices / servers 110g. For example, vehicles may include vehicles with wireless communication capabilities, autonomous vehicles, or vehicles capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, and vehicles 110b-1 and 110b-2 may include unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) such as drones. XR device 110c may include augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), or mixed reality (MR) devices, and may be implemented as a head-up display (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) installed in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, or a robot. Handheld device 110d may include a smartphone, a smart tablet, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), or a computer (e.g., a laptop computer). Home appliance 110e may include a television, a refrigerator, or a washing machine. IoT device 110f may include sensors or smart meters. Wireless device 110 may correspond to a UE (or a first node) or an intermediate point. Network device 120 may correspond to a base station (or a second node) or another intermediate point. For example, network device 120 may also be implemented as wireless device 110, and a particular wireless device 120a may act as a network device 120 for another wireless device 110.

[0079] Wireless devices 110a to 110f can be connected to network 130 via network device 120. AI technology can be applied to wireless devices 110a to 110f, and wireless devices 110a to 110f can be connected to AI server 110g via network 130. Network 130 can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, or a 6G network. Wireless devices 110a to 110f can communicate with each other via network device 120 / network 130, but can also communicate directly without going through network device 120 / network 130 (e.g., via sidelink communication). For example, vehicles 110b-1 and 110b-2 can perform direct communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). Furthermore, IoT device 110f (e.g., a sensor) can perform direct communication with another IoT device (e.g., another sensor) or with another wireless device 110a to 110f.

[0080] Wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c can be established between wireless devices 110a to 110f and network device 120, as well as among network devices 120. Here, the wireless communication / connections can be established using various wireless access technologies, such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication), and communication between network devices 150c (e.g., relay, integrated access backhaul (IAB)). Through wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c, wireless devices can send and receive wireless signals to and from each other, as well as between network devices. For example, wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c can send and receive signals through various physical channels. Therefore, based on the various descriptions of this disclosure, at least a portion of various configuration information, various signal processing procedures (e.g., channel coding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation procedures can be executed for configuring the process of sending / receiving wireless signals.

[0081] Device suitable for the present disclosure

[0082] FIG. 3 Examples of wireless devices applicable to this disclosure are illustrated.

[0083] Reference FIG. 3 The wireless device 200 can transmit / receive radio signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, pre-LTE-A, NR, 5G, 5G-A, 6G). The wireless device 200 may include at least one processor 202 and at least one memory 204, and further include at least one transceiver 206 and / or at least one antenna 208.

[0084] Processor 202 may be configured to control memory 204 and / or transceiver 206 and implement the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, processor 202 may generate a first information / signal by processing information in memory 204 and then transmit a radio signal including the first information / signal via transceiver 206. Additionally, processor 202 may receive a radio signal including a second information / signal via transceiver 206 and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the second information / signal in memory 204. Memory 204 may be connected to processor 202 and store various information associated with the operation of processor 202. For example, memory 204 may store software code including instructions for implementing some or all of the processes controlled by processor 202 or for implementing the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, processor 202 and memory 204 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology. Transceiver 206 may be connected to processor 202 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via at least one antenna 208. Transceiver 206 may be a transmitter and / or a receiver. Transceiver 206 may be used interchangeably with a radio frequency (RF) unit. In this disclosure, wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0085] The hardware elements of the wireless device 200 will be described in further detail below. Although not limited thereto, at least one processor 202 may implement at least one protocol layer (e.g., functional layers such as Physical (PHY), Media Access Control (MAC), Radio Link Control (RLC), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), Radio Resource Control (RRC), and Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP)). At least one processor 202 may generate at least one Protocol Data Unit (PDU) and / or at least one Service Data Unit (SDU) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. At least one processor 202 may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. At least one processor 202 may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this document and provide such signals to at least one transceiver 206. At least one processor 202 may receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from at least one transceiver 206 and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information, in accordance with the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0086] At least one processor 202 may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. At least one processor 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, at least one specific integrated circuit (ASIC), at least one digital signal processor (DSP), at least one digital signal processing device (DSPD), at least one programmable logic device (PLD), or at least one field-programmable gate array (FPGA) may be included in at least one processor 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, processes, or functions. Firmware or software configured to execute the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be included in at least one processor 202, or may be stored in at least one memory 204 and executed by at least one processor 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or instruction sets.

[0087] At least one memory 204 may be connected to at least one processor 202 and store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. At least one memory 204 may be configured as read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard disk, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. At least one memory 204 may be located internally and / or externally to at least one processor 202. Furthermore, at least one memory 204 may be connected to at least one processor 202 via various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0088] At least one transceiver 206 can transmit user data, control information, and radio signals / channels mentioned in the methods and / or operation flowcharts of this document to at least one other device. At least one transceiver 206 can receive user data, control information, and radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document from at least one other device. For example, at least one transceiver 206 can be connected to at least one processor 202 to transmit and receive radio signals. For example, at least one processor 202 can control at least one transceiver 206 to transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to at least one other device. Additionally, at least one processor 202 can control at least one transceiver 206 to receive user data, control information, or radio signals from at least one other device. Furthermore, at least one transceiver 206 can be connected to at least one antenna 208, and at least one transceiver 206 can be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, and radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document via at least one antenna 208. In this document, at least one antenna may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). At least one transceiver 206 can convert received radio signals / channels from RF band signals to baseband signals to facilitate processing of received user data, control information, and radio signals / channels using at least one processor 202. At least one transceiver 206 can convert user data, control information, and radio signals / channels processed using at least one processor 202 from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, at least one transceiver 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0089] Reference FIG. 3 The components of the described wireless device may be referred to by other terms in terms of their function. For example, processor 202 may be referred to as a control unit, transceiver 206 as a communication unit, and memory 204 as a storage unit. In some cases, "communication unit" may be used to mean at least a portion of processor 202 and transceiver 206.

[0090] Reference FIG. 3 The described wireless device structure can be understood as at least a part of various device structures. For example, FIG. 3 The illustrated wireless device structure can be compared with the reference FIG. 2 At least a portion of the various devices described (e.g., robots 110a, vehicles 110b-1 and 110b-2, XR device 110c, handheld device 110d, home appliance 110e, IoT device 110f, and AI device / server 110g) correspond to each. Furthermore, according to various embodiments, in addition toFIG. 3 In addition to the exemplified components, the device may also include other components.

[0091] For example, the device can be a handheld device, such as a smartphone, smart tablet, wearable device (e.g., smartwatch, smart glasses), and handheld computer (e.g., laptop computer, etc.). In this case, the device may further include at least one of the following: a power supply unit that supplies power and includes wired / wireless charging circuitry, a battery, etc.; an interface unit that includes at least one port for connecting to another device (e.g., an audio input / output port, a video input / output port); and an input / output unit for inputting and outputting video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from the user.

[0092] For example, the device can be a mobile device, such as a mobile robot, vehicle, train, manned / unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), and ship. In this case, the device may further include at least one of the following: a drive unit, which includes at least one of the device's engine, electric motor, power transmission system, wheels, brakes, and steering mechanism; a power supply unit, which supplies power and includes wired / wireless charging circuitry, batteries, etc.; a sensor unit, which senses state information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings; an autopilot unit, which performs functions such as route maintenance, speed control, and destination setting; and a position measurement unit, which obtains the location information of the moving object through a Global Positioning System (GPS) and various sensors.

[0093] For example, the device can be an XR device, such as an HMD, a head-up display (HUD) provided in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, and a robot. In this case, the device may further include at least one of the following: a power supply unit that supplies power and includes wired / wireless charging circuitry, a battery, etc.; an input / output unit that receives control information and data from the outside and outputs the generated XR object; and a sensor unit that senses state information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings.

[0094] For example, the device may be a robot, which can be classified according to its purpose or field of use, such as industrial use, medical use, domestic use, military use, etc. In this case, the device may further include at least one of the following: a sensor unit that senses state information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings; and a drive unit that moves the robot joints and performs various other physical operations.

[0095] For example, the device can be an AI device such as a television, projector, smartphone, personal computer, laptop computer, digital broadcasting terminal, tablet PC, wearable device, set-top box (STB), radio, washing machine, refrigerator, digital signage, robot, and vehicle. In this case, the device may also include at least one of the following: an input unit that receives various types of data from the outside; an output unit that generates outputs associated with vision, hearing, or touch; a sensor unit that senses state information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings; and a training unit that uses learning data to learn a model composed of an artificial neural network.

[0096] FIG. 3 The structure of the illustrated wireless device can be understood as part of a UE (or first node), part of an intermediate point, or part of a base station (or second node). When FIG. 3 When the illustrated device is a base station (or a second node), it may further include a wired transceiver for fronthaul and / or backhaul communications. However, when fronthaul and / or backhaul communications are based on wireless communication, a wired transceiver may be used. FIG. 3 At least one transceiver 206 is illustrated for forward and / or backhaul communication, and may not include a wired transceiver.

[0097] B. Communication procedure

[0098] FIG. 4 An example illustrating a communication process applicable to this disclosure between a first node (e.g., a UE) and a second node (e.g., a base station). FIG. 1 The second node can support Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) and can provide connectivity not only to nodes implementing 6G technology but also to nodes implementing pre-6G wireless communication technologies (such as 5G and 4G). In other words, FIG. 1 The first node can implement 6G technology, or it can implement pre-6G wireless communication technologies (such as 5G, 4G). In addition, the first node and / or the second node can support not only non-overlapping full-duplex mode, but also full-duplex mode.

[0099] exist FIG. 4 For the sake of brevity, it is assumed that the first node and the second node are the UE and the base station, respectively, and the operations of UE440 sending and / or receiving data with base station 420 and the operations performed before them are illustrated. FIG. 1 The operation is not limited to the operation between the UE and the base station, and can be interpreted as the operation between the first node and the second node. Furthermore, although... FIG. 1This example illustrates a direct wireless signal transmission / reception operation between UE 440 and base station 420, but there may be one or more intermediate points between UE 440 and base station 420, and wireless signals may be transmitted and received through one or more intermediate points.

[0100] Reference FIG. 4 In step 401, UE 440 and base station 420 perform synchronization. For example, UE 440 may perform an initial cell search operation. Specifically, UE 440 may detect at least one synchronization signal for base station connection transmitted by base station 420 according to predefined rules. Here, the synchronization signal may include multiple synchronization signals classified according to structure or purpose (e.g., a first synchronization signal (e.g., a primary synchronization signal), a second synchronization signal (e.g., a secondary synchronization signal), etc.). Through this operation, UE 440 can identify the boundaries of units (e.g., frames, subframes, time slots, and / or symbols) that configure the radio signal transmission of base station 420, and can obtain information related to base station 420 (e.g., cell identifier).

[0101] In step 403, UE 440 obtains system information sent from base station 420. System information is information related to the attributes, characteristics, and / or capabilities of base station 420 that is necessary for the UE to access base station 420 and use services. It can be categorized according to content (e.g., whether it is necessary for access), transmission structure (e.g., which channel is used, whether it is provided on demand), etc. For example, system information can be divided into first system information (e.g., main information block (MIB), main system information) and second system information (e.g., system information block (SIB), secondary system information). If necessary, UE 440 may send a signal requesting system information before receiving it. However, the request and provision of system information can be performed after the random access procedure described below.

[0102] In step 405, UE 440 and base station 420 perform a random access procedure. UE 440 may send and / or receive at least one message for the random access procedure (e.g., random access preamble, random access response (RAR) message, etc.) based on channel information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, supported preamble structure, etc.) related to the random access procedure of base station 420 obtained through system information. For example, UE 440 may send a first message (e.g., preamble, MSG1), receive a second message (e.g., RAR message, MSG2) through the channel used for the random access procedure, send a third message (e.g., MSG3) to base station 420 including information related to UE 440 (e.g., identification information) using scheduling information included in the second message, and receive a fourth message (e.g., MSG4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. In another example, the first and third messages may be sent and received as a single message, or the second and fourth messages may be sent and received as a single message.

[0103] In step 407, UE 440 and base station 420 perform signaling interaction for control information. Here, control information can be defined in various layers, such as layers for controlling connections (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer), layers for handling the mapping between logical channels and transport channels (e.g., Medium Access Control (MAC) layer), and layers for handling physical channels (e.g., Physical (PHY) layer). For example, UE 440 and base station 420 can perform at least one of the following signaling: signaling for establishing a connection, signaling for determining communication-related configurations, and signaling for indicating allocated resources.

[0104] In step 409, UE 440 and base station 420 transmit and / or receive data. In other words, UE 440 and base station 420 can process and transmit and / or receive data based on signaling of control information. For example, when transmitting data, UE 440 or base station 420 can perform at least one of channel coding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and resource mapping on the information bits. Conversely, when receiving data, UE 440 or base station 420 can perform at least one of extracting signals from resources, waveform demodulation per antenna, signal arrangement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and channel decoding.

[0105] C. 6G system core technology

[0106] As the core implementation technology of 6G systems, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), terahertz (THz) communication, optical wireless technology, free space light (FSO) backhaul network, massive MIMO technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cellless communication, wireless information and power transfer (WIET), integrated sensing and communication, integrated access and backhaul network, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large smart surfaces (LIS) can be adopted.

[0107] C-1. Artificial Intelligence

[0108] Introducing artificial intelligence (AI) into communications can simplify and enhance real-time data transmission. AI can determine how to perform complex tasks by using extensive analysis. In other words, AI can improve efficiency and reduce processing latency. Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly by AI. AI can also play an important role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. Furthermore, AI can enable high-speed communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, smart structures, smart networks, smart devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0109] [Functional Framework]

[0110] The following describes the functional framework used for AI / ML operations.

[0111] To describe AI (or AI / ML) more specifically, the terminology can be defined as follows.

[0112] - Data Acquisition: Data collected from network nodes, management entities, or user interfaces (UEs) is used as the basis for AI model training, data analysis, and inference.

[0113] -AI Model: A data-driven algorithm that applies AI technology to generate a set of outputs, including predictive information and / or decision parameters, based on a set of inputs.

