Printing assembly based on interface optical regulation and control physical development as well as preparation method and application of printing assembly

Abstract

The invention discloses a printing assembly based on interface optical regulation and control physical development and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of building photovoltaic integration. Self-made colorless transparent gloss oil changes the rheological property or interfacial tension of a local packaging adhesive film, and under the action of heat and pressure in the laminating process, the local packaging adhesive film is not prone to deformation; when the printing area and the non-printing area are different, the glue films of the printing area and the non-printing area generate controllable microscopic difference on the infiltration degree, the filling state or the optical coupling state of the battery piece, the difference directly causes the change of reflection and refraction paths of light on the surface of the battery piece, and the visual color difference of the infiltration area and the non-infiltration area is macroscopically shown, so that a pattern is printed; the light transmittance of the assembly is obviously improved, the hot spot risk is avoided, and the overall power attenuation of the assembly can be controlled within 3%.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of building photovoltaic integration, and particularly relates to a printing assembly based on interface optical regulation and physical development and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Building photovoltaic integration (BIPV) is a technology of directly integrating a solar power generation system into a building envelope (such as a roof, curtain wall, window, etc.), which has both power generation function and building material properties. At present, BIPV has become one of the key paths for emission reduction in the building field.

[0003] At present, colored photovoltaic assemblies (such as colored thin films or colored glass) use colored spraying, that is, inkjet with colored powder, which can meet the demand of building aesthetics, but can cause a sharp drop in the power of the assembly, with a decay of up to 12%-15%, and can easily cause hot spot effect, which can cause safety hazards to the assembly. Moreover, the current decorative coating (including the basic colorless varnish) has a single function, only realizes the pattern effect, and has no active improvement effect on the problems such as ultraviolet aging and light utilization efficiency of the assembly during long-term service outdoors. SUMMARY

[0004] The application provides a printing assembly based on interface optical regulation and physical development and a preparation method and application thereof. The printing assembly is sprayed by using colorless transparent varnish, color difference is generated by using the infiltration of the encapsulating adhesive film and the non-infiltration, color difference development is realized without sacrificing light transmittance and power, and the risk of generating hot spots is also eliminated.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the following technical scheme is adopted in the application. A printing assembly based on interface optical regulation and physical development, comprising a cell sheet, an encapsulating adhesive film and glass, the cell sheet is located between the encapsulating adhesive films, and the glass is outside the encapsulating adhesive films; the side of the encapsulating adhesive film in contact with the cell sheet is sprayed with a pattern by using self-developed colorless transparent UV varnish, controllable micro differences are generated in the infiltration degree, filling state or optical coupling state of the encapsulating adhesive film in the sprayed and non-sprayed areas of the cell sheet, so as to generate color difference and form a pattern.

[0006] The self-developed colorless transparent UV varnish comprises the following components by mass: 40%-65% of a prepolymer, 30%-50% of an active diluent, 2%-6% of a photocuring initiator, 0.5%-2% of an antifoaming agent and 0.5%-2% of a rare earth metal organic compound. The rare earth metal organic compound is a europium (Eu) complex or terbium (Tb) complex light conversion agent. The prepolymer is one or more of polyurethane modified acrylate, aliphatic urethane acrylate, polyester acrylate and polyether acrylate. The active diluent is one or more of 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate (PHEA), isobornyl acrylate (IBOA), morpholine acrylate (ACMO), 2-hydroxyethyl methyl acrylate phosphate (HEMAP), dipropylene glycol diacrylate (DPGDA), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), and hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA); The photocuring initiator is one or more of 754, 907, 184, 369, 1173, TPO, BP, 819, PBZ, and MBF. The defoaming agent is one or more of silicone-based defoaming agents and polyether-based defoaming agents.

[0007] The preparation method of the printing assembly based on interface optical regulation and physical development includes the following steps: Preparation of colorless transparent UV light oil: the raw materials are weighed according to the ratio, and are added in stages in the order of prepolymer, diluent, photoinitiator, and rare earth metal organic compound to avoid local aggregation; under light-proof conditions, mechanical stirring is performed at 500 rpm for 20 minutes, and the temperature is 25±2℃ (to avoid pre-polymerization); Spraying of encapsulation adhesive film: a piezoelectric nozzle is used to spray and draw on the encapsulation adhesive film according to the pattern requirements, the inkjet speed is 1-2 m / min, the inkjet thickness is 5-20 μm, and after spraying, UV curing is performed for 1-2 seconds; Assembly to form an assembly: the encapsulation adhesive film is used to assemble and laminate with the battery sheet to form an assembly.