[0114] -AI / ML Training: The online or offline process of training an AI model by learning functions and patterns that best represent the data and enable inference.

[0115] -AI / ML Inference: The process of predicting or deriving decisions based on collected data and the AI ​​model using a trained AI model.

[0116] The lifecycle management (LCM) process of AI / ML models (i.e., model training, model deployment, model inference, model monitoring, model updates, etc.) can be categorized into function-based LCM and model-based LCM. In function-based LCM, the AI / ML model may not be identifiable in the network, and the network can instruct the activation / deactivation / rollback / switching of AI / ML functions. In model identifier (ID)-based LCM, the AI / ML model can be identified in the network, and the network / UE can activate / deactivate / select / switch the AI / ML model via the model ID.

[0117] FIG. 5 Examples of general functional architectures related to both function-based LCM and model-based LCM are provided. FIG. 5 Some functions or parts of the data / information / command flow (i.e., arrows) shown in the examples can be omitted.

[0118] Reference FIG. 5 The general functional framework can be configured to include data acquisition function 510, model training function 520, management function 530, inference function 540, and model storage function 550.

[0119] Data acquisition function 510 provides input data to model training function 520, management function 530, and inference function 540. Data acquisition function 510 can perform data preparation based on raw data and can provide processed input data through this data preparation. Examples of raw data may include received or measured data from the UE or other network entities, as well as inference results or outputs from AI / ML models. Data acquisition function 510 can be performed by a single entity (e.g., UE, network node, etc.) or by multiple entities.

[0120] Here, training data 511 refers to the data required as input to the AI / ML model training function 520. Monitoring data 512 refers to the data required as input to the AI / ML model or AI / ML function management function 530. Inference data 513 refers to the data required as input to the AI / ML inference function 530.

[0121] The model training function 520 performs AI / ML model training, validation, and testing that can generate model performance metrics that can be used as part of the AI / ML model testing process. When necessary, the model training function 520 can perform data preparation (such as data preprocessing and cleaning, formatting, and transformation) based on the training data 511 transmitted from the data acquisition function 510.

[0122] Trained / updated model 521: If model storage function 550 exists, it is used to transfer trained, validated and tested AI / ML models to model storage function 550, or to transfer updated versions of models to model storage function 550.

[0123] Management function 530 supervises the operation of AI / ML models or AI / ML functions. In addition, management function 530 can make decisions based on data received from data acquisition function 510 (i.e., monitoring data 512) and / or data received from inference function 540 (i.e., inference output 541) to ensure appropriate inference operations.

[0124] Management instruction 532 refers to the information required as input to management inference function 540. This information may include the selection / deactivation / switching of an AI / ML model or AI / ML-based function, and may also include fallback to non-AI / ML operations (i.e., operations independent of the inference process).

[0125] Model transfer / delivery request 533 can be used to request one or more models from model storage function 550.

[0126] Performance feedback / retraining request 531 refers to the information required as input to model training function 520 (e.g., for model retraining or model update purposes).

[0127] The inference function 540 uses the data provided by the data acquisition function 510 (i.e., inference data 513) as input to apply an AI / ML model or AI / ML function to provide output. The inference function 540 can perform data preparation (e.g., data preprocessing and cleaning, formatting, and transformation) based on the inference data 513 transmitted by the data acquisition function 510. If necessary, the inference function 540 can also perform data preparation (e.g., data preprocessing and cleaning, formatting, and transformation) based on the inference data 513 provided by the data acquisition function 510.

[0128] Inference output 541 is data used by management function 530 to monitor the performance of AI / ML models or AI / ML functions. Inference output 541 may include the inference output of the AI / ML model generated by inference function 540, and the details of the inference output may vary depending on the use case.

[0129] The model storage function 550 stores the trained / updated model that can be used to perform the inference function 540. FIG. 5 The illustrated model storage function 550 can serve as a reference point for protocol termination, model transfer / transmission, and related processes where applicable. Furthermore, the model storage function 550 is merely an example and is not intended to limit the actual storage location of AI / ML models; this function can be omitted.

[0130] Model transfer / delivery 551 is used to deliver AI / ML models to inference functions.

[0131] Based on the AI / ML capabilities of multiple nodes, the collaboration level can be defined as follows, and can be modified by combining multiple levels or separating any one level.

[0132] Level 0a) No collaborative framework: AI / ML algorithms are purely based on the implementation method and do not require any modification to the wireless interface.

[0133] Level 0b) This level corresponds to a non-cooperative framework, but involves a modified wireless interface adapted for efficient implementation of AI / ML algorithms.

[0134] Level 1 involves node-to-node assistance to improve the AI / ML algorithm on each node. For example, this applies when a particular node receives assistance from another node (for training, adaptation, etc.) and vice versa. At this level, model exchange between network nodes is not required.

[0135] Level 2) enables joint AI / ML operations across multiple nodes. This level requires AI / ML model commands or exchanges between network nodes.

[0136] FIG. 5 This is an illustration of the overall functional framework of an AI / ML model, and FIG. 5 Not all functions and / or all data / information / command signals illustrated herein can be executed within a specific node; perhaps only a portion of them will be executed.

[0137] AI / ML models can be classified as one-sided or two-sided models based on whether training and / or inference are performed within a single node or jointly / sequentially across multiple nodes.

[0138] A one-sided model can refer to an AI / ML model inference performed entirely by a single node (e.g., UE or network). Here, training of the AI / ML model can also be performed entirely by a single node. Training and inference of the AI / ML model can be performed by the same node, or they can be performed by different nodes.

[0139] Two-sided models refer to AI / ML models that perform joint inference across multiple nodes (e.g., UE and network). Joint inference means that inference is performed jointly across multiple nodes; for example, the first part of the inference can be performed by the first node, while the remaining part can be performed by the second node. Two-sided models can be classified into several types based on the training methods used to train AI / ML models.

[0140] - Type 1: AI / ML models can be trained at a single node. In this case, joint training can be performed. The trained model can then be distributed to other nodes or entities.

[0141] - Type 2: Joint training of AI / ML models can be performed at multiple nodes or entities (e.g., network and UE). Joint training can refer to training model generation (e.g., CSI generation part) and model reconstruction (for CSI compression of sub-use cases) on forward activation and backward gradients within the same loop. Under this type, joint training can include both synchronous training (i.e., performing model generation training and model reconstruction training simultaneously) and sequential training (i.e., performing model reconstruction training after model generation training).

[0142] - The third type: AI / ML models can be trained separately at multiple nodes (e.g., network and UE). Separate training can refer to starting training sequentially at one node and then continuing training at another node. In this case, when the first node executes the AI / ML model first and shares training data with the second node, the second node can use the shared training data to execute the AI / ML model. For example, the training of the CSI generation part can be performed by the UE, while the CSI reconstruction can be performed by the network.

[0143] In this disclosure described below, even if not specifically mentioned (i.e., not explicitly referenced as such as by / based on / for AI / ML models), the operations presented in this disclosure may be described or interpreted as being based on AI / ML models, such as FIG. 6 exemplified. FIG. 6 Examples of operational procedures applicable to the AI / ML model-based methods disclosed herein are provided.

[0144] Furthermore, unless otherwise specifically defined in the description of this disclosure, AI / ML models may correspond to a one-sided model in which inference is performed entirely by a single node, or a two-sided model in which joint inference is performed across multiple nodes.

[0145] Step 1: In the description provided below, signaling (e.g., information / data / channel / signaling, etc.) between a specific node (e.g., UE, network, etc.) and another node, even if not explicitly mentioned, can be interpreted as the signaling or set of signaling used in Step 1 to perform operations based on the AI / ML model. For example, such signaling may correspond to... FIG. 2The illustrated training data used for AI / ML model training (i.e., generation and / or reconstruction), or inference data applied to AI / ML model inference, or corresponding feedback to the AI / ML model. Step 1 can be omitted if signaling between nodes is not required before the AI / ML model-based operations in this disclosure. When a one-sided model is used in this disclosure, the one-way / two-way signaling (sets) in this disclosure can correspond to the signaling in step 1. Furthermore, when a two-sided model is used in this disclosure, the one-way / two-way signaling in this disclosure can also correspond to the signaling in step 1, and repeated signaling operations can also correspond to the signaling in step 1.

[0146] For example, in AI / ML model-based beam management (BM), when the base station predicts (i.e., infers) a high-quality beam based on the AI / ML model, the base station can receive quality / strength information of multiple beams from the UE. Similarly, when the UE predicts (i.e., infers) a high-quality beam based on the AI / ML model, the UE can receive multiple beams from the base station.

[0147] Step 2: In the description provided below, the operations performed at a specific node (e.g., UE, network, etc.) or the joint operations performed at multiple nodes (e.g., UE, network, etc.) may correspond to the operations of Step 2 based on one or more functions within the AI / ML model functional framework, even if not explicitly mentioned. For example, this may correspond to... FIG. 2 The illustrated AI / ML model is trained (i.e., generated and / or reconstructed) or inferred. When using a one-sided model, the operation performed by a single node in this disclosure can correspond to the operation in step 2; furthermore, when using a two-sided model, the joint operation performed by multiple nodes in this disclosure can correspond to the operation in step 2.

[0148] For example, in a BM based on an AI / ML model, the base station can use the quality / strength information of multiple beams received from the UE as inference data and predict (i.e., infer) a high-quality beam based on the AI / ML model. Similarly, the UE can measure multiple beams received from the base station, use the measurement results as inference data, and predict (i.e., infer) a high-quality beam based on the AI / ML model.

[0149] Step 3: In the description provided below, the signaling (e.g., information / data / channel / signaling, etc.) between a specific node (e.g., UE, network, etc.) and another node, even if not explicitly mentioned, can be interpreted as the signaling or set of signaling in Step 3 generated based on the operational results of the AI / ML model. For example, this could correspond to... FIG. 2The output obtained from the AI / ML model inference illustrated. If the operation results based on the AI / ML model in this disclosure do not require signaling between nodes, then step 3 can be omitted. When a one-sided model is used in this disclosure, the one-way / two-way signaling (sets) in this disclosure can correspond to the signaling in step 3. Furthermore, when a two-sided model is used in this disclosure, the one-way / two-way signaling in this disclosure can also correspond to the signaling in step 3, and repeated signaling operations can also correspond to the signaling in step 3.

[0150] For example, in a BM based on an AI / ML model, the base station can send one or more beams predicted by the AI / ML model as candidate beams to the UE, allowing the UE to determine the optimal beam. Furthermore, the UE can report one or more beams predicted by the AI / ML model as candidate beams to the base station, requesting the base station to send candidate beams for determining the optimal beam.

[0151] C-2.THz Communication

[0152] Data transmission rates can be increased by expanding bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as submillimeter-wave radiation, generally refer to the frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, corresponding to wavelengths of 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The frequency range of 100 GHz–300 GHz (sub-THz band) is considered the main part of the THz band for cellular communication. Adding sub-THz bands to the millimeter-wave band can increase the capacity of 6G cellular communication. Among the defined THz bands, the 300 GHz–3 THz range belongs to the far-infrared (IR) frequency region. The 300 GHz–3 THz range is part of the optical band, but it is located at its boundary, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, the 300 GHz–3 THz range exhibits similarities to the RF band. FIG. 7 Examples of electromagnetic spectrum applicable to this disclosure are shown. FIG. 7 The implementation can be combined with various other implementations. Key characteristics of THz communication include (i) a wide range of available bandwidth supporting extremely high data transmission rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring in the high-frequency band (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beamwidth generated by highly directional antennas can reduce interference. The short wavelength of THz signals allows for the integration of a much larger number of antenna elements in devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array techniques that overcome range limitations.

[0153] In the THz band, transmitting system information (i.e., information related to base station attributes, characteristics, and / or capabilities required for service use, such as MIB and SIB) can be inefficient because beamwidth is narrower in higher frequencies, requiring more frequent beam scans to cover the entire cell area. This inefficiency is even lower when the number of users within a cell is small. Therefore, alternative methods such as... FIG. 8 The illustrated system information sending process.

[0154] (System Information Receiving Method)

[0155] FIG. 8 An example of an information transmission process applicable to a THz communication system according to this disclosure is provided. Although this example is described considering a THz scenario, it can also be applied to 6G communication environments that do not use THz. Furthermore, FIG. 8 The illustrated processes can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure described below. For example, the embodiments described below can be based on... FIG. 8 The system information obtained from the illustrated process is used for execution.

[0156] Reference FIG. 8 In step 801, base station 820 transmits system information for cell #1 through cell #2. That is, base station 820 provides at least two cells, where cell #1 uses the THz frequency band, and cell #2 uses a frequency band other than the THz frequency band. Here, the system information may include at least one of the information / status / parameter / configuration generated at each of the higher and physical layers. For example, at least one of the information / status / parameter / configuration generated at the higher layer may include SFN, SIB1 control information configuration (e.g., SIB1 PDCCH configuration), cell selection / entry related information (e.g., cell prohibition, cell reselection, etc.), and at least one of subcarrier spacing; at least one of the information / status / parameter / configuration generated at the physical layer may include SFN, half-frame indicator, and at least one of SSB index. However, this is only an example; the system information may include information / status / parameter / configuration related to cell #1 and / or cell #2 generated at various types of physical layers and higher layers. Therefore, in one example, cell #1 and cell #2 may have a secondary cell and primary cell relationship.

[0157] In step 803, UE 810 obtains synchronization for cell #1. This synchronization can be obtained by detecting a synchronization signal. Normally, synchronization is obtained before receiving system information; however, since the system information for cell #1 is received via cell #2, synchronization acquisition for cell #1 can be performed after receiving the system information. For example, UE 810 can obtain synchronization based on the system information. But compared to... FIG. 8In contrast, in another example, synchronous fetching can be performed before step 801.

[0158] In step 805, UE 810 transmits a signal for accessing cell #1. For example, this signal may include information for accessing cell #1 (e.g., a random access preamble). The structure of the signal and the resources (e.g., channels) used to transmit it can be determined through system information. Subsequently, in step 807, UE 810 and base station 820 perform the access procedure for cell #1 and initiate communication. In this step, operations corresponding to various embodiments described below can be performed.

[0159] Reference FIG. 8 The described procedure can be performed when UE 810 initially accesses cell #1 of base station 820. Alternatively, a similar procedure can be performed when UE 810 is handed over to cell #1 of base station 820. However, in the case of handover, the system information of cell #1 can be received from a cell of another base station, rather than from cell #2 of base station 820.

[0160] Communication in the THz band is expected to encounter significant path loss. To overcome this problem, the UE and base station must use extremely narrow beams. The use of narrow beams means that the UE and base station must perform beam control during beamforming, and the number of beams used becomes very large. Therefore, beam alignment between the base station and UE for transmission and reception takes a considerable amount of time. Furthermore, when beam alignment between the base station and UE is disrupted due to UE movement or mobility, frequent beam realignment is required, which can cause link instability. Therefore, methods such as... FIG. 9 The illustrated beam management process.

[0161] (Beam search process in THz communication environment)

[0162] FIG. 9 Examples of beam management procedures applicable to this disclosure are provided. FIG. 9 An example of a beam search and / or selection process for THz communication is shown, but this disclosure is not limited to THz environments and can also be applied to 6G communication environments. Furthermore, FIG. 9 The illustrated process can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure described below. Here, the term beam can be interpreted as “spatial (configuration) information,” “spatial domain filter,” “spatial domain transmit filter,” “spatial domain receive filter,” or other terms with equivalent technical meaning that can distinguish a beam (e.g., reference signal, synchronization signal block (SSB) index, transmit / receive point (TRP), panel, cell, transmit point (TP), base station, or control resource related information, such as control resource set (CORESET) related information).

[0163] Reference FIG. 9 In step 901, base station 920 configures resources for beam management. Here, resources may include at least one of time-frequency resources, channels, and spatial resources (e.g., antenna ports). For example, base station 920 may utilize a beam search signal (BSS) for beam searching, which is spatially separated from existing downlink signals / channels. Here, the BSS may be transmitted based on a specific port for beam searching. This specific port may be different from the port used to transmit existing downlink signals / channels (e.g., synchronization signals such as SSBs or data channels such as physical downlink shared channels). The term BSS is defined for ease of explanation, and the technical concept of this embodiment is not limited to the term BSS itself. That is, signals transmitted based on specific ports defined / configured for beam searching are all within the scope of the technical concept of this embodiment.

[0164] In step 903, base station 920 transmits measurement signals using multiple transmit beams. For example, the measurement signals may include at least one of a reference signal and a synchronization signal. In this case, the measurement signals can be transmitted for all beams that need to be measured, and a multi-beam transmission method can be used, which can simultaneously form multiple beams to reduce scan time. Here, multi-beam transmission can be performed based on at least one of multiple panels, subarrays, and true time delay (TTD).

[0165] In step 905, UE 910 sends a feedback signal to base station 920. This feedback signal indicates at least one beam selected by UE 910. UE 910 can select at least one preferred beam based on the measurement signal received in step 903. In step 907, UE 910 and base station 920 communicate. At this time, UE 910 and base station 920 can perform communication using the beam selected in step 905. When channel reciprocity is established, the transmission beam of UE 910 can also be determined through steps 903 and 905; therefore, the transmission operation of UE 910 can be performed using the beam selected in step 905. If channel reciprocity is not established, a process including UE 910 transmitting a measurement signal and base station 920 transmitting a feedback signal can be pre-executed to determine the transmission beam of UE 910. In step 907, operations corresponding to various embodiments described below can be performed.

[0166] C-3. Non-terrestrial Network (NTN)

[0167] NTN can refer to a network or network segment that uses radio frequency (RF) resources mounted on satellites (or unmanned aerial vehicle (UAS) platforms). The use of NTN services is considered to provide wireless communication services to areas requiring wider coverage or where terrestrial base stations are difficult to install. NTN services can be collectively referred to as wireless communication systems that provide services to a UE by installing base stations on non-terrestrial platforms such as satellites (e.g., geostationary, low Earth orbit, or medium Earth orbit satellites), aircraft, unmanned airships, or drones. The satellites described in this disclosure can move at high speeds relative to specific locations on Earth, and the satellite beams pointed towards Earth can correspond to the Earth region where the satellite can provide services to the user.

[0168] In one example of this disclosure, NTN scenarios can be categorized into stationary cell scenarios and moving cell scenarios based on the cell type supported by the satellite. A stationary cell scenario refers to a scenario where cells are permanently maintained within a specific location on the surface or maintained for a specific service duration based on satellite beamforming capabilities. A moving cell scenario refers to a scenario where cells on the surface continuously move without using satellite beamforming capabilities and by providing service through fixed beams.

[0169] In another example of this disclosure, based on the characteristics of the high-efficiency payload, NTN scenarios can be classified into typical NTN scenarios based on transparent high-efficiency payloads and typical NTN scenarios based on regenerative high-efficiency payloads. FIG. 10a Examples of typical NTN scenarios applicable to this disclosure based on transparent and efficient payloads are provided. FIG. 10b Examples of typical NTN scenarios applicable to this disclosure based on regenerative high-efficiency payloads are provided. FIG. 10a or FIG. 10b The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure. See also... FIG. 10a The satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with the UE. The satellite (or UAS platform) can connect to the NTN gateway via a feed link. The satellite can then connect to the data network through this gateway. The beam coverage area refers to the region where the signal transmitted by the satellite can be received. (See reference...) FIG. 10b A satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with the UE. A satellite (or UAS platform) connected to the UE can connect to another satellite (or another UAS platform) via an inter-satellite link (ISL). The other satellite (or another UAS platform) can connect to the gateway via a feed link. Based on regenerative high-efficiency payloads, a satellite can connect to the data network via another satellite and a gateway. When there is no inter-satellite link (ISL) between satellites, a feed link between the satellite and the gateway is necessary. FIG. 10a and FIG. 10bThis is merely an example of an NTN scenario; NTN can be implemented based on various types of scenarios. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) can implement a transparent high-efficiency payload or a regenerative high-efficiency payload (with on-board processing). For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) can generate multiple beams within a specified service area based on its field of view. For example, the field of view of a satellite (or UAS platform) can vary depending on the onboard antenna pattern and minimum elevation angle. For example, a transparent high-efficiency payload may include RF filtering, frequency conversion, and signal amplification, so the waveform signal repeated by the high-efficiency payload remains unchanged. For example, a regenerative high-efficiency payload may include RF filtering, frequency conversion, signal amplification, demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and encoding / modulation. For example, the functionality of a regenerative high-efficiency payload is essentially equivalent to configuring all or part of the functions of a base station on a satellite (or UAS platform).

[0170] The following describes the processes used to maintain network service continuity and satellite coverage in wireless communication systems that utilize NTN elements (e.g., initial cell selection, mobility management in idle mode, and mobility management in connected mode).

[0171] - Initial cell selection process

[0172] After the UE is powered on, it can search for the first satellite-based NTN cell (or the satellite broadcasting the cell's signal). If the UE already possesses satellite orbit information (i.e., ephemeris data) and / or round-trip time (RTT) information, which can be used during cell access procedures (e.g., random access procedures), the UE can utilize this information to shorten the cell search process and reduce the time required for cell search. To this end, the UE needs to acquire (initial) system information, including satellite orbit (ephemeris) information, to identify the precise location of the cell. This (initial) system information can be configured / determined / generated based on the orbital plane information already held by the UE. For example, the UE can be provided in advance with satellite-level orbital parameters of all satellites that can provide services to it via its uSIM, including satellite IDs or indices. Subsequently, since the system information includes and broadcasts the satellite IDs of the serving satellites, the UE can use these satellite IDs to deduce the relevant orbital data (ephemeris data) and / or the location coordinates of the serving satellites stored in the uSIM. Furthermore, to assist in mobility management, the UE can obtain relevant information about neighboring satellites through system information and / or specific RRC signaling.

[0173] Here, the satellite orbit (ephemeris) information sent to the UE through system information and / or RRC signaling can be implemented / supported in the following two formats: i) position-velocity state vector orbit format; and ii) orbit parameter (ephemeris) format. For example, the position-velocity state vector orbit format can include 17 bytes or less (i.e., 132 bits). The field size for position (x, y, z) (in meters) can be 78 bits, and the field size for velocity (vx, vy, vz) (in meters per second) can be 54 bits.

[0174] The orbit parameter ephemeris format can consist of 21 bytes or fewer bytes (e.g., 164 bits). FIG. 11a Illustrate an example of the components of the orbit parameter ephemeris format. FIG. 11a The components of the illustrated orbit parameter ephemeris format are as follows.

[0175] - Semi-major axis (half of the major axis of the satellite's elliptical orbit) "α" [in meters] (e.g., 33 bits)

[0176] - Eccentricity "e" (in the satellite's elliptical orbit, where 0 < e < 1) (e.g., 20 bits)

[0177] - Argument of perigee (the angle measured from the ascending node to the perigee (the point closest to the central body), thus determining the orientation of the ellipse in the orbital plane) "ω" [in radians] (e.g., 28 bits)

[0178] - Longitude of the ascending node (the angle measured counterclockwise from a reference point (e.g., the vernal equinox of the solar system) to the ascending node (the point where the orbit crosses from below the reference plane to above)) "Ω" [in radians] (e.g., 28 bits)

[0179] - Inclination (the tilt of the ellipse relative to the reference plane, measured as the angle between the orbital plane and the reference plane at the ascending node) "i" [in radians] (e.g., 27 bits)

[0180] - Mean anomaly (an angle that varies continuously with time, having mathematical convenience but not corresponding to a geometric angle) "M" = mean anomaly M(t0) at epoch time t0 [in Julian days] [in radians] (e.g., 28 bits)

[0181] - Mobility management in idle mode

[0182] During idle mode, the UE's location can be identified at the tracking area level or at the tracking area cell level. Here, a tracking area is defined as a group of cells, and each cell can belong to a tracking area identified by a Tracking Area Code (TAC). The TAC can be sent via system information broadcast channel. Multiple cells can belong to the same tracking area, and the same TAC corresponding to that same tracking area can be broadcast. The UE's location can be known to the network when the UE is first powered on (i.e., during the registration process). The registration request message sent by the UE for the registration process can include the TAC of the cell where the UE is currently camped. When the UE moves and changes cells, it can determine the tracking area of ​​the new cell by decoding the system information of the new cell. The UE can move within the same tracking area without performing an update. When the UE enters a new cell with a different TAC, the UE can perform registration in the new cell and send a new TAC to update its location to the network. Therefore, the larger the tracking area becomes, the less signaling the UE sends to the network, thereby minimizing the UE's power consumption. When the network needs to locate a UE in idle mode (e.g., for call access), it can page the UE in all cells belonging to the tracking area (TAC) where the UE last registered. If the tracking area is very large and includes multiple cells, the network needs to page the UE in all cells to which the TAC belongs, increasing the number of paging messages. When this same pattern is applied to a satellite system where each satellite broadcasts a TAC, the tracking area can be scanned across regions on the ground as the satellite orbits the Earth. In this case, even a stationary UE needs to frequently perform registration updates, which affects the UE's battery life and increases uplink signaling. To solve this problem, the system can be designed so that the tracking area does not change its geographical location on Earth. The alternative tracking area moves with the satellite, which can switch its tracking area when entering a new geographical area, and the satellite-broadcast TAC can be updated to reflect the corresponding new geographical area. Simultaneously, when the UE detects a new TAC on the broadcast channel, it can perform a tracking area update process. Therefore, if the UE does not change its physical location on Earth, its tracking area can remain fixed.

[0183] - Mobility management in connected mode

[0184] While the UE is in connected mode, mobility management can be handled through handover. In terrestrial or NTN networks, handover can be triggered by the network based on signal quality measurements of the current cell and neighboring cells reported by the UE (i.e., measurement-based handover triggering). During handover, the service interruption time is defined as the time from when the UE stops transmitting and receiving with the source base station to when the UE resumes transmitting and receiving with the target base station. The interruption times for uplink and downlink can differ. In the downlink, the interruption time can be defined as the time from when the network sends a synchronized RRC reconfiguration message to when the target base station receives an RRC reconfiguration completion message. After sending the RRC reconfiguration message, the base station can no longer transmit data and can only resume communication after receiving the RRC reconfiguration completion message. In the uplink, the UE can theoretically continue transmitting data to the source base station before receiving the synchronized RRC reconfiguration message. In this case, the interruption time can be defined as the time from when the UE receives the synchronized RRC reconfiguration message to when the target base station receives the RRC reconfiguration completion message.

[0185] Because the propagation delay in satellite-based NTNs is much greater than that in terrestrial systems, additional latency may occur for mobility-related signals (e.g., measurement reports, handover (HO) command reception, HO requests / acknowledgments (when the target cell is served by another satellite)). Geostationary orbit (GEO) scenarios are characterized by significantly greater propagation delays than low Earth orbit (LEO) scenarios, but LEO scenarios require consideration of satellite movement. To avoid prolonged service interruptions, latency related to mobility-related signaling needs to be addressed in both scenarios. In addition to measurement-based handover as described above, the following handover triggering methods can also be used: handover triggering based on the UE's position relative to the satellite (or the distance between the UE and the satellite), handover triggering based on the target cell timing lead (TA), handover triggering based on deterministic satellite motion / local time, and handover triggering based on the source / target cell elevation angle. Additionally or alternatively, handover configuration and handover triggering conditions (e.g., UE / satellite position, or signal strength transmitted by the UE / satellite) can be provided to the UE in advance. For example, the UE can receive handover configuration and handover triggering conditions through information related to the new cell to which it will be handed over. Therefore, the UE can monitor the handover conditions and perform handover to the target cell when the conditions are met.

[0186] Furthermore, as mentioned above, since the round-trip time (RTT) of a wireless communication system using NTN elements is much greater than that of a terrestrial communication system, various offsets and TA values ​​can be configured / defined / indicated / signaled to achieve efficient time and frequency synchronization. The following section describes the offsets (e.g., K_offset and k_mac), TA values, efficient duration, and epoch time used for time / frequency synchronization in NTN-based wireless communication systems.