[0008] In the above steps, after the rare earth metal organic compound is added in the preparation of the colorless transparent UV light oil, high-speed dispersion is performed at 2000-3000 rpm for 5-10 minutes to ensure uniform dispersion of the filler in the light oil system and avoid aggregation affecting the light transmittance and smoothness of the drawing.

[0009] The printing assembly based on interface optical regulation and physical development prepared as described above can be used for building photovoltaic integration.

[0010] Advantages: the application provides a printing assembly based on interface optical regulation and physical development and a preparation method and application thereof, and has the following advantages compared with the prior art: 1. The core of the present application is to control the wettability of the film and the surface of the battery piece, the colorless transparent varnish changes the rheological properties or interfacial tension of the partial encapsulation film (usually EVA or POE), under the action of heat and pressure in the laminating process, the wettability, filling state or optical coupling state of the film in the sprayed area and the non-sprayed area to the battery piece produce controllable micro differences, which directly leads to the change of the reflection and refraction path of light on the surface of the battery piece, and macroscopically, it shows the visual color difference of "wetting area showing black color (light absorption enhancement)" and "non-wetting area showing blue color (or original battery piece color)", thereby "printing" the pattern; the essence of the present application is "physical development based on interface optical regulation" technology, not the traditional "pigment coloring" technology.

[0011] 2. In the colorless transparent UV varnish formula, 0.1%-3% of rare earth metal organic compound light conversion agent (such as organic complex of europium and terbium) is introduced, based on photoluminescence and stokes shift, the rare earth light conversion agent absorbs high-energy ultraviolet photons, emits lower-energy (longer-wavelength) visible light photons through its internal energy level transition, and this part of newly generated visible light can be effectively absorbed by the solar cell. Therefore, the added rare earth metal organic compound light conversion agent can convert part of the harmful ultraviolet light absorbed by the encapsulation material into visible light beneficial to the power generation of the battery piece, while realizing the pattern, locally compensating for the decrease in light transmittance caused by the ultraviolet aging of the encapsulation material, and improving the utilization rate of the solar spectrum of the module; by consuming ultraviolet light, the aging effect of ultraviolet light on the encapsulation film and the back plate is reduced, and the long-term weather resistance of the module is improved.

[0012] 3. The module prepared by the present application has extremely high light transmittance, and the average light transmittance loss in the 380-1100nm spectral range is less than 1%, which is much better than the colored ink (non-transparent); the power loss is extremely small, and the overall power attenuation of the module can be controlled within 3%, solving the fundamental contradiction between decoration and power generation efficiency; the hot spot risk is eliminated, the pattern area still maintains high light transmittance and will not cause local abnormal heating; the process compatibility is good, and it can be directly integrated into the existing laminating production line without major modification. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the surface pattern forming of the battery piece in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the cross section of the module in the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The present application will be described in detail below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments: As Figure 2As shown, a printing assembly based on interface optical control of physical development includes battery pieces, encapsulation adhesive film, and glass, the battery pieces are located between the encapsulation adhesive film, and the glass is outside the encapsulation adhesive film; as shown Figure 1 As shown, the side of the encapsulation adhesive film in contact with the battery pieces is sprayed with a self-developed colorless transparent UV light oil according to the required drawing pattern, the drawing and non-drawing areas of the encapsulation adhesive film produce controllable microscopic differences in the wetting degree, filling state or optical coupling state of the battery pieces, which directly leads to changes in the reflection and refraction path of light on the surface of the battery pieces, and macroscopically, it shows the visual color difference of "wetting area showing black (light absorption enhancement)" and "non-wetting area showing blue (or original battery piece color)", thereby "printing" the pattern.

[0015] The self-developed colorless transparent UV light oil includes the following mass fraction components: 50% polyurethane modified acrylate, 28% isobornyl acrylate, 15% dipropylene glycol diacrylate, 4% photoinitiator 819, 1% silicone defoamer, and 2% europium complex light conversion agent (can absorb ~365nm ultraviolet light and emit ~610nm red light); based on photoluminescence and stokes shift, the introduced europium complex light conversion agent absorbs high-energy ultraviolet photons, emits lower-energy (longer-wavelength) visible light photons through internal energy level transition, and this part of newly generated visible light can be effectively absorbed and utilized by the solar cell.