[0187] - K_offset and k_mac

[0188] FIG. 11b Example of offset in a satellite-related link. FIG. 11b The K_offset example represents the offset value corresponding to the RTT of the uplink time synchronization reference point (RP). Here, K_offset can correspond to the sum of the serving link RTT and the common TA (if indicated). FIG. 11b The k_mac example represents the offset value corresponding to the RTT between the RP and the base station. For example, k_offset can be applied to at least one of the following: i) PUSCH transmission timing based on DCI and PUSCH scheduled by DCI, ii) PUSCH transmission timing based on Random Access Response (RAR), iii) PUSCH transmission timing based on configuration grant, iv) PUCCH transmission timing based on MsgB, and v) transmission timing of aperiodic SRS / CSI resources. For example, k_mac can be applied to UE actions and assumptions associated with downlink configuration indicated by the MAC-CE command on the PDSCH. During beam fault recovery, for PRACH transmission in uplink slot n, the UE can monitor the corresponding PDCCH starting from downlink slot "n + k_mac + 4" within the corresponding RAR window.

[0189] Cell-specific K_offsets can be signaled via NTN-related system information (e.g., NTN-specific SIBs). The range of cell-specific K_offset values ​​(0 to 1023 milliseconds) can cover all scenarios. Differential UE-specific K_offsets can be signaled via MAC CE, and the corresponding differential UE-specific values ​​can range from 0 to 63 milliseconds. The total UE-specific K_offset value equals the cell-specific K_offset value minus the differential UE-specific K_offset value. The network can provide k_mac when downlink and uplink frame timings at the base station are misaligned. k_mac updates are not supported, and their value range is 1 to 512 milliseconds. When the UE does not receive a k_mac value from the network, the UE can assume k_mac = 0. In FR1, the reference SCS value for the K_offset unit can be 15 kHz.

[0190] - UE-specific TA and public TA

[0191] In NTN-based communication systems, the UE can calculate the TA based on its GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) capabilities (e.g., UE location) and higher-level parameters associated with satellite ephemeris transmitted from the base station. This TA is referred to as UE-specific. When no higher-layer parameters associated with satellite ephemeris are received from the base station, the UE-specific TA can be set to 0. Therefore, the TA calculated based on common TA parameters (such as TACommon, TACommonDrift, and / or TACommonDriftVariation) sent as higher-layer parameters from the base station is called the common TA. When the base station does not send common TA parameters, the common TA can be set to 0. Therefore, in an NTN-based communication system, the total TA value (T_TA) can be determined by... The calculation is as follows. Here, N_TA,offset represents the TA offset value provided to the UE for each serving cell, and N_TA represents the value derived based on the timing advance command.

[0192] FIG. 11c Example of timing advance (TA) values ​​in satellite-related links. FIG. 11c As shown, the calculation of the UE-specific TA is used to compensate for the transmission delay on the serving link, while the calculation of the common TA is used to compensate for the transmission delay between the RP and the satellite.

[0193] - High efficiency duration and epoch time

[0194] The efficient duration refers to the (maximum) time interval during which the UE can apply previously acquired auxiliary information (such as ephemeris of serving and / or neighboring satellites and common TA parameters) without needing to acquire new auxiliary information (from the epoch time). Configuration information related to the efficient duration can be broadcast by the base station to each cell via system information related to the NTN (such as SIB19). For example, the range of efficient durations can include, but is not limited to, {5 seconds, 10 seconds, 15 seconds, 20 seconds, 25 seconds, 30 seconds, 35 seconds, 40 seconds, 45 seconds, 50 seconds, 55 seconds, 60 seconds, 120 seconds, 180 seconds, 240 seconds, 900 seconds}. An efficient timer configured with an efficient duration value can (re)start at the epoch time of the auxiliary information. If new or additional auxiliary information is unavailable within the efficient duration, the UE can assume that uplink synchronization has been lost.

[0195] The ephemeris and common TA parameters of the serving satellite can be signaled in the same SIB message and can share the same epoch time. When the epoch time is explicitly provided via SIB, the epoch time of the auxiliary information (i.e., satellite ephemeris and common TA parameters) corresponds to the start time of the DL subframe indicated by the SFN and subframe number signaled along with the auxiliary information. When the epoch time is not explicitly indicated via SIB, the epoch time of the auxiliary information can be implicitly assumed to be the end time of the SI window for transmitting NTN-specific system information (e.g., SIB19). When the epoch time is provided via dedicated signaling, the epoch time of the auxiliary information corresponds to the start time of the DL subframe and can be represented by the SFN and subframe number.

[0196] For the serving cell, when the epoch time is explicitly indicated by the SFN and subframe number, the UE can identify the corresponding frame as the frame corresponding to the next SFN after receiving the frame indicating the current SFN or epoch time. For neighboring cells, when the epoch time is explicitly indicated by the SFN and subframe number, the UE can identify the corresponding frame as the frame closest to receiving the frame indicating the epoch time.

[0197] C-4. Sensor and Communication Integration (ISAC)

[0198] Radio sensing is a technology that uses the instantaneous flux velocity, angle, and distance (range) of an object to obtain information related to environmental characteristics and / or the characteristics of objects within that environment. Because RF sensing does not require connecting objects to devices via a network, it can provide object location services without the need for dedicated equipment. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals enables a variety of novel functions, such as object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, drones), high-precision positioning, tracking, and activity recognition. Radio sensing services can provide information to various industries (e.g., drones, smart homes, connected vehicles, factories, railways, public safety, etc.) to support applications such as intrusion detection, assisted driving and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health or traffic monitoring. In some cases, radio sensing can employ non-3GPP sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to additionally support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of a radio sensing service, i.e., sensing operation, can depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering of radio sensing signals. Therefore, radio sensing can provide an opportunity to upgrade existing communication systems from communication networks to radio communication and sensing networks.

[0199] FIG. 12a and FIG. 12b Examples of sensing operations applicable to this disclosure are shown. FIG. 12a and FIG. 12b The embodiments shown can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure. Specifically, FIG. 12a An example is given of sensing using a sensor receiver and sensor transmitter located in the same location (e.g., monostatic sensing). FIG. 12b Examples of sensing using separate sensing receivers and sensing transmitters (e.g., bistatic sensing) are shown.

[0200] For example, in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network according to this disclosure, referring to FIG. 12a The sensing transmitter and sensing receiver can be configured to be included in a single base station (i.e., the same base station) or a single UE (i.e., the same UE). Conversely, refer to FIG. 12b The sensing transmitter and sensing receiver can be configured to be included in different base stations, different UEs, or separately in the UE and the base station.

[0201] Based on whether the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are included in the base station or the UE, the following six sensing modes can be defined: - Mode 1: A mode in which the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are included in a single base station (e.g., a base station-based sensing mode in a monobase mode). - Mode 2: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in a first base station and the sensing receiver is included in a second base station different from the first base station (e.g., a base station-based sensing mode in a bistatic mode). - Mode 3: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in the base station and the sensing receiver is included in the UE (e.g., base station to UE sensing mode). - Mode 4: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in the UE and the sensing receiver is included in the base station (e.g., UE-to-base station sensing mode). - Mode 5: A mode in which the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are included in a single UE (e.g., a UE-based sensing mode in monobase mode). - Mode 6: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in a first UE and the sensing receiver is included in a second UE that is different from the first UE (e.g., a UE-based sensing mode in a bipolar mode). In the 6G network-based wireless communication system according to this disclosure, one or more of the above six sensing modes can be used independently or in combination.

[0202] Combination FIG. 12a and FIG. 12b In the illustrated sensing operation, the sensing transmitter may transmit sensing signals for sensing one or more objects (and / or their surrounding environment). For example, this sensing signal may correspond to a radio frequency signal that can be transmitted by a base station or UE in a 6G-based wireless communication system according to this disclosure. The sensing receiver may receive signals scattered or reflected by one or more objects (and / or their surrounding environment) from the sensing signals transmitted by the sensing transmitter. At the sensing receiver, sensing data can be derived from the scattered / reflected signals, and sensing results can be generated or obtained through processing the sensing data. Here, the sensing results may include characteristic information (e.g., position, distance, velocity, angle, etc.) of one or more objects (and / or their surrounding environment). The sensing results generated or obtained in this manner may be used for radio sensing services (e.g., object and / or environment detection or tracking) provided by the 6G-based wireless communication system according to this disclosure, or may be provided / disclosed to a trusted third party.

[0203] Additionally, although FIG. 12a and FIG. 12b The sensing operation described in the text is a representative example of operation in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network, but it can also be extended and applied to situations using UEs / base stations / signals based on previous generations (such as 4G, 5G, etc.).

[0204] Furthermore, regarding the radio sensing described in this disclosure, in a 6G network-based wireless communication system according to this disclosure, the time-frequency resources for sensing operations and the time-frequency resources for general communication (e.g., uplink / downlink / sidelink-based communication) can be scheduled / configured separately.

[0205] FIG. 13 Examples of time-frequency resources applicable to sensing operations in this disclosure are provided. FIG. 13 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0206] Reference FIG. 13 For the above sensing operations (e.g., based on) FIG. 12a and FIG. 12b The time-frequency resources (hereinafter referred to as sensing resources) for sensing operations can be configured / allocated separately from the time-frequency resources (hereinafter referred to as communication resources) used for general communication.

[0207] For example, such as FIG. 13 As illustrated, sensing resources can be configured or allocated in the time domain on a per-symbol basis and / or in the frequency domain on a per-resource-block basis. Resources other than those configured or allocated as sensing resources can be used as general communication resources. That is, for the operation of the base station / UE, sensing and communication resources can be configured or allocated based on a time-division multiplexing (TDM) scheme and / or a frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) scheme. Additionally or alternatively, with FIG. 13 Unlike the example shown, sensing resources can be configured or allocated in the time domain based on other units (such as time slots, frames, or absolute time such as milliseconds or microseconds) and / or in the frequency domain based on other units (such as subcarriers, carriers, or absolute frequencies such as megahertz or gigahertz).

[0208] Additionally or alternatively, the configuration / allocation / scheduling of the general communication resources described in this disclosure may need to consider the relationship between such resources and the aforementioned sensing resources. For example, when configuring or allocating general communication resources according to embodiments of this disclosure, these resources may be configured / allocated to perform rate matching or puncturing operations on resource areas corresponding to sensing resources. For example, when scheduling general communication resources according to embodiments of this disclosure, these resources may be scheduled so that they do not overlap with resource areas corresponding to sensing resources. In embodiments of this disclosure, if the resource areas corresponding to general communication resources and sensing resources are configured / allocated / scheduled to overlap, one or both operations may be abandoned, skipped, or postponed based on priority or predefined rules. That is, in embodiments of this disclosure, resources related to general communication (e.g., signal / channel path resources related to data / control based on uplink / downlink / sidelink) are preferably configured / allocated / scheduled to not overlap with the aforementioned sensing resources.

[0209] Additionally, various channel modeling methods can be applied to the radio sensing described in this disclosure. Channel modeling related to sensing can refer to constructing paths for transmitting and / or receiving sensing signals and / or scattered / reflected signals, a process that takes into account the object to be sensed and / or its environment. Since channel modeling can be relevant to the performance and requirements of sensing in a wireless communication system, it can be an important aspect of verifying the feasibility of sensing functionality.

[0210] Sensing-related channels can be categorized into channels between the object (e.g., the target of interest) and the sensing transmitter / receiver, and channels between the object's environment and the sensing transmitter / receiver. Sensing-related channel modeling can be classified based on the sensing mode (e.g., the six modes mentioned above), whether the target of interest is an object or the environment, and / or the sensing scenario. For example, channel modeling for targets in a base station / UE-based monostatic sensing mode, channel modeling for targets in a base station / UE-based bistatic sensing mode, channel modeling for the environment in a base station / UE-based monostatic sensing mode, and channel modeling for the environment in a base station / UE-based bistatic sensing mode can be differentiated and configured respectively. For example, when classifying multiple sensing scenarios, channel modeling can be divided into channel modeling for detection, localization, and tracking scenarios, channel modeling for action recognition, and channel modeling for imaging or environment reconstruction scenarios. Additionally, sensing-related channel modeling can be based on statistical channel modeling techniques and / or deterministic channel modeling techniques. For example, sensing modeling in the 6G network-based wireless communication system of this disclosure can be based on stochastic geometric channel modeling techniques and / or hybrid channel modeling techniques including ray tracing channel modeling. Here, stochastic geometric channel models can be based on various statistical properties of channel conditions. Furthermore, hybrid channel models can be based on both ray tracing and stochastic techniques. In the case of a hybrid approach, channel modeling for objects requiring high accuracy and consistency (e.g., targets of interest) can be performed using ray tracing techniques, while channel modeling for the environment can be performed using stochastic techniques.

[0211] FIG. 14 Examples of processes related to sensing operations applicable to this disclosure are provided. FIG. 14 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0212] For example, in the 6G-based wireless communication system of this disclosure, when the UE participates in sensing operations, the base station may need to identify the UE's capabilities related to the sensing operations. To this end, the UE can be configured to report capability information to the base station, indicating whether it supports sensing operations. Alternatively or additionally, if the UE is predefined by the specification as supporting sensing operations, this process can be omitted. Furthermore, when only the base station participates in the sensing operations, the base station can be configured to report capability information indicating whether it supports sensing operations to the entity that configures or controls its sensing operations (e.g., a higher-level network entity above the base station).

[0213] For example, the base station can interact with the UE via signaling to exchange configuration information related to sensing operations. For instance, the base station can configure or instruct the UE on sensing operation modes (e.g., based on the six modes mentioned above), the entity performing the sensing operation (e.g., a sensing transmitter, a sensing receiver), and the resources for the sensing operation (e.g., [missing information]). FIG. 13 This includes information related to the sensing resources shown, the target of the sensing results (e.g., the type of radio sensing service based on 6G networks or a trusted third party), and the channel modeling of the sensing (e.g., the channel between the base station / UE and the object / environment). For example, the base station can obtain configuration / instructions for such information from higher-level network entities above it.

[0214] For example, a base station and / or UE can perform sensing operations based on configured / indicated information. For instance, a base station and / or UE acting as a sensing transmitter and / or sensing receiver can perform the following processes: transmitting sensing signals, receiving scattered / reflected signals, deriving sensing data, obtaining sensing results by processing the sensing data, and providing the sensing results, as described above. FIG. 12a and FIG. 12b As illustrated. In one example, in the operation of the base station / UE described in this disclosure, sensing results provided through sensing operations may also be utilized.

[0215] D. Network energy saving (NES)

[0216] In wireless communication systems, including 3GPP, energy efficiency at base stations is receiving significant attention because it can help build environmentally friendly networks by reducing carbon emissions and lowering the operating expenses (OPEX) of telecom operators. Specifically, the introduction of 5G communications requires higher transmission rates, necessitating base stations with a greater number of antennas and providing services through wider bandwidth and frequency bands. As a result, according to recent research, the energy cost of base stations has reached approximately 20% of total OPEX. Accordingly, 5G systems have adopted various energy-saving technologies known as Network Energy Saving (NES), and standardization efforts for these technologies are expected to continue. Specifically, the recently released Release 18 discusses the following technologies.

[0217]

[0218] 1. If the RAN4 study determines that it is feasible, then specify SSB-free SCell operation for inter-band CA of FR1 and co-located cells, wherein the UE measures the SSB transmitted on the PCell or another SCell for time / frequency synchronization (including downlink AGC) and L1 / L3 measurements for the SCell; if necessary, also include potential enhancements to the SCell activation process [RAN4, RAN2].

[0219] 2. Enhancements to the designated cell DTX / DRX mechanism, including alignment of cell DTX / DRX with UEDRX in RRC_CONNECTED mode, and inter-node information exchange regarding cell DTX / DRX [RAN2, RAN1, RAN3]. Note: SSB transmission is not affected by cell DTX / DRX.

[0220] Note: The above enhancements should be avoided from having any impact on the IDLE / INACTIVE UE.

[0221] 3. Specify the following techniques in the spatial and power domains. Specify necessary enhancements to CSI and beam management related processes (including measurement and reporting), as well as signaling [RAN1, RAN2] for efficient adaptation of spatial elements (e.g., antenna ports, active transceiver chains). Specify the necessary enhancements to CSI-related processes (including measurement and reporting), and the signaling [RAN1, RAN2] for efficient adaptation of power offset values ​​between PDSCH and CSI-RS. Note: The above targets are only for UE-specific channels / signals. Note: Standard UE CSI / CSI-RS capabilities apply when considering the total number and requirements of CSI reports. 4. If necessary, specify a mechanism to prevent regular UEs from camping on cells using Rel-18 NES technology [RAN2] 5. Specify enhancements to the CHO (Conditional Handover) process when the source / target cell is in NES mode [RAN2] 6. Designated inter-node beam activation, and enhancements to paging restrictions within a limited area [RAN3] 7. If necessary, specify the corresponding RRM / RF core requirements [RAN4] for the above features.

[0222] Based on the application of NES technology, the base station can perform the following operations: control the opening / closing of antenna ports and transmit / receive points (TRPs) for a specific duration on the time axis, adjust the transmit / receive resources for UE common or UE specific signals / channels, change the amount of frequency domain resources, adjust the transmit power, or open / close antenna ports and transmit / receive points (TRPs) in the spatial domain. FIG. 15 An example of the operation process of a base station supporting NES technology is provided. (Refer to...) FIG. 15The base station identifies the NES solution to be applied. The NES solution can be related to signal transmission / reception control (e.g., enabling / disabling), beam operation, handover procedures, channel measurement, and reporting. Which NES solutions to apply can be adaptively selected based on current conditions (e.g., cell load level, characteristics of connected UEs), or can be predefined. The base station that identifies the NES solution executes signaling for the NES. The specific signaling procedure can vary depending on the identified NES solution. For example, the base station can send public information about the NES solution, or send configuration information required for NES operation to at least one UE. Furthermore, the base station can receive NES-related capability information from at least one UE. Afterward, the base station executes operations for the NES. In this case, the base station can execute operations for the NES based on earlier executed signaling. That is, based on system information, configuration information, and control information transmitted via signaling, the base station can enable / disable specific signal transmission / reception, enable / disable spatial domain elements, or adjust resources used for signal transmission / reception measurement.

[0223] NES technology can be implemented through a process such as that shown in Figure 12. An example of an NES solution that can be implemented through a process such as that shown in Figure 12 is as follows.

[0224] In-system energy-saving solutions: RAN nodes can request neighboring RAN nodes to switch at least one SSB beam to their inactive cells, or can use a limited set of beams to perform paging on inactive UEs (e.g., stationary UEs).

[0225] Inter-system energy-saving solution: NG-RAN nodes with capacity-enhanced cells can autonomously switch the cell to an inactive state.

[0226] SSB-less SCell Solution: When no SSB or SSB-based RRM Measurement Timing Configuration (SMTC) is provided for the SCell, the UE can obtain timing references and AGC sources from another serving cell. In FR1 or FR2, the base station can be configured with in-band CA or out-of-band CA for SCells that do not transmit SSBs. In this case, SSB / SIB transmission can be triggered by the UE's wake-up signal (WUS). Accordingly, due to the increased periodicity of common channels / signals such as SSBs, the base station can remain in a dormant state for a longer period.

[0227] Cell DTX / DRX Solution: To reduce the downlink transmit / uplink receive activation time of the base station, a periodic cell DTX / DRX mode (e.g., active and inactive periods) can be jointly configured for UEs in cells with this characteristic. Here, the cell DTX mode and cell DRX mode can be configured and activated separately, and each MAC entity can configure a maximum of two cell DTX / DRX modes. When cell DTX is configured and activated, during the cell DTX inactive period, at least one of monitoring for SPS opportunities or monitoring for PDCCH can be suspended. When cell DRX is configured and activated, during the cell DRX inactive period, at least one of transmitting on configuration grant (CG) resources or sending scheduling requests (SR) can be suspended. Cell DTX / DRX can be activated / deactivated via RRC signaling or L1 group common signaling.

[0228] For cell DTX / DRX, parameters such as activation duration and period can be configured. The activation duration is the period during which the UE waits to receive a PDCCH or SPS opportunity, and waits to send an SR or CG. The period specifies the periodic repetition of the activation and inactivation durations. When both cell DTX and cell DRX are configured, parameters such as activation duration and period are common. If the base station detects an emergency call or public safety-related service (e.g., MPS or MCS), the network can release or deactivate the cell DTX / DRX configuration to avoid affecting the corresponding service. Furthermore, the activation duration of the UE's connection mode DRX needs to at least partially overlap with the activation duration of the cell DTX / DRX. For example, the UE's connection mode DRX period can be a multiple of the cell DTX / DRX period, and vice versa.

[0229] Conditional Handover (CHO) Solution: During the application of NES technology (e.g., when a cell is activated or deactivated via DTX / DRX), a CHO procedure is used, determined by the UE, to perform the handover. In this case, the UE can use an NES-specific CHO event to perform a CHO to a candidate cell, and as an additional triggering condition, the reception of the DCI can be applied to activate the CHO condition indicated by the NES event.

[0230] Spatial Domain and Power Domain Adaptation Solution: To support transceiver mutating and / or transmit power adaptation for gNBs, the UE can be configured to report multiple CSI entries in a CSI report based on multiple sub-configurations. Each sub-configuration corresponds to a spatial domain adaptation mode (e.g., a subset of available spatial elements) and / or a power offset between the data channel (e.g., PDSCH) and the CSI-RS. With the application of the spatial domain and power domain adaptation solution, CSI configuration, measurement, and / or reporting operations may be affected.

[0231] No SSB SCell

[0232] FIG. 16 Examples of procedures applicable to this disclosure for CA operations using an SSB-free SCell are provided. (See also...) FIG. 16 The base station sends SCell configuration information to the UE. Specifically, the base station sends configuration information for CA (Card Access Control) to the UE to provide services via CA operation. Here, CA operation can be in-band CA or inter-band CA. For example, the SCell configuration information may include information for adding the SCell (e.g., sCellToAddModList), and specifically, may include cell index, physical cell identifier, information related to DL-UL configuration, information related to BWP (Browser Protection Device), information related to cell DTX / DRX (Digital Transmission Module), information related to downlink frequency (e.g., FrequencyInfoDL), etc. Subsequently, the UE determines the configuration for CA operation and can perform communication using the base station's PCell and SCell. In this case, the UE can confirm that the SCell is an SSB-free SCell based on the downlink frequency-related information included in the configuration information, and can confirm the relevant parameters. For example, the UE determines that a SCell is an SSB-free SCell by confirming the presence of a parameter indicating an SSB-free SCell (e.g., SSBlessSCell), and can confirm the timing reference and AGC source of the SCell based on information related to the reference cell (e.g., referenceCell). In the case of Figure D03, the reference cell can be a PCell. Therefore, the UE can use the PCell as a timing reference and AGC source for communication within the SCell.

[0233] In 3GPP NR Release 19, a work item entitled "Network Power Efficiency Enhancements for NR" has been additionally approved. Specifically, the following enhancement technologies are being considered in 3GPP NR Release 19, as shown below.

[0234]

[0235] The objectives of SI (Research Project) or core WI (Work Project) or test WI

[0236] The objectives of this WI are as follows: 1. Specifies the procedures and signaling methods for supporting on-demand SSB SCell operations for both intra-band and inter-band CA in connected modes of UEs configured with CA. [RAN1 / 2 / 3 / 4] Specify the triggering method. (Choose from the following: UE uplink wake-up signal using existing signal / channel, cell enable / disable indication via backhaul, and SCell activation / deactivation signaling) Note 1: On-demand SSB transmission can be used by the UE at least for SCell time / frequency synchronization, L1 / L3 measurement, and SCell activation, and supports FR1 and FR2 in non-shared spectrum.

[0237] 2. Study the procedures and signaling methods for on-demand SIB1 to support UEs in idle / inactive modes: [RAN1 / 2 / 3] Triggering method for uplink wake-up signal using existing signals / channels.

[0238] Provide wake-up signal configuration to the UE.

[0239] Note: Modifications to the SSB are not discussed in this objective.

[0240] If necessary, at least gNBs should exchange information regarding the configuration of the wake-up signal.

[0241] Checkpoints for standardization work on RAN#105.

[0242] 3. Specify the adaptation for common signal / channel transmission. [RAN1 / 2 / 3 / 4] SSB adapts to the time domain, for example, periodic adaptation.

[0243] PRACH's adaptation in the time domain.

[0244] The adaptation of PRACH in the spatial domain, for example, studying non-uniform PRACH resources per SSB, and specifying them if determined to be beneficial.

[0245] - This study was conducted only during the second quarter of 2024.

[0246] Adjustments to paging timing include limiting paging timing in the time domain.

[0247] Note: Paging delay must not be increased.

[0248] Note: Unless a significant benefit is demonstrated, there must be no negative impact on the traditional UE.

[0249] 4. Specify the corresponding core requirements for the above features. [RAN4]

[0250] On-demand SSB

[0251] Based on objective 1 above, a method for reducing energy consumption can be discussed, in which the base station transmits SSBs on a specific cell through an on-demand SSB procedure, and does not transmit SSBs on the corresponding cell if an on-demand SSB procedure does not exist. In traditional NR systems, because SSBs must be transmitted periodically at all times for purposes such as time / frequency synchronization or radio resource management measurements, it is difficult to reduce energy consumption even when the base station has no data to receive or transmit. Considering this, the base station can reduce its own energy consumption by not performing SSB transmission, but instead performing SSB transmission only when an on-demand SSB procedure is involved. The corresponding on-demand SSB procedure can be triggered by one of the following methods: 1) The UE sends uplink signals / channels (e.g., PRACH, PUCCH, PUSCH, SRS, etc. in an NR system) to request the base station to send an SSB.

[0252] 2) Base station (or TRP) #1 sends a request for SSB transmission to base station (or TRP) #2 via the inter-base station interface (e.g., the Xn interface in the NR system) or backhaul signaling.

[0253] 3) Signal whether to send an SSB for the corresponding SCell via SCell activation / deactivation signaling.

[0254] Considering coexistence with traditional NR UEs, the operations in version 19 are limited to on-demand SSB operations performed for UEs and SCells in connected mode. However, in future versions or next-generation communication systems, on-demand SSB operations (for SSB transmission on PCells) may be defined for UEs in inactive or idle modes, or for UEs undergoing initial access. Additionally, carrier aggregation (CA) including the corresponding SCell can be applied to both in-band CA and inter-band CA. SSBs transmitted on the corresponding SCell via the on-demand SSB procedure can be used for at least functions such as time / frequency synchronization, Layer 1 / Layer 3 measurements, and SCell activation.

[0255] On-demand SIB1 transmission

[0256] Using Objective 2 in Table E-1, a method for reducing energy consumption can be discussed, in which the base station transmits SIB1 for a specific cell via an on-demand SIB1 procedure, and does not transmit SIB1 for the corresponding cell when an on-demand SIB1 procedure does not exist. In traditional NR systems, since the base station must periodically provide SIB1, which includes system information and random access information for initial access or for UE access to the cell in idle mode, it is difficult to reduce energy consumption even when there is no data to receive or transmit. Considering this, the base station can reduce its own energy consumption by not performing SIB1 transmission, but only performing SIB1 transmission when an on-demand SIB1 procedure is involved. The corresponding on-demand SIB1 procedure can be triggered by the UE transmitting uplink signals / channels (e.g., PRACH in an NR system), and specifically, but not limited to, the following scenarios can be considered: 1) Scenario 1: such as FIG. 17a As shown, the UE identifies that SIB1 is not being transmitted on cell #1 by receiving an SSB (and / or other DL signals / channels) from cell #1. The UE can trigger the transmission of SIB1 by sending a signal requesting SIB1 (referred to as WUS for convenience in this disclosure) based on information provided in the SSB (and / or other DL signals / channels) and / or pre-established information. Upon receiving the WUS, the base station can respond by sending a specific DL signal / channel on cell #1, and (regardless of whether or not that DL signal / channel is sent) transmit SIB1 on cell #1.