[0016] The preparation method of the above-mentioned printing assembly based on interface optical control of physical development includes the following steps: The raw materials are weighed according to the ratio, and are added in the order of prepolymers, diluents, photoinitiators, and rare earth metal organic compounds under stirring to avoid local aggregation; under light-proof conditions, the rare earth metal organic compound is added and dispersed at a high speed of 2000-3000 rpm for 5-10 minutes after the addition to ensure uniform dispersion of the filler in the light oil system and avoid aggregation affecting the light transmittance and drawing smoothness, and the temperature is 25±2℃ (to avoid pre-polymerization); a piezoelectric nozzle is used to draw the pattern on the encapsulation adhesive film at a speed of 1-2 m / min and a thickness of 5-20μm, and UV curing is performed for 1-2 seconds after spraying; the encapsulation adhesive film is used to assemble and laminate with the battery pieces to form the assembly.

[0017] The prepared assembly is tested, and the average light transmittance loss in the 380-1100nm spectral range is less than 1%; the overall power attenuation can be controlled within 3%, and the pattern area still maintains high light transmittance, which will not cause local abnormal heating and eliminate the risk of hot spots; moreover, at night at a specific angle, the pattern made of rare earth transition metal can present a unique fluorescent effect, enhancing the aesthetic expression.

[0018] The above merely describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and it should be pointed out that those skilled in the art can make several improvements without departing from the principles of the present application, and these improvements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A printing assembly based on interface optical modulation of physical development, characterized in that, It includes battery cells, encapsulating films, and glass. The battery cells are located between the encapsulating films, and the outside of the encapsulating films is glass. The side of the outer encapsulating film that contacts the battery cells is printed with a self-developed colorless and transparent UV varnish according to requirements. The encapsulating films in the printed and unprinted areas produce controllable microscopic differences in the degree of wetting, filling state, and optical coupling state of the battery cells, thereby creating color differences to form patterns.

2. The printing assembly based on interface optical modulation physical development according to claim 1, characterized in that, The self-developed colorless and transparent UV varnish comprises the following components by weight: 40%-65% prepolymer, 30%-50% reactive diluent, 2%-6% photocuring initiator, 0.5%-2% defoamer, and 0.5%-2% rare earth metal organometallic compound.

3. The printing assembly based on interface optical modulation physical development according to claim 2, characterized in that, The rare earth metal organometallic compound is a europium complex or a terbium complex light-converting agent.

4. The printing assembly based on interface optical modulation physical development according to claim 2, characterized in that, The prepolymer is one or more of polyurethane-modified acrylate, aliphatic urethane acrylate, polyester acrylate, and polyether acrylate.

5. The printing assembly based on interface optical modulation physical development according to claim 2, characterized in that, The reactive diluent is one or more of the following: 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, morpholine acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate phosphate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, and hexanediol diacrylate.

6. The printing assembly based on interface optical modulation physical development according to claim 2, characterized in that, The photocuring initiator is one or more of 754, 907, 184, 369, 1173, TPO, BP, 819, PBZ, and MBF.

7. The printing assembly based on interface optical modulation physical development according to claim 2, characterized in that, The defoamer is one or more of the following: silicone defoamer and polyether defoamer.

8. The method for preparing the printing component based on interface optical modulation physical development as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Preparation of colorless and transparent UV varnish: Weigh the raw materials according to the formula, and add them in stages in the order of prepolymer, diluent, photoinitiator, and rare earth metal organometallic compound to avoid local aggregation; stir and mix evenly under room temperature and light protection conditions; Spraying the encapsulating film: Spray the pattern onto the encapsulating film according to the pattern requirements. The inkjet speed is 1-2 m / min and the inkjet thickness is 5-20 μm. After spraying, use UV curing for 1-2 seconds. Assembly to form a component: The encapsulating film is used to laminate with the battery cells to form a component.

9. The method for preparing a printing component based on interface optical modulation physical development according to claim 8, characterized in that, During the preparation of colorless and transparent UV varnish, rare earth metal organometallic compounds are added and dispersed at high speed at 2000-3000 rpm for 5-10 minutes to ensure that the filler is uniformly dispersed in the varnish system.

10. The application of the printing assembly based on interface optical modulation physical development as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The printed components are used in building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) modules.

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