[0257] 2) Scenario 2: such as FIG. 17b As shown, the UE identifies that SIB1 is not being transmitted on cell #2 by receiving an SSB (and / or other DL signals / channels such as SIB1) from cell #1, and the UE can attempt to camp via cell #2. Based on the information provided in the received SSB (and / or other DL signals / channels such as SIB1) and / or pre-established information, the UE can trigger SIB1 transmission in cell #2 by transmitting a request for SIB1 signal (i.e., WUS) on cell #1. Upon receiving the WUS, the base station can respond by transmitting a specific DL signal / channel (on cell #1 or cell #2), and (regardless of whether the DL signal / channel is transmitted) can transmit SIB1 for cell #2 on either cell #1 or cell #2.

[0258] 3) Scenario 3: such as FIG. 17cAs shown, the UE identifies that SIB1 is not being transmitted on cell #2 by receiving an SSB (and / or other DL signals / channels such as SIB1) from cell #1, and the UE can attempt to camp via cell #2. Based on the information provided in the received SSB (and / or other DL signals / channels such as SIB1) and / or pre-established information, the UE can trigger SIB1 transmission in cell #2 by transmitting a request for SIB1 signal (i.e., WUS) on cell #2. Upon receiving the WUS, the base station can respond by transmitting a specific DL signal / channel (on cell #1 or cell #2), and (regardless of whether the DL signal / channel is transmitted) can transmit SIB1 for cell #2 on either cell #1 or cell #2.

[0259] Specific embodiments of the present disclosure

[0260] This disclosure relates to a technique for operating synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel block (SSB) and system information on demand in a wireless communication system. Specifically, this disclosure proposes a technique for providing SSB and / or system information on request in a cell or frequency band where the transmission of SSB (e.g., synchronization signal, MIB) and / or system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) is temporarily suspended for network power-saving operation. In this disclosure, " / " means "and," "or," or "and / or" depending on the context.

[0261] For NES purposes, the base station can operate various techniques, such as controlling the UE to turn on / off for a specific duration on the time axis, adjusting transmit and receive resources for UE-common or UE-specific signals / channels, changing the amount of frequency domain resources, adjusting transmit power, or turning antenna ports (APs) and transmit / receive points (TRPs) on / off in the spatial domain. In this disclosure, the techniques listed above are referred to as "NES techniques" or "NES_tech," and the state of applying at least one NES_tech is referred to as "NES mode" or "NES state." The base station can indicate to the UE the NES_tech applied for each NES_tech or each group of NES_techs [Scheme 1], or it can pre-configure the NES_tech or NES_tech group corresponding to each code point of a specific indicator [Scheme 2]. Here, the specific indicator can be indicated by DCI or MAC CE, or configured by higher-layer signaling.

[0262] In Scheme 1, when at least one NES_tech is applied to the UE, the corresponding state can be defined as an NES mode or an NES state. Furthermore, depending on the specific NES_tech applied, this state can be considered as different NES modes or different NES states. An NES mode or NES state can be used as a concept indicating whether at least one NES technology is applied, or, in addition, as a concept indicating the applied NES technology. When an NES mode or NES state further indicates the applied NES technology, different NES modes or different NES states can include different combinations of NES_tech. In Scheme 2, for example, when using a 1-bit indicator, "0" can indicate that the corresponding NES_tech is not applied, and "1" can indicate that at least one NES_tech is applied. In this case, when the indicator indicates "1", the corresponding state can be defined as an NES mode or an NES state. In another example, when using a 2-bit indicator, "00" can indicate the absence of a corresponding NES_tech, "01" can indicate the application of at least one NES_tech_A, "10" can indicate the application of at least one NES_tech_B, and "11" can indicate the application of at least one NES_tech_C. In this case, when the indicator indicates a code point other than "00", the corresponding state can be defined as NES mode or NES state. Furthermore, the UE can determine NES state #1 when it detects "01", NES state #2 when it detects "10", and NES state #3 when it detects "11". Therefore, it is possible to distinguish whether the state is an NES state and / or which type of NES state for each code point.

[0263] For NES purposes, base stations can enable / disable specific spatial elements (e.g., antenna ports, active transmit / receive links, panels, or TRPs) or adjust the power values ​​of downlink signals / channels. To dynamically apply multiple NES technologies in the spatial and power domains, base stations can configure a CSI report (e.g., CSI-ReportConfig) to associate CSI-RS resources or resource sets with different antenna ports, or they can associate multiple power offsets (e.g., the powerControlOffset parameter representing the power offset between PDSCH and CSI-RS, the powerControlOffsetSS parameter representing the power offset between SSS and CSI-RS, etc.).

[0264] Specifically, at least one of the following CSI frameworks can be introduced.

[0265] - Framework #1: In CSI-ReportConfig, multiple CSI-RS resource sets are associated with a Channel Measurement Resource (CMR) or an Interference Measurement Resource (IMR). Here, the CMR can be configured via the resourcesForChannelMeasurement parameter, and the IMR can be configured via the csi-IM-ResourcesForInterference parameter or the nzp-CSI-RS-ResourcesForInterference parameter. For example, for CMR, associating CSI-RS resource set #1 and CSI-RS resource set #2, the CSI-RS resource belonging to CSI-RS resource set #1 can be configured with 16 antenna ports (APs), and the CSI-RS resource belonging to CSI-RS resource set #2 can be configured with 8 APs.

[0266] - Framework #2: When configuring a CSI-RS resource set associated with a CMR or an IMR in CSI-ReportConfig, at least one CSI-RS resource with different attributes (such as the number of APs and / or power offset) can be configured within that CSI-RS resource set. For example, for CSI-RS resource set #1 configured as CMR, CSI-RS resource 1 belonging to CSI-RS resource set #1 can be configured with 16 APs, and CSI-RS resource 2 belonging to the same resource set can be configured with 8 APs. As another example, for CSI-RS resource set #1 configured as CMR, CSI-RS resource 1 belonging to CSI-RS resource set #1 can be configured with power offset 1, and CSI-RS resource 2 belonging to the same resource set can be configured with power offset 2.

[0267] - Framework #3: When configuring a CSI-RS resource set associated with a CMR or IMR in CSI-ReportConfig, multiple AP numbers and / or multiple power offset values ​​can be configured for some or all of the CSI-RS resources in that resource set. For example, for CSI-RS resource set #1 configured as a CMR, CSI-RS resource 1 belonging to CSI-RS resource set #1 can be configured with up to 16 APs, and can be configured to use at least one of these APs for CSI reporting. Alternatively, CSI-RS resource #2 belonging to the same CSI-RS resource set #1 can be configured with multiple power offset values, and can be configured to use all or part of the power offsets for CSI reporting.

[0268] For the CSI framework described above, the CSI reporting method can be defined using at least one of the following options.

[0269] - Option #1: Considering multiple AP quantity values ​​and / or multiple power offset values ​​configured in a single CSI report, all CSI values ​​can be included in a single CSI report. Alternatively, considering multiple AP quantity values ​​and / or multiple power offset values ​​determined by base station configuration / instructions, CSI values ​​can be included in a single CSI report. In this case, the AP quantity values ​​and / or power offset values ​​configured / instructed by the base station can be a subset of the AP quantity values ​​and / or power offset values ​​configured in the CSI report.

[0270] - Option #2: Even if multiple AP quantity values ​​and / or multiple power offset values ​​are configured in a single CSI report, the CSI that considers a single AP quantity value and / or a single power offset value determined by the base station configuration / instruction can be included in a single CSI report.

[0271] - Option #3: Even if multiple AP quantity values ​​and / or multiple power offset values ​​are configured in a single CSI report, the CSI of some AP quantity values ​​and / or some power offset values ​​can be included in a single CSI report after the UE makes a judgment / decision / selection based on the base station's pre-configured or predefined criteria.

[0272] In the configuration of CSI reports (e.g., CSI-ReportConfig), more than 1 L sub-configurations can be configured, and each sub-configuration can correspond to either spatial domain adaptive mode or power domain adaptive mode.

[0273] Here, the spatial domain adaptive mode can correspond to a specific number of APs or an AP on / off mode, or it can correspond to a specific CSI-RS power value (for example, since disabling some antenna elements corresponding to an AP will affect the CSI-RS power value, it can be the CSI-RS power value determined by the powerControlOffsetSS parameter, which represents the power offset between SSS and CSI-RS). For example, in the case of application framework #2, A1 APs or P1 power values ​​are configured for CSI-RS index #n1 belonging to a certain resource set, and A2 APs or P2 power values ​​are configured for CSI-RS index #n2 belonging to the same resource set. In this case, sub-configuration index #s1 is associated with CSI-RS index #n1, and sub-configuration index #s2 is associated with CSI-RS index #n2, so that different spatial domain adaptive modes can be configured for each sub-configuration. In the case of application framework #3, when CSI-RS index #n1 belonging to a certain resource set is configured with A1 APs (or P1 / P2 power values), sub-configuration index #s1 is associated with A1 APs (or P1 power values), and sub-configuration index #s2 is associated with A2 APs (or P2 power values) that are fewer than A1 of the CSI-RS index #n1 configured, so that different spatial domain adaptive modes can be configured for each sub-configuration.

[0274] Furthermore, a power domain adaptive mode can refer to a change in the power offset value (e.g., a power offset value determined by the powerControlOffset parameter, which represents the power offset between PDSCH and CSI-RS, or the powerControlOffsetSS parameter, which represents the power offset between SSS and CSI-RS). For example, in the case of application framework #2, a power value P1 is configured for CSI-RS index #n1 belonging to a certain resource set, and a power value P2 is configured for CSI-RS index #n2 belonging to the same resource set. In this case, sub-configuration index #s1 is associated with CSI-RS index #n1, and sub-configuration index #s2 is associated with CSI-RS index #n2, thereby allowing different power domain adaptive modes to be configured for each sub-configuration.

[0275] Furthermore, in the case of application framework #3, power values ​​P1 and P2 can be configured for CSI-RS index #n1 belonging to a certain resource set. In this case, sub-configuration index #s1 is associated with the P1 power value, and sub-configuration index #s2 is associated with the P2 power value, thereby enabling different power domain adaptive modes to be configured for each sub-configuration.

[0276] The UE can use any of the above options #1 / 2 / 3 to send a CSI report to the base station, which includes the CSI corresponding to N of the L sub-configurations (where N is between 1 and L).

[0277] From the perspective of a base station operating multiple frequency bands, periodically transmitting SSB and / or system information may cause unnecessary energy consumption when the number of serving UEs is small or the service load is relatively low. In this disclosure, frequency band can be replaced by waveband, carrier, serving cell, or BWP (bandwidth portion), etc.

[0278] For example, it can be like FIG. 18 The operation is shown in three frequency bands. FIG. 18 An example of a frequency band operated by a base station according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. (Refer to...) FIG. 18 When a base station operates three frequency bands, it can periodically transmit SSBs (e.g., conventional SSBs) in some bands (e.g., F1), transmit simplified or modified S-SSBs (simplified SSBs) in other bands (e.g., F2), or neither transmit SSBs nor S-SSBs in another band (e.g., F3). That is, F2 and F3 can be understood as SSB-free bands. In this way, the base station can achieve energy savings. In this disclosure, compared to the signals / channels included in conventional SSBs (e.g., PSS, SSS, PBCH DM-RS, PBCH, etc.), S-SSBs can adopt structures that omit some signals / channels, modify the signal / channel structure, or transmit information different from conventional information via the PBCH payload. Furthermore, in this disclosure, since S-SSBs have a different structure than conventional SSBs, it can be understood that the SSB version / mode is different and can be referred to by other terms.

[0279] This disclosure considers a scenario where a UE receives information about F2 and / or F3 via an SSB and / or SIB1 transmitted in F1. According to an implementation, a UE receiving signaling for another frequency band receives an SSB (e.g., one of an SSB and an S-SSB) and / or SIB1 in the F2 or F3 frequency band by performing an on-demand SSB / SIB1 procedure in F2 or F3. The UE can then perform a RACH procedure (e.g., a random access procedure) to enter connected mode and receive and transmit downlink and / or uplink data via F2 or F3. Specifically, for UEs operating according to such a scenario, this disclosure proposes various implementations regarding information configured for the UE, methods for selecting F2 or F3, on-demand SSB / SIB1 procedures, etc., but the techniques proposed in this disclosure are not limited to this scenario. For example, a UE may first receive an S-SSB transmitted in the F2 frequency band from the initial access phase and identify the existence of the F1 frequency band through information in the S-SSB of the F2 frequency band. In this case, the implementation described below can be applied to the F1 frequency band.

[0280] Furthermore, for ease of description, this disclosure will collectively refer to frequency bands capable of transmitting S-SSBs (such as F2) and frequency bands capable of not transmitting SSBs (such as F3) as "F2 frequency band". However, it will be apparent that the embodiments described below can also be applied to frequency bands with other names. For example, frequency bands capable of transmitting SSBs, such as F1, may be referred to as "first type frequency band" or "non-NES frequency band"; frequency bands capable of transmitting S-SSBs, such as F2, may be referred to as "second type frequency band" or "first type NES frequency band"; and frequency bands capable of not transmitting both SSBs and S-SSBs, such as F3, may be referred to as "third type frequency band" or "second type NES frequency band".

[0281] FIG. 19 Examples of processes for providing communication services based on multiple frequency bands according to embodiments of the present disclosure are provided. FIG. 19 An example is shown of a method performed by a base station.

[0282] Reference FIG. 19 In step S1901, the base station configures a first frequency band and a second frequency band. Here, the base station can configure the first frequency band as a first type of frequency band capable of providing a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB), and the second frequency band as a second type of frequency band providing a Secondary Synchronization Signal Block (S-SSB), or a third type of frequency band that provides neither an SSB nor an S-SSB. Furthermore, the base station can configure SSB and / or system information on the first frequency band to signal information related to the second frequency band within the first frequency band. Alternatively, the base station can configure S-SSB and / or system information on the second frequency band to signal information related to the first frequency band within the second frequency band.

[0283] In step S1903, the base station transmits configuration information in the first frequency band or the second frequency band. This configuration information may include information required for communication services using the first and second frequency bands. For example, the configuration information transmitted in the first frequency band may include information required for performing communication or conducting an on-demand SSB / System Information Block (SIB) procedure in the second frequency band. Here, the configuration information may include at least one of the following: information related to channel association between the first and second frequency bands; information related to the signal / channel used to request the on-demand SSB / SIB procedure; information related to the signal / channel provided in response to the on-demand SSB / SIB procedure; information related to the frequency band structure; and information related to the Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure or paging procedure in the second frequency band.

[0284] In step S1905, the base station controls the state of the second frequency band based on the configuration information. Here, the state relates to whether to transmit SSB, S-SSB, and / or SIB. That is, the base station can operate the second frequency band in either a first state or a second state, where the first state is not to transmit SSB, S-SSB, and / or SIB in the second frequency band, and the second state is to transmit SSB, S-SSB, and / or SIB in the second frequency band. According to various embodiments, this state can be changed based on signals received from the UE. That is, the base station receives signals (e.g., a UE wake-up signal (WUS)) transmitted by the UE based on the configuration information transmitted in step S1903, and can transmit SSB, S-SSB, and / or SIB based on the reception of this signal. In this case, the specific configuration for transmitting SSB, S-SSB, and / or SIB can be determined based on the attributes of the received signals (e.g., resources, sequences, etc.).

[0285] FIG. 20 Examples of processes for performing communication based on multiple frequency bands according to embodiments of the present disclosure are provided. FIG. 20 An example is shown of a method performed by the UE.

[0286] Reference FIG. 20 In step S2001, the UE receives a signal in a first frequency band or a second frequency band. Here, the signal is a broadcast signal (e.g., SSB, S-SSB, synchronization signal, system information, etc.) and may include at least one signal that can be received even before establishing a connection with the base station. That is, the UE can receive a synchronization signal, obtain synchronization based on the synchronization signal, and receive system information. Here, the first frequency band may include a first type of frequency band capable of providing SSB, and the second frequency band may include a second type of frequency band providing S-SSB or a third type of frequency band not providing SSB / S-SSB.

[0287] In step S2003, the UE obtains configuration information for a frequency band based on the received signals. That is, the UE can obtain this configuration information by decoding the received signals or by decoding another signal indicated by the received signals. At this time, the UE can obtain information required to perform communication or procedures in the second frequency band based on the signals received in the first frequency band. Alternatively, the UE can obtain information required to perform communication or procedures in the second frequency band based on a combination of signals received in the first frequency band and signals received in the second frequency band. Here, the configuration information may include at least one of the following: information related to channel association between the first and second frequency bands; information related to signals / channels used to request on-demand SSB / SIB procedures; information related to signals / channels provided in response to on-demand SSB / SIB procedures; information related to the frequency band structure; and information related to RACH procedures or paging procedures in the second frequency band.

[0288] In step S2005, the UE receives an SSB / SIB in the second frequency band based on the configuration information. Here, SSB / SIB includes SSB, S-SSB, and / or SIB. Specifically, based on the configuration information sent in step S2003, the UE sends a signal (e.g., UE WUS) in the first or second frequency band to request the transmission of an SSB / SIB. At this time, according to the specific configuration of the requested transmission of the SSB, S-SSB, and / or SIB, the UE can determine the attributes of the signal (e.g., resources, sequence, etc.) and transmit the signal with the determined attributes to the base station. Furthermore, although... FIG. 20 Although not shown in the diagram, the UE can perform a RACH procedure or a paging procedure in the second frequency band based on this SSB / SIB.

[0289] According to various implementations, the UE can send a UE Wake-up Signal (WUS) to request the transmission of SSB and / or SIB1 in the F2 band resources. Here, "UE WUS" functionally refers to a signal that triggers (or causes) the transmission of SSB / SIB1 in the corresponding band resources. Therefore, the UE WUS can be implemented using other signals / messages defined in the current technical specifications (e.g., measurement reports, CSI reports, PRACH preambles, reference signals (e.g., SRS), etc.) or by using newly defined signals / messages. Furthermore, the UE WUS can be referred to as a request signal, initiation signal, trigger signal, state change signal, or other terms with equivalent technical meaning.

[0290] For reference FIG. 19 and FIG. 20As described in the implementation, the base station and the UE can perform communication using frequency bands that provide SSB and those that do not. Hereinafter, this disclosure describes in more detail implementations of various aspects required for performing communication using multiple different types of frequency bands.

[0291] [Implementation Method #1] Information configurable to the UE via SSB and / or SIB1 transmitted in the F1 band or S-SSB transmitted in the F2 band, and the UE's operation based on that information.

[0292] The UE can receive at least a portion of the following information via SSB (e.g., synchronization signal, master information block (MIB)) and / or system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) transmitted in the F1 band. Alternatively, the UE can receive at least a portion of the following information via S-SSB transmitted in the F2 band.

[0293] [Table 1]

[0294] When information related to the association or QCL relationship between frequency bands is provided, the UE can perform timing, power control, path loss estimation, and synchronization on the F2 frequency band based on the F1 frequency band. That is, when performing operations such as synchronization in the F2 frequency band, the UE can use the F1 frequency band as a synchronization reference, timing reference, etc.

[0295] When information related to time / frequency resources for transmitting UE WUS is provided, the UE identifies resources (e.g., time, frequency, or sequence) for transmitting UE WUS and can use the identified resources to transmit UE WUS. At this time, based on the provided information, the UE can select one of multiple resource candidates according to at least one of the target signal to be requested, the attributes of the target signal, and the frequency band used for transmitting UE WUS, and can use the selected resource to transmit UE WUS.

[0296] When information related to a signal / channel corresponding to the UE WUS is provided, the UE sends the UE WUS and can receive the signal / channel requested by the UE WUS based on the provided information. Specifically, the UE can attempt to receive the requested signal / channel using timing, resources, etc., determined based on the provided information.

[0297] When information related to RACH in the F2 band is provided, the UE can perform a random access procedure in the F2 band based on an SSB detected in the F1 band or an S-SSB detected in the F2 band. Specifically, the UE selects a RO associated with an SSB detected in the F1 band or an S-SSB detected in the F2 band in the F2 band, and can transmit the RACH preamble through the selected RO.

[0298] When information related to the structure of the F1 and F2 frequency bands is provided, the UE can identify the structure of the F1 and / or F2 frequency bands. Therefore, the UE can identify the functional / hardware requirements for using the F1 and / or F2 frequency bands and determine the operations required to switch between the F1 and / or F2 frequency bands. In this way, the UE can determine whether the F2 frequency band is valid for that UE.

[0299] When information related to a CORESET in the F2 band for RACH and / or paging procedures is provided, the UE can determine the resource locations in the F2 band configured for monitoring the PDCCH for RACH and / or paging procedures. That is, in order to receive the PDCCH in the F2 band while performing a given procedure, the UE can decode the signals received via the indicated CORESET.

[0300] [Implementation Method #2] Selecting the F2 frequency band as the frequency band for executing the on-demand SSB / SIB1 process

[0301] FIG. 21 An example is given of the process of performing the on-demand SSB / SIB1 process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 21 An example is shown of a method performed by the UE.

[0302] Reference FIG. 21 In step S2101, the UE receives configuration information related to frequency band selection. This configuration information may include information related to conditions for selecting a frequency band for the RACH or paging process. This configuration information may be received via a first frequency band or a second frequency band. For example, the configuration information may include at least one of information indicating conditions and information indicating parameters used to determine those conditions. For example, this configuration information may be received according to implementation method #1.

[0303] In step S2103, the UE obtains information for selecting a frequency band. The UE obtains information for determining whether the conditions indicated by the configuration information are met. For example, this information can be obtained by measuring, identifying information stored in the UE, or by calculation. For example, this information may include at least one of the following: channel quality measured in the first frequency band, the UE's capabilities, or random variables weighted for each frequency band.

[0304] In step S2105, the UE selects a frequency band. The UE can determine, based on the obtained information, whether the conditions configured in the configuration information are met. For example, the UE can compare the values ​​included in the obtained information with the thresholds included in the configured conditions. Alternatively, the UE can determine whether the values ​​included in the obtained information match the values ​​included in the configured conditions. Alternatively, the UE can process the values ​​included in the obtained information based on the information included in the configured conditions and identify the processing result.

[0305] In step S2107, the UE performs the on-demand SSB / SIB1 procedure. A UE that has already selected a frequency band based on whether the condition is met can perform the on-demand SSB / SIB1 procedure in the selected frequency band. That is, the UE transmits a signal requesting the transmission of SSB / SIB1 in the selected frequency band and can receive SSB / SIB1 in the second frequency band. At this time, the frequency band used to perform the on-demand SSB / SIB1 procedure may include one of the first frequency band or the second frequency band, or may include both the first and second frequency bands.

[0306] For reference FIG. 21 As described in the implementation, the frequency band used for the RACH or paging process can be selected by evaluating the configured conditions. Applicable to FIG. 21 A more specific implementation of the conditions for selecting the frequency band in the exemplified process is described below.

[0307] Based on the information / configuration provided according to Embodiment #1 above, the UE can select the F2 band instead of the F1 band as the band for performing the on-demand SSB / SIB1 procedure. In this case, the method for selecting the F2 band can follow one or a combination of the following embodiments. In this embodiment, selecting the F2 band as the band for performing the on-demand SSB / SIB1 procedure means performing a procedure in the corresponding band aimed at requesting the base station to transmit SSB and / or SIB1. In this case, the UE WUS used to request the transmission of SSB and / or SIB1 can transmit in either the F1 band or the F2 band.

[0308] [Implementation #2-1] A method based on RSRP measured by receiving SSBs (e.g., PSS, SSS, and / or PBCH demodulation reference signals) transmitted in the F1 band: The UE can select one of the F1 and F2 bands based on a predefined Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) threshold, or based on an RSRP threshold configured by SSBs and / or SIBs transmitted in the F1 band or S-SSBs transmitted in the F2 band. For example, the UE can select F1 or F2 based on RSRP measured using SSBs (e.g., Secondary Synchronization Signals (SSS) and / or Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) Demodulation Reference Signals (DM-RS)) transmitted in the F1 band. Specifically, if the measured RSRP is greater than or equal to the threshold, the UE can select the F1 band; if the RSRP is less than the threshold, the UE can select the F2 band. Alternatively, if the measured RSRP is less than the threshold, the UE can select the F1 band; if the RSRP is greater than or equal to the threshold, the UE can select the F2 band.

[0309] [Implementation Method #2-2] UE Capability-Based Method: Through base station signaling (e.g., through SSB and / or SIB transmitted in the F1 band or S-SSB configuration / provided information transmitted in the F2 band), a UE with specific capabilities (e.g., a UE with Network Energy Saving (NES) capability or a UE with UE WUS capability) can be configured to use the F2 band instead of the F1 band. On the other hand, a UE without the corresponding capability remains in the F1 band and can perform operations such as the RACH procedure.

[0310] [Implementation Method #2-3] Based on random selection: The UE can randomly select either the F1 band or the F2 band. Alternatively, a weighting factor can be configured for a specific band using the SSB and / or SIB transmitted in the F1 band or the S-SSB transmitted in the F2 band. Based on the configured weighting factor (e.g., to increase the probability of selecting a band with higher weights), the UE selects a band and can perform operations such as the RACH procedure and the on-demand SSB / SIB1 procedure according to the selected band.

[0311] [Implementation Methods #2-4] A combination of an RSRP threshold-based method and a random selection method: For example, if the RSRP measured by receiving SSBs (e.g., SSS and / or PBCH DM-RS) transmitted in the F1 band is greater than or equal to or less than a threshold, a specific F1 or F2 band can be selected. On the other hand, if the RSRP is less than or greater than or equal to the threshold, a weighting factor can be configured to preferentially select a specific F1 or F2 band during the random selection process.

[0312] [Implementation Method #3] A method for performing the on-demand SSB / SIB1 process after changing the operating frequency to the F2 band.

[0313] According to the above implementation method, the UE can change its operating frequency to the F2 band and then perform the on-demand SSB / SIB1 procedure in the F2 band. The implementation method of the on-demand SSB / SIB1 procedure is described below.

[0314] FIG. 22 An example of a process for receiving an SSB or SIB based on an on-demand scheme according to an embodiment of this disclosure is provided. FIG. 22 An example is shown of a method performed by the UE.

[0315] Reference FIG. 22 In step S2201, the UE is able to identify the structure of the request process. Here, the request process includes an on-demand SSB / SIB1 process, which includes the operation of transmitting a request signal in the second frequency band for requesting the transmission of SSB, S-SSB, and / or SIB1. The structure of the request process relates to whether the request content is delivered via a single signaling or via multi-stage signaling. In other words, the UE can determine whether to execute a single signaling or multiple signaling to request the transmission of SSB / SIB1. According to one implementation, the UE can determine the structure of the request signal based on configuration information or predefined rules provided by the base station. When multiple signaling is used, the request signal can be understood as a collection of signals, or the first signal in a series of signals. However, if the structure of the request process is not configurable or selectable, and is fixed to a particular method, this step can be understood as the operation of identifying a predefined structure.

[0316] In step S2203, the UE can determine the resources for the requested signal. For example, the UE can determine the resources (e.g., time resources, frequency resources, and at least one of sequences) for transmitting the requested signal based on configuration information received from the base station in a first frequency band or a second frequency band. In this case, according to one implementation, the resource can be selected from a plurality of candidate resource areas as the resource corresponding to the type of signal to be requested and / or the transmission scheme.

[0317] In step S2205, the UE sends a request signal. That is, the UE can send a request signal in the second frequency band to request the transmission of SSB, S-SSB, and / or SIB1 by using the structures and resources identified in the preceding steps. At this time, the UE can send the request signal in either the first or the second frequency band. If the structure of the request process in step S2201 is identified as a method of delivering request content through multiple signaling, the UE can send at least one additional signal to the base station after sending the request signal. In this case, the request signal and at least one additional signal can be sent in the same frequency band or in different frequency bands.

[0318] In step S2207, the UE receives a signal corresponding to the request signal. That is, the UE may receive SSB, S-SSB, and / or SIB1 as signals corresponding to the request signal. At this time, according to various embodiments, the UE may determine a time window and receive SSB, S-SSB, and / or SIB1 within that time window. According to one embodiment, the time window may begin after a first time interval elapsed from the timing of sending the request signal. The starting point and length of the time window may be determined based on configuration information received from the base station, or they may be determined based on predefined rules.

[0319] FIG. 23 An example of a process for sending an SSB or SIB based on an on-demand scheme according to an embodiment of this disclosure is provided. FIG. 23 An example is shown of a method performed by a base station.

[0320] Reference FIG. 23 In step S2301, the base station receives a request signal. This request signal is used to request the transmission of SSB, S-SSB, and / or SIB1 in the second frequency band, and includes signals transmitted for on-demand SSB / SIB1 procedures. The request signal can be received using resources (e.g., time resources, frequency resources, and at least one of sequences) determined based on configuration information provided by the base station. At this time, the request signal can be a signal for a request procedure based on a single signaling step, or a signal for a request procedure based on multi-stage signaling. If the request signal is for a request procedure based on multi-stage signaling, then although... FIG. 23 As not shown, the base station can receive at least one additional signal.

[0321] In step S2303, the base station can determine the target of the request and the transmission plan. Based on the resources used by the requested signal, it can indicate which type of signal—SSB, S-SSB, and / or SIB1—the requested signal is, and what the attributes of that type of signal (e.g., beam direction, index, number of transmissions, etc.) are. Accordingly, the base station can determine the type and attributes of the requested signal based on the requested signal. Furthermore, the base station can determine, based on the resources used by the requested signal, the capabilities of the UE, the capabilities of the base station, or configuration information, at what timing the requested signal should be transmitted, whether the requested signal should be transmitted at a single moment, or whether the requested signal should be repeatedly transmitted, etc.

[0322] In step S2305, the base station transmits a requested signal. For example, the base station may transmit at least one of SSB, S-SSB, or SIB1 in the second frequency band. At this time, the base station may transmit at least one of SSB, S-SSB, or SIB1 based on the target and transmission scheme determined in step S2303. That is, the base station may change the state of the second frequency band and transmit at least one of SSB, S-SSB, or SIB1.

[0323] According to the defined process (e.g., the process using configuration information according to implementation #1 above), the UE can transmit UE WUS signals / channels in the F2 band. At this time, when determining the timing and power control for UE WUS transmission, it can be performed based on the SSB received via the F1 band. For example, in the case of transmitting UE WUS in the F2 band, if an association or QCL relationship between the F1 and F2 bands has been configured, the timing and power values ​​of the UE WUS transmitted in the F2 band can be determined based on the specific SSB index received in the F1 band.

[0324] Similar to the configuration information proposed in Implementation #1 above, the frequency and / or time and / or sequence-related information of the UE WUS can be configured differently based on the transmission frequency band of the requested SSB / SIB1, the index of the requested SSB / SSB group, the type of the requested signal (e.g., SSB or SIB1), and the SSB index corresponding to the requested SIB1. Therefore, the UE selects appropriate resources according to the requested SSB / SIB1 and can attempt to transmit the UE WUS. If appropriate UE WUS resources are configured in a granular state according to the requested SSB / SIB1, after transmitting the UE WUS, the UE can only receive the response from the base station corresponding to the UE WUS (e.g., a random access response in the RACH process or a response with a structure similar to Msg2) and complete the corresponding SSB / SIB1 process.

[0325] Furthermore, even after receiving a response from the base station sent by the UE WUS, the UE may still need to send additional request information (hereinafter referred to as "Msg3"), which includes information not sent through the UE WUS. For example, when a common UE WUS for SSB and SIB1 is defined, the UE receives a response from the base station sent by the UE WUS and can indicate via Msg3 whether the actually requested signal / channel is an SSB or SIB1. As another example, when a common UE WUS for SSB or SIB1 is defined, the UE receives a response from the base station sent by the UE WUS and can indicate via Msg3 whether the actually requested signal / channel corresponds to an SSB or SSB group with a certain SSB or SSB group index, or to SIB1 with a certain QCL relationship. Here, information related to allocating / configuring resources for sending Msg3 can be included in the base station's response.

[0326] After the UE sends the UE WUS, taking into account the processing time of the base station and / or the UE, the UE can anticipate that the base station will send a signal corresponding to the UE WUS after a specific time interval and / or during a specific time window. At this time, the signal corresponding to the UE WUS may include a specific SSB and / or SIB1 requested via the UE WUS, or may include Msg2 and / or HARQ feedback, as configured in Implementation #1. Here, the specific time interval can be expressed as X milliseconds or Y time slots, and the value of X or Y can be preconfigured or predefined in the technical specifications. Furthermore, the UE can anticipate receiving the signal corresponding to the UE WUS during a specific time window (i.e., before the time window expires), the duration of which (e.g., 20 milliseconds) can be preconfigured or predefined in the technical specifications. For example, the value of this time window can be received from the base station through a process such as Implementation #1, or it can be received through separate signaling.

[0327] If the UE expects to receive a signal corresponding to the UE WUS, but determines that such a signal does not exist, a penalty mechanism can be applied. Here, determining that a signal corresponding to the UE WUS does not exist can mean, for example, that the corresponding signal was not detected during a specific timer or time window duration, or that the received signal strength of the corresponding signal is determined to be less than or equal to a given threshold (e.g., a threshold with a single pre-configured or predefined value). Furthermore, applying a penalty mechanism can refer to ramping up the power and / or count values ​​during the on-demand process. If the corresponding power and / or count values ​​reach a pre-configured maximum value, the UE can perform a RACH procedure in the F1 band, or select another band (e.g., F3) and initiate a new on-demand SSB / SIB1 procedure.

[0328] FIG. 24 An example is illustrated of performing an on-demand SSB / SIB1 process using multiple frequency bands according to embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 24 An example is shown of the signal interaction between UE 2410 and base station 2420.

[0329] Reference FIG. 24 In step S2401, base station 2420 transmits an SSB in the F1 band. Accordingly, UE 2410 can receive the SSB in the F1 band. Here, the SSB includes information related to the F2 band. That is, base station 2420 can signal the existence of the F2 band (e.g., signaling including information proposed in implementation #1) through the SSB transmitted in the F1 band.

[0330] In step S2403, UE 2410 detects the SSB and changes its operating frequency from band F1 to band F2 to perform the on-demand SSB / SIB1 procedure. In step S2405, UE 2410 sends a UE WUS to base station 2420 in band F2. That is, UE 2410 performs the on-demand SSB / SIB1 procedure. In step S2407, base station 2420 sends a downlink signal corresponding to the UE WUS to UE 2410. That is, after receiving the SSB in band F1, UE 2410 can change its operating frequency to band F2 according to the criteria proposed in embodiment #2 and perform the on-demand SSB / SIB1 procedure according to the scheme proposed in embodiment #3.

[0331] In cases where a base station operates across multiple frequency bands, to achieve NES (Network Element System), the base station may periodically transmit SSB (Service Signal Bus) and / or system information only in a specific frequency band, while not periodically transmitting the corresponding signals / channels in other frequency bands. In this context, this disclosure proposes a technique that enables a specific UE to successfully perform initial access for camping in the frequency band where SSB and other signals are periodically provided, as well as in other frequency bands.

[0332] The proposed method described above can be implemented independently or in combination (or merged) with some of the proposed methods. Information regarding whether to apply the proposed method (or information regarding the rules of the proposed method) can be defined by rules, enabling the base station to notify the UE via predefined signals (e.g., physical layer signals or higher layer signals).

[0333] This disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the technical ideas and essential features described herein. Therefore, the detailed description above should not be construed as restrictive in all respects, but rather as exemplary. The scope of this disclosure should be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all modifications within the scope of equivalence of this disclosure are included within its scope. Furthermore, claims without explicit reference relationships may be combined to form embodiments, or incorporated into new claims through amendments after filing the application.

[0334] Industrial applicability

[0335] The embodiments of this disclosure can be applied to various wireless access systems. Examples of various wireless access systems include 3GPP systems or 3GPP2 systems.

[0336] The embodiments disclosed herein can be applied not only to the various wireless access systems described above, but also to all technical fields in which these wireless access systems are applied. Furthermore, the proposed method can be applied to mmWave and THz communication systems using ultra-high frequency bands.

[0337] Furthermore, the embodiments disclosed herein can be applied to various applications such as autonomous vehicles and drones.

Claims

1. A method performed by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising the following steps: Receive the first synchronization signal in the first frequency band; Receive second system information in the first frequency band; Based on the first synchronization signal and the first system information, receive configuration information related to the second frequency band; A first signal requesting a second synchronization signal or second system information is transmitted in the second frequency band; as well as Receive a second signal, including the second synchronization signal or the second system information, in the second frequency band. The configuration information includes at least one of information related to the resources used to send the first signal or information related to the second signal.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The information associated with the resource used to transmit the first signal includes information related to at least one of frequency, time, or sequence, and wherein the frequency, time, or sequence includes at least one of a plurality of candidates that can be selected based on at least one of the frequency band used to transmit the first signal, the requested signal, or the attributes of the requested signal.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The information associated with the second signal includes at least one of the following: information related to the time point of receiving the second signal, information related to the window used to receive the second signal, or information related to the control resource set (CORESET) used to receive the second signal.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The step of transmitting the first signal includes determining, based on the first synchronization signal and the first system information, to transmit the first signal in the second frequency band, wherein the first signal is determined to be transmitted in the second frequency band based on at least one of channel quality measured in the first frequency band, the capability of the UE, or per-band weight.

5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the following steps: Send a third signal indicating an object included in the second signal, wherein the requested object includes at least one of the type of the signal or the attribute of the signal.

6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the following steps: Send a third signal indicating a transmission scheme for the second signal, wherein the transmission scheme includes at least one of the timing of the second signal or whether the transmission is repeated.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein, The third signal is sent in response to the receipt of the fourth signal, which is received in response to the first signal.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The second signal is received during a time window configured for the second signal, after a first time interval has elapsed following the transmission of the first signal.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein, The configuration information includes information related to the duration of the time window.

10. A method performed by a base station in a wireless communication system, the method comprising the following steps: Transmit the first synchronization signal in the first frequency band; Transmit the second system information in the first frequency band; Based on the first synchronization signal and the first system information, configuration information related to the second frequency band is sent. Receive a first signal requesting a second synchronization signal or second system information in the second frequency band; as well as Transmit a second signal, including the second synchronization signal or the second system information, in the second frequency band. The configuration information includes at least one of information related to the resources used to send the first signal or information related to the second signal.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein, The information associated with the resource used to transmit the first signal includes information related to at least one of frequency, time, or sequence, and wherein the frequency, time, or sequence includes at least one of a plurality of candidates that can be selected based on at least one of the frequency band used to transmit the first signal, the requested signal, or the attributes of the requested signal.

12. The method according to claim 10, wherein, The information associated with the second signal includes at least one of the following: information related to the time point of receiving the second signal, information related to the window used to receive the second signal, or information related to the control resource set (CORESET) used to receive the second signal.

13. The method according to claim 10, further comprising the step of: A third signal is received indicating an object included in the second signal, wherein the requested object includes at least one of the type of the signal or the attribute of the signal.

14. The method of claim 10, further comprising the step of: Receive a third signal indicating a transmission scheme for the second signal, wherein the transmission scheme includes at least one of the timing of the second signal or whether the transmission is repeated.

15. The method according to claim 10, wherein, The second signal is sent during a time window configured for the second signal, after a first time interval has elapsed following the receipt of the first signal.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein, The configuration information includes information related to the duration of the time window.

17. A user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the UE comprising: transceiver; as well as The processor is connected to the transceiver. The processor is configured as follows: Receive the first synchronization signal in the first frequency band; Receive second system information in the first frequency band; Based on the first synchronization signal and the first system information, receive configuration information related to the second frequency band; Transmit a first signal requesting a second synchronization signal or second system information in the second frequency band; and Receive a second signal, including the second synchronization signal or the second system information, in the second frequency band. The configuration information includes at least one of information related to the resources used to send the first signal or information related to the second signal.

18. A base station in a wireless communication system, the base station comprising: transceiver; as well as The processor is connected to the transceiver. The processor is configured as follows: Transmit the first synchronization signal in the first frequency band; Transmit the second system information in the first frequency band; Based on the first synchronization signal and the first system information, configuration information related to the second frequency band is sent. Receive a first signal requesting a second synchronization signal or second system information in the second frequency band; and Transmit a second signal, including the second synchronization signal or the second system information, in the second frequency band. The configuration information includes at least one of information related to the resources used to send the first signal or information related to the second signal.

19. A communication device, the communication device comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one computer memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor to cause the at least one processor to perform an operation, the operation including: Receive the first synchronization signal in the first frequency band; Receive second system information in the first frequency band; Based on the first synchronization signal and the first system information, receive configuration information related to the second frequency band; Transmit a first signal requesting a second synchronization signal or second system information in the second frequency band; and Receive a second signal, including the second synchronization signal or the second system information, in the second frequency band. The configuration information includes at least one of information related to the resources used to send the first signal or information related to the second signal.

20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing at least one instruction, the at least one instruction being executable by a processor, the at least one instruction causing a device to: Receive the first synchronization signal in the first frequency band; Receive second system information in the first frequency band; Based on the first synchronization signal and the first system information, receive configuration information related to the second frequency band; Transmit a first signal requesting a second synchronization signal or second system information in the second frequency band; and Receive a second signal, including the second synchronization signal or the second system information, in the second frequency band. The configuration information includes at least one of information related to the resources used to send the first signal or information related to the second signal.

